2017 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT)
An Extensive Research Survey on Brain MRI
Enhancement, Segmentation and Classification
Harish S G.F Ali Ahammed
Research Scholar, VTU PG-Center,
VTU, Belagavi, India Mysuru, India
harishsrinivasaiah@gmail.com aliahammed78@gmail.com
Abstract—The brain is considered a main important part
of human body as it participate to control all the activities of
human. Under some unhealthy conditions the abnormal and
uncontrolled growth of tissue may take place which is un-
natural process. This kind of process taking place in human
brain is referred as “brain tumor”. The brain tumor may be
of cancerous (malignant) or may be of non-cancerous
(Benign) and its detection is a very much important to
reduced the death rate of humans suffering from tumor. The
detection of brain tumor can be performed by using various
image processing techniques like brain magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT),
Electroencephalography (EEG), Positron Emission
Tomography (PET), Magneto Encephalography (MEG) etc.
Among these techniques the brain MRI is widely adopted in
the world due to its significant features. But to detect tumor
in the brain MRI, the processes like preprocessing,
segmentation and classification are must. This paper deals
with the various aspects of the brain tumor detection. The
paper discusses the significant researches which are meant
for brain tumor detection through MRI quality
enhancement, MRI segmentation and MRI classification (as
cancerous or not). The outcome of the paper discussed that
there were no proper researches are performed to detect the
brain tumor, focused on good quality of image, less
researches on segmentation and classification of brain
tumor. Finally the paper gives the future research scope to
overcome the addressed research gap.
Keywords— Brain, Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MRI), Segmentation, Brain Tumor classification.
I. INTRODUCTION
Brain is the most essential part of the body which
controls the all the activities through neural system. Each
part of brain holds particular functionality of body but
under some circumstances the these brain parts grows
abnormally which leads to the improper functionality of
the body. This kind of abnormality in brain is known as
"brain tumor" which is group of abnormal cells growing
within the brain or around the brain. The brain tumor
mainly of benign or malignant where benign tumor is non-
cancerous while malignant is cancerous. Generally, the
brain tumor occurs in children’s as well as in adults. A
research survey has addressed, in children’s the 1/4th of
brain tumors are the reason for all cancer deaths. The
research foundation on brain tumor has stated that the
most of the developed countries are facing the higher
death rate due to cancer since last three decades. The early
investigation of brain tumor is more motivational for
further research. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
of brain gives the better visual of tumor but for treatment
978-1-5386-2361-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
Reshma Banu SMIEEE
Department of ISE,
GSSSIETW, Mysuru, India
reshma127banu@gmail.com
the physician needs the tumor area quantification. The
trend of image processing mechanism and computer
technology which gives great extent of tumor area
analysis.
The recent years has witnessed the advancement of
medical imaging techniques which are accepted in
surgical planning, longitudinal (time series) analysis,
surgical guidelines and computer based pathologies
diagnosis. In neuroscience and neurosurgery, the brain
MRI is widely accepted imaging technique. The MRI of
brain gives a perfect visualization of brain anatomic
structures like deep structures, brain tissues by generating
the 3D image. But for segmentation and detection of brain
tumor more number of MRI scans are need to be taken for
each patient. Thus to overcome the problem of manual
segmentation the computer based train tumor
segmentation and detection is required. To overcome this,
many numbers of mechanisms were presented but there is
no such automated mechanism is found by doctors as per
the accuracy and robustness is concerned. The artificial
intelligences mechanisms like Digital Image Processing
(DIP) are found cooperative with machine learning, fuzzy
logic and pattern recognition in imaging techniques.
The non-invasive brain imaging techniques for brain
tumor diagnosis using MRI found more useful as it gives
better soft tissue contrast and which is available in clinics.
This techniques is widely used in combination with the
other imaging mechanisms like Computed Tomography
(CT), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to give the exact
information of tumor metabolism and morphology. More
prominently, the PET imaging gives the additional
information.
This paper intended to perform the extensive survey
on brain tumor MRI enhancement, segmentation and
classification techniques. Also the paper discusses the
existing researches in brain tumor detection. This paper is
planned according to the below sections: Section II
discusses the background of brain , risk factor of brain
tumor. Section III explains the process model of brain
tumor detection. The Section IV is illustrated to know the
concept of brain imaging and its quality enhancement
techniques. While the Section V idealized with brain MRI
segmentation by using different techniques. The Section
VI discusses the prominent existing researches towards
the brain tumor detection. The next, section VII gives the
current research gap in brain tumor detection. The
existing statistical studies are discussed in Section VIII by
surveying IEEE Xplore publication. The final conclusive
points of the paper are given in Section IX.
