Ans: Baseband signal Ans: reflected radio signals

Chapter 1: Introduction to Elec Comm

11. The process of modifying a high 20. A frequency of 27MHz has a wavelength
1. Communication is the process of frequency carrier with the information to of approximately
Ans: exchanging information be transmitted is called Ans: 11m
Ans: modulation
2. Two key barriers to human 21. Radio signals are made up of
communication are 12. The process of transmitting two or more Ans: Electric and magnetic fields
Ans: distance and language information signals simultaneously over
the same channel is called 22. The voice frequency range is
3. Electronic communications was Ans: Multiplexing Ans: 300 to 3000 Hz
discovered in which century?
Ans: 19th 13. Continuous voice or video signals are 23. Another name for signals in the HF
referred to as being range is
4. Which of the following is not a major Ans: Baseband Ans: shortwaves
communications medium?
Ans: Water 14. Recovering information from a carrier is 24. Television broadcasting occurs in which
known as ranges?
5. Random interference to transmitted Ans: Detection Ans: VHF
signals is called
Ans: noise 15. Transmission of graphical information 25. Electromagnetic waves produced
over the telephone network is primarily by heat are called
6. The communications medium causes the accomplished by Ans: infrared rays
signal to be Ans: facsimile
Ans: attenuated 26. A micron is
16. Measuring physical conditions at some Ans: One-millionth of a meter
7. Which of the following is not a source of remote location and transmitting this
noise? data for analysis is the process of 27. The frequency range of infrared rays is
Ans: Another communications signal Ans: Telemetry approximately
Ans: 0.7 to 100µm
8. One-way communications is called 17. Receiving electromagnetic emissions
Ans: simplex from stars is called 28. The approximately wavelength of red
Ans: Radio-astronomy light is
9. Simultaneous two-way communications is Ans: 7000 Ǻ
called 18. A personal communications hobby for
Ans: Full duplex individuals is 29. Which of the following is not used for
Ans: ham radio communications
10. The original electrical information signal Ans: X-rays
to be transmitted is called the 19. Radar is based upon
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 1
30. A signal occupies the spectrum space
from 1.115 to 1.122 GHz. The
bandwidth is
Ans: 7 MHz
31. In the united states, the electromagnetic
spectrum is regulated and managed by
Ans: FCC
32. For a given bandwidth signal, more
channel space is available for signals in
the range of
Ans: EHF
Chapter 2: AM and SSB Modulation
1. Having an information signal change
some characteristic of a carrier signal is
called
Ans: modulation
2. Which of the following is not true about
AM?
Ans: The carrier frequency changes
3. The opposite of modulation is
Ans: Demodulation
4. The circuit used to produced modulation
is called a
Ans: demodulator
5. A modulator circuit performs what
mathematical operation on its two
inputs?
Ans: Multiplication
23. What is the minimum AM signal needed
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC
6. The ratio of the peak modulating signal
voltage to the peak carrier voltage is
referred to as
Ans: the modulation index
7. If m is greater than 1, what happens?
Ans: information signal is distorted
8. For ideal AM, which of the following is
true?
Ans: m = 1
9. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has
the shape of the modulating signal and
is called the
Ans: envelop
10. Overmodulation occurs when
Ans: Vm > Vc
11. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read
from an AM wave on an oscilloscope
are 2.8 and 0.3. The percentage of
modulation is
Ans: 80.6 %
12. The new signals produced
modulation are called
Ans: sidebands
13. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a
3.5 kHz sine wave. The LSB and USB
are, respectively,
Ans: 876.5 and 883.5 kHz
14. A display of signal amplitude versus
frequency is called the
Ans: frequency domain
to transmit information?
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
15. Most of the power in an AM signal is the
Ans: Carrier
16. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5
W. The percentage of modulation is 80
percent. The total sideband power is
Ans: 1.6 W
17. For 100 percent modulation, what
percentage of power is in each
sideband?
Ans: 25 percent
18. An AM transmitter has a percentage of
modulation of 88. The carrier power is
440 W. The power in one sideband is
Ans: 85 W
19. An AM transmiiter antenna current is
measured with no modulation and found
to be 2.6 A. With modulation, the current
rises to 2.9 A. The percentage of
modulation is
Ans: 70 percent
20. What is the carrier power in the problem
by above if the antenna resistance is 75
ohms?
Ans: 507 W
21. In an AM signal, the transmitted
information is contained within the
Ans: sidebands
22. An AM signal without the carrier is
called a(n)
Ans: DSB
Ans: One sideband
2

24. The main advantage of SSB over
standard AM or DSB is
Ans: Less spectrum space is used
25. In SSB, which sideband is the best to
use?
Ans: neither upper or lower
selects the difference signal. The output
is
Ans: 3.2 MHz
32. The output of an SSB transmitter with a
3.85 MHz carrier and a 1.5 kHz sine
wave modulating tone is
Ans: 3.85, 3.8485, and 3.8515 MHz
2. In a diode modulator, the negative half
of the AM wave is supplied by a(n)
Ans: Tuned circuit
3. Amplitude modulation can be produced
by
Ans: Having the carrier vary a resistance

