book

The word literature is derived

What is from the Latin term “litera”
literature? which means letter.

For Webster, literature is

anything that is printed, as
long as it is related to the ideas
and feelings of people, whether
it is true, or just a product of
one’s imagination.
• product of our
ancestors’ 1.Epic
traditions, beliefs,
and customs 2.Legend
• handed down
from generation 3.Myths
to generation
through 4.Folktales
incantation and
oral recitation 5.Folksongs
• Oral literature
Precolonial
• Written literature
Literature
6.Poetry
Philippine mythology is derived
from Philippine folk literature,
which is the traditional oral Philippine
literature of the Filipino people. Mythology

Philippine mythology includes

deities, creation stories, mythical
creatures, and beliefs.
 The supreme god who Kaptan Maguayan/ The goddess of the sea
dwells in the sky (Captan) Magwayan and death

The god of the wind The goddess of the sea,

and the son of Kaptan Lihangin Lidagat daughter of Maguayan

Likabutan Liadlaw Libulan Lisuga

The god of the world The god of the The god of the The goddess of the
and the eldest sun and the moon and the stars and the
children of Lihangin second children third children of youngest children
and Lidagat. of Lihangin ang Lihangin and of Lihangin and
Lidagat. Lidagat. Lidagat.
What is Riddles are questions
Riddle? rhythmically constructed. They
are meant to be answered right

The Ilocanos call riddles

“burburtia”, while the Tagalogs
refer to them as “bugtong”.
 They are in the
Characteristics form of either a
of Riddles metaphor or a
simile.

The answers to
the riddles are
usually the
things around
them.
 What is Proverbs are brief instructive
Proverb? expressions that suggest a
specific action, behavior, or
judgment.

Proverbs aim to teach people

and give advices. In Tagalog,
Filipino calls them salawikain. Each
salawikain suits appropriate
situations.
 Filipino English
Proverbs Translation
Kung may tiyaga, may nilaga. If you persevere, you will
reap the fruits of your labor.
Examples
Habang maikli ang kumot, While the blanket is short, of Proverbs
matutong mamaluktot. learn how to bend.
Huwag magbilang ng sisiw Don't count chicks until the
hanggang di pa napipisa ang eggs are hatched.
itlog.
Ang hindi lumingon sa A person who does not
pinanggalingan, hindi remember where he came
makakarating sa paroroonan. from will never reach his
destination.
Walang tiyaga, walang No pain, no gain.
nilaga.
 Filipino English
Proverbs Translation
Kung may tiyaga, may nilaga. If you persevere, you will
reap the fruits of your labor.
Examples
Habang maikli ang kumot, While the blanket is short, of Proverbs
matutong mamaluktot. learn how to bend.
Huwag magbilang ng sisiw Don't count chicks until the
hanggang di pa napipisa ang eggs are hatched.
itlog.
Ang hindi lumingon sa A person who does not
pinanggalingan, hindi remember where he came
makakarating sa paroroonan. from will never reach his
destination.
Walang tiyaga, walang No pain, no gain.
nilaga.
 Analogy
An analogy is a literary technique in which two unrelated
objects are compared for their shared qualities.
Types of Analogies include:
1. Synonym (happy : joyful :: sad : depressed)
2. Antonym (inflation : deflation :: frail : strong)
3. Characteristic (tropical : hot :: polar : cold)
4. Part/Whole (finger : hand :: petal : flower)
5. Degree (mist : fog :: drizzle : tropical storm)
6. Type(parrot : bird :: salmon : fish)
7. Tool/Worker (pen : writer :: voice : singer)
8. Action/Object (fly : airplane :: drive : car)
9. Item/Purpose (knife : cut :: ruler : measure)
10. Product/Worker (poet : poem :: baker : pie)
An analogy is a literary technique in which two unrelated
objects are compared for their shared qualities.
Types of Analogies include:
1. Synonym (happy : joyful :: sad : depressed)
2. Antonym (inflation : deflation :: frail : strong)
3. Characteristic (tropical : hot :: polar : cold)
4. Part/Whole (finger : hand :: petal : flower)
5. Degree (mist : fog :: drizzle : tropical storm)
6. Type(parrot : bird :: salmon : fish)
7. Tool/Worker (pen : writer :: voice : singer)
8. Action/Object (fly : airplane :: drive : car)
9. Item/Purpose (knife : cut :: ruler : measure)
10. Product/Worker (poet : poem :: baker : pie)
 Sentence Vs. Fragment
A sentence is a A fragment or a
group of words that sentence fragment is a
expresses a complete group of words which is
thought. It contains used as a sentence, but it
a subject and a does not express a
predicate. complete thought.

Ex. Ex.
The boy ran fast. Because he is late.
 Sentence Vs. Fragment
Sentence Fragment

Conveys a complete Does not convey a

thought complete thought
Always contains a subject May not contain a subject
and predicate. or predicate
Always contains at least Contains dependent clause
one independent clause
 Fragment Sentence

1.The girl wearing the pink The girl wearing the pink
dress. dress is my classmate.
2. For being industrious. I received a reward for
being industrious.
3. After he talked to me. My brother went to the
kitchen after he talked to
me.