Ser

iesdenúmer
osr
eal
es

Sea(
un)
n≥1
=(
u1,
u,…,
un,
…)unasucesi
ónenR,
ent
oncesl
aex
presi
ón
2

u1 + u2 + …+ un + …= ∑∞ u sel
n=1 n
l
amaseri
einf
ini
ta,
dondeu1,
u2,
…un,
… sonl
os
t
erminosdel aser
ieyun sedenominater
minoenés
imo

Ej
empl
os

1 1 1 1
1)1+ + + …+ + …= ∑∞
2 3 n n=1
n
n
2)- 1+ 1+ …= ∑∞
1+ 1- n=1
(-
1)

3)l
n () () ( )
2
3
+l
n
3
6
+l
n
4
11
+ …= ∑∞
n=1
l
n+1
n (2 )
n+2
Def
ini
ci
ón.
-

Dadaunaser
ie∑∞ u si
n=1 n
empr
epodemoshal
l
arunasucesi
ón(
Tn)
n≥1
def
ini
dapor

T1 = u1

T2 = u1 + u2

T3 = u1 + u2 + u3

⋮ ⋮
Tn = u1 + u2 + …+ un

Ent
oncesl
asucesi
ón(
Tn)
n≥1
sel
l
amasucesi
óndesumaspar
cial
esdel
aser
ie∑∞ u
n=1 n

Teor
ema:
Si(
Tn)
n≥1
conv
erge(
li
mTn=L<∞)

n→∞
ent
oncesl
aser
ie∑∞ u conv
n=1 n
ergeyseescr
ibe∑∞ u =L
n=1 n

Enest
ecasoLsel
l
amasumadel
aser
ie

Sil
im Tn noexi
ste(
div
erge)→∑∞ u di
n=1 n
ver
ge

Obser
vación.
-Sol
olasseri
esconv
ergent
esposeensumaynoex
ist
eunmét
odo
gener
alparasumarser
ies.
 1
Pr
ob(
1)Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
(3n-
1)(
3n+2)
Sol
uci
on

∑∞
n=1
(3n-
1)
1
(
1
= ∑∞
1
3n+2) 3 n=1 3n-
-
1
[
13n+2 ]
Seaun = [
1 1
3 3n-
-
1
13n+2 ]
For
mamosl
asucesi
óndesumaspar
cial
es

T1 = u1 = ( )
1 11
-
3 25

T2 = u1 + u2 = [( ) ( )]
1 11 11
- + -
3 25 58

T3 = u1 + u2 + u3 =[( ) ( ) ( )]
1 11 11 1 1
- + - + -
3 25 58 811
⋮ ⋮

Tn-1 = [( ) ( ) (
1 11 11
- + - +…+
3 25 58
1 1
3n-
-
43n-
1 )]
Tn = [( ) ( ) (
1 11 11
- + - +…+
3 25 58
1 1
3n-
-
43n-
+
1
1 3n-
-)(
1
13n+2
=
11 1
-)] (
3 23n+2 )
1
→l
im Tn=
6
n→∞

∴{
Tn} c
onve
rge→∑∞
n=1
1 c
onve
rge ∴ ∑∞
n=1
1
=
1
n≥1
( 1)
3n- (
3n+2) ( 1)
3n- (
3n+2) 6

Ser
iest
elescópi
cas

Unaser
ieconver e∑∞
gent u est
n=1 n
elescópi
ca,siun sepuedeescr
ibi
rcomoun:
vn-vn+1
yest
acaract
eriz
adoporel si
gui
enteteorema:

Si∑∞ u = ∑∞
n=1 n
(
v-v )est
n=1 n n+1
elescópi
cayconv
erge,
=>

∑∞ u = ∑∞
n=1 n
(
v-v )= v1-l
n=1 n n+1
im vn+1
n→∞
dondessel
l
amasumadel
aser
ie

obsv
:Engener
all
im vn+1=0 ,per
onosi
empr
e
 n→∞
1
Pr
ob(
1)Sumarl
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
(2n-
1)(
2n+5)
Sol
uci
on

∑∞
n=1
(2n-
1)
1
(
1
= ∑∞
1
2n+5) 6 n=1 2n-
-
1
12n+5 ( )
= [ [(
1 ∞
∑
1
6 n=1 2n-
-
1
+
1
-
1
+ )(
1
-
1
12n+1 2n+12n+3 2n+32n+5 )( )]]
=
6[ (
1 ∞
∑n=1
1
2n-
-
1
12n+1
+∑∞
n=1
1
) (
-
1
2n+12n+3
+∑∞
n=1
1
-
1
2n+32n+5 ) ( )]
=
1
6( )1 1
1+ + =
3 5
23
90

