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Design Exmple RC T - Beam PDF
Design Exmple RC T - Beam PDF
Design Exmple RC T - Beam PDF
Design of bridge deck has been carried out in the following three steps.
B. Material Selection
Take
Width of Carriageway
Take, Width of Kerb = offset + width of railing post + min. clearance from post
= 50 + 225 + 225 = 500 mm
Height of Kerb ≥ minimum height from road surface
= 300 mm
Minimum width of kerb = 0.225 m from the face of railing
Minimum raised height of safety kerb from wearing course = 0.225 m
[Refer IRC 5-1998 Cl. 111]
Take Asphalt Concrete for wearing coat of bridge. Thickness of wearing coat is taken
50 mm at edge and 92.5 mm at crown of carriage way to give about 2% camber.
Provide heavy steel pipe with RC post as railing. [Refer IRC 5-1998 Cl. 115]
Take
RC post of 225 mm × 225 mm × 1100 mm
No of Post = 9 on either side of bridge @ 1.5 m spacing
3 - 48.3 mm ∅ heavy steel pipe @ 4.37 kg per running meter [Refer steel section book]
0.4m
1.1m
Fig: Railing
0.4m
0.4m
0.225m
Size of RC Slab
Provide
200 mm thick restrained slab with 150 mm× 300mm fillet at their ends
Cantilever slab of tapering shape with 170 mm thickness at tip up to 0.5 m and
350 mm depth at the root of cantilever.
Minimum thickness of slab =200mm at mid and 150 mm at cantilever tip [Refer IRC 21 Cl.305.2]
Deck of T-Beam bridge consists of two types of slab i.e. cantilever and restrained slabs. Both
types of slabs are analyzed and designed for one meter strip. So in this example load and
responses have been calculated for one meter strip of slab
ANALYSIS OF SLAB
0.15m
0.325m Wheel of 114 KN
axle of Class A load
0.3m
0.17m
0.35m
0.5m 0.475m
m
Live load per unit width of slab is calculated placing a wheel of 114 KN Axle at 0.15 m
from the face of the kerb. Live load per unit width of slab is found by dividing live load
by effective width of slab ‘bef’
𝑙
bef = 1.2a + b1 ≤ ; Where, a = 0.1625, b1 = 0.25 + 2 × 0.072 = 0.394 m
3
𝑙 0.975
bef = 0.589 and = = 0.325 m ; Adopt, bef = 0.325 m
3 3
57×0.325×1.5×1.5
Live load per unit width with impact =
0.5×0.325
= 256.5 KN (acts at 0.1625 m from support)
DESIGN OF SLAB
Since, dbal < dprov , section of slab is designed as Singly Reinforced Under-Reinforced
Section (SRURS). In the example, section design has been done by using SP16.
a. Primary Reinforcement
𝑀𝑢 𝑀𝑢 49.92× 10 6
Find 2
; = = 0.4875 ≅ 0.5
𝑏×𝑑 𝑏×𝑑 2 1000 ×320 2
𝑝𝑡 = 0.142% [For fck= 25N/mm2 and fy= 415 N/mm2] ≥ 𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.12%
0.142
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = × 1000 × 320 = 454.4 mm 2
100
Adopt 10 mm ∅ bar @ 150 mm c/c 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝑠𝑡 = 523.6 mm2
b. Transverse Reinforcement
𝑀𝑢 14.15 × 10 6
= 10 10 = 0.147≅ 0.15
𝑏×𝑑 2 1000 ×(320− − )2
2 2
𝑝𝑡 = 0.084 % [For fck= 25N/mm2 and fy= 415 N/mm2] < 𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.12%
Provide 𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.12 % of bD
0.12
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = × 1000 × 350 = 420 mm2
100
Adopt 10 mm ∅ bar @ 150 mm c/c 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣
𝑠𝑡 = 523.6 mm2
c. Temperature Reinforcement
Provide 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑠𝑡 = 402.2 mm2 per m width steel bars as temperature reinforcements
in both direction of slab at bottom. [Refer IRC 21- 2000 Cl. 305.17.4]
Adopt 10 mm ∅ bar @ 180 mm c/c.