26. The typical audio modulating frequency
range used in radio and telephone
communications is
Ans: 300 Hz to 3 kHz
27. An AM signal with a maximum
modulating signal frequency of 4.5 kHz
has a total bandwidth of
Ans: 9 kHz
28. Distortion of the modulating signal
produces harmonics which cause an
increase in the signal
Ans: bandwidth
29. The process of translating a signal, with
or without modulation, to a higher or
lower frequency for processing is called
Ans: frequency conversion
30. Frequency translation is carried out by a
circuit called a
Ans: converter
31. An input signal of 1.8 MHz is mixed with
a local oscillation of 5 MHz. A filter
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC
33. An SSB transmitter produces a 400 V 4. Amplitude modulators that vary the
peak-to-peak signal across a 52 ohms carrier amplitude with the modulating
antenna load. The PEP output is signal by passing it through an
Ans: 384.5 W attenuator work on the principle of
Ans: Variable resistance
Solution:
400V 5. In Fig. 3-4, D1 is a
2 2 Ans: Variable resistor
PEP   384.5W
52 Ω
6. The component used to produce AM at
34. The output power of an SSB transmitter very high frequencies is a
is usually expressed in terms of Ans: Varactor
Ans: Peak envelope power
7. Amplitude modulation generated at a
35. An SSB transmitter has a PEP rating of very low voltage or power amplitude is
1 kW. The average output power is in known as
the range of Ans: Low-level modulation
Ans: 250 to 333 W
8. A collector modulator has a supply
Solution: voltage of 48 V. The peak-to-peak
PEP amplitude of the modulating signal for
Vavg1   333W , 100 percent modulation is
3 Ans: 96 V
PEP
Vavg2  4
 250W
Solution:
Vmp-p = 2Vc . m = 96 V
Chapter 3: AM Circuits
9. A collector modulated transmitter has a
supply voltage of 24 V and a collector
1. Amplitude modulation is the same as
Ans: Analog multiplication
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 3
 current of 0.5 A. The modulator power
for 100 percent modulation is
Ans: 12 W
Solution:
P = VI = 24 x 0.5 = 12 W
10. The circuit that recovers the original
modulating information from an AM
signal is known as a
Ans: demodulator
11. The most commonly used amplitude
demodulator is the
Ans: Envelope detector
12. A circuit that generates the upper and
lower sidebands but no carrier is called
a(a)
Ans: Balanced modulator
13. The inputs to a balanced modulator are
1 MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz. The
outputs are
Ans: 500 kHz and 2.5 MHz
14. A widely used balanced modulator is
called the
Ans: lattice modulator
15. In a diode ring modulator, the diodes act
like
Ans: switches
16. The output of a balanced modulator is
Ans: DSB
17. The principal circuit in the popular
1496/1596 IC balanced modulator is a
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC
Ans: Differential amplifier 24. Frequency translation is done with a
circuit called a
18. The most commonly used filter in SSB Ans: mixer
generator uses
Ans: RC networks and op-amps 25. The inputs to a mixer are fo and fm. In
down conversion, which of the following
19. The equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal mixer output signals is selected
is a Ans: fo - fm
Ans: Series resonant circuit and parallel
resonant circuit 26. Mixing for frequency conversion is the
same as
20. A crystal lattice filter has crystal Ans: Liner summing
frequencies of 27.5 and 27.502 MHz.
The bandwidth is approximately 27. Which of the following can be used as a
Ans: 2 kHz mixer
Ans: Balanced modulator, FET and
Solution: Diode modulator
BW = f2 – f1 = 27.502MHz–27.5MHz = 2 kHz
28. The desired output from a mixer is
21. An SSB generator has a sideband filter usually selected with a
centered at 3.0 MHz. The modulating Ans: Crystal filter
signal is 3 kHz. To produce both upper
and lower sidebands, the following 29. The two main inputs to a mixer are the
carrier frequencies must be produced: signal to be translated and a signal from
Ans: 2997 and 3003 kHz a(n)
Ans: Local oscillator
Solution:
LSB = 3.0 MHz – 3 kHz = 2997 kHz 30. An NE602 mixer IC has a difference
USB = 3.0 MHz + 3 kHz = 3003 kHz output of 10.7 MHz. The input is 146.8
22. In the phasing method of SSB MHz. The local oscillator frequency is
generation, one sideband is canceled Ans: 157.5 MHz
out due to
Ans: phase shift Solution:
fo = 146.8 MHz + 10.7 MHz
23. A balanced modulator used to
demodulate a SSB signal is called a(n)
Ans: converter Chapter 4: FM
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 4
1. The amount of frequency deviation from
the carrier center frequency in an FM 9. The FM produced by PM is called
transmitter is proportional to what Ans: Indirect FM
characteristic of the modulating signal?
Ans: Amplitude 10. If the amplitude of the modulating signal
applied to a phase modulator is
2. Both FM and PM are types of kind of constant, the output signal will be
modulation? Ans: The carrier frequency
Ans: Angle
11. A 100 MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by
3. If the amplitude of the modulating signal a 4 kHz signal. The modulation index is
decreases, the carrier deviation Ans: 12.5
Ans: decreases
Solution:
4. On an FM signal, maximum deviation
occurs at what point on the modulating
signal? m  50 000  12.5
4000
Ans: Both positive and negative peak
amplitude 12. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier
is 2 kHz by a maximum modulating
5. In PM, a frequency shift occurs while signal of 400 Hz. The deviation ratio is
what characteristic of the modulating Ans: 5
signal is changing?
Ans: Amplitude Solution:
m  2 000 5
6. Maximum frequency deviation of a PM 400
signal occurs at
Ans: Zero crossing points 13. A 70 kHz carrier has a frequency
deviation of 4 kHz with a 1000 Hz
7. In PM, carrier frequency deviation is not signal. How many significant sideband
proportional to: pairs are produced?
Ans: Carrier amplitude and frequency Ans: 7
8. To compensate for increases in carrier Solution:
frequency deviation with an increase in
modulating signal frequency, what m  4 000 4
circuit is used between the modulating 1000
By using Bessel’s Table, a
signal and the phase modulator? modulation index of 4, has 7 significant
Ans: Low-pass filter sidebands.
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
14. What is the bandwidth of the FM signal
described in question 13 above?
Ans: 14 kHz
Solution:
BW = 2Nfmax
BW = 2 (7) (1000) = 14 kHz
15. What is the relative amplitude of the
third pair of sidebands of an FM signal
with m = 6
Ans: 0.11
16. A 200 kHz carrier is modulated by a 2.5
kHz signal. The fourth pair of sidebands
are spaced from the carrier by
Ans: 10 kHz
Solution:
4th sideband = 4 (2.5 kHz) = 10 kHz
17. An FM transmitter has a maximum
deviation of 12 kHz and a maximum
modulating frequency of 12 kHz. The
bandwidth by Carson’s rule is
Ans: 48 kHz
Solution:
BW = 2 (δmax + fmax)
BW = 2 (12 kHz + 12 kHz) = 48 kHz
18. The maximum allowed deviation of the
FM sound signal in TV is 25 kHz. If the
actual deviation is 18 kHz, the percent
modulation is
Ans: 72%
Solution:
5
 m  18 000  0.72 27. Pre-emphasis circuits boost what 6. In Fig. 5-3, if the reverse bias on D1 is
25000 modulating frequencies before reduced, the resonant frequency of C1
modulation? Ans: decreases
19. Which of the following is not a major Ans: high frequencies
benefit of FM over AM? 7. The frequency change of a crystal
Ans: Lower complexity and cost 28. A pre-emphasis circuit is a oscillator produced by a varactor diode
Ans: high pass filter is
20. The primary disadvantage of FM is its Ans: small
Ans: Excessive use of spectrum space 29. Pre-emphasis is compensated for at the
receiver by 8. A phase modulator varies the phase
21. Noise is primarily Ans: low-pass filter shift of the
Ans: High frequency spikes Ans: carrier
30. The cut-off frequency of pre-emphasis
22. The receiver circuit that rids FM of noise and de-emphasis circuits is 9. The widest phase variation is obtained
is the Ans: 2.122 kHz with a(n)
Ans: Limiter Ans: LC resonant circuit
23. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal 10. In Fig. 5-7, R4 is the
Chapter 5: FM Circuits
dominating a weaker signa on a Ans: deviation control
common frequency is referred to as the
1. Another name for a VVC is
Ans: capture effect
Ans: varactor diode 11. The small frequency change produced
by a phase modulator can be increased
24. The AM signals generated at a low level by using a(n)
2. The depletion region in a junction diode
may only be amplified by what type of Ans: frequency multiplier
forms what part of a capacitor
amplifier?
Ans: dielectric
Ans: Linear 12. A crystal oscillator whose frequency can
3. Increasing the reverse bias on a be changed by an input voltage is called
25. Frequency modulation transmitters are a(n)
varactor diode will cause its capacitance
more efficient because their power is Ans: VXO
Ans: decrease
increased by what type of amplifier
Ans: class C 13. Which oscillators are preferred for
4. The capacitance of a varactor diode is in
what general range carrier generators because of their good
26. Noise interferes mainly with modulating frequency stability?
Ans: pF
signals that are Ans: crystal
Ans: high frequencies
5. In Fig. 5-3, the varactor diode is biased
by which components? 14. Which of the following frequency
Ans: R1, R2 demodulators requires an input limiter?
Ans: Foster-Seeley discriminator
15. Which discriminator averages pulses in a low- pass filter?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND
EDITION - FRENZEL 6
Ans: Quadrature detector 29. Over a narrow range of frequencies, the
1  2.6MHz PLL acts like a
2Π (50H)(75pF) Ans: Bandpass filter