Pr
ob(
2)Sumarl
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
ar
cta
n [ 2n+1
2
1+n(
2
n+1) ]
Sol
uci
on

[ ] [ ]
2 2
2n+1 (
n+1)- n
)∑∞
* n=1
ar
cta
n 2
∞
2 =∑n=1a
rct
an 2 2
1+n( n+1) 1+n( n+1)
2 2
Seaαn = a
rct
an(
n) a
→tnαn = n
2 2
αn+1 = a
rct
a n+1)→t
n( anαn+1 = (
n+1)

s= ∑∞
n=1
ar
cta
n [t
an(
1+tn(
a
αn+1)
-
αn)
t
t
a
a
n(
n(
αn)
αn+1) ]
= ∑∞
n=1
ar
cta
n(t
an(
αn+1-αn))

= ∑∞
n=1
( =-∑∞
αn+1-αn) n=1
(
αn-αn+1)

∑∞
=- n=1
(arctan(n )-arctan(n+1)2)=-(v1-l
2
imvn+1)
̂̂
vn vn+1
n→∞
[
=-ar
cta
n1-
arc
tan(
∞)]=-π+ π= π
4 2 4
1
Pr
ob(
3)Sumarl
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
(2n+3)
(2n+5)
(2n+7)
1 A B C
= + +
(
2n+3)
(2n+5)
(2n+7) 2n+3 2n+5 2n+7
1= A(
2n+5)
(2n+7)+ B(
2n+3)
(2n+7)+ C(
2n+ 3)
(2n+ 5)
5→1= B(
Si2n=- -2)
(2)
→B=-
1/4

7→1= C(
2n=- - (
4)-2)
→C= 1/
8
 3→1= A(
2n=- 2)(
4)→A= 1/
8
1/
8 1/ 4 1/
8
s
n
= - +
2n+3 2n+5 2n+7
1
→ ∑∞
8 n=1[( 1
-
1
-
1
-)(
1
2n+32n+5 2n+52n+7 )]
= []
1 11 1 7-
- = ×
8 57
5
=
1
8 35 140
1
Pr
ob.Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
(n+2)
(n+3)
(n+4)
(n+5)
Sol
uci
on

1 A B C D
= + + +
(
n+2)
(n+3)
(n+4)
(n+5) n+2 n+3 n+4 n+5
1= A(
n+3)
( (
n+4)n+5)+ B(
n+2)
( (
n+4)n+5)+ C(
n+2)
( (
n+3)n+5)
+
D(
n+ 2)
(n+ 3)
(n+ 4)
3→1= B(
Sin=- -1)
(1)
(2)
→B=-
1/2

4→1= C(
n=- -2)
(-1)
(1)
→C= 1/
2
5→1= D(
n=- -3)
(-2)
(-1)
→D=-
1/6
2→1= A(
n=- 1)(
2)(
3)→A= 1/
6
1/6 1/2 1/2 1/6
s
n
= - + -
n+2 n+3 n+4 n+5

= [][ ][ ]
1/6 1
-
n+2n+3
+
1 1
-
n+3n+4
+
1 1/
-
6
n+4n+5

= ∑[[( ) ( ) ( )] (
1 ∞
6 n=1
1 1
- +
1 1
- +
1 1 1 1 1
- - -
n+2n+3 n+3n+4 n+4n+5 2 n+3n+4 )]
= ( ) ()
11 1 1 1 1
+ + -
63 4 5 2 4
1 47 1 47 1
= × - = -
6 60 8 360 8
47×8-
360 376-360 16 2 1
= = = = =
8×360 8×360 8×360 360 180
Ser
iesGeomét
ri
cas

