Tutorials

Tutorial 2, Problem 1

• Density distribution:
  Az  B
• When z  0,   1000 kg m3 : B  1000
• When z  1 ,   1400 kg m3 : 1400   A  1000
A  400
  400 z  1000
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-1
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 1
• Hydrostatic equation:
dP
  g
dz
dP
   Az  B  g
dz
P z
 dP     Az  B  gdz
Patm 0
 z2 
P  Patm   g  A  Bz 
 2 
 
• At z  1 m ,
  1  2 
P  Patm  9.81 400  1000   1 
 2 
 
P  Patm  11772 Pa = 11.772 kPa
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-2
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5
• Part (b)

• Depth of centroid:
h
hC  yC 
2
• Area of gate:
A  hb
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-3
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5
• Magnitude of hydrostatic force acting on gate:
FR   ghC A
h2
 FR   gb
2
• Second moment of area:
1 3
I xx,C  bh
12
• Location (depth) of center of pressure:
I xx,C
yP  yC 
yC A
2h
 yP 
3
• Taking moments about hinge:
FR  yP  FB  h
 gbh 2
 FB 
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I 3 T-4
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5
• Part (a)

• Horizontal component of hydrostatic force and its line of

action on entire gate are the same as for Part (b):
 gbh 2
FH 
2
2h
yP 
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I 3 T-5
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5

• Vertical component of hydrostatic force on curved

section of gate (quadrant of circle):
• Magnitude corresponds to weight of fluid extending from
curved surface to the free surface:
 1  h 2   gbh 2
FV  W        bg 
4 2  16
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I   T-6
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5
• Line of action of vertical hydrostatic force on curved
section of gate lies along
h 4  h 2  h 2h
xP    
2 3 2 3
from hinge

ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-7

 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5

• Taking moments about hinge:

 FH  yP    FV   xP   FB h
2
7  
 FB   gbh   
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I
 32 24  T-8
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5
• Part (c)

• Resultant hydrostatic force acting on upper half curved

portion which is a quadrant passes through hinge 
Hydrostatic force acting on upper half of gate has no
moment about hinge  Only consider lower vertical half
of gate
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-9
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5
• Depth of centroid of lower vertical half of gate:
h 3h
hC  yC  h  
4 4
• Area of lower vertical half of gate:
hb
A
2
• Magnitude of hydrostatic force acting on lower vertical
half of gate:
FR   ghC A
 3h   hb  3
 FR   g       gbh 2
 4  2  8
• Second moment of area:
3
1 h bh3
I xx,C  b   
12  2  96
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-10
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 5
• Location (depth) of center of pressure:
I xx,C
yP  yC 
yC A
7h
 yP 
9
• Taking