II. BACKGROUND
This section discusses the conceptual details of the
brain and tumor in brain.
A. Brain
The human body contains the important functional
organ called “brain”, which is soft in nature composed of
mass of spongy tissues [6]. The brain is protected with the
bones of skull, three thin tissue (meninges) layers,
cerebrospinal fluid (watery fluid) which flows through
space among meninges and ventricles. The Figure.1
indicates the brain structure. The brain charges the
multiple functions at a time i.e., breathing, walking, sight,
hearing, smell, taste etc. The nerve system of brain carries
the messages among brain and other parts of the brain.
Figure.1. Functional structure of brain [7]
The abnormal growth of the cells in brain tissues are
said to be “brain tumor”. The classification of brain tumor
can be mentioned as non cancerous (benign) and
cancerous (malignant). The benign brain tumors will have
defined border while malignant brain tumors will not have
defined borders [2]. Through surgery the benign tissues
can be easily removed but these tissues will come back.
The benign tumors are not considered as major health
concern even they can cause the problem to other body
cells [5]. While the malignant tumors are the major
concern of health as it spread to other body parts. The
brain tumor symptoms may vary as per the tumor type and
it location. The different functional areas of the brain
control the different parts of the body and hence the
symptoms vary [1-4]. Some type of the tumors will not
have any symptoms until the tissues of that tumor become
larger and cause serious health issues. While some kind of
tumors exhibit symptom which take place very slowly.
Headache is the common symptom of brain tumor but
they don’t cure from usual medicine for headache. Also,
most of the headaches are not the part of brain tumor [1,3,
4].
B. Risk factor of brain tumor
Even the cause for the tumor is not clear but the
clinicians have insisted some of the risk factors (age,
radiation exposure and family history) of brain tumor
which can be the major reason for cancer [8].
i. Age: The risk factor of the brain tumor may increases
with age and is of high rate in older adults. Even
the brain tumor may occur at any age. Some kind
of tumors can also take place in children more
extensively.
ii. Exposure to radiation: Some brain tumor may take
place among the peoples who are expensed to
ionizing radiations.
iii. Family history: Some type of tumors may take place
due to genetic history of family.
III. BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
Nowadays, brain tumor is major cause of highest death
in the world. The proper diagnosis or brain tumor can
make easy to save the patient life to some extent [1]. The
brain MRI is most commonly used techniques for brain
tumor detection. There are mainly four basic steps in brain
tumor detection [9, 10, and 11] as shown in Figure. 2.
A. Pre-processing:
Preprocessing gives the finer image from raw MRI
image. So preprocessing is directly related to the quality
of segmentation result. These pre-processing operations
include de-noising, skull-stripping, image enhancement
etc.[10].
B. Feature Extraction:
This method helps to transform an image into its set of
features [9,10, 11]. To segment the brain tumor
accurately, feature extraction is the fundamental task. For
medical images, important features are texture, color,
shape, intensity etc.
C. Segmentation:
Segmentation is the method to differentiate the
abnormal brain tissues i.e. active cells, necrotic core, and
edema from normal brain tissues. Based on the
requirement of human interaction brain tumor
segmentation methods classified into three main types that
includes manual, semi automatic and fully automatic
segmentation [9,10, 11]. For tumor detection various
segmentation methods available that includes intensity
based methods, region based methods, asymmetry based
methods and machine learning techniques. The
segmentation problem can also be considered as a
classification problem for classifying normal tissue and
abnormal tissue from brain MRI parts, for classification of
brain tumor various machine learning techniques can be
used [9, 10, 11].
Figure.2. Basic Steps in Brain Tumor Detection
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D. Post-Processing:
This includes various post processing technique for
better result such as spatial regularization, shape
constraints and local constraints [9,10, 11]. This process
will provide the image of brain with clear visual of tumor
area. The post processed image is used for the analysis
and detection of brain tumor.
