SUBMITTED BY

NAME= NEERU
B.ARCH-4TH = SEM, 2ND YEAR
FROM= R.T.I.A.DESIGN
 SIX BASIC
PRINCIPLES
OF
LANDSCAPE
DESIGN
UNITY

CREATION OF UNITY

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 VAREITY
• VAREITY ADDS SPICES AND INTEREST IN LANDSCAPE FROM
THE HELPS OF-
LINES
FORMS
TEXTURES
COLORS
• VAREITY IS DIVERSITY AND CONTRAST IN FORM, TEXTURE
AND COLORS PREVENTING MONOTONY.
• IT HAS OFTENTIMES BEEN SAID THAT ‘VARIETY’ IS “THE SPICE
OF LIFE”
• IT IS REQUIRED IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE AN SIGNIFICANT
INTEREST IN LANDSCAPE
• FOR VARIETY, FILL IN WITH OTHER LANDSCAPE MATERIAL.
• TOO MUCH VAREITY CREATES CONFUSION BUT THE LACK OF
VARIETY IS BORING USING VARIETY OF
FLOWER AND
• WITHOUT VAREITY IN BOTH THE USE OF HARD AND SOFT SHRUBS TO
LANDSACPE MATERIAL, THIS CAN BE LEAD TO UNFAOURABLE CREATE THE LINE
RESULTS. OF SIGHT

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BALANCE

BALANCE SPACES

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 SYMMETRICAL BALANCE
• SYMMETRICAL BALANCE IS WHERE THERE ARE MORE OR
LESS EQUALLY SPACED MATHCHING ELEMENTS OF IN
GARDENS DESIGNS LKE MIRROR IMAGE.

• FORMAL BALNCE- REPEATS THE SAME LEFT AND RIGHT,

GIVING STABILITY AND DIGNITY.
• IT IS NEED HIGH MAINTAINANCE KEEP BOTH SIDE SIMILAR.
• SYMMTRICAL BALANCE CAN BE BORING .
• DISTRIBUTION OF VISUAL WEIGHT EQUALLY.
• EYE FELLS THE SENSE OF UNITY OR THE EYE MOVEMENT
INDICATOR.
CENTRAL AXIS
SHOWN BOTH
SIDE EGUAL
BALANCE

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 ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE

CENTRAL AXIS
SHOWING
ASSYMETRICAL
BALANCE IN THE
IMAGES
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SEQUENCE

SEQUENCE OF TREES,GRASS AND SHRUBS

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 SIMPLECITY
• ACHIEVED BY THE REPETITION OF IDEAS OR MATERIAL.
• SIMPLICITY IS THE CONCEPTS OF REDUCING OR
ELIMINATNG NONESSENTIALS FEATURES TO AVOID A
CHAOTIC LOOK.
• REDUCE THE DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF THEMES
• THE REDUCTION OF A DESIGN TO ITS SIMPLEST,
FUCTIONAL FORM WHICH AVOIDS UNNESSARY COST AND
MAINTAINANCE.
• LESS CAN BE MORE
• SIMPLECITY IN THE LIMITATION OF CHANGES
• ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PROBLEM IN LANDSCAPE IS
TRYING TO DO “TOO MUCH”
• SIMPLICITY IS THE ESSENTIAL FOR THE LANDSCAPE
DESIGN.
• PLANTS AND THE OTHER MATERIALS OF DESIGNING IN
LANDSACPE COMPONENTS IN TO A SIMPLE, UNIFIED
SCHEME IS ALWAYS AN EXISTING CHALLENGES

SIMPLICITY
SHOWN IN
IMAGES FROM
THE
REPETITION
OF
LANDSCAPE
ELEMENTS

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 PROPORTIONS
• SIMPLY REFERS TO THE SIZE OF ELEMENTS IN RELATION TO EACH
OTHER THAT IS “SCALE”.
• RELATIVE PROPORTION IS THE SIZE OF AN OBJECT IN RELATION TO
OTHER OBJECTS. AN IMPORTANT ABSOLUTE SCALE IN DESIGN IS
THE HUMAN SCALE.
• A FEELING OF BALANCE CAN ALSO BE ACHIEVED BY HAVING EQUAL
PROPORTIONS OF OPEN SPACE AND PLANTED
• PROPORTION IS THE SENSE OR REQUIREMENT THAT THE SIZE OF
THE INDIVISUAL COMPONENTS OR GROUPS OF COMPONENTS IN A
LANDSCAPE FIT INTO THE WHOLE LANDSCAPE.
• PROPORTION IS THE RELATIONSHIP WITH WIDTH OR LANGTH OF
AN AREA TO THE RELATIONSHIP TO PARTS OF AN ORGANISATION.
• SPECIAL CONSIDERATION AND STUDY SHOULD BE GIVEN TO
PROPER PLANT SELECTION TO AVOID USING PLANTS THAT ARE OUT
OF PROPORTION.
• SCALE USUALLY BEARS REFRENCES OF SIZE OF A THING OR OBJECT
THAT APPEARS TO HAVE A PLEASING RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER
THINGS OR TO THE DESIGN AS A WHOLE.

