EEE4016 Electric Vehicles

Contents

Syllabus

Objective

Course Outcomes

Student Learning Outcomes

J component information

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Objective
• This course introduces the fundamental concepts, principles, analysis
and design of hybrid electric vehicles.
 Expected Outcomes
• On completion of the course the student will be able to:
• Infer the conventional vehicles performance.
• Infer the hybrid electric vehicles and its impact on environment
• Analyze the various hybrid vehicle configurations and its performance.
• Interpret the electric components used in hybrid and electric vehicles
• Design and Select of sizing the drive systems.
• Choose proper energy storage systems for vehicle applications
• Identify various communication protocols and technologies used in vehicle
networks
• Design a component or a product applying all the relevant standards with
realisticconstraints.
Student Learning Outcomes
• Student Learning Outcomes (SLO): 1,2,5,13
• SLO_01 (PO_01)*: Having an ability to apply mathematics and science
in engineering applications
• SLO_02 (PO_02): Having a clear understanding of the subject related
concepts and of contemporary issues and apply them to identify,
formulate and analyse complex engineering problems
• SLO_05 (APO_03): Having design thinking capability
• SLO_13 (PO_09): Having cross cultural competency exhibited by
working as a member or in teams
Syllabus
Syllabus
Books
J Component
Sample Project Titles
Internal Assessment for theory

DA1 – 10 marks

DA2 – 10 marks

DA3 – 10 marks

CAT 1 – 15 marks

CAT 2 – 15 marks

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DA1—Last date August 10

Literature Review on the j comp title

Doc with 25 references in IEEE format

Papers must be not earlier than two/three years

Do not copy paste please do it on your own turn it

in will be checked

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DA2 Last date August 31

Read those papers collected in DA1

PPT with What is the State of art in that area

Preferably include pictorial view or tabular mode of the

data collected from those papers must be in PPT

Now from those papers identify the scope for improvement

in design or tool or any idea (include this also in PPT)

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DA3 Last date September

Now formulate the possible work flow

methodology for the idea framed in DA2

PPT with methodology

Do not copy paste please do it on your

own turn it in will be checked

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Contents

Introduction to ICEV

Challenges and Constrains

Why EV and what is EV?

History of EV and present EVs in market

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Introduction to conventional vehicles

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Introduction to conventional vehicles

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Introduction to conventional vehicles

 Hydrocarbon-fueled ICEs are the power plant of choice for vehicles in the power
range from 5 Watts to 100,000,000 Watts, and have been for 100 years

Working of ICE

• Definition of an ICE: a heat engine in which the heat source is a combustible mixture
that also serves as the working fluid
• The working fluid in turn is used either to
• Produce shaft work by pushing on a piston or turbine blade that in turn drives a rotating
shaft or
• Creates a high-momentum fluid that is used directly for propulsive force

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Poll
• Whether Steam power plant is an ICE---Yes or No
 What is / is not an ICE?
IS IS NOT
• Gasoline-fueled • Steam power plant
reciprocating piston engine
• Solar power plant
• Diesel-fueled reciprocating
• Nuclear power plant
piston engine
• Gas turbine
• Rocket

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ICE family tree
Internal Combustion Engines
Steady
Gas Turbine
Uses compressor and turbine,
not piston-cylinder
Turboshaft
All shaft work to drive propeller,
generator, rotor (helicopter)
Turbofan
Part shaft, part jet -
"ducted propeller"
Turbojet
All jet except for work needed to
drive compressor
Ramjet
No compressor or turbine
Use high Mach no. ram effect for compression
Rocket
Carries both fuel and oxidant
Jet power only, no shaft work
Solid fuel
Fuel and oxidant are premixed
and put inside combustion chamber
Liquid fuel
Fuel and oxidant are initially separated
and pumped into combustion chamber
Non-steady
Premixed-charge
Fuel and air are mixed before/during compression
Usually ignited with spark after compression
Two-stroke
One complete thermodynamic cycle
per revolution of engine
Four-stroke
One complete thermodynamic cycle
per two revolutions of engine
Non-premixed charge
Only air is compressed,
fuel is injected into cylinder after compression
Two-stroke
One complete thermodynamic cycle
per revolution of engine
Four-stroke
One complete thermodynamic cycle
per two revolutions of engine
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Challenges and Constrains

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Why EV?

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 Common Electric Vehicle Myths
MYTH: Plug-in electric vehicles can MYTH: Plug-in electric vehicles aren’t
only support short trips, not daily “clean.” Instead of burning gas, they
commutes. run off of dirty power plants.
FACT: The average is 40 miles or less,
FACT: Even when emissions from
and most full battery electric vehicles
power plants are taken into
are targeting close to 100-mile range
consideration, electric vehicles
on a full charge, and with plug-in
contribute significantly less green
hybrid electric vehicles, you can go
house gases than traditional cars.
even further up to 300 miles or more.

