School of Computing, Information and

Mathematical Sciences

MA102: Mathematics for Science

Week 5: Lectures

TT 1
 Implicit Differentiation

TT 2
…continued..

TT 3
 Summary steps

1. Differentiate both sides with respect to 𝑥.

2. Collect the terms with 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 on one side of
the equation.
3. Factor out 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥.
4. Solve for 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥 by dividing.

TT 4
 Example 1:
dy
a) Find if x  y  25
2 2

dx
b) Find an equation of the tangent to the
circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25 at the point (3, 4).

TT 5
 Solution: (a) Apply Implicit Differentiation

x 2  y 2  25
d 2
dx
 x  y    25 
2 d
dx
d 2
dx
 x  y   0
d 2
dx
dy
2x  2 y 0
dx
dy
2y  2 x
dx
dy x

TT
dx 6
y
b) Find an equation of the tangent to the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25
at the point (3, 4).

Solution:
At (3,4),
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 3
=− =− =𝑚
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 4

Thus, the equation of the tangent line at (3,4) is

3
𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥1 ⇒ 𝑦 − 4 = − 𝑥 − 3
4
3 25
𝑦= − 𝑥 + .
4 4
OR
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 25

TT 7
 𝑑𝑦
Example 2: Find if 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = 6𝑥𝑦.
𝑑𝑥
Solution: d 3
dx
 x    y   6  xy 
d 3
dx
d
dx
2 dy  dy 
3x  3 y
2
 6 y  x 
dx  dx 
2 dy dy
3x  3 y
2
 6 y  6x
dx dx

 3 y 2
 6 x  dx  6 y  3x 2
dy

dy 6 y  3x 2
 2
dx 3 y  6 x
2 y  x2
 2
y  2x
TT 8
 Activities
 Use the implicit differentiation to find an equation
of the tangent line to the given curve at the given
point.

A)

B)

TT 9
 Logarithmic differentiation

The method of using the properties of

logarithms to find the derivative of tedious
algebraic functions.

TT 10
 Properties of Logarithms
ln1  0
ln  x. y   ln x  ln y
x
ln    ln x  ln y
 y
ln x n  n ln x Note
ln x   ln x 
n
1
n
ln     ln x
 x

TT 11
 STEPS
 Step 1

 Step 2

 Step 3

TT 12
 Example 1: Differentiate 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 , 𝑥 > 0.
Solution:
Recall the logarithmic differentiation technique.
y  xx
ln y  x ln x
d d
 
ln y   x ln x 
dx dx
apply product rule
1 dy
 ln x  1
y dx
dy
 y  ln x  1
dx
 x x  ln x  1
TT 13
 Example 2: Differentiate 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 5 𝑥4 − 3 6 .
First we take natural logarithms, then we differentiate implicitly with respect to x
y  (2 x  1)5  x 4  3
6

ln y  ln (2 x  1)5  x 4  3 
6

 
 ln(2 x  1)  ln  x  3
5 4 6

 5ln(2 x  1)  6 ln  x 4  3
d
dx
d
(ln y )   5ln(2 x  1)  
dx
d
dx

6 ln  x 4  3 
1 dy 5 6
 (2)  4 (4 x3 )
y dx 2 x  1 x 3
dy  10 24 x3 
 y  4 
dx  2x 1 x  3 
6  10 24 x3 
 (2 x  1)  x  3 
5 4
 4 
 2x 1 x  3 
TT 14
 5x  2
Example 3: Differentiate y
First we take natural logarithms, (2 x  3) 4
5x  2
y
(2 x  3) 4
 5x  2 
ln( y )  ln  
4 
 ln(5 x  2)1/2
 ln(2 x  3) 4

 (2 x  3) 
1
 ln(5 x  2)  4 ln(2 x  3)
2
now we differentiate implicitly with respect to x

 ln( y)    ln(5 x  2)    4 ln(2 x  3) 

d d 1 d
dx dx  2  dx
1 dy 1 4
 (5)  (2)
y dx 2(5 x  2) 2x  3
dy  5 8   5x  2   5 8 
 y  
  4 

  2(5 x  2) 2 x  3 
dx  2(5 x  2) 2 x  3   (2 x  3)  
TT 15
 Activities

x  x  1
2 5
1.
y
 x  2  x  4 
3

TT 16