PROPORTIONS IS RELATES FROM THE HUMANN

DIMENSIONS

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ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPE DESIGN

1. COLOUR

2. FORM

• The 5 basic
3. LINE OF SIGHT elements of
landscape
4. SCALE OR BALANCE design are:

5. TEXTURE
 COLOR WHEEL

Color theory is often used in

landscape design by dividing
the color spectrum into 4
categories:
1. Primary: reds, yellows and
blues.
2. Secondary: greens, violets
(purples) and oranges.
3. Tertiary: Mixtures of the
primary and secondary
categories.
• Neutral: White, grays and
silvers.
ALL THE IMAGES FOLLOWS THE PRINCIPLE OF
LANDSCAPING LIKE UNITY VAREITY, ETC
 FORM

• In landscape design terminology, form is the shape

of a plant.
• Upright
• oval
• Columnar
• spreading
• broad spreading
• Weeping

• Tall plants create a vertical look, drawing the

eye upward
• Low spreading plants draw the eye to the
horizon.
• Use individual specimen plants to break
monotony and create interest.
• A mixture of a variety of form becomes
confusing
 LINE OF SIGHT

• The line of sight is the viewer's eye movement or

flow being influenced by the arrangement of plants
and their borders.
• Eye movement is unconsciously affected by the way
plant groupings fit or flow together, both on the
horizontal and vertical planes.

• Hedges or rows of plants direct the attention to a

focal point or specific. Area.

• Meandering lines or curves slow movement and

create a natural, undisturbed feeling.
 SCALE AND BALANCE

• The visual relationship of the Landscape components,

relative to size.
• Equal sizes on both sides of the landscape gives
balance

• Symmetrical – the repeating of the elements on either

side of an axis(an imaginary central line)

• Asymmetrical – equal size or weight on both sides of

the axis, without repeating specific elements
 TEXTURE

• Texture is the touch or visual surface quality of an

object, or plant

• The texture of a plant's foliage or bloom can be

viewed as coarse, medium or fine.
 WATER
• WATER HAS BEEN USED BY LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTS AS A KEY AESTHETIC FACTOR.
• IT WAS IMPLEMENTED FOR BREAKING THE
MONOTONY CAUSED BY THE SOLID MATERIALS
USED BY ARCHITECTS OR ARTISTS

INTRODUCTION
• WATER IS AN IMPORTANT DESIGN ELEMENT.
• LIKE PLANTS, WATER HAS QUALITIES THAT
CHANGE OVER TIME AND IN DIFFERENT LIGHT
AND WEATHER CONDITIONS
• ITS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A WIDE VARIETY OF
EFFECTS, FROM THAT OF A STILL POND, TO THE
EXCITEMENT OF A GREAT CASCADE. ROLE OF WATER IN LANDSCAPE AESTHETICS
WATER RELATED LANDSCAPE VALUES
1. SOUND OF WATER OR WATER BIRDS
2. MOVEMENT OF RIVERS, WATERFALLS OR WAVES
3. COLOURS OF WATER AND COASTS
4. REFLECTIONS ON WATER SURFACE
5. POSSIBILITY OF EXPANDING BIOTOPES OF CERTAIN SPECIES.
6. WATER CREATES A SCULPTURING EFFECT.
 ROCK

• “Rock” Could Be boulders, cobbles, Stone

And Gravel As paving, or Building Walls
As Groundcovers And surfacing.
Can Be Used In Its Natural State Or As
Cut stone, Sawed Stone Or Polished
stone.
It Is More Expensive Than Most artificial
Materials But It Is Very durable, With
Interest texture. FLAG STONE

GRAVELS IN SEVERAL
COLORS

GRANITE PAVERS

PABBLES