PHASE DIAGRAMS: composition of phases

• Rule 2: If we know T and Co, then we know:

--the composition of each phase. Cu-Ni
system
• Examples:
 PHASE DIAGRAMS: weight fractions of phases
• Rule 3: If we know T and Co, then we know:
--the amount of each phase (given in wt%).
Cu-Ni
• Examples: system

S 43  35
WL     73wt %
R S 43  32
R
W   = 27wt% WL= mL/ mL+m
R S
W= m/ mL+m
 THE LEVER RULE: A PROOF
• Sum of weight fractions: WL  W  1
• Conservation of mass (Ni): Co  WL CL  WC
• Combine above equations:

• A geometric interpretation: moment equilibrium:

WLR  WS (1-w) R=WS

R= WS+ w R
1 W
W R/ S+R
solving gives Lever Rule
 Development of microstructure in isomorphous (solid solution) alloys:

•Solidification start at point b at

1260C.
•Solidification is complete at
point d, 1220C.
•In between the alloy is
composed of two phases,  and
L.
•The number written beside each
phase is the chemical
composition of that phase.
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES: Cu-Ni System
• Effect of solid solution strengthening
on:
--Tensile strength (TS) --Ductility (%EL,%AR)

Adapted from Fig. 9.5(a), Callister 6e. Adapted from Fig. 9.5(b), Callister 6e.

--Peak as a function of Co --Min. as a function of Co

9.21

d b
Co
9.22

CL Co C