IV. BRAIN TUMOR IMAGING AND ITS ENHANCEMENT
TECHNIQUES
The medical imaging is the important procedural
method which helps in diagnosis of any disease. The
interest towards the use of medical imaging concept in
tumor detection has been increased in recent past. In case
of brain cancer detection, the localization of brain
structure is the biggest challenge [12]. The localization
process also takes more time to detect and localize the
malignant cell through 2D images. Even the 3D view of
image is also difficult to localize. The use of image
processing technique helps to enhance the information’s
in the 2D and displayed using 3D models [13]. The brain
imaging includes various techniques to have accurate,
efficient imaging of brain [14]. The existing techniques of
brain imaging (are shown in Figure. 3) are MRI, CT,
Electroencephalography (EEG), PET, Magneto
Encephalography (MEG), Biopsy and X-Ray.
Figure.3. Brain imaging techniques [9-16]
A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
This is an imaging method which measures the
magnetic field vectors produced after the excitation with
heavy magnetic field and radio frequency pulses in
hydrogen atoms nuclei exist within the water molecules of
the patient’s tissues. The water content in different parts
of the tissues differs and is possible to quantify the
differences of radiated magnetic energy. Under the
controlled conditions, if the magnetic vector components,
the different images can be acquired, tissue information.
The major region of interest for MRI is brain. The current
medical applications, tumor boundary area in a head
image are traced by hand. Hence, MRI technique is
manual approach and is not considered for large set of
data. Thus there is a need of automatic tumor detection
method.
B. Computed Tomography (CT)
This technique utilizes the X-ray machine and a
computer to generate informative images of body
structure and tissues. But the CT method is not much
accurate and which cannot able to detect the 50% of low-
grade glimmers. Under certain condition CT scan help to
locate the tumor and classify the tumor type. Another
significance of the CT method also helps to check the
treatments effectiveness and watch for tumor recurrence.
C. Electroencephalography (EEG)
This method measures the brain movement and
electrical actions by placing the electrodes on the head
scalp. This method helps to find the potency, power, and
electrical actions location in diverse brain areas. This
helps to identify the brain regions and actions patterns that
tumor exhibits.
D. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
This technique provides the functional concepts of the
brain. Both the MRI and PET mentions the actions of
neurons and various movements taking place within the
diverse areas of brain as pointed via the intellectual blood
stream level. During PET, the involved functional
processes are mapped through radioactive substance. The
PET measures the blood stream level by subjecting the
people to the radioactive water and by observing the
modification in radiation.
E. Biopsy
This is a surgical concept where small samples of
tissue is considered from the region of suspected tumor
and analyzed by using microscope to know its
malignancy. The biopsy based method gives the
information’s about type of cancer cell. During biopsy
removing any healthy tissue may cause problem in vital
functions. Also under this case the diagnosis must relay
less accurate measures and less invasive.
F. Magneto Encephalography (MEG)
This examines the functionality of brain performed by
brain for every 1/1000 of a second. This method is highly
extreme brain analysis process. This method is linked to
EEG because both the methods perform the determination
of similar neuronal current.
G. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
This method helps to measure the blood oxygenation
within the brain. The blood oxygenation can be measured
by using NIRS process by utilizing the infrared light. In
order to do so, the spotting light near to the infrared
region within the spectrum is used. The light is spotted by
skull so that the attenuated amount of light is identified.
For soft tissue delineation, the brain MRI is best choice
because it helps to classify the brain tissues. The MRI is
used to visualize the internal body structure which gives
information of tissue anatomy. The signal strength of the
brain tumor depends on three molecules and parameters
anatomical (T1) and pathological (T2) which gives the
features of protons (Nabizadeh et al. [17]). The T1 scans
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for best scan resolution while T1 for locating the faulty
region of brain. The MRI helps to analyze the brain
function and identify the brain tumor. The proton density
(PD) scan gives entire hydrogen density per cubic mm.
Figure.4, represents the brain MRI sample.
Figure.4 Sample of MRI images for a normal brain: (a) T1-weighted, (b)
T2-weighted, and (c) PD- proton density Parizel et al. [18].
V. BRAIN TUMOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION
The image segmentation in DIP is a major process
required to define the Region Of Interest (ROI) in image.