Lasser
iesgeomét
ri
cassondel
afor
ma
n 2 n
∑∞
n=0
x=1+x
+x+…+x+… yt
ieneuncompor
tami
ent
opol
i
nomi
aldegr
ado

i
nfi
nit
o

n n 1
Teor
ema.
-Laser
ie∑∞ x conv
ergepar
a||< 1y∑∞
x x=
n=0 n=0
1-
x
Pr
ueba
2 n-
1 n
s +x + …+ x + x + …
=1+x
2 3 n n+1
xs
=x+x + x + …+ x + x + …
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
n+1
n+1 1-
x
(
1-)
xs= 1-x →s=
1-
x
n+1
1 x
→l
ims
n
=l
im -l
im
1-
x 1-x
n→∞ n→∞ n→∞
1 1 n+1
= - li
mx
1-
x 1-
x
n→∞
n+1
per
oli
m x =0 ; |
x|<1

n→∞
n
→ ∑∞
n=0
xc
onve
rge;|
x|<1

n 1
yque∑∞ x= ;|
x|<1
n=0
1-
x

Obser
vaci
ones

n 1
1)∑∞ x= ;|
x|<1
n=0
1-
x
2)Haci
endox por-x

nn 1
∑∞ (1)x=
- ;|
x|<1
n=0
1+x
3)I
ntegr
ando(
2),t
enemos
n n+1
(
-1)x
∑∞
n(
=l ); |
1+x x|<1
n=0
n+1
(
descubi
ert
oporJamesGr
egor
y)
2
4)En(
2) xporx

n 2n 1
∑∞
n=0
(
-1)x = 2
1+x
n 2n+1
(
-1)x
5)I
ntegr 4)∑∞
ando( =a
rct
anx
n=0
2n+1
(
Aquí
esv
ali
dot
ambi
énpar
ax=1)
 n
(-1)
Pr
ob(
1)Sumarl
aser
ie∑∞
n=0
2n+1
Sol
uci
ón
n 2n+1
(
-1)x
q ∑∞
s. =a
rct
anx
n=0
2n+1
n
(-
1) π
ax= 1→ ∑∞
par =a
rct
an(
1)=
n=0
2n+1 4
n
(-
1)
Pr 2)Sumar∑∞
ob( n=0
n+1
Sol
uci
ón
n n+1
(
-1)x
q ∑∞
s. =l
n(1+x
)
n=0
n+1
n
(-
1)
ax= 1→ ∑∞
par =l
n2
n=0
n+1
6)Der
ivando(
1)
n-
1 -
1' n-
1
∑∞
n=0
nx =[(
1-x
)]→∑∞
n=0
(
nx =-1-
x)-
2
(-
1)

n x
→∑∞
n=0
nx= 2
(
1-x)
7)Der
ivando(
6)
2
1 (
2 n- 1-)-
x x2(
1-x)
(-1) (
1-x)+2x x +1
∑∞
n=1
nx = 4 = 3 = 3
(
1-x
) (1-
x) ( 1-x
)
2
2 n x+x
→∑∞
n=0
n x= 3 ; |
x|<1
(
1-x
)

()
n
∞ 1 2
Pr
obl
ema:Sumar∑ n R:
3/2
n=0
3

Pr
obl
ema:
Demost
rarque

n 1
∑∞
n=0
(
n+1)x= 2 ; |
x|<1
(
1-x
)
Pr
ueba

n 1
q. ∑∞
s. x= ;|
x|<1
n=0
1-
x

n-
1 -
11 -2 1
∑∞
n=1
nx =(
(1-
x))=-(
1-)(
x 1)
- = 2
(1-
x)
n 1
→∑∞
n=0
(n+1)x= 2 ; |
x|<1
(
1-x
)
Pr
obl
ema:
Demost
rarque

(n+1)(
n+2) n 1
∑∞ x= 3 (
α)
n=0
2! (
1-x
)
Pr
ueba
n-
1 -
21 -
3
∑∞
n=1
n(
n+1)x =(
(1-
x))=-
2(1-
x)(
-1)

n 2
→∑∞
n=0
(n+1)
(n+2)x= 3
(
1-x
)
(
n+1)
(n+2) n 1
→∑∞ x= 3
n=0
2! (1-
x)
Not
a:En(
α)der
ivandomi
embr
oami
embr
o

n(
n+1)
(n+2) n-1 3
∑∞ x= 4
n=1
2! (
1-x
)
(
n+1)
(n+2)
(n+3) n 1
∑∞ x= 4 ;|
x|<1
n=0
3! (
1-x
)

Laser
ieP

Laser
ieP t
ienel
afor
ma

1 1 1 1
∑∞
n=1 p
= p+ p+…+ p+… dondepconst
ant
e
n 1 2 n
*
)laser
iepconv
ergesip>1