16. Which frequency demodulator is 22. Which of the following is true about the
considered the best overall? 30. The output of a PLL frequency
NE566 IC? demodulator is taken from
Ans: PLL Ans: it is a VCO Ans: low-pass filter
17. In Fig. 5-8, the voltage at point A when 23. An FM demodulator that uses a
the input frequency is below the FM differential amplifier and tuned circuits to
center frequency is Chapter 6: Radio Transmitters
convert frequency variations into voltage
Ans: positive variations is the 1. Which of the following circuits is not
Ans: Differential peak detector typically part of every radio transmitter?
18. In Fig. 5-8, R3 and C6 form which kind of
circuit? Ans: mixer
24. The output amplitude of the phase
Ans: De-emphasis detector in a quadrature detector is 2. Class C amplifiers are not used in which
proportional to type of transmitter?
19. In Fig. 5-10, the voltage across C6 is Ans: pulse width
Ans: directly proportional to frequency Ans: SSB
deviation 25. The input to a PLL is 2 MHz. In order for 3. A circuit that isolates the carrier
the PLL to be locked, the VCO output oscillator from load changes is called a
20. In a pulse averaging discriminator, the must be
pulses are produced by a(n) Ans: buffer amplifier
Ans: 2 MHz
Ans: zero crossing detector
4. A class B amplifier conducts for how
26. Decreasing the input frequency to a many degrees of an input sine wave?
21. A reactance modulator looks like a locked PLL will cause the VCO output to
capacitance of 35 pF in parallel with the Ans: 180o
Ans: jump to the free-running frequency
oscillator-tuned circuit whose inductance
is 50 µH and capacitance is 40 pF. What 5. Bias for a class C amplifier produced by
27. The range of frequencies over which a an input RC network is known as
is the center frequency of the oscillator PLL will track input signal variations is
prior to FM? Ans: signal bias
known as the
Ans: 206 MHz Ans: lock range 6. An FM transmitter has a 9 MHz crystal
Solution: carrier oscillator and frequency
28. The band of frequencies over which a multipliers of 2, 3, 4. The output
PLL will acquire or recognize an input frequency is
f 1 signal is called the Ans: 216 MHz
2 LC Ans: capture range
CT = 35 pF + 40 pF =75 pF
Solution

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 7
 f = 9 MHz x 2 x 3 x 4 = 216 MHz
16. To a match a 6 Ω amplifier impedance 21. In a speech-processing circuit, a low-
7. The most efficient RF power amplifier is to a 72 Ω antenna load, a transformer pass filter prevents
which class amplifier? must have a turns ration NP/NS of Ans: excessive signal bandwidth
Ans: C Ans: 0.289
22. The gain of a transistor amplifier is
8. Collector current in a class C amplifier is Solution: Ans: directly proportional to collector
a ZP ZS current
Ans: Pulse NP 
Ns 23. What values of L and C in an L network
9. The maximum power of typical transistor are required to match a 10 Ω transistor
RF power amplifiers is in what range? NP  6  0.289 amplifier impedance to a 50 Ω load at 27
Ans: Hundreds of watts Ns 72 MHz?
Ans: L = 118 nH, C = 236 pF
10. Self-oscillation in a transistor amplifier is 17. Impedance matching in a broadband
usually caused by Solution:
linear RF amplifier is handled with a(n)
Ans: internal capacitance Ans: balun XL  R1R2  R2
1
11. Neutralization is the process of 18. A class C amplifier has a supply voltage XL= 2πfL
Ans: cancelling the effect of internal
device capacitance
of 24 V and a collector current of 2.5 A.
XL  (10)(50)  102  20Ω
Its efficiency is 80 %. The RF output
12. Maximum power transfer occurs when power is XL
Ans: 48
L  117.89nH  118nH
what relationship exists between the 2 (27M)
generator impedance ZI and the load
impedance Zl? Solution: R1R2 10(50)
20  25
@ 100 %: XC  XL 
Ans: Zi = Zl P100 = VI = 60 W 1 1
13. Which of the following is not a benefit of @ 80 %: C   235.78pF
a toroid RF inductor? P80 = 0.8 P100 2 f 2 (27M)(25)
Ans: Self-supporting P80 = 0.8 (60) = 48 W XC
19. Which of the following is not a benefit of Chapter 7: Communications Receivers
14. A toroid is a speech-processing circuits?
Ans: Magnetic core Ans: improved frequency stability 1. The simplest receiver is a(n)
15. Which of the following is not commonly Ans: tuned circuit
20. In an AM transmitter, a clipper circuit
used for impedance matching in a eliminates
transmitter? 2. The key conceptual circuit in a superhet
Ans: splatter
Ans: Resistive attenuator receiver is the
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 8
Ans: mixer
9. The main cause of image interference is Ans: Poor front-end selectivity
3. Most of the gain and selectivity in a
superhet is obtained in the 10. For best image rejection, the IF for a 30
Ans: IF amplifier MHz signal would be
Ans: 55 MHz
4. The sensitivity of a receiver depends
upon the receiver’s overall 11. A tuned circuit is resonant at 4 MHz. Its Q
Ans: Gain is 100. The bandwidth is
Ans: 40 kHz
5. The ability of a receiver to separate one
signal from others on closely adjacent Solution:
frequencies is called the BW = fr / Q = 4 MHz / 100 = 40 kHz
Ans: selectivity
12. A crystal filter has a 6 dB bandwidth of
6. A mixer has a signal input of 50 MHz 2.6 kHz and a 60 dB bandwidth of 14 kHz.
and an LO frequency of 59 MHz. The IF The shape factor is
is Ans: 5.38
Ans: 9 MHz
Solution:
Solution: Shape factor = 60 dB BW / 6 dB BW
IF = fo – fs = 59 MHz – 50 MHz = 9 MHz Shape factor = 14 kHz / 2.6 kHz = 5.38