The segmentation can be done manually, semi-automatic
or automatically. The drawback of manual segmentation
is that it consumes huge time and its acuracy is depends
on the operator knowledge where as automatic
segmentation is apart from this [19, 20, 21]. The
segmentation with Key image processing techniques for
brain MRI is divided as thresholding, region-growing, soft
computing, clustering, atlas-based, image/symmetry
analysis, other methods etc [22].
A. Thresholding
This segmentation mechanism is oldest one where the
image must have regions exhibiting different gray scale
levels. The image histogram composed of spikes (valleys
and peaks). The peaks represent the regions while the
valley among the peaks indicates the threshold value. The
histogram thresholding mechanism divides the image as
two equal halves. These histograms are compared for
tumor detection. The cropping mechanism helps to take
the exact dimension of brain tumor. The threshold
mechanism takes the decision based on the local raw pixel
information. This helps to extract the basic image shape
with little unnecessary details [19-22].
B. Region-growing
This technique divides the image by organizing the
similar closest pixels. This technique begins with a pixel
(seed) that exhibit similar properties. By the neighboring
pixels based on homogeneity features are appended to the
seed without tuning homogeneity features. The initial
seeds control the seeded region growing technique. In
case the regions are known and utilized for estimation of
the corresponding parameters subjected to edge detection
[19-22].
C. Clustering
This method organizes the objects as groups by
considering the some feature attribute and characteristic
by which a cluster composed of groups of similar objects.
The clustering may be of supervised or unsupervised type.
The supervised clustering is specified by the user while
unsupervised clustering is decided by the clustering
system itself [19-22].
 K-Means Clustering:
This type of clustering means dividing the
observations (n) into clusters (k) where every pixel is
belongs to the clusters by minimizing an objective
function in a way that the within cluster sum of squares is
get minimized.
 Fuzzy C-Means clustering:
This is the data clustering mechanism where the every
data point is belongs to a cluster to a degree subjected by
a membership value. Generally, Fuzzy C-means division
of n vector collections as c fuzzy groups and identifies a
cluster centre in every group like a cost function of
dissimilarity measure is minimized [19-22].
D. Soft-Computing
A self-organizing map (SOM) or self-organizing
feature map is an artificial neural network (ANN) type
used for unsupervised learning. The SOM maps a higher
dimensional input space to a lower dimensional map
space. Here mean, energy, entropy, median, variance,
correlation, contrast, maximum and minimum intensity
values are used to describe the tumor [19-22].
E. Image/Symmetry Analysis
This is an interactive method with area of the region
and edge information uses prior information. The
symmetry analysis is more prominent under pathological
conditions. The supervised techniques like block-based,
shape, texture and content are implemented to analyze
MRI with relatively low computational requirements [19-
22].
F. Other Segmentation Methods
The others segmentation methods are wavelet
transform, edge detection method, watershed algorithm,
deformable models with their own limitations and
significances. Based on application requirements the
different segmentation methods are combined [19-22].
VI. EXISTING RESEARCH SURVEY
This section discusses the various existing researches
in the field of brain tumor detection.
The work of Liu et al. [23] presented a tomography
mechanism which used Kirchhoff migration (KM) and
reverse-time migration (RTM) methods. The outcome of
this mechanism was compared and analyzed with both
synthetic and experimental data. Form the analysis found
that the RTM offers significant velocity variance and
imaging quality with little noise and RTM can be used for
further improvement in tomography efficiency.
The collaborative work of Ogli and Rostami [24]
discusses a concept of simulation for tumor detection by
using Nano-Biosensors Radiation Intensity. In this the
nontoxic silicon or gold nano-particles are utilized as
nano-biosensors core and their functionalization is done
by considering antibodies and desired proteins.
The work presented by Roy et al. [25] discusses an
advanced brain MRI binarization mechanism as a
preprocessing to detect the abnormality and features
extraction. This binarization mechanism was tested with a
627
different MRI and generates good binarization with higher
accuracy and reduced error. The comparative analysis was
performed other well-known methods.
The further work of Roy et al. [26] discussed the
significance of the preprocessing mechanism in brain
abnormality detection. The proposed preprocessing
mechanism uses binarization and wavelet decomposition
to bring the effectiveness in brain abnormality diagnosis
and detection and found that the proposed mechanism
gives accurate image segmentation with less error.
The work of Sayed et al. [27] presented the computer-
aided diagnosis (CAD) based tumor detection by MRI.