*
)laser
iepdi
ver
gesip≤ 1

cuandop=1 ,l
aser
ie

1 1 1 1
∑∞ =1+ + +…+ +…
n=1
n 2 3 n
sel
l
amaser
iear
moni
ca

Ej
empl
os

1 1
1)∑∞ di
ver
geporserp-
ser
iepar
ap= < 1
n=1 n 2
2
1 1 π
2)∑∞ 2 conv
ergeporserp-
ser
i ap= 2> 1 y ∑∞
epar n=1 2
= (ser
ieCauchy-
n=1
n n 6
Ri
emann)

Cr
it
eri
osdeconv
ergenci
a

I
)Cr
it
eri
odecompar
aci
óndi
rect
a

Sean∑∞ u ,∑∞
n=1 n
v dosser
n=1 n
iesdet
érmi
nosposi
ti
vos(
un ≥ 0 , vn ≥ 0).Se
t
iene

1)Siun ≤ vn y∑∞ v conv

n=1 n
erge→∑∞ u conv
n=1 n
erge

2)Siun ≥ vn y∑∞ v di
n=1 n
v ge→∑∞
er u di
n=1 n
ver
ge

Pr
ob(
1)

1
∑∞
n=1 2
n+n+13

Sol
uci
ón
+ 2 2
*
)∀n∈Z :n + n+ 13< 16n

2 1 1
→ n+n+13< 4n→ >
2
n+n+13 4n
̂ ̂
un vn

1
comoun > vn y ∑∞ di
ver
ge →
n=1
n
1
∑∞
n=1 2
esdi
ver
gent
e ∎
n+n+13

Pr
ob(
2)

n+1
∑∞
n=1
n9n+7
+
*
)∀n∈Z→ 9n+ 7< 17n→ 9n+7< 17n

1 1
→ >
9n+7 17n
n+1 n
*
)como n+ 1> n→ >
9n+7 17n
n+1 1
→ >
n9n+7 17n
̂ ̂
un vn

1
comoun > vn y ∑ 1 di
ver
ge
n2

n+1
→ ∑∞ di
ver
ge ∎
n=1
n9n+7
Pr
ob(
3)
2 5
s
en(n+7)
∑∞
n=1 2
n+n
Recor
dar∀x∈R ; -
1≤ s
enx≤ 1

n(
n+7)≤ 1→0≤ sn(
n+7)≤ 1
5 2 2
*
)-1≤ s
e e

2 2 1 1
*
) n+ n ≥ n→ 2≤ 2
n+n n
2 2
s
en(n+7) 1
→0≤ 2 ≤ 2
n+n n
̂ ̂
un vn

1
comoun ≤ vn y ∑∞
n=1 2 conv
erge →
n
2 5
s
en(n+7)
∑∞
n=1 2 conv
erge ∎
n+n

CRI
TERI
ODECOMPARACI
ONPORLI
MITES

I
I)Sean∑∞ u ,∑∞
n=1 n
v dosser
n=1 n
iesdet
érmi
nosposi
ti
vos(
un ≥ 0 , vn ≥ 0)se
t
iene:

un
1)Sil
im =k>0,ent
oncesambasser
ies∑∞ u ,∑∞
n=1 n
v conv
n=1 n
ergenodi
ver
gen
vn
n→∞
un
2)Sil
im =0 y ∑∞ v conv
n=1 n
er onces∑∞
ge,ent u conv
n=1 n
erge
vn
n→∞
un
3)Sil
im =+∞ y ∑∞ v di
n=1 n
ver onces∑∞
geent u di
n=1 n
ver
ge
vn
n→∞

Pr
ob(
4)
5
n
∑∞
n=1 6
9n+4
 5
n 1 1
Seaa
n
= 6 ,t
omemos bn = / ∑∞ di
ver
ge
9n+4 n n=1
n
5 6
a n n 1
l
im n
=l
im 6 ×n=l
im 6 = >0
bn 9n+4 9n+4 9
n→∞ n→∞ n→∞
5
n
→∑∞
n=1 6 di
ver
ge ∎
9n+4

Pr
ob(
5)

1 1 1 1
∑∞ . Sea a
n
= ,t
omemosbn = / ∑∞ esdi
ver
gent
e
n=1
n+1 n+1 n n=1
n
a 1 1
→l
im n
=l
im ×n=1>0→∑∞ di
ver
ge ∎
bn n+1 n=1
n+1

n→∞ n→∞
Pr
ob(
6)
5
n
∑∞
n=1 6 n
2

n+e+1
Sol
uci
ón

1 1
Tomemos bn = 2 / ∑∞
n=1 2 conv
erge
n n
a 1 2 2n
l
im n
=l
im 2 n+1×n=l i
m 2 2
bn n+e 2n+2ne
n+1

n→∞ n→∞ n→∞

1 1
=l
im n+1
2= 0→ ∑∞
n=1 2
2
n+1
conv
erge ∎
1+e n+e
n→∞

I
II
)(Cr
it
eri
odel
araz
ón)

un+1
Sea∑∞ u ,un ≥ 0unaser
n=1 n
ieenRt
alque l
im =L ,ent
onces
un

n→∞
1)SiL<1 ,l
aser
ieconv
erge

2)Si
L>1,l
aser
iedi
ver
ge
3)Si
L=1,el
cri
ter
iof
all
a

I
V)(
Cri
ter
iodel
araí
z)