7. A signal 2 times the IF away from the 13. Most internal noise comes from
desired signal that causes interference Ans: thermal agitation
is referred to as a(n)
Ans: Image 14. Which of the following is not a source of
external noise
8. A receiver has a desired input signal of Ans: thermal agitation
18 MHz and an LO frequency of 19.6
MHz. The image frequency is 15. Noise can be reduced by
Ans: 21.2 MHz Ans: narrowing the BW

Solution:
IF = 19.6 MHz – 18 MHz = 1.6 MHz 16. Noise at the input to a receiver can be as
fsi = fs + 2IF high as several
fsi = 18 MHz + 2 (1.6 MHz) Ans: microvolts
fsi = 21.2 MHz
17. Which circuit contributes most to the noise
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 9
 in a receiver?
Ans: decrease
27. Usually AGC voltage is derived by the
Ans: demodulator
28. An AFC circuit is used to correct for
Ans: frequency drift in the LO
29. A circuit keeps the audio cut off until a
signal is received is known as
Ans: a squelch
30. A BFO is used in the demodulation of
which types of signals?
Ans: SSB or CW
31. Which of the following circuits are not
typically shared in an SSB transceiver?
Ans: mixers
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC
Ans: mixer
18. Which noise figure represents the
lowest noise
Ans: 1.6 dB (smallest value)
19. Which filter shape factor represents
the best skirt selectivity?
Ans: 1.6 (smallest value)
20. Which input signal below represents
the best receiver sensitivity?
Ans: 0.5 µV
21. Transistor with the lowest noise figure
in the microwave region is a(n)
Ans: MESFET
22. The AGC circuits usually control the
32. The basic frequency synthesizer circuit
is a(n)
Ans: PLL
33. The output frequency increment of a
frequency synthesizer is determined by
the
Ans: reference input to the phase
detector
34. The output of the frequency synthesizer
is changed by varying the
Ans: frequency division ratio
35. In Fig 7-28, if the input reference is 25
kHz and the divide ratio is 144, the VCO
output frequency
Ans: 3.6 MHz
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
gain of the
Ans: IF amplifier
23. Selectivity is obtained in most receivers
from
Ans: double-tuned circuits
24. Widest bandwidth in a double-tuned
circuit is obtained with
Ans: overcoupling
25. Automatic gain control permits a wide
range of signal amplitudes to be
accommodated by controlling the gain of
the
Ans: IF amplifier
26. In an IF amplifier with reverse AGC, a
strong signal will cause the collector
current to
36. The bandwidth of a parallel LC circuit can
be increased by
Ans: decreasing XL
37. The upper and lower cutoff frequencies of
a tuned circuit are 1.7 and 1.5 MHz
respectively. The circuit Q is
Ans: 8
Solution:
BW = 1.7 MHz – 1.5 MHz = 200 kHz fr
= 1.5 MHz + (200 kHz / 2) = 100 kHz
Q = fr / BW = 8
38. The noise voltage across a 300 Ω input
resistance to a TV set with a 6 MHz
bandwidth and a temperature of 30oC is
Ans: 5.5 µV
10
Solution: 40. A tuned circuit resonates at 12 MHz Ans: sending multiple signals
V  4kTBWR with an inductance of 5 µH whose simultaneously over a single channel
V  4k(273  30)(6 MHz)(300) resistance is 6 Ω. The circuit
bandwidth is 2. In FDM, multiple signals
Where k = 1.3806503 x 10-23- Ans: 191 kHz Ans: share a common bandwidth
V = 5.5 µV
Solution: 3. Each signal in a an FDM system
39. The stage gains in a superheterodyne XL = 2πfL = 2π(12 MHz)( 5 µH) = Ans: modulates a subcarrier
are follows RF amplifier, 10dB; mixer, 376.99 Q = XL / R = 376.99 / 6 = 62.83
6dB; two IF amplifiers, each 33 dB; BW = fr / Q = 12 MHz / 62.83 = 190.99 kHz 4. Frequency modulation in FDM systems
detector, -4 dB; AF amplifier, 28 dB. The is usually accomplished with a
total gain is 41. In a receiver with noise-derived Ans: VCO
Ans: 106 squelch, the presence of an audio
signal causes the audio amplifier to be 5. Which of the following is not a typical
Solution: Ans: enabled FDM application
GT = G1 + G2 + .. + Gn Ans: secure communications
GT = 10 + 6 + 33 + 33 + -4 + 28 = 106 dB
Chapter 8: Multiplexing 6. The circuit the performs demultiplexing
in an FDM system is a(n)
1. Multiplexing is the process of Ans: Bandpass filter
17. The maximum bandwidth that an analog
7. Most FDM telemetry systems use 12. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L – R signal use with a sampling frequency of
Ans: FM signal 108 kHz is
Ans: DSB modulates a subcarrier Ans: 54 kHz
8. The best frequency demodulator is the
Ans: PLL discriminator 13. The SCA signal if used in FM Solution:
broadcasting is transmitted via fn = fb / 2 = 108 kHz / 2 = 54 kHz
9. The modulation used in FDM telephone Ans: A 67 kHz subcarrier
systems is 18. Pulse-amplitude modulation signals are
Ans: SSB 14. In TDM, multiple signals multiplexed by using
Ans: take turns transmitting Ans: FET switches
10. The FDM telephone systems
accommodate many channels by 15. In TDM, each signal may use he full 19. In PAM demultiplexing, the receiver clock
Ans: using multiple levels of bandwidth of the channel is derived from
multiplexing Ans: True Ans: The PAM signal itself

