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Design of Example RC Pier PDF
Design of Example RC Pier PDF
Design of Example RC Pier PDF
Problem Statement
Design RC Pier for two spans T-Beam Bridge to meet the following requirements.
Type of Bridge –Two spans T-Beam Bridge
Effective span of T Beam on each side of pier – 12 m
Depth of T –Beam - 1 m
Carriage way – Single lane without footpath
Height of Pier – 8 m
Allowable bearing capacity of bearing strata – 300 KN/m2
Velocity of water current – 3 m/sec
HFL is 1.5m below the bearing level
Bearing size – 250 mm × 400 mm × 64 mm
Design
In the example, RC Pier has been designed in the following steps.
I. Planning and Preliminary Design
Design of pier is started with the planning of shape, sizes and selection materials of pier.
In this step, type of pier, grade of concrete, grade of steel bar, approximate sizes of pier
stem and pier cap have been found.
B. Material Selection
Take
M20 grade of concrete for pier stem
M25 grade of concrete for pier cap
Fe 415 HYSD bars for all RC work
C. Geometry of Pier
𝜏𝑢𝑣 ≤ 𝑘𝑠 𝜏𝑢𝑐
𝑉𝑢 459.06 × 1.5 × 1000 2
Where, 𝜏𝑢𝑣 =𝑏 =2× = 0.35 N/mm
0 ×𝑑 250 + 400+560 + 560 × 560
= 1237 KN [Refer bearing design] Design Axial load (Pu) = 1.5 × 1237 = 1855.5 KN
𝑝 𝐴𝑔 𝑝 𝐴𝑔
Pu= 0.4fck ( Ag − ) + 0.67 × fy Take p = 0.8 % [Minimum longitudinal reinforcement]
100 100
2
Ag ≈ 182621 mm Diameter of stem = 483 mm > Dmin = 1000 mm
Adopt D = 1200 mm to consider debris impact, horizontal load, eccentricity of vertical load and biaxial
moments
8m
1.2 m 1.2 m
0.7 m 3m 0.7 m
𝐿𝐿𝐼 = 114 × 1.25 × (1+ 0.9) + 68 × 1.25 × (0.542 + 0.292 + 0.042) = 345.21 KN
1.2 m 200
𝑳 0 2
𝑭𝑾𝑪 = 52 × K × (V × sin20 ) × A 6.5 m
= 52 × 0.66 × (3 × sin200)2 × 6.5 × 1.2 × 10-2 L
F WC
1.2 m
= 2.82 KN
Response Calculation
0.7 m 3m 0.7 m
0.4 m 0.4 m 0. 5 m
0. 75 m
Face of pier stem
(Critical section of cap for BM and SF)
SF at face due to DL from superstructure, LL from superstructure, VL and Self wt. of Cap
(669.16 × 1.35 + 84.15 × 1.75) + 483.8 × 1.5 + (10.5 × 1.15 + 30.8 × 1.5) + (0.5 × 1.6 × 1.3 ×
0.25
25 × 1.35 + × 1.6 × 1.3 × 25 × 1.35) = 1878.48 KN
2
BM at face due to DL from superstructure, LL from superstructure, VL and Self wt. of Cap
= [(669.16 × 1.35 + 84.15 × 1.75) + 483.8 × 1.5 + (10.5 × 1.15 + 30.8 × 1.5)] × 0.9 + 0.5 × 1.6
1.6 0.25 1.6
× 1.3 × 25 × × 1.35 + × 1.6 × 1.3 × 25 × × 1.35 = 1834.6 + 32.71 = 1867.32 KN-m
2 2 3
𝑑 > 𝑑𝑏𝑎𝑙
a. Primary Reinforcement
𝑀𝑢 1867 .32 × 10 6
Find = = 2.965
𝑏×𝑑 2 1300 ×696 2
𝑀𝑢 0.98
For = 2.965, pt= 0.98 % 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = 100 × 1300 × 696 = 8867.04 mm
2
𝑏×𝑑 2
b. Distribution Reinforcement
16 2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = 0.25 × 𝜋 × × 15 = 2309.1 mm2
4
c. Temperature Reinforcement
Provide 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑡 per m width steel bars as temperature reinforcements in both
direction of slab at bottom. Adopt 10 mm ∅ bar @ 150 mm c/c.
𝑉𝑢 1878.48 × 1000
𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 2.08 N/mm2
𝑏𝑑 1300 × 696
𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.64 N/mm2 for M25 and pt = 1.02%
𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 N/mm2
𝜏𝑢𝑣 > 𝜏𝑢𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 < 𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 . Hence, shear reinforcement requires.