Sea∑∞
n
u ,un ≥ 0 t
n=1 n
alquel
im un = L ent
onces:

1)SiL<1,l
aser
ieconv
erge n→∞

2)SiL>1,l
aser
iedi
ver
ge

3)SiL=1,el
cri
ter
iof
all
a

Pr
ob(
7)
n
n!
9
∑∞
n=1 n
n
n
un+1 (
n+1)!9
n+1
n
l
im =l
im n+1 × n
un (
n+1) n!
9
n→∞ n→∞

( )
n n n
(
n!n+1)9×9×n n
l
im n=9l
im
(
n+1)(
n
n+1)
×n!
×9 n+1
n→∞ n→∞
1 1 9
= 9l
im n =9× = > 1→ Laser
iedadadi
ver
ge
( )
1+
1
n
e e

n→∞ ∎

Pr
ob(
8)
5
(n!)
∑∞
n=1
(5n)!

) (5n) (5n)
5
(
(n+1)! ! ( )
n!5
(n+1)5
!
l
im × 5=l im
(5n+5)! (n!) ( )(
n!5
5n)
!(5n+1)(
5n+2) (
5n+3) (5n+4)
(5n+5)
n→∞ n→∞
5
(
n+1)
=li
m
(5n+1)(5n+2)
(5n+3) (5n+4)(
5n+5)
n→∞
5
1 ∞ (n!
)
5 < 1→ ∑n=1 conv
erge
5 (
5n)!

Pr
ob(
9)

3.9.
15.….(
5n-4)
∑∞
n=1
6.
14.22.
….(8n-
2)
Sol
uci
ón

un+1 3.9.
15.….(
5n-4).(
5n+1) 6.14.22.
….(8n-
2)
l
im =li
m ×
un 6.14.22.
….(8n-2)
.(8n+6) 3.9.
15.….(
5n-4)
n→∞ n→∞
5n+1 5
l
im = <1
8n+6 8
n→∞
→ Laser
ieconv
erge. ∎

Pr
ob(
10)

[ ]
2 n
8n+7n+3
∑∞
n=1 2
6n+n+10
Sol
uci
ón

[ ]
2 n 2
n 8n+7n+3 8n+7n+3 4
l
im 2 =l
im 2 = >1 =>l
aser
iedadadi
ver
ge
6n+n+10 6n+n+10 3

n→∞ n→∞

Pr
ob(
11)
5 n 5
n n 1
∑∞ n→ L=l
im = <1 l
aser
ieconv
erge
n=1
(l
n7) (
ln7) ln7
n→∞
Pr
ob(
12)
5 n
n(7+3)
∑∞ n
n=1
13
n 5
n (7+3) 7+3
→l
im = <1 → Laser
ieconv
erge ∎
13 15
n→∞

V)Cr
it
eri
odel
aint
egr
al

Sea∑∞ u unaser
n=1 n
i
edetérminosposi
ti
vossiexi
steunafunci [
ón F:1, →R
+∞⟩
+
cont
inuaydecreci
enteen [
1,∞⟩yF( =un est
n) adefini
da ,∀n∈Z ,ent onces
∞
1)Si
Exi
ste ∫1 F(
x)dx , ∑∞ u conv
n=1 n
erge
 ∞
2)Si
noexi
ste ∫1 F(
x)dx , ∑∞ u di
n=1 n
ver
ge

Pr
ob(
13)

1
∑∞
n=2 7
n(
ln (
n))
Sol
uci
ón

7 7 61
(l
nx)+x ( lnx)
1 ' x
*
)f(
x)= 7→f
(x)=- 72
x
(lnx) [
x( l
nx )]
6
(l
nx)
7
+7(lnx) l
nx+7
=- 2 14 =-2 <0
x(lnx
) x( l
nx)
8

lnx+7
2 > 0→ l
nx+ 7> 0→
x( l
nx)
8

l
nx> -
7lne
-7 -
7 -
7
→l
nx> l
ne→ x> e→x∈⟨
e ,+ ∞⟩

+∞⟩C〈 +∞〉
-
7
fesdecr
eci een [
ent 2, e,
-
6
∞ 1 ∞ -7 (
lnx) ∞
*
)∫2 7 dx :∫2 (
l ) d(
nx l
nx)
= |
xl
nx -6 2