MYTH: Electric vehicles will make your MYTH: Electric vehicles are far more
energy bill go way up. expensive than the average car.

FACT: Federal tax incentives are

FACT: Slightly higher electric bills are
available, up to $7,500 as well as
offset by savings at the gas pump.
possible state and local incentives.
This would be like filling up for a few
Compared to gas-powered cars, you
cents per mile, compared to the
will save on fuel, maintenance and
average 14 cents for a traditional car.
repair costs.
The Need for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
• The large number of automobiles in use
around the world has caused and continues to
cause serious problems for the environment
and human life.
• The vast majority of fuels used for
transportation are liquid fuels originating from
petroleum. Petroleum is a fossil fuel, resulting
from the decomposition of living matters that
were imprisoned millions of years ago
 Socio economical importance

• Air pollution, global warming, and the rapid depletion of the

Earth’s petroleum resources are now problems of paramount
concern
Sale of classical cars
Crude oil consumption
Global consumption
EPC
 Air Pollution

• At present, all vehicles rely on the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels to derive the energy necessary
for their propulsion.
•Combustion is a reaction between the fuel and the air that releases heat and combustion products. The
heat is converted to mechanical power by an engine and the combustion products are released into the
atmosphere.
• A hydrocarbon is a chemical compound with molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
•Ideally, the combustion of a hydrocarbon yields only carbon dioxide and water, which do not harm the
environment. Indeed, green plants “digest” carbon dioxide by photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is a
necessary ingredient in vegetal life. Animals do not suffer from breathing carbon dioxide unless its
concentration in air is such that oxygen is almost absent.
•Actually, the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in combustion engines is never ideal.
•Besides carbon dioxide and water, the combustion products contain a certain amount of nitrogen
oxides (NOx), carbon monoxides (CO), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC), all of which are toxic to human
health.
 Nitrogen Oxides
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx) result from the reaction between nitrogen in the air and oxygen.
Theoretically, nitrogen is an inert gas. However, the high temperatures and pressures in
engines create favorable conditions for the formation of nitrogen oxides.
•Temperature is the most important parameter in nitrogen oxide formation. The most
commonly found nitrogen oxide is nitric oxide (NO), although small amounts of nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) and traces of nitrous oxide (N2O) are also present.
•Nitrogen dioxide is partly responsible for smog; its brownish colour makes smog visible.
• It also reacts with atmospheric water to form nitric acid (HNO3), which dilutes in rain. This
phenomenon is referred to as “acid rain” and is responsible for the destruction of forests in
industrialized countries.
•Acid rain also contributes to the degradation of historical monuments made of marble.
 Carbon Monoxide

• Carbon monoxide results from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons due to a lack of
oxygen.
•It is a poison to human and animal beings that breathe it. Once carbon monoxide reaches the
blood cells, it fixes to the hemoglobin
•thus diminishing the quantity of oxygen that reaches the organs and reducing the physical and
mental abilities of affected living beings.
•Dizziness is the first symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning, which can rapidly lead to death.
•Carbon monoxide binds more strongly to hemoglobin than oxygen. The bonds are so strong
that normal body functions cannot break them.
•Persons intoxicated by carbon monoxide must be treated in pressurized chambers, where the
pressure makes the carbon monoxide–hemoglobin bonds easier to break.
 Global warming

• Global warming is a result of the “greenhouse effect” induced by the presence of carbon dioxide and
other gases, such as methane, in the atmosphere.
•These gases trap the Sun’s infrared radiation reflected by the ground, thus retaining the energy in the
atmosphere and increasing the temperature. An increased Earth temperature results in major ecological
damages to its ecosystems and in many natural disasters that affect human populations.
•the disappearance of some endangered species is a concern because it destabilizes the natural
resources that feed some populations. There are also concerns about the migration of some species
from warm seas to previously colder northern seas, where they can potentially destroy indigenous
species and the economies that live off those species.
•Natural disasters command our attention more than ecological disasters because of the amplitude of
the damage they cause. Global warming is believed to have induced meteorological phenomena which
disturbs the South-Pacific region and regularly causes tornadoes, inundations, and dryness.
•The melting of the polar icecaps, another major result of global warming, raises the sea level which can
affect coastal regions, and sometimes of entire countries
What is EV?

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History of EV

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History of EV

Ford Electric #2 Detroit Electric

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EV trend

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Ather 450 E_scooter
OEM EV’s (you may have heard of some of
these):
• GM EV1
OEM EV’s:
• Solectria Force
OEM EV’s
• Corbin Sparrow PTV
Hobbyists?
• The hobbyist says “If I can’t buy one, I’ll build my
own…
• Honda Civic
More Hobbyist EV’s
• My Escort
More hobbyist EV’s
• Ford Ranger
Model View
Global Projection
Country wise projection
EV Car Market in India