SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

National Highway, Crossing Rubber, Tupi, South Cotabato

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
____________________________________________________
LEARNING MODULE
FOR
CE 417: HYDRAULICS
_____________________________________________________

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE CODE : CE 51
TITLE : HYDRAULICS
TARGET POPULATION : 4TH YEAR BS Civil Engineering Students
INSTRUCTOR : SHERMAN S. MACASOJOT
NUMBER OF UNITS : 5 UNITS

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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Overview:
The course emphasizes the continuity equation, energy equation, and momentum equation. Familiarization of
the properties of common liquids in the study of hydraulics. Application of fundamental principles to solve problems
involving liquid pressure and corresponding forces resulting from this pressure. Applications of appropriate equations
in performing calculations involving flow velocity, flow rate and forces exerted by moving liquids in closed conduits and
open channels. Familiarization and applications of flow measuring devices such as orifice, weirs, Pitot tube,

Objectives:
General Objective

• Discuss the different liquid properties that are involved in the determination of pressure, forces, and flow.
• Discuss the Continuity Equation with reference to the conservation of mass, Energy Equation with reference to
the Euler equation and Momentum Equation with reference to the 2nd Law of Newton on motion.
• Design laboratory experimental procedure, perform the procedure, and interpret the result

Instruction to the Learner

This module consists of chapters in sequence in relation to each other. Do not skip each lesson so you will be
guided in every step of your learning process. As you start opening your module, please take time to read the principle
of each topic carefully and analyze each situation accordingly. If you encounter problems regarding on how you solve
it or analyze it, please go back to its basic principle. You will not go wrong when you go back to basic always. This
module will be given once in a week, and you have to return back the next week along with your outputs such as
plates, documents or activities as what this subject requires you.

Course Requirements
Class Standing Requirements (problem solving exercises, seatworks, assignments and oral presentations, group
participation and evaluation) – Problem solving exercises are scheduled. Seatworks are unannounced and are usually
given at the start or near the end of the lecture period. Problem set assignments (plates) are to be solved through
team effort to maximize peer tutoring and cooperative learning. Outputs are to be collected at the beginning of the next
class session. Students will be required to do oral presentation of assignment solutions or any special topics.
Individual contribution to group work will be rated by the instructor and the co-group members.
Grade Requirement – Students must obtain a minimum final grade of 60% or 3.0 equivalent to pass the subject.

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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Learning Resources
Textbook: Fluids of mechanics and hydraulics by DIT gillesania
References: Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics (7th_ed, _Munson_et_al, _2012)
Online References and Journals: Mathalino.com
Class Policies

Attendance:
Attendance sheet will be passed around and the student is responsible to sign to prove his presence for that
session. This is to monitor whether absences incurred by the student is still within the allowed number of
absences for a course stipulated in the Student Handbook. The only valid excuse for missing exam are illness
requiring medical care or a personal/family emergency of a serious nature. For such, valid medical certificate and
parent’s/guardian’s letter will be required and subject to verification.

Cooperative Learning:
The goal is to have everyone learn more than they would have working alone. Nevertheless, individual work
provides the foundation for productive and synergistic group work. Teams will be formed, with three or four
students per team. These will be used in two ways. First, in-class discussion and reporting on assignments will be
by group (whenever possible). Second, problem set assignments will be group activities but the submission of
assignment outputs will be done individually. Presentation of output will be done on a rotation basis. All students
will evaluate themselves and their fellow group members with respect to contributions to group function at least
twice during the semester. This evaluation will contribute to the class standing portion of the course grade and will
be used primarily in deciding borderline grades.

Academic Honesty Policy:

It is a part of your education to learn responsibility and self-discipline, particularly with regards to academic
honesty. The most important issue of academic honesty is cheating. Cheating is defined to include an attempt to
defraud, deceive, or mislead the instructor in arriving at an honest grade assessment. Plagiarism is a form of
cheating that involves presenting as one’s own work the ideas or work of another.
All portions of any test, project, or final exam submitted by you for a grade must be your own work, unless you
are instructed to work collaboratively. Specific requirements will be described for collaborative projects, but all
work presented must be the work of members of that group. Research materials used must be properly cited.
Cheating in a major course examination by a student will entail a failing mark of 5.0 for the given course.
Cheating, dishonesty or plagiarism in papers and other works will entail zero (0) score for the said requirement.