1
=- [
6
(l )-6]|
nx
∞
2
1 1 1
=-
6l 6 -6
n∞ ln2
=
1
6
n2
6l [ ] ∎

Luego,
laser
ieconv
erge

Pr
ob(
14)
3
1/
n
∞ e
∑n=1 4
n
Sol
uci
ón
1 1 1
3
ex ' -
3ex-
4ex x
3 3 3

*
)f(
x)= 4→f
(x)= 8
x x
1
3
ex [
3+4x]
3
3
=- 8 < 0→3+ 4x > 0
x
3 3 3
→4x >-
3→x >-
3/4→x>-3/4

〈 〉
33
x∈ - ,
4
+∞

fesdecr
eci
ent
een[
33
1,+ ∞⟩C - ,
4
+∞
〈 〉
 1
ex
3
∞
*
)Cal
cul
ode ∫1 4 dx
x
1 3
Haci
endou= 3→ du= - 4 dx
x x

Six
→1 e
ntonc
esu→1

Six
→∞ e
ntonc
esu→0
1
1∞-3ex 1 u 1 u 1 u1 1
3

-∫1 4 dx=-∫0e du= ∫1e du= e| = (e

-1)
3 x 3 1 3 0 3 0 3

Luegol
aser
iedadaconv
erge

Ser
iesal
ter
nadas
+
Seaun > 0 , ∀n∈Z ,ent
oncesl
asser
ies
n+1
∑∞
n=1
(1) un = u1-u2 + u3-u4 + …
-
n
∑∞
n=1
(-
1)un =-
u1 + u2-u3 + u4 + …

sel
l
amanser
iesal
ter
nant
es

n
Teor
ema(
LEI Z)Sean∑∞
BNI n=1
(1)un=∑∞
- w unaser
n=1 n
ieal
ter
nadat
alque

1)|
wn+1|≤ |
wn| , ∀n∈Z
+

m|
wn|
n
2)l
i =0 , ent
oncesl
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
(1)un=∑∞
- w conv
n=1 n
erge

n→∞
Ej
empl
os
n
(
-1)
1)∑∞
n=1
n
n
(
-1)
Sea wn =
n

)|
* wn+1|≤ |
wn|
→(-
1) | n+1 1
n+1|| |
≤ (
-
n 1
1)
n
1 1
→ ≤ (
ver
dader
o)
n+1 n
1 n1
*
)lm|
i wn|= l
im =0 → ∑∞ (1) conv
- erge
n n=1
n
n→∞ n→∞
n
(-1)
2)∑∞ n
n=1
2( 1+2n)
 n
(-1)
Seawn = n
2( 1+2n)
1 1
)|
* wn+1|≤ |
wn|
→ n+1 ≤ n
2 ( 1+2(n+1)
) 2( 1+2n)

1 1 +
→ ≤ →2n+ 5≥ 0 ,∀n∈Z
6+4n 1+2n
n
(-1)
*
)lm|
i wn|= 0 → ∑∞ n conv
erge ∎
n=1
2( 1+2n)
n→∞

n+1 1
3)∑∞ (1) ×
-
n=1
l
n(n+1)
Sol
uci
ón
n+1 n+2
(-
1) (-
1)
Seaa
n
= ;a =
l
n (n+1) n+1
l
n (n+2)
1 1
1)|
an+1|
<|
an|
→ < →ln(
n+1)
<ln(
n+2)
l
n (
n+2) ln (
n+1)
n+1<n+2

1<2(
ver
dader
o)

| |
n+1
(-
1)
2)l
im|
an|
=li
m
l
n (n+1)
n→∞ n→∞
1
l
im =0 =>l
aser
ieal
ter
nadaesconv
ergent
e
l
n (
n+1)
n→∞