11. In FM stereo broadcasting, the L + R 16. Sampling an analog signal produces 20. In PAM/TDM system, keeping the
signal Ans: PAM multiplexer and DEMUX channels step
Ans: modulates the FM carrier with one another is done by a
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 11
Ans: Sync pulse Ans: Minimizes signal bandwidth transmission line is a
Ans: Coax
21. Transmitting data as serial binary words 26. A telephone system using TDM and
is called PCM is called 2. The characteristic impedance of a
Ans: PCM Ans: T-1 transmission line does not depend upon
its
22. Converting analog signals to digital is 27. An IC that contains A/D and D/A Ans: none of the above
done by sampling and converters, companders and parallel-
Ans: Quantizing to- serial converters is called Choices were:
Ans: Codec
23. A quantizer is a(n) Length, Conductor Diameter and
Ans: A/D converter 28. Pulse-code modulation is preferred to Conductor spacing
PAM because of its
24. Emphasizing low-level signals and Ans: Superior noise immunity 3. Which of the following is not a common
compressing higher-level signals is transmission line impedance?
called Ans: 120 Ω
Ans: Companding Chapter 9: Antennas and Transmission
lines 4. For maximum absorption of power at the
25. Which of the following is not a benefit of
antenna, the relationship between the
companding? 1. The most commonly used
characteristic impedance of the line ZO 11. The minimum voltage along a 468 468
and the load impedance Zl should be L   17.33ft.
transmission line is 260 V, while the 27
Ans: ZO = Zl maximum voltage is 390 V. The SWR is f MHz
Ans: 1.5
5. The mismatch between antenna and 18. A popular vertical antenna is the
transmission line impedances cannot be Solution: Ans: Ground plane
corrected for by Vmax - Vmin 390 - 260
|Γ|  0.2 19. The magnetic field of an antenna is
Ans: Adjusting the length of
 Vmax  Vmin  390  perpendicular to the earth. The
transmission line 260 antenna’s polarization
6. A pattern of voltage and current 1 | Γ | 1 0.2
variations along a transmission line not 8. A 50 Ω coax is connected to a 73 Ω SWR  1 | Γ |  1 0.2  1.5
terminated in its characteristic antenna. The SWR is
impedance is called Ans: 1.46 12. Three feet is one wavelength at a
Ans: Standing waves frequency of
Solution: Ans: 328 MHz
7. The desirable SWR on a transmission
line is 13. At very high frequencies, transmission
Ans: 1 lines are used as
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 12
Ans: Tuned Circuits Ans: is horizontal dipole is a
Ans: figure of 8
14. A shorted quarter-wave line at the 20. An antenna that transmits or receives
operating frequency acts like a(n) equally well in all directions is said to 22. the length of a ground plane vertical at
Ans: Parallel Resonant be 146 MHz is
Ans: Omnidirectional Ans: 1.6 ft

21. The horizontal radiation pattern of a Solution:

If RL > ZO : 15. A shorted half-wave line at the operating L 468 468  1.6ft.
SWR = RL / ZO = 73 / 50 = 1.46 frequency acts like a(n) 2 2f  2(146)
Ans: Series Resonant Circuit
MHz
9. The most desirable reflection coefficient
23. The impedance of a dipole is about
is 16. A popular half-wavelength antenna is Ans: 73 Ω
Ans: 0 the
Ans: Dipole 24. A direction antenna with two or more
10. A ratio expressing the percentage of
elements is known as a(n)
incident voltage reflected on a 17. The length of a doublet at 27 MHz is Ans: Array
transmission line is know as the Ans: 17.33 ft
Ans: Reflection coefficient
25. The horizontal radiation pattern o a
Solution: vertical dipole is
Ans: circle
33. A wide-bandwidth multielement driven
26. In a Yagi antenna, maximum direction of array is the 41. To increase the transmission distance of
radiation is toward the Ans: Log-periodic a UHF signal, which of the following
Ans: Director should be done?
34. Ground-wave communications is most Ans: Increase antenna height
27. Conductors in multielement antennas effective in what frequency range?
that do not receive energy directly from Ans: 300 kHz to 3 MHz 42. A coax has a velocity factor of 0.68.
the transmission line are known as What is the length of a half wave at 30
Ans: Parasitic elements 35. The ionosphere causes radio signals to MHz?
be Ans: 11.2 ft
28. A coax has an attenuation of 2.4 db per Ans: refracted
100 ft. The attenuation for 275 ft is Solution:
Ans: 6.6 db 36. The ionosphere has its greatest effect

on w frequency MHz
Solution: 2.4db signa ha range?
  275  6.6dB ls in t Ans: 3 to 30
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 13
 2 2fMHz (0.68)f (30)
λ Vp c Vf 2fMHz λ (300) 2
3.28ft  3.4m
 AdB 100 ft 37. The type of radio wave responsible for   3.4m   11.152ft
long-distance communications by 2 1m
29. An antenna has a power gain of 15. The multiple skips is the
power applied to the antenna is 32 W. Ans: Skywave 43. Which transmission line has the lowest
The effective radiated power is attenuation?
Ans: 480 W 38. Microwave signals propagate by way of Ans: Twin lead
the
Solution: Ans: Direct wave 44. Refer to Fig. 9-39. The beam width of
P = GTPT = (15)(32) = 480 W this antenna patter is approximately
39. The line-of-sight communications is not Ans: 60o
30. Which beamwidth represents the best a factor in which frequency range?
antenna directivity Ans: HF 45. A receiver-transmitter station used to
Ans: 7O increase the communications range of
40. A microwave-transmitting antenna is VHF, UHF, and microwave signals is
31. The radiation pattern of collinear and 550 ft high. The receiving antenna is called a(n)
broadside antennas 200 ft high. The maximum transmission Ans: Repeater
Ans: Bidirectional distance is
Ans: 53.2 mi.
32. Which antenna has a unidirectional Chapter 10: Microwave Techniques
radiation pattern and gain Solution:
Ans: Yagi d  2ht  2hr 1. The main benefit of using microwaves is
Ans: More spectrum space
d  2(550 ) 2(400)  53.16mi

2. Radio communications are regulated in c Ans: Frequency multiplier
 3 10 m/s  5.9GHz
8
the United States by the f
Ans: Federal Communications 2Width 2(0.0254) 19. Which diode is a popular microwave
Commission oscillator
5. Which of the following is not a common 7. Stripline and microstrip transmission lines
3. Which of the following is not a microwave application? are usually made with
disadvantage of microwaves? Ans: mobile radio Ans: PCBs
Ans: higher-cost equipment
6. Coaxial cable is not widely used for long 8. The most common cross section of a
4. Which of the following is a microwave microwave transmission lines because wave guide is a
frequency of its Ans: rectangular
Ans: 22 GHz Ans: high loss
9. A rectangular waveguide has a width of
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2 ND
EDITION - FRENZEL 14
 1 in. and a height of 0.6 in. Its cutoff 10. A waveguide has a cutoff frequency of Ans: Gunn
frequency is 17 GHz. Which of the signals will not be
Ans: 5.9 GHz passed by the waveguide? 20. Which type of diode does not ordinarily
Ans: 15 GHz operate with reverse bias
Solution: Ans: Tunnel
1 in = 0.0254 m 11. Signal propagation in a waveguide is by
Ans: Electric and magnetic fields 21. Low-power Gunn diodes are replacing
Ans: Reflex klystrons
12. When the electric field in a waveguide is
perpendicular to the direction of wave 22. Which of the following is not a
propagation, the mode is said to be microwave tube?
Ans: Transverse electric Ans: Cathode-ray tube