The author has performed the experimentation on 101
images having both normal (14) and abnormal (87) from
brain MRI dataset. The outcomes suggest that the 99%
accuracy was found in classification and was significantly
good. Author has suggested for future direction of
research with further improvement in robustness.
The author George et al. [28] has used Cuckoo search
(CS) optimization mechanism for brain MRI
segmentation. The outcomes where suggest that the CS
algorithm profound study of its search mechanisms to
determine the tumors in brain and outcomes are compared
with the other optimization algorithms.
Singh et al. [29] presented stochastic resonance (SR)
model based on Bat optimization to enhance MRI. The
quality of processed image depends on the choice of these
image performance indices rather the selection of SR
parameters. The given mechanism found effective with
MRI enhancement by which the there is improvement in
the gray-white matter differentiation and which is helpful
in the better MRI diagnosis.
Similarly the work introduced by Havaei [30] gives the
brain tumor segmentation using deep neural networks.
Author presented cascade architecture in which the output
of a basic CNN is treated as an additional source of
information for a subsequent CNN. The presented that test
dataset are improved over the state-of-the-art over 30
times faster.
A review work on MRI-based brain tumor image
segmentation using deep learning methods is found in Isin
et al. [31]. The state-of-the-art algorithms with a focus on
recent trend of deep learning methods are discussed.
Finally, an assessment of the current state is presented and
future developments to standardize MRI-based brain
tumor segmentation methods into daily clinical routine are
addressed.
The conceptual work of Abbasi et al. [32] gives the
“detection of brain tumor in 3D MRI images using local
binary patterns and histogram orientation gradient. The
author evaluated the performance of the algorithm on
glioma images from. The experimental results and
analyses indicate that the proposed framework is superior
in detecting brain tumors in comparison with other
techniques.
Author Snehkunj et al. [33] presented the pattern
detection mechanism for MRI and labeling volume of
interest. The framework MRI Pattern Detection
Framework (MIPDF) is presented to take care for the
reduction of cited hassle and improved visual analytics to
support medical professionals in their act of detection and
diseases diagnosis by identifying regularity and
irregularity with improved visualization and analytics
results.
Author Alexander et al. [34] discussed the image
quality transfer and applications in diffusion MRI and
named the proposed technique as image quality transfer
(IQT). The proposed technique implements the machine
learning to send the information’s which are generated
from the experimentation of medical imaging to the
abundant but lower-quality data from routine acquisitions.
The process utilizes the matched pairs to learn mappings
from low-quality to subject to high-quality images. After
learning, these mappings then augment unseen low quality
images, for example by enhancing image resolution or
information content. Author demonstrated the IQT using a
simple patch-regression implementation and the uniquely
rich diffusion MRI data set from the human connect
project (HCP). The outcomes suggested that the
significance of IQT in both brain microstructure imaging
and connectivity mapping. The IQT in brain connectivity
mapping using standard data sets, thin connection
pathways which tractography needs desired data to
reconstruct. The IQT in microstructure imaging represents
the signification in estimation from standard “single-
shell” data and maps the micro structural parameters that
normally require specialized multi-shell data. The
experimentation analysis suggested that the proposed
scheme has got better generalisability, addresses the IQT's
significances even if the training set does not directly
represent the application domain. The concept stretches to
other imaging modalities and reconstruction problems.
The work introduced in Hajje et al. [35] gives the
mechanism for adaptive enhancement for MRI by using
propagator sharpening. This method was made adaptive to
the data and its enhancement with scalar maps and
tractography output.
The prominent towards the brain MRI is found in
Kumar and Mehta [36]. The author has introduced the
automatic segmentation method by using texture based
tumor detection mechanism by considering the seeded
region. This approach helps to identify the status of the
disease by performing quantitative analysis. The
drawback of this approach is that it consumes higher
computation time.
Another significant research to detect the brain tumor
was given by Roy and Bandyopadhyay [37]. The author
has considered the problem of segmentation in brain
tumor and used the modular approach to overcome the
problem. This approach also consumes higher
computational time.
For detection of brain tumor Meenakshi and
Anandkumar [38] have provided classifiers like k-mean
Clustering, BPN classifier. The research significantly
improved the accuracy at less computation time.