GETTING STARTED:
Learning calculus is not the same as learning arithmetic, algebra and geometry. In those subjects, you learn
primarily how to calculate with numbers, how to simplify algebraic expressions and calculate with variables, and how
to reason about points, lines, and figures in planes. Calculus involves those techniques and skills but develops others
as well, with greater precision and at deeper level. Calculus introduces so many new concepts and computational
operations, in fact, that you will no longer be able to learn everything you need in class. You will have to learn a fair
amount on your own or by working with other students. Learning calculus is a process---it does not come all at once.
Be patient, persevere, ask questions, discuss ideas and work with classmates, and seek help when you need it, right
away. The rewards of learning calculus will be very satisfying, both intellectually and professionally. (G.B.T., Jr., &
R.L.F.)
But, due to the health crisis, you need to double your effort in learning this subject since, this is more often a self-
taught or self-directed learning and will no longer have a face-to-face discussion. Research as much as you can, and
do not hesitate to consult to your instructor in any means of communication if any problems encountered in this
course. Good luck and God Bless Future Engineers!

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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MODULE 01:
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

A fluid is a substance which deforms continuously, or flows, when subjected to shear stresses. The
term fluid embraces both gases and liquids; a given mass of liquid will occupy a definite volume whereas a
gas will fill its container. Gases are readily compressible; the low compressibility, or elastic volumetric
deformation, of liquids is generally neglected in computations except those relating to large depths in the
oceans and in pressure transients in pipelines.

• Liquid Incompressible fluid, constant volume, constant density

• Gas Compressible fluid, variable volume, variable density
Ideal fluids

• Assumed to have no viscosity (hence, no resistance to shear)

• Incompressible
• Have uniform velocity when flowing
• No friction between moving layers of fluids
• No eddy currents or turbulence

Real fluids

• Exhibit infinite viscosities

• Non-uniform velocity distribution when flowing
• Compressible
• Experiences friction and turbulence in flow

• Newtonian Fluids A fluid in which viscosity is independent of the shear rate. (Water, air, gases, steam,
etc)
• Non-Newtonian A fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity.
(Fluids Foam, pseudoplastics fluids, delatant fluids, bingham fluids, etc.)

PROPERTIES OF WATER
Molar mass = 18.015 g/mol
Vapor pressure at 25 ˚C, 0.03127 atm, or 3168 Pa
Viscosity = 1 centipoise (20 ˚C)
Bulk modulus = 2.2 GPa
Surface tension = 0.0728 N/m

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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 DENSITY OF AIR

Viscosity
The property of a fluid which determines the amount of its resistance to shearing forces.
Absolute / Dynamic Viscosity, μ

Kinematic Viscosity, υ

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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 Surface Tension, σ

• The membrane of ‘skin’ or ‘thin-film’ that seems to form on the free surface of a fluid that is due
to the intermolecular cohesive forces.

Pressure inside a droplet of liquid or inside an air bubble

Capillarity (Capillary action)

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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 GAS LAWS
Boyle’s Law Gay-Lussac’s Law

Combined Gas Law

Ideal Gas Law

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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Exercises

1. The absolute viscosity of the liquid is 1.8 x 10-3 Pa.s and its sp.gr. Is 0.90.
• Compute the equivalent kinematic viscosity in m2/s.
✓ ANS. 2 x 10-6 m2/s

• Compute the equivalent value in stokes.

✓ ANS. 0.02 stokes

• If the viscosity is 0.0126 stokes what is the equivalent kinematic viscosity in m2/s.
✓ ANS. 1.26 x 10-6 m2/s

2. If the viscosity of oil (sp.gr. = 0.85) is 15.4 poise, compute the kinematic viscosity in m2/s.
✓ ANS. 0.00178 m2 / s

3. If the viscosity of oil having a sp.gr. of 0.75 is 500 centipoise, compute the absolute viscosity in Pa.s.
✓ ANS. 0.5 Pa.s

4. Estimate the height to which water will rise in the capillary tube of radius 1.5 mm. Surface tension of water is
0.0728 N/m.
✓ ANS. 9.89 mm

5. Assuming normal barometric pressure, how deep is the ocean at point where an air bubble, upon reaching the
surface, has six times the volume than it had at the bottom?
✓ ANS. 50.16 m

6. A vertical tube 3 m long, with one end closed, is inserted vertically with the open end down, into a tank of water
until the open end is submerged to a depth of 1.2 m. Neglecting vapor pressure, how far will the water level in
the tube be below the level in the tank?

✓ ANS. 0.948 m

Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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Math 21: Calculus 1/Differential Calculus

SOUTH EAST ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.

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