13. The dominant mode in most waveguides 23. In a klystron amplifier, velocity
is modulation of the electron beam is
Ans: TE0,1 produced by the
Ans: Buncher cavity
14. A magnetic field is introduced into a
waveguide by a 24. A reflex klystron is used as a(n)
Ans: Probe Ans: Oscillator

15. A half-wavelength, closed section of a 25. For proper operation, a magnetron must
waveguide that acts as a parallel be accompanied by a
resonant circuit is known as a(n) Ans: Permanent magnet
Ans: Cavity resonator
26. The operating frequency of klystrons
16. Decreasing the volume of a cavity and magnetrons is set by the
causes its resonant frequency to Ans: Cavity resonator
Ans: Increase
27. A magnetron is used only as a(n)
17. A popular microwave mixer diode is the Ans: oscillator
Ans: Gunn
28. A common application for magnetrons is
18. Varactor and step-recovery diodes are in
widely used in what type of circuit Ans: Radar
Ans: Bicone
29. In a TWT, the electron beam is density- Solution:
a
TWT 80
modulated by a over
30. The
main a G 
Ans: Helix advant
age of w/λ
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 15
 80  3 108  o 11: Introduction to Sat-Com
 53.33
Chapter
w   1. As the height of a satellite orbit gets
klystron for microwave amplification is 5 109  lower, the speed of the satellite
 
Ans: Wider bandwidth Ans: Increases

31. High-power TWTs are replacing what in 36. The diameter of a parabolic reflector
2. The main functions of a communications
microwave amplifiers? should be at least how many
satellite is a a(a)
Ans: klystrons wavelengths at the operating
Ans: Repeater
frequency?
32. The most widely used microwave Ans: 10
3. The key electronic component in a
antenna is a communications satellite is the
Ans: horn antenna 37. The point where the antenna is mounted
Ans: Transponder
with respect to the parabolic reflector is
33. What happens when a horn antenna is called
4. A circular orbit around the equator with
made longer? Ans: Focal point
a 24 h period is called a(n)
Ans: Gain increases Ans: Geostationary orbit
38. Using a small reflector to beam waves
34. A pyramidal horn used at 5 GHz has an to the larger parabolic reflector is known
5. A satellite stays in orbit because the
aperture that is 7 by 9 cm. The gain is as
following 2 factor are balanced
about Ans: Cassegrain feed
Ans: Gravitational pull and inertia
Ans: 10.5 db
39. Increasing the diameter of a parabolic
6. The height of a satellite in a
Solution: reflector causes which of the following
synchronous equatorial orbit is
 (7)(9)  Ans: Decreasing beamwidth and Ans: 22300 mi
4 (0.5 ) increasing gain
4A 10000
G   
 10.9956 7. Most satellites operate in which
 3 10 8
40. A helical antenna is made up of a coil
λ2  2 9  frequency band?
5 10 Ans:and a
Reflector Ans: 3 GHz to 30 GHz
 
GdB = 10 log 10.9956 = 10.41 dB 8. The main power sources for a satellite
41. The output of a helical antenna is
are
35. Given the frequency and dimensions in Ans: Circularly polarized
Ans: Solar cells
Question 34 above the beamwidth is
about 42. A common omnidirectional microwave
9. The maximum height of an elliptical orbit
Ans: 53o antenna is the
is called
Ans: Apogee subsystems 11. The satellite subsystem that monitors and
Ans: During eclipse periods controls the satellite is the
10. Batteries are used to power all satellite Ans: Telemetry, tracking and command
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 16
subsystem Ans: Klystrons Ans: Digital methods
12. The basic technique used to stabilize a 20. The physical location of a satellite is 3. Which of the following is not primarily a
satellite is determined by its type of data communications
Ans: Spin Ans: Latitude and longtitude Ans: Teletype
13. The jet thrusters are usually fired to 21. The receive GCE system in an earth 4. The main reason that serial
Ans: Maintain altitude station performs what function(s) transmission is preferred to parallel
Ans: Demodulation and demultiplexing transmission is that
14. Most commercial satellite activity occurs Ans: Serial requires multiple channels
in which bands? 22. Which of the following types of HPA is
Ans: C and Ku not used in earth stations 5. Mark and space refer respectively to
Ans: Magnetron Ans: Binary 1 and binary 0
15. How can multiple earth stations share a
satellite on the same frequency 23. A common up-converter and down- 6. The number of amplitude, frequency, or
Ans: Frequency reuse converter IF is phase changes that take place per
Ans: 70 MHz second is known ad the
16. The typical bandwidth of a satellite band Ans: Baud rate
is 24. The type of modulation used on voice
Ans: 500 MHz and video signals is 7. Data transmission of one character at a
Ans: FM time with start and stop bits is known as
17. Which of the following is not usually a what type of transmission?
part of a transponder 25. The modulation normally used with Ans: Asynchronous
Ans: Modulator digital data is
Ans: QPSK 8. The most widely used data
18. The satellite communications channels communications code is
in a transponder are defined by the 26. Which of the following is not a typical Ans: ASCII
Ans: Bandpass filter output from a GPS receiver?
Ans: Speed 9. The ASCII code has
19. The HPAs in most satellites are Ans: 7 bits

---------------------------------------------------------- 10. Digital signals may be transmitted over

Chapter 12: Data Communications
1. Data communications refer to the
transmission of
Ans: Voice, Video, and Computer data
the telephone network if
Ans: they are converted to analog first.
11. Start and stop bits, respectively, are
Ans: Space and mark