Obser
vaci
ones

1)Si∑∞
n=1
(-
n
1) un conv
ergey∑∞
n=1
|(-1)un|=∑∞n=1|un| n

n
conv
erge → ∑∞
n=1
(
-1)un conv
erge absol
utament
e

2)Si∑∞
n=1
(
-
n
1)un conv
ergey∑∞
n=1
|(-1)un|=∑∞n=1|un| n

n
di
v ge → ∑∞
er n=1
(
-1)unconv
ergecondi
cional
ment
e

3)Teorema:Sea∑∞ u unaser
n=1 n
i
eenR,si
laser
ie∑∞ u esabsol
n=1 n
utament
e
∞
conver
genteent
onces∑n=1un conver
ge
Cr
it
eri
odel
arazóndel
asser
iesal
ter
nadas

Sea∑∞
n=1
(
-1)un=∑∞ w t
n=1 n
n
al
quel
im | |
wn+1
wn
=L

Ent
onces:

1)SiL<1,l
aser
ieconv
ergeabsol
utament
e

2)SiL>1,l
aser
iedi
ver
ge

3)SiL=1,el
cri
ter
iof
all
a

Ej
empl
os
n n+1
(
-1)3
1)¿
Conv
ergeodi
v ge∑∞
er ?
n=1
n!
Sol
uci
ón
n n+1 n+1 n+2
(
-1)3 (
-1) 3
Seaun = ,un+1 =
n! (n+1)
!

→l
im ||
un+1
un
=l
im
(
3
n+2

n+1)
n!
× n+1
!3

n→∞ n→∞
n 2
3×3×n! 3
l
im n =l
im =0<1
(
n!n+1)
3×3 n+1
n→∞ n→∞
→ Laser
iedadaconv
ergeabsol
utament
e

[ ]
n
n+1 6n+30
2)∑∞ (-
1)
n=1
8n+1

| ( )| ( )
n n
n+1 6n+30 6n+30
∑∞ (
-1) =∑∞
n=1
8n+1 n=1
8n+1

( )
n
n 6n+30 6n+30 3
→l
im =l
im = <1
8n+1 8n+1 4

Laser
iedadaesabsol
utament
econv
erge.
(
-1)
n-
1
3)∑∞ (
ser
ieal
ter
nadaconv
ergent
e)
n=1
n
Veamossi
esabsol
utament
econv
ergent
e

∑∞
n=1 | |
(
-1)
n-
1

n
=∑∞
n=1
1
n
di
ver
ge

→ Laser
iedadaconv
ergecondi
cional
ment
e
4)Conv
ergeodi
ver
ge

[ ]
3
3.7.20.….(
4n-1)
∑∞ (1)
- n
n=1
4.8.12.….
(4n)
Sol
uci
ón

| | |[ ]|
3
wn+1 (
-
n+1
1) 3.7.
20. (
…. 1)
4n- .
(4n+3) 4.8.
12.….(4n)
l
im =l
im × n
wn 4.
8.12. (
….4n).(
4n+4) (
-1) 3.
7.20.
…. (
4n-1)

n→∞ n→∞

[ ]
3
4n+3
=l
im =1 (
Nosepuedeaf
ir
mar
,ent
oncesusemosel
cri
ter
iodeRaabe)
4n+4
n→∞

Cr
it
eri
odeRaabe

Seal
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
wn ar
bit
rar
io(
posi
ti
vooal
ter
nada)

t
alquel
i
w
( )
m n1- n+1 =L
wn

n→∞
ent
onces

)SiL>1→ ∑∞
i w conv
n=1 n
ergeabsol
utament
e

)SiL<1→ ∑∞
i
i w di
n=1 n
ver
ge

i
i
i)SiL=1,el
cri
ter
iof
all
a(nodai
nfor
maci
ón)

| |
wn+1
wn
=
4n+3) 64n+3(
(
(
3
=
3
16n)
4n+4) 64n+3(
3 3
2

16n)
2
(3)
(
4)
+3(
4n)
+3(
(
4n)
9)
+27
16+64
3 2
64n+144n+108n+27
= 3 2
64n+192n+192n+64
Apl
i
candoRaabe

( )
3 2
64n+144n+108n+27
l
im n 1- 3 2 =
64n+192n+192n+64
n→∞

[ ]
3 2 3 2
64n+192n+192n+64-64n-
144n-
108n-
27
l
imn 3 2
64n+192n+192n+64
n→∞
 [ ]
2
48n+84n+37 3
l
imn 3 2 = → l
aser
iedadadi
ver
ge
64n+192n+192n+64 4

n→∞

Cr
it
eri
odeGauss

Sea∑∞ w unaser
n=1 n
iedet
érmi
nosposi
ti
vos(
óal
ter
nada)t
alque

| |
wn+1
wn
L
= 1- +
n (
Cn
P(n)
s d
)
onde

|Cn|≤ M y P(
n)unpol
i
nomi
oenndegr
ados>1

Ent
onces:

)SiL>1→ ∑∞
i w conv
n=1 n
ergeabsol
utament
e

)SiL≤1→ ∑∞
i
i w di
n=1 n
ver
ge

[ ]
2
n 1.3.5.….(
2n-1)
Pr
obl
ema:
Est
udi
arl
aser
ie:∑∞ (-
1)
n=1
2.4.6.….
(2n)
Sol
uci
ón

wn+1 ( 2 2
2n+1) 4n+4n+1 4n+3
= 2 = 2 = 1- 2
wn 2n+2) 4n+8n+4
( 4n+8n+4

[ ]
2 2
4n+3n 1 4n+8n+4-
5n-
4
= 1- 2 = 1- 2
4n+8n+4)
n( n 4n+8n+4

1
[ 5n+4
= 1- 1- 2
n 4n+8n+4 ]
4
5+
1 n
= 1- + 2
n 4n+8n+4

*
)L=1 *
) Cn = 5+
4
n
)|
*
4
n | |
Cn|= 5+ ≤ 5= M

2
*
)P( ado [
n)= 4n + 8n+ 4→ gr p( ]= 2= s> 1
n)

→ por(
ii
)

[ ]
2
n 1.3.5.….(
2n-1)
Laser
ie∑∞ (-
1) di
ver
ge ∎
n=1
2.4.6. (
….2n)
Ej
erci
ciosdecl
ase

1.
-Anal
i
zarl
aconv
ergenci
aodi
ver
genci
adel
assi
gui
ent
esser
ies:
 n+1
1 n
a)∑∞ b)∑∞ n
n=1 2
n+n+1
n=1
10n!
a
rct
an (
n) n+1
e (
-1) (n+3) !
c)∑∞
n=1 2 d)∑∞
n=1 n+3
1+n (
n+3)
1
2.
-Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
(
2n+1)
(2n+3)
(2n+5)
2
n
3.
-Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞ n siconv
erge
n=0
5
1
4.
-Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑n∞=1 n ,siconv
erge
(
n+1)3
n+1
5.
-Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞
n=1 2 2 siconv
erge
n(n+2)
Ej
erci
ciosdecl
ase

1)Anal
i
zarl
aconv
ergenci
aodi
ver
genci
adel
assi
gui
ent
esser
ies:
n+1
1 n
a)∑∞ b)∑∞ n
n=1 2
n+n+1
n=1
10n!
a
rct
an (
n) n+1
e (
-1) (n+3) !
c)∑∞
n=1 2 d)∑∞
n=1 n+3
1+n (
n+3)

n[2+( 1)]
6 n
-
2)¿
Conv
ergeodi
ver
gel
aser
ie∑∞ n ?
n=1
9

1
3)Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
(
2n+1)
(2n+3)
(2n+5)

2
n
4)Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞ n,si
conv
erge
n=0
5

(
-1)
n
5)Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞ n ,si
conv
erge
n=1
(
n+1)
3

n+1
6)Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie∑∞
n=1 2 2 ,si
conv
erge
n( n+2)
FORUM 2

1.
-Hal
l
elaconv
ergenci
aodi
ver
genci
adel
assi
gui
ent
esser
ies:
-1
2.
7.
12.
….(
5n-
3) l
n [
1+(
n(n+2)
) ]
a)∑∞ c)∑∞ -1
n=1
1.
9.
17.
….(
8n-
7) n=1
4(
n(n+2)
)
1
en 1
b)∑∞
d)∑∞
n=1
n2 n=1 2
n+l
n (n2)

2.
-¿Conv
ergeodi
ver
gel
aser
ie
n
(
-1)
∑∞ n -
n ?
n=1
l
n (e+e)
n -
n n
Suger
enci
a:e + e < 2e

3.
-¿Par
aquev
alor
esdeP l
aser
ie∑∞
n=1
[n+5-n ]converge?
ρ ρ

4.
-Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie
1
∑∞
n=1
(
3n+1)
(3n+4)
(3n+7)
(3n+10)

5.
-Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie

[( ) ]
n
1
ln 1+ ( 1+n)
n
∑∞
nn)( n+1) )
n n+1
n=2
(
l n(
l

6.
-Hal
l
elasumadel
aser
ie
2
9n+10n+28
∑∞
n=1 3 3
(
3n+2)( 3n+8)