In the example, responses of pier at bottom for basic combination and seismic combination of
loads have been calculated. Loads taken are vertical and longitudinal loads in first case and
vertical and transverse loads in second case. [Refer annex B, Table 3.2, IRC 6-2010]
Case I
Basic combination of loads
Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1.35 903.37 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1.75 147.27 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 1.15 8 0 509.68 63.71
V
Fbr 10.50 1.15 12.08 0 0
L
FW 7.53 1.5 8 0 90.36 11.30
Wpier 299.24 1.35 403.98 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1455.67 692.14 12.21 2.82 96.28
0.27
LLI 374.50 1.5 561.75 154.48 0
5
Total (with LLI) 2017.42 846.62 12.21 2.82 96.28
LLII 483.80 1.5 0 725.70 0 0
Total (with LLII) 2181.37 692.14 12.21 2.82 96.28
Y
0.7 m 3m 0.7 m
X 0.55 m 1.3 m
X
0.275 m
1.5 m
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 846.71 𝐾𝑁 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 692.25 𝐾𝑁𝑚
Note: When Column Section is axisymmetric as in circular column, the resultant axis of bending is also a
principal axis. In such a situation, the case of biaxial bending simplifies into uniaxial bending with
Case I
Seismic combination of loads Y
Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1 669.16 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1 84.15 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 0.2 8 0 88.64 11.08
V
Fbr 10.50 0.2 2.1 0 0
L
Fs 84.75 1 8 0 678 84.75
VL
Fs 6.36 1 6.36 0 0
L
Fs (sub) 33.66 1 4 0 134.64 33.66
L
Fhyd 6.20 1 3.25 0 20.15 6.20
Wpier 299.24 1 299.24 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1049.98 1013.53 12.21 2.82 156.96
LLI 374.50 0.2 0.275 74.90 20.6 0
Total (with LLI) 1124.88 1034.13 12.21 2.82 156.96
LL 483.80 0.2 0 96.76 0 0
Total (with LLII) 1146.74 1013.53 12.21 2.82 156.96
i. When loaded on only one span ii. When loaded on both span
Total Axial Load (Pu) = 1124.88 KN Total Axial Load (Pu) = 1146.74 KN
Total Mux = 1034.13 KN-m Total Mux = 1013.53KN-m
Total Muy = 12.21 KN-m Total Muy = 12.21 KN-m
Total Hx = 2.82 KN Total Hx = 2.82 KN
Total Hy = 156.96 KN Total Hy = 156.96 KN
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 1034.2 𝐾𝑁m 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 1013.6 𝐾𝑁𝑚
Case II
Basic combination of loads
Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1.35 903.37 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1.75 147.27 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 1.15 8 0 509.68 63.71
V
Fbr 10.50 1.15 12.08 0 0
T
FW 30.10 1.5 8 0 0 361.2 45.15 0
Wpier 299.24 1.35 403.98 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1455.67 601.78 373.41 47.97 84.98
LLI 374.50 1.5 0.275 561.75 154.48 0
I
Total (with LL ) 2017.42 756.26 373.41 47.97 84.98
LLII 483.80 1.5 0 725.70 0 0
Total (with LLII) 2181.37 601.78 373.41 47.97 84.98
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 843.42 𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 708.22 𝐾𝑁𝑚
Case II
Seismic combination of loads
Dist. Eccentricity
Load from Pu Mux Muy Hx Hy
γf
(KN) bottom x (m) y (m) (KN) (KN-m) (KN-m) (KN) (KN)
(m)
DLss 669.16 1 669.16 0 0
DLwc 84.15 1 84.15 0 0
H
Fbr 55.40 0.2 8 0 88.64 11.08
V
Fbr 10.50 0.2 2.1 0 0
T
Fs 95.64 1 8 0 0 765.12 95.64 0
VT
Fs 28.7 1 28.7 0 0
Fs
T 33.66 1 4 0 134.64 33.66
(sub)
T
Fhyd 6.20 1 3.25 0 20.15 6.20
Wpier 299.24 1 299.24 0 0
FWC T 2.82 1 4.33 0 0 12.21 2.82 0
L
FWC 21.27 1 4.33 0 92.1 21.27
Fbuoy -73.51 0.15 -11.03 0 0
Total (without LL) 1072.32 335.53 777.33 98.46 72.64
LLI 374.50 0.2 0.275 74.90 20.6 0
Total (with LLI) 1147.22 356.13 777.33 98.46 72.64
LLII 483.80 0.2 0 96.76 0 0
Total (with LLII) 1169.08 335.53 777.33 98.46 72.64
𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 855.03 𝐾𝑁𝑚 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐵𝑀 (𝑀𝑢 ) = 𝑀𝑢𝑥 2 + 𝑀𝑢𝑦 2 = 846.65 𝐾𝑁𝑚
a. Longitudinal Reinforcement
Consider25 mm dia. bars with 50 mm cover.
25
𝑑ʹ 50+ 𝑑ʹ
2
= = 0.052. Use interaction diagram for = 0.05
𝐷 1200 𝐷
Design column for critical cases 1(i) and 2 (ii)
Case 1 (i)
𝑀𝑢 846.62 × 10 6
3
= = 0.025
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝐷 20×1200 3
𝑃𝑢 2017 .42 × 10 3
= =0.070
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝐷 2 20×1200 2
𝑝
= 0.013 [From chart 55, SP 16]
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
Case 2 (ii)
𝑀𝑢 846.65 × 10 6
3
= = 0.0245
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝐷 20×1200 3
𝑃𝑢 1169.08 × 10 3
= = 0.041
𝑓 𝑐𝑘 ×𝑑 2 20×1200 2
𝑝
= 0.015 [From chart 55, SP 16]
𝑓 𝑐𝑘
0.80
Hence, 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 100 × 𝜋 × 6002 = 9047.8 mm2
9047.8 × 4
𝑛= = 18.43
𝜋×25 2
For making axisymmetric in reinforcement, adopt 20 - 25 mm ∅ bar
𝜋 × (1200 − 62.5 × 2)
Spacing of bar = = 177.75 mm < 200 mm
20−1
b. Transverse Reinforcement
In the example, transverse reinforcement of pier stem has not been governed by shear
force. So, transverse reinforcement is provided by detailing rules. [Refer IRC 112, Cl. 16.2]
∅
Take circular lateral tie of ∅ = 10 mm ∅ ≥ 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 4
For potential plastic hinge region i.e. 1200 mm from the bottom of pier,
Spacing of tie (Sv) ≤ 5 × 25 = 125 mm
1200 – 2 × 62.5
≤ = 215 mm
5
Adopt spacing of tie (Sv) = 125 mm for potential plastic hinge region.
20 – 25 mm di
A
a.
A A
10 mm @ 200 mm c/c
10 mm @ 125 mm c/c
Up to 1.2 m height
10 mm @ 200 mm c/c