MADDELA MARVELOUS GRACE CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

National Highway, Buenavista, Maddela, Quirino

BUSINESS
MATHEMATICS

Module
4

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09362827176 Jerome Martin Alcantara
 BUSINESS
MATHEMATIC
S

Module 2 TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1.Compare and differentiate
ratio and rate

2.Write proportions
illustrating real-life

QUARTER 1 situations

3.Identify the different kinds

of proportion and give
examples for each

RATIO AND 4.Solve problems involving

direct, inverse and partitive
proportion
PROPORTIO
N
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Buenavista, Maddela, Quirino 09362827176 Jerome Martin Alcantara

 MODULE 2:
RATIO AND PROPORTION

Before you study this module, aim to download and read What is a fraction?
www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/midbins/keystage3/ma_fraction000602.PDF.The topic of ratio and proportion is a
key aspect of the number curriculum in Key Stage. It addresses ideas that permeate all branches of
mathematics and has many applications in other subjects.
• Ratio is a way of comparing two or more quantities measured in the same units –the quantities may
be separate entities or they may be different parts of a whole.
• The definition of proportion given here, ‘an equality of ratios’, is an essentialmathematical term.
Often we use the same word to refer to a fractional part of awhole (for example, the proportion of pupils in a
class who are absent). This cansometimes be a source of confusion.
If two ordered sets of numbers {a, b, c, …} and {q, r, s, …} are such that
a : q = b : r = c : s = … (or aqbrc= = s =K), then the two ordered sets are said to be indirect proportion.

EXPLORE

Express the following in terms of RATIO.

A. A store has 3 flavors of ice cream; 4 strawberry, 6 mango, and 11 chocolate ice creams
B. A bookstore sells the following : pencil which costs Php 16, pad paper at Php 44 and eraser at Php
12.
C. In selling personalized cakes, the cost of packaging is Php 60 and the cost of ingredients is Php
340.

Express the following RATIO as fraction, decimal and percent.

a. 1:4
b. 2:5
c. 1;8
FIRM UP

TYPES OF PROPORTION
Direct proportion – two variables, say x and y, varying such that as x increases, y also increases or as
x decreases, y also decreases proportionally; that is, the ratio is always the same. The same holds true with
the ratio . x y y x
Indirect/Inverse – two variables, say x and y, varying such that as x increases, y decreases, or as x
decreases, y increases proportionally; that is, the product of x and y is always the same.

Partitive proportion – a whole is divided into more than two parts.

Example 1:
Two boxes of chocolates cost PhP180. How much do 7 boxes of chocolates cost?
Solution: The more the boxes, the higher the cost; that is, both quantities are increasing. We have a
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Buenavista, Maddela, Quirino 09362827176 Jerome Martin Alcantara

 direct proportion. The ratio is always the same. That is, = Substituting the
no. of box no. of box no. of box
cost cost cost

given values, we have

= cost = = P 1802 cost
7 180 x 7
2 630

DEEPEN

Compute for the answer.

1. Forty liters of water is transferred into 3 containers in the ratio 1:3:4. How much water is in each
container?
2. If nine men take 15 days to assemble 18 machines, how many days will it take 20 men to assemble
60 machines?

TRANSFER

1. To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers are needed. If it is required to finish the same job in 2
days advance, how many workers have to work?

2. A supply of food lasts for a week for 20 families. How long would the supply last if 3 more
families have to be supplied?
3. A deceased person stated in his testament that his 30-hectare land be divided among his three
children using 1:2:3 partition, the oldest getting the biggest share. How much did the second child receive?
4. The ratio of cups of water to cups of sugar in a menu is 3:1: .if this is just for one serving, how
much of each is needed for a menu that makes 5 servings?

REFERENCES AND WEBSITE LINKS USED IN THIS MODULE

Books:
• Pre-Algebra (Prentice Hall Mathematics);
• New Mathematics Counts (Marshall Cavendish Education);
• McKeague, Charles P., Prealgebra,
• Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont California, 2nd ed. (1992)
• Sample bills, receipts
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Buenavista, Maddela, Quirino 09362827176 Jerome Martin Alcantara