Cantilever slab designed by effective width method is not necessary to check for
Shear. [Refer IRC 21- 2000 Cl. 305.16.2 note]
Assess dead load from its self-weight and wearing coat per its unit width.
Assess live load per unit width of slab, positioning wheels of 114KN axle of class A load at
the center of slab panel.
Find maximum BM at mid of shorter and longer span of Slab by Pigeaud’s Method.
Find maximum SF at support in shorter span of slab.
Design section of slab for bending moment and shear force and carryout detailing of
reinforcing bars.
ANALYSIS OF SLAB
Slab Panel
Direction
of traffic
500 mm st
Wheel of 1 114 KN
2.75 m I Axle of Class A load
250 mm
1.2 m
nd
Wheel of 2 114 KN
II Axle of Class A load
2.70 m
BM due to Wheel I
BM in shorter span = (m1 + µm2) × W × 0.8 = 18.88 KN-m
BM in longer span = (m2 + µm1) × W × 0.8 = 18.88 KN-m
Where,
𝑢 0.500 + 2 × 0.072
m1 = 0.16, m2 = 0.16 for K ≈ 1, = = 0.238,
𝐵 2.7
𝑣 0.250 + 2 × 0.072
= = 0.143, 𝜇 = 0.15, W = 57× IF × 𝑟𝑓 = 128.25 KN
𝐿 2.75
BM due to Wheel II
BM in shorter span = (BM of patch I – BM of patch II) × 1/2 = 2.63 KN-m
BM in longer span = (BM of patch I – BM of patch II) × 1/2 = 2.63 KN-m
Hypothetical Wheel
Identical to wheel II
II Direction
of traffic
2.75 m Patch I Patch II
= -
II
2.7m
Wheel of 114 KN
Axle of Class A
load
BM due to wheel I and wheel II in shorter span = 18.88 + 2.63= 21.51 KN-m
BM due to wheel I and wheel II in longer span = 18.88 + 2.63= 21.51 KN-m
Design moment due to DL and LL in shorter span = 21.51 + 2.98 = 24.49 KN-m
Design moment due to DL and LL in longer span = 21.51 + 2.98 = 24.49 KN-m
Max. SF due to dead load in shorter span of slab = SF due to Self Wt. of WC, & slab with fillet
𝑤𝑢 𝑙 0.2×25×1.35+0.072×22×1.75 × 2.70
= + Vufillet = + 0.25 × 0.15 × 0.3 × ½ × 2.75 × 25
3 3
= 9 KN [Only 25% of wt. of fillet is taken for shear calculation]
st
Wheel of 1 114 KN
1.8m Axle of Class A load
2.75m I II
1.2m I
I II
I
0.522m nd
Wheel of 2 114 KN
2.7m Axle of Class A load
Position of Class A
load for maximum SF
For wheel I
𝑎
𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼 = α × a 1 – + b1 = 2.24 × 0.522 × (1 - 0.522/2.70) + 0.394 = 1.34 m
𝑙
Where,
a = 0.25 + 0.2 + 0.072 = 0.522 m
𝐵
α = 2.24 for 𝐿 = 1 (For continuous slab)
b1 = W + 2h = 250 + 2 × 72 = 394 mm
Since the bef of individual wheel overlaps, find modified effective width.
𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼 𝑀𝑜𝑑 = 0.25+ 0.25/2 + 1.2 + 𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼 /2 = 2.245 m
Width of cross beam is taken into account for effective width calculation.
2 × 57 × 𝐼𝐹 × 𝑟 𝑓 𝐿𝐿
Load due to wheel I (FI) = = 114.2 KN/m
𝑏𝑒𝑓 𝐼 𝑀𝑜𝑑
L = 2.7 m
Reaction at A and B
RA × 2.7 = 114.20 × (2.7 – 0.522) + 120.14 × 0.378
∴ RA = 108.94 KN
RB = 125.4 KN
Design shear force due to DL and LL in shorter span = 125.4 × 0.8 + 9 = 109.32 KN
DESIGN OF SLAB
Since, dbal < dprov , section of slab is designed as Singly Reinforced Under-Reinforced
Section (SRURS). In the example, section design has been done by using SP16.