2. Data communications uses 12. Which of the following is correct?

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 17
Ans: The bit rate may be greater than the 31. A longitudinal redundancy check
baud rate 23. A synchronous transmission usually produces a(n)
begins with which character? Ans: Block check character
13. A modem converts Ans: SYN
Ans: both analog signals to digital and 32. Dividing the data block by a constant
digital signals to analog signals 24. The characters making up the message produces a remainder that is used for
in a synchronous transmission are error detection. It is called the
14. Slow-speed modems use collectively referred to as a data Ans: CRC
Ans: FSK Ans: Block
33. A CRC generator uses which
15. A carrier recovery circuit is not needed 25. Bit errors in data transmission are components?
with usually cause by Ans: Shift register
Ans: DPSK Ans: Noise
34. Which of the following is not a LAN?
16. The basic modulator and demodulator 26. Which of the following is not a Ans: Cable TV system
circuits in PSK are commonly used method of error
Ans: Balanced modulators detection? 35. The fastest LAN topology is the
Ans: Redundancy Ans: Bus
17. The carrier used with a BPSK
demodulator is 27. Which of the following words has the 36. Which is not a common LAN medium?
Ans: The BPSK signal itself correct parity bit? Assume odd parity. Ans: Twin Lead
The last bit is the parity bit
18. A 9600 baud rate signal can pass over Ans: 1100110 1 37. A mainframe computer connected to
the voice-grade telephone line if which multiple terminals and PCs usually uses
kind of modulation is used? 28. Another name for parity is which configuration?
Ans: QAM Ans: Vertical redundancy check Ans: Star
19. Quadrature amplitude modulation is 29. Ten bit errors occur in two million 38. A small telephone switching system that
Ans: AM plus QPSK transmitted. The bit error rate is can be used as a LAN is called a
Ans: 5 x 10-6 Ans: PBX
20. A QAM modulator does not use a(n)
Ans: XNOR Solution: 39. Which medium is the least susceptible
to noise?
10  5 106
21. A rule or procedure that defines how e2 Ans: Fiber-optic cable
data is to be transmitted is called a(n)
106
Ans: Protocol 40. Which medium is the most widely used
30. The building block of a parity or BCC
in LANs?
generator is a(n)
22. A popular PC protocol is Ans: Twisted pair
Ans: XOR
Ans: Xmodem
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 18
41. Transmitting the data signal directly over S  53. The most critical and difficult part of
 
the medium is referred to as  NdB
 10

 receiving a direct-sequence SS signal is
Ans: Baseband S   Ans: Synchronism
 10 
 630.96
N
42. The techniques of using modulation and BW  10Mbits/s  1.075MHz
FDM to transmit multiple data channels Chapter 13: Fiber Optic Communications
of a common medium is known as log2 1 630.96
Ans: Broadband 1. Which of the following is not a common
46. Which circuit is common to bot application of fiber-optic cable?
43. What is the minimum bandwidth frequency-hopping and direct-sequence Ans: Consumer TV
required to transmit a 56 kbits/s binary SS transmitters?
signal with no noise? Ans: Frequency of operation 2. Total internal reflection takes place if the
Ans: 28 kHz light ray strikes the interface at an angle
47. Spread spectrum stations sharing a with what relationship to the critical
Solution: band are identified by and distinguished angle?
BW = fb/2 = 56 kbits/2 = 28 kHz from one another by Ans: greater than
Ans: PSN code
44. Sixteen different levels (symbols) are 3. The operation of a fiber-optic cable is
used to encode binary data. The 48. The type of modulation most often used based on the principle of
channel bandwidth is 36 MHz. The with direct-sequence SS is Ans: Reflection
maximum channel capacity is Ans: PSK
Ans: 288 Mbits/s 4. Which of the following is not a common
49. The main circuit in a PSN generator is type of fiber-optic cable?
Solution a(n) Ans: Single-mode grade-index
C  2BWlog2M Ans: XOR
C  2(36MHz) (log2 (16))  288 Mbits/s 5. Cable attenuation is usually expressed
50. To a conventional narrowband receiver, in terms of
an SS signal appears to be like Ans: dB/km
45. What is the bandwidth required to Ans: Noise
transmit at a rate of 10Mbits/s in the
6. Which cable length has the highest
presence of a 28-db S/N ratio? 51. Which of the following is not a benefit of attenuation?
Ans: 1.075 MHz SS? Ans: 2 km
Ans: Noise proof
Solution:
7. The upper pulse rate and information-
C = BW log2(1+S/N) 52. Spread spectrum is a form of carrying capacity of a cable is limited by
S/NdB = 10 log (S/N) multiplexing Ans: Attenuation
Ans: true
8. The core of a fiber-optic cable is made
of
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 19
Ans: Glass
9. The core of a fiber-optic cable is
surrounded by
Ans: Cladding
10. The speed of light in plastic compared to
the speed of light in air is
Ans: Less
11. Which of the following is not a major
benefit of fiber-optic cable?
Ans: Lower cost
12. The main benefit of light-wave
communications over microwaves or
any other communications media are
Ans: Wider bandwidth
13. Which of the following is not part of the
optical spectrum
Ans: X-rays
14. The wavelength of visible light extends
from
Ans: 400 to 750 nm
15. The speed of light is
Ans: 300,000,000 m/s
16. Refraction is the
Ans: Bending of light waves
17. The ratio of the speed of light in air to
the speed of light in another substance
is called the
Ans: Index of refraction
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC
18. A popular light wavelength in fiber-optic
cable is 26. Which light emitter is preferred for high-
Ans: 1.3 µm speed data in a fiber-optic system?
Ans: Laser
19. Which type of fiber-optic cable is the
most widely used? 27. Most fiber-optic light sources emit light
Ans: Multimode step-index in which spectrum?
Ans: Visible
20. Which type of fiber-optic cable is best
for very high speed data? 28. Both LEDs and ILDs operate correctly
Ans: Single mode step-index with
Ans: Forward bias
21. Which type of fiber-optic cable has the
least modal dispersion? 29. Single-frequency light is called
Ans: Single mode step-index Ans: Monochromatic
22. Which of the following is not a factor in 30. Laser light is very bright because it is
cable light loss? Ans: Coherent
Ans: Reflection
31. Which of the following is not a common
23. A distance of 8 km is the same as detector?
Ans: 5 mi Ans: Photovoltaic diode
24. A fiber-optic cable has a loss of 15 32. Which of the following is the fastest light
db/km. The attenuation in a cable 1000ft sensor?
long is Ans: Avalanche photodiode
Ans: 4.57 dB
33. Photodiodes operate properly with
Solution: Ans: Reverse bias
1000ft = 0.3048 km
σ  15  0.3048  4.57dB 34. The product of the bit rate and distance
of a fiber-optic system is 2Gbits-km/s.
25. Fiber-optic with attenuations of 1.8, 3.4, What is the maximum rate at 5 km?
5.9 and 18 dB are linked together. The Ans: 400 Mbits/s
total loss is
Ans: 29.1 dB Solution:
Ratemax = 20 Gbits - km/s
Solution: 5km
LossT = 1.8 + 3.4 + 5.9 + 18 = 29.1 dB 400bits/s
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 20
35. Which fiber-optic system is better?
Ans: 3 repeaters
Chapter 14: Modern Comm Apps
1. Printed documents to be transmitted by
fax are converted into a baseband
electrical signal by the process of
Ans: Scanning
2. The most commonly used light sensor in
a modern fax machine is a
Ans: Charge coupled device
3. In FM fax, the frequencies for black and
white are
Ans: 1500 and 2300 Hz
4. Which resolution produces the best
quality fax?
Ans: 400 lines per inch
5. Group 2 fax uses which modulation?
Ans: Vestigial sideband AM
6. The most widely used fax standard is
Ans: Group 3
7. Group 3 fax uses which modulation?
Ans: QAM
8. Most fax printers are of which type?
Ans: Thermal
9. Facsimile standards are set by the
Ans: CCITT
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC
10. What type of graphics is commonly
transmitted by radio fax?
Ans: Satellite weather photos
11. The transmission speed of group 4 fax
is
Ans: 56 kbits/s
12. The master control center for a cellular
telephone system is the
Ans: Mobile telephone switching office
13. Each cell site contains a
Ans: Repeater
14. Multiple cells within an area may use the
same channel frequencies
Ans: True
15. Cellular telephones use which type of
operation?
Ans: Full-duplex
16. The maximum frequency deviation of an
FM cellular transmitter is
Ans: 12 kHz
17. The maximum output power of a cellular
transmitter is
Ans: 3 W
18. Receive channel 22 is 870.66 MHz.
Receive channel 23 is
Ans: 870.69 MHz
Solution:
fCH 23 = fCH 22 + 30 kHz*
fCH 23 = 870.66 MHz + 30 kHz
fCH 23 = 870.69 MHz
COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL
*in cellular radio systems, receive channels
are spaced 30 kHz apart
19. A transmit channel has a frequency of
837.6 MHz. The receive channel
frequency is
Ans: 882.6 MHz
Solution:
freceive = ftransmit + 45 MHz*
freceive = 837.6 MHz + 45 MHz
freceive = 882.6 MHz
*in cellular radio systems, the transmit and
receive frequencies are spaced 30 kHz apart
20. A receive channel frequency is 872.4
MHz. To develop an 82.2 MHz IF, the
frequency synthesizer must supply an
LO signal of
Ans: 954.6 MHz
Solution:
fLO = fr + IF
fLO = 872.4 MHz + 82.2 MHz
fLO = 954.6 MHz
21. The output power of a cellular radio is
controlled by the
Ans: MTSO
22. When the signal from a mobile cellular
unit drops below a certain level, what
action occurs?
Ans: The unit is “handed off” to a closer
cell
23. In a cellular radio, the duplexer is a
Ans: Pair of sharp bandpass filter
21
24. The time from the transmission of a 38. The TV signal uses which types of
radar pulse to its reception is 0.12 ms. 29. The Doppler Effect is a change in what modulation for picture and sound
The distance to the target is how many signal characteristic produced by respectively?
nautical miles? relative motion between the radar set Ans: AM, FM
Ans: 9.7 nmi and a target?
Ans: Frequency 39. If a TV sound transmitter has a carrier
Solution: frequency of 197.75 MHz, the picture
T 120µ2
D= 30. The most widely used radar transmitter carrier is
12.36 12.36  9.7nmi

