VTE PROPHYLAXIS

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the term used for a combination of the formation of
a thrombus in a vein or veins of the systemic venous system, (usually in the lower limbs or
abdomen/pelvis), and the embolisation of a thrombus to the pulmonary arterial system via the
inferior vena cava and right heart chambers (Blumgart, 2012).
A number of patient-specific factors, such as, acute medical illnesses, surgical procedures
and duration and nature of immobilisation are known to predispose patients to increased risk
of VTE. Immobility 10-fold increased risk with bed rest >3 days, plaster cast, paralysis.
Immobility during travel 2 to 3-fold increased risk (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines
Network, 2010).
Prolonged immobilization will cause static blood flow which facilitates the onset of
venous thrombosis. Prolonged immobilization such as period perioperatively or due to
paralysis, can eliminate the influence of peripheral venous pump, increase the stagnation so
that occur pooling of blood in the lower extremities. The occurrence of blood stasis which is
behind the vein valves predispose the onset of deposition of platelets and fibrin, so precipitate
deep venous thrombosis.
When blood flow slows, the platelets will be pulled over, so easily attached to the vessel
wall. Normal bloodstream there is an axial stream containing heavy elements like
lekosit.Trombosit blood flow at a more peripheral zone and restricted from the vessel wall by
a plasma zone. When incurred delays in the flow of the platelets into the plasma zone so that
contact with endothelial was increased.

Daftar Pustaka:
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. 2010. Prevention and management of venous
thromboembolism. Elliott House, 8-10 Hillside Crescent, Edinburgh EH7 5EA
Blumgart, Anne. 2012. VTE Prevention in Adult Hospitalised Patients in NZ. National Policy
Framework.