In long span
𝑀𝑢 24.49 × 10 6
= = 0.96
𝑏×𝑑 2 1000 × 160 2
𝑝𝑡 = 0.28% > 𝑝𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.12 %
0.28
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑠𝑡 = 100 × 1000 × 160 = 448 mm
2
b. Temperature Reinforcement
Provide 10 mm ∅ bar @ 300mm c/c in both directions at top of slab.
Bridge deck consists of two main girders and five cross girders with rigidly connected
deck slab. In the example, one main girder and two cross girders i.e. one end cross
girder and one intermediate cross girder have been analyzed and designed.
Assess loads dead load from slab, wearing coat, kerb and railing.
Assess live load on main girder. Combination of Class A load and uniformly
distributed load of 5 KN/m2 is taken as live load [Refer Cl. 204.3, IRC 6]
Find maximum BM at mid and quarter span of main girder due to DL and LL.
Find maximum SF at support and quarter span of main girder due to DL and LL.
Design Critical sections of main girder for bending moment and shear force.
Carry out curtailment, anchorage design and detailing of main steel bars.
A B
3m
RA l = 12 m RB
W W 5 KN / m
2
0.4m 1.8 m
0.5m
2.3 m 1.95 m
1 2
1.125 m 3m
2WI 2W ×0.825×I×1.5
R1 = + = 1.55 W
2I I×1.52 + I×1.52
In single lane bridge, Class A occupies 2.3 m strip of carriage way. Remaining strip
[4.25 - 2.3 = 1.95 m] should be loaded with UDL of 5 KN/m2 [Refer Table 2, IRC 6].
Reaction from UDL of girder 1 is found by Courbon’s Method.
2.29 KN/ m
Mu = 39.24 × 0.25 + 39.24 × 0.8 +165.66 × 2.4 + 165.66 × 3 + 98.82 × 0.85 + 0.5 × 3 × 12 ×
× 2.29 = 1060.99 KN-m
2.29 KN/ m
ILD of BM at
quarter span
2.25 1.95 0.875 0.125
1.2 m 4.3 m 3m with Class A
12 m and UDL
Mu = 165.66 × 2.25 + 165.66 × 1.95 + 98.82 × 0.875 + 98.82 × 0.125 + 0.5 × 12 × 2.25 ×
× 2.29 = 825.51 KN-m
ILD of SF at
support with
1 0.9 0.54 0.292 0.042
1.2 m 4.3 m 3m 3m Class A and UDL
2
12 m
ILD of SF at
0.75
quarter span
0.25 0.6 0.292 0.042
with Class A
1.2 m5 4.3 m 3m
12 m and UDL
bact = 2.625 m
bef = 2. 25 m
0.215 m
x x
1m
0.3 m 𝑦 = 0.729𝑚
1.125 m
Design Section
C.G. of section
0.785 0.215
0.785 × 0.3 × + 2.25 × 0.215 ×(0.785 + )
2 2
𝑦 = = 0.729 m
0.785 × 0.3 + 0.215 × 2.25
prov 2 max
Provide 10 – 28 mm ∅ bar Ast = 6157.52 mm Pt = 2.31 % < Pt =2.5%
4926.02×100
Provide 8 – 28 mm ∅ bar prov
Ast = 4926.02 mm
2
Pt = 918×300
=1.79% < Ptmax = 2.5%
Support Section
𝑉𝑢 665.37×1000
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 2.416N/mm2
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 300×918
Where, d = 1000 – 40 – 28 – 28/2 = 918 mm
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.785N/mm2 for M25 and pt = 1.79 %,
Quarter Section
𝑉𝑢 401.66×1000
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 1.504 N/mm2
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 300×890
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.885 N/mm2 For M25 and pt = 2.31 %
2
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 N/mm
Since 𝜏𝑢𝑣 > 𝜏𝑢𝑐 , design shear reinforcement
Provide 10 mm ∅ 2-legged vertical stirrups 300 mm c/c from quarter span to quarter
span of other side.
3 Detailing of Reinforcement
Find the length of extension of bar beyond the theoretical cutoff point (𝑙𝑑 ).