In order to classify the brain MRI various supervised
learning approaches were exist. The classification
628
approaches may involve different classifiers like Artificial A. Braiin Imaging: Most of the existing researches were
Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine focused on the MRI based brain imaging to detect the
(SVM). By this approaches the important features will be tumor.
extracted by means of segmentation over testing data as
per provided feature space. In that sense various authors B. MRI quality: The existing researches were only
like Nandpuru et al. [39], Singh and Parveen, Bauer et al. focused on the MRI with higher quality and most of
[40, 41] and Lee et al. [42] mentioned that the approaches the studies were ignored the MRI with poor quality
like ANN and SVM classify the each pixels of MRI like noise, brightness.
without considering the spatial correlation among the
neighborhood pixels. Thus these approaches are not C. Lack of researches in object based Segementation:
suitable to acquire the optimized result. Thus to overcome The most of the researches are focused on the basic
segmentation process for MRI. Also the existing
this regularization step can be introduced at post-
researches were not much concerned about detection
processing. In order to achieve the regularization the
of brain tumor by object based segmentation.
methods like Markov Random Field (MRF) , Conditional
Random Field(CRF) which is found in Bauer et al.[40, 41] D. Time complexity:
and Lee et al. [42].
The authors Nandpuru et al. [39] have implemented The existing neural network based consumes more
SVM to perform the classification of the brain MRI slices time during the training and testing phase.
and represent them as normal or abnormal. The author has
used gray scale, symmetry based and the texture based
features to performs the classification. V. STATISTICS OF BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION
Similarly, the authors Padma and Sukanesh [40] used
the SVM approach to perform the classification over soft This section discusses the existing statistical
tissues captured from Brain CT Images. Author focused publications in IEEE Xplore. The search for the statistics
on the CT imaging modality which is the reliable is carried out with desired keywords brain MRI
technique along with SVM. The proposed approach of enhancement, brain MRI segmentation and brain MRI
their work achieved accuracy of 98%. classification. The search statistic are considered for
The author Ubaidillah et al [41] performed the conference publications, journals and magazines, early
comparative analysis over the SVM and ANN based brain access articles. The following table.1. represents the
tumor classification methods. In this, author found that he statistics obtained.
ANN based method provides the better detection under
Table.1. Statistical details of publications (Cited on 9/9/2017 4.20Pm)
large feature matrices while the SVM offers the Brain MRI +
generalized outcomes and accuracy under smaller Brain MRI + Brain MRI +
Type Tumor +
datasets. The SVM can handle the higher features than Segmentation Enhancement
Detection
ANN. Conference
The above approaches where lags with the in- 5 7,060 1,025
Publications
capability of classifying data in multiple classes.
Journals &
The .work introduced by Huang et al. [43] discusses the 2 2,140 152
Magazines
classification method based on “local independent
Early
projection” which overcomes the issues associated with Access 0 25 5
multiclass issues of binary classifiers. The classification Articles
by this approach is done under brain tumor regions like Books &
necrosis, edema, active region etc. 0 5 0
eBooks
Similarly the work of Debnath et al. [44], Platt et al.
[45] and Hsu and Lin [46] intended for multiclass The above statistical details are given in below Figure.5.
classification i.e. one-vs-all, all together, one-vs-one,
Direct Acyclic Graph SVM are discussed and from that
one-vs-one and DAGSVM are most likely methods for
multiclass classification.
VII. CURRENT RESEARCH GAP
The above discussed surveys help to formulate the
existing research gap in the detection of brain tumor. The
survey analysis is summarized with the following points
as “research gap”:

Figure.5: Statistics of research

629
 VIII. CONCLUSION
This paper discusses the necessary concepts of the
brain tumor detection with various techniques involved in
it. The paper also involved the discussion of the existing
researches in the detection of brain tumor by MRI
enhancement, Segmentation and classification. The
studies expressed for brain MRI enhancement gives the
necessary of image enhancement with respect to noise,
brightness adjustment. The studies of the brain MRI
segmentation tried to express the various techniques to
detect the exact area of tumor in brain. Many of the
researches were involved with the classification of MRI
area as cancerous or not by using different neural
networks. From the survey analyses found some research
gaps in current trend and were discussed. The paper also
contains a section called statistics of research which gives
the existing publications for brain Tumor detection (Cited
from IEEE Xplore).
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