HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

THE TRUCE OF BIYAK-NA-BATO TIMELINE (1897)

 Sometime in August 1897 The Spanish generals, Celestino

Tejeiro and Ricardo Monet, arrived
 Pedro A. Paterno at Biyak-na-Bato and became
hostages of the rebels.
December 23
 Mestizo
 Spent a part of his life in Aguinaldo, Pedro and Maximo
Spain Paterno, boarded a launch and
 Wanted to stop the sailed for Kalumpit, train to
fatal conflict between Dagupan, and carromatos to Sual,
Spaniards and Filipinos. Pangasinan port.
The group sailed for Hongkong
 Governor-General December 27 with Aguinaldo in possession of a
Primo de Rivera check for P400,000

 He was asked by
Paterno to be a
mediator between the THE REVOLUTION: FIRST PHASE
Filipinos and the
Spaniards
THE FAILURE OF THE TRUCE
TIMELINE (1897)
Paterno Negotiated with  January 1898
Aguinaldo and Primo de Rivera  A month of colorful festivities in Manila.
August-
on the conditions that he
December  The Spaniards are happy that their lives had
thought would be satisfactory
to both countries been spared during the hectic battles.
He signed the first document—  The Filipino generals left at Biyak-na-Bato
Truce of Biyak-na-Bato as surrendered the arms given up by the rebels.
November 18 representative of the
revolutionists  Some Filipino leaders were suspicious of
Spanish and continued to hold on to their
weapons.
He signed the second
December 14
document—Programme  The Spanish authorities did not trust the
The third and last document Filipinos.
December 15 was signed by Paterno and
Primo de Rivera
 Mid-February 1898

The resulting Truce provided, among other things:
1. that Aguinaldo and his companions would go
into voluntary exile abroad;
2. that Primo de Rivera would pay the sum of
P800,000 to the rebels in three installments:
a) P400,000 to Aguinaldo upon his
departure from Biyak-na-Bato,
b) P200,000 when the arms surrendered by
the revolutionists exceed 700, and
c) The remaining P200,000 when the Te
Deum was sung and general amnesty
proclaimed by the governor,
3. that Primo de Rivera would pay the additional
sum of P900,000 to the families of the non-
combatant Filipinos who suffered during the
armed conflict.
 Periodic clashes occurred between the
Filipinos and the Spaniards.
 The clashes continued until Spanish
power was destroyed by combined
Filipino-American forces for a few
months later.
 General Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac
 Established the Central Executive
Committee
o “until a general government of
the Republic in these islands
shall again be established.”
Catherine Revenke BS Biology 1-C
 CONSTITUTION OF MAKABULOS
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Mariano Trias
Antonio Montenegro
Isabelo Artacho
Emiliano Riego de Dios
Baldomero Aguinaldo
THE RELIEF ON PRIMO DE RIVERA
 The Conservative Party was succeeded by on to
which Primo de Rivera did not belong.
Vice President
Secretary of Foreign  The succeeding Liberal Party sent General Basilio
Affairs Augustin as Primo de Rivera’s successor.
Secretary of Interior
 April 9, 1898
Secretary of War
Secretary of Treasury  General Augustin arrived in Manila

 April 10, 1898

 The Filipino leaders were not disposed
 Primo de Rivera turned over the reins of
to follow the letter of the Truce.
the Philippine government to his
successor.
 They felt that they could use the money
given to them by Primo de Rivera to
 Immediately upon his assumption of office, the
purchase arms and ammunition.
new governor announced that he would
continue Primo de Rivera’s work of pacification,
 The lower Spanish officials arrested and
then leaned back and waited for developments.
imprisoned many Filipinos whom they
suspected of having been involved in the
rebellion.

o This led to the feeling among

Filipinos that the Truce was but
a mask to cover up Spanish bad
faith.

 The consequence of this mutual

suspicion was the resurgence of the
revolution.

THE REVOLUTION: SECOND PHASE

 War was declared between the United Stated
and Spain.

 Aguinaldo, with his two companions, went to

Singapore where American Consul E. Spencer
Pratt conferred with him.

 Pratt persuaded Aguinaldo to cooperate with

Commodore George Dewey who was about to
destroy the Spanish navy and promptly sank the
Spanish warships.

 Aguinaldo returned to Philippines on board an

American ship and soon after raised the
standard of revolt against Spain.

 Governor-General Basilio Augustin made

desperate attempts to win over the Filipinos to
the Spanish side, but it was too late.

Catherine Revenke BS Biology 1-C