component is a Ans: 193.25 MHz
Ans: Magnetron
25. The ability of a radar to determine the Solution:
bearing to a target depends upon the 31. Low-power radar transmitters and SCARRIER = PCARRIER + 4.5 MHz
Ans: Antenna directivity receiver LOs use which component? PCARRIER = SCARRIER - 4.5 MHz
Ans: Gunn diode PCARRIER = 197.75 MHz - 4.5 MHz
26. The pulse duration of a radar signal is PCARRIER = 193.25 MHz
600 ns. The PRF is 185 pulses per 32. What component in a duplexer protects
second. The duty cycle is the receiver from the high-power 40. The total bandwidth of an NTSC TV
Ans: 1.1 % transmitter output? signal is
Ans: Spark gap Ans: 6 MHz
Solution:
33. Most radar antennas usa a 41. What is the total number of interlaced
PRT = 1 1  5.405ms Ans: Horn and parabolic reflector scan lines in one complete frame of a
PRF  185 NTSC U.S. TV signal?
Duty Cycle PWT 34. The most common radar display is the Ans: 525
= PRT Ans: Plan position indicator
42. What keeps the scanning process at the
35. A radar antenna using multiple dipoles receiver in step with the scanning in the
600ns
Duty Cycle  100  0.0111 or slot antennas in a matrix with variable picture tube at receiver?
5.405ms phase shifters is called a(n) Ans: Sync pulses
= Ans: Phased array
27. The Doppler effect is used to produce measured?
modulation of which type of radar Ans: Speed 36. Police radars use which technique?
signal? Ans: CW (Continuous-wave)
Ans: CW (Continuous-wave)
37. Which of the following is a typical radar
28. The Doppler Effect allows which operating frequency?
characteristics of a target to be Ans: 10 GHz
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 22
43. What is the black-and-white or Ans: Luminance Y imaging device used int TV cameras
monochrome brightness signal in TV that converts the light in a scene into an
called 44. What is the name of the solid-state electrical signal?
Ans: CCD Ans: Lower-cost reception

45. The I and Q composite color signals are

multiplexed onto the picture carrier by
modulating a 3.58 MHz subcarrier using
Ans: DSB AM

46. The assembly around the neck of a

picture tube that produces the magnetic
fields that deflect and scan the electron
beams is called the
Ans: Yoke

47. The picture and sound carrier

frequencies in a TV receiver IF are
respectively
Ans: 45.75 and 41.25 MHz

48. The sound IF in a TV receiver is

Ans: 41.25 MHz

49. What type of circuit is used to modulate

and demodulate the color signals?
Ans: Balanced demodulator

50. What circuit in the TV receiver is used to

develop the high voltage needed to
operate the picture tube?
Ans: horizontal output

51. What ensures proper color

synchronization at the receiver?
Ans: 3.58 MHz color burst

52. Which of the following is not a benefit of

cable TV?
©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 23
53. W ds of TV signals to share a common
h cable?
a Ans: FDM
t

t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e

i
s

u
s
e
d

t
o

p
e
r
m
i
t

h
u
n
d
r
e

©2008 Created by Kai Raimi – BHC COMMUNICATION ELECTRONIC 2ND EDITION - FRENZEL 24