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑙𝑑 = 𝛼1 𝛼2 𝑙0 = 𝛼1 𝛼2 𝑛∅ = 1 × 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 × 46 × 28 = 1152.76 𝑚𝑚
1152.76 𝑚𝑚
Where, 𝛼1 = 1 for straight end
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞 4409.52
𝛼2 = 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 = 4926.02 = 0.895 2∅ = 56 𝑚𝑚
Theoretical cutoff point
∅ = 28 𝑚𝑚
2/3ld = 569mm
𝑙
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 < 𝛼𝛽𝛾𝛿𝜆 , 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙.
𝑑
Load due to self-weight of slab and wearing coat acts on contributory area of
triangular shape.
- Self-weight of Wearing Coat = 0.072 × 22 × 1.5 × 2 × 1.75 = 8.316 KN/m
- Self-weight of Slab = 0.2 × 25 × 1.5 × 2 × 1.35 = 20.25 KN/m
Total = 28.57 KN/m
Load due to self-weight of cross beam and fillet acts as a uniformly distributed load.
28.57 KN/m
6.16 KN / m
l=3
m
1.8 m
1.5 m
l=3m
3m
3m
Longitudinal position of Class A
load for maximum BM Contributory
Area of load for
Cross Girder
114 KN axle
of Class A
load
1.8 m
1.5 m
l=3m
3m
Longitudinal position of Class A 3m
load for maximum SF
Contributory
Area of load for
Cross Girder
6.16 × 3
Mu = × 1.5 – 6.16 × 1.5 × 1.5/2 + ½ × 28.57 × 3 × ½ ×1.5 - 1/2 × 28.57 × 1.5 ×
2
1.5/3 + 128.25 × 1.5 -128.25 × 0.9 = 105.31 KN-m
Load due to self-weight of slab and wearing coat acts on contributory area of
triangular shape.
- Self-weight of Wearing Coat = 0.072 × 22 × 1.5 × 1.75 = 4.158 KN/m
- Self-weight of Slab = 0.2 × 25 × 1.5 × 1.35 = 10.125 KN/m
Total = 14.29 KN/m
Load due to self-weight of cross beam and fillet acts as a uniformly distributed load.
14.29 KN/m
3.3 KN / m
l=3
m
Dead Load on End Cross Girder
3m
57 × 1.5 × 1.5 57 × 1.5 × 1.5
= 128.25KN = 128.25KN
1.8 m
3m
1.8 m
1.5 m 1.2 m
l=3m
3.3 × 3
Mu = × 1.5 – 3.3 × 1.5 × 1.5/2 + ½ × 14.29 × 3 × ½ ×1.5 - 1/2 × 14.29 × 1.5 × 1.5/3
2
+ 128.25 × 1.5 -128.25 × 0.9 = 91.43 KN-m
Find Mu,l
Xu,l = 0.48 d = 334.08 mm
Since Xu,l > Df and Df > 0.43Xu,l, find Mu,l for when NA lies in web and Df > 0.43Xu,l
𝑉𝑢 261.52 × 1000
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 1.49 N/mm2
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 250 × 702
Where d= 750 – 40– 16/2 = 702 mm
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.41N/mm2 for M25 and pt= 0.347 %,
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 N/mm2 for M25
Since 𝜏𝑢𝑣 > 𝜏𝑢𝑐 , design shear reinforcement.
Take, 10mm ∅ 2-legged vertical stirrups for shear reinforcement.
10 2
0.87 𝑓𝑦 × 𝐴𝑠𝑣 × 𝑑 0.87× 415× 2× 𝜋 × × 702
4
Sv = = = 210.05 mm
𝑉𝑢 𝑛𝑒𝑡 1.49−0.41 × 250 × 702
Sv < 0.75d =688.5 mm and < 300 mm adopt Sv=200 mm
Design Section
Find Mu,l
Xu,l = 0.48 d = 216.96 mm
Since Xu,l > Df and Df > 0.43Xu,l, find Mu,l for when NA lies in web and Df > 0.43Xu,l
𝑉𝑢 246.52 × 1000
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑣 = = = 2.18 N/mm2
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 250 × 452
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑐 = 0.5 N/mm2 for M25 and pt= 0.534 %,
Find 𝜏𝑢𝑐 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 N/mm2 for M25
4- 20mm dia.
4- 20 mm dia.
8 – 28 mm dia. 10 – 28 mm dia.
Longitudinal Section of Main Girder
3 – 16 mm dia.
4 –8 mm dia.