PROJECT ON REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

To be submitted by:

ASUNCION, Francis John B.

To be submitted to:

ENGR. Jenalyn Columna

ANALYZING BEAM SECTIONS
FROM ACI BUILDING CODE CHAPTER 9

9.1.1 This chapter shall apply to the design of nonprestressed and prestressed beams including:

(a) Composite beams of concrete elements constructed in separate placements but connected
so that all elements resist loads as a unit

(b) One-way joist systems in accordance with 9.8

(c) Deep beams in accordance with 9.9

From 9.2.3.1

If a beam is not continuously laterally braced , (a) and (b) shall be satisfied:

(a) Spacing of lateral bracing shall not exceed to 50 times the least width of compression
flange or face.
(b) Spacing of lateral bracing shall take into account effects of eccentric loads.

From 9.2.3.2

In pre stressed beams, buckling of thin webs and flanges shall be considered, if there is
intermittent contact between pre-stressed reinforcement and an oversize duct, member
buckling between contact points shall be considered.

In post-tensioned members where the pre-stressed reinforcement has intermittent contact

with an oversize duct, the member can buckle due to axial pre-stressing force, as the member
can deflect laterally while the pre-stressed reinforcement does not. If the pre-stressed
reinforcement is continuous contact with the member being pre-stressed or is part of an
unbonded tendon with the sheathing not excessively larger than the pre-stressed
reinforcement, the pre-stressing force cannot buckle the member.
DESIGNING BEAM SECTIONS

9.3 Design limits

9.3.1.1 For non pre-stressed beams not supporting or attached to partitions or other
construction likely to be damaged by large deflections, overall beam depth h shall satisfy
the limits in the table above, unless the calculated deflection limits of 9.3.2 are satisfied

R9.3.2.2 The limits in the table apply to the entire dept of non pre-stressed composite beams
shored during construction so that, after removal of temporary supports, the dead load is
resisted by the full composite section. In unshored construction, the beam depth of concerned
depends on if the deflection being considered occurs before or after the attainment of effective
composite action.

Additional deflections due to excessive creep and shrinkage caused by premature

loading should be considered. This is especially important at early ages when the moisture
content is high and the strength is low.

The transfer of horizontal shear by direct bond is important if excessive deflection from
slippage is to be prevented. Shear keys provide a means of transferring shear but will not be
engaged until slippage occurs.

9.3.1.1.2 For non pre-stressed beams made of lightweight concrete having 𝑤𝑐 in the range of
1440 to 1840 kg/m3 , the expressions in Table 9.3.1.1 shall be multiplied by the greater of (a)
and (b):

(a) 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒘𝒄
(b) 1.09

9.3.1.1.3 For non pre-stressed composite beams made of a combination of lightweight and
normal weight concrete, shored during construction, and where the lightweight concrete is in
compression, the modifier of 9.3.1.1.2 shall apply.

COMPUTATION FOR THE SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

10.6.2 Minimum shear reinforcement 10.6.2.1 A minimum area of shear reinforcement,
𝑨𝒗,𝒎𝒊𝒏, shall be provided in all regions where 𝑽𝒖 > 𝟎. 𝟓𝝓𝑽𝒄 .

10.6.2.2 If shear reinforcement is required 𝑨𝒗,𝒎𝒊𝒏 shall be the greater of (a) and (b).

(a) 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐√𝒇𝒄′ 𝒃𝒘𝒔 𝒇𝒚𝒕

(b) 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 𝒃𝒘𝒔 𝒇𝒚𝒕

21.2 – Strength reduction factors for structural concrete members and
connections 21.2.1 Strength reduction factors 𝝓 shall be in accordance with Table
21.2.1, except as modified by 21.2.2, 21.2.3, and 21.2.4.
21.2 – Strength reduction factors for structural concrete members and connections 21.2.1
Strength reduction factors 𝝓 shall be in accordance with Table 21.2.1, except as modified by
21.2.2, 21.2.3, and 21.2.4.

22.5 One-way shear strength

22.5.1.1 Nominal one-way shear strength at a section V n, shall be calculated by:

V n=V c +V s
R22.5.1.1 in a member without a shear reinforcement, shear is assumed to be provided by the
concrete and the remainder by the shear reinforcement.

The shear strength provided by concrete, V c is attributed to aggregate interlock, dowel

action, and the shear transmitted across the concrete compression zone.

The shear strength is based on a average shear stress over the effective cross section,
bw d.

Chapter 23 of ACI code allows the use of strut-and-tie models in the shear design of any
structural concrete member or discontinuity region in a member. Sectional shear design
procedures are acceptable in B-regions.

ANALYSIS OF COLUMNS
FROM ACI BUILDING CODE CHAPTER 10

10.1.1 This chapter shall apply to the design of nonprestressed, prestressed, and composite
columns, including reinforced concrete pedestals.

R10.2.2.1 Composite columns include both structural steel sections encased in concrete and
hollow structural steel sections filled with concrete. Reference to other metals used for
reinforcement has been omitted because they are seldom used in concrete construction.

FROM CHAPTER 15 BEAM COLUMN AND SLAB COLUMN JOINTS

15.2.2 If gravity load, wind, earthquake, or other lateral forces cause transfer of moments at
beam-column or slab-column joints, the shear resulting from moment transfer shall be
considered in the design of the joint.

15.2.3 Beam-column and slab-column joints that transfer moment to columns shall satisfy the
detailing provisions in 15.4. Beam-column joints within special moment frames, and beam-
column and slab- column joints in frames not designed as part of the seismic-force-resisting
systems in structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F shall chapter 18.

DESIGN OF COLUMNS
10.1.2 Design of plain concrete pedestals shall be in accordance with Chapter 14.

10.2.2 Composite Columns

 10.2.2.1 If a structural steel shape, pipe, or tubing is used as longitudinal reinforcement, the
column shall be designed as a composite column.

10.3 Design limits

10.3.1.1 For columns with a square, octagonal, or other shaped across section, it shall be
permitted to base gross area considered, required reinforcement, and design strength on a
circular section with a diameter of equal to the least lateral dimension of the actual shape.

10.3.1.3 For columns built monolithically with a concrete wall, the outer limits of the effective
cross section shall not be taken greater than 40mm outside the transverse reinforcement.

10.3.1.4 For columns with two or more interlocking spirals, the outer limits of the effective
cross section shall be taken at a distance outside the spirals equal to the minimum required
concrete cover.

10.3.1.5 If a reduced effective area is considered according to 10.3.1.1 through 10.3.1.4,

structural analysis and design of other parts of the structure that interact with the column shall
be based on the actual cross section.

10.3.1.6 For composite columns with a concrete core encased by structural steel, the thickness
of the steel encasement shall be at least (a) or (b).

(a) 𝒃√ 𝒇𝒚 𝟑𝑬𝒔 for each face of width 𝒃

(b) 𝒉√ 𝒇𝒚 𝟖𝑬𝒔 for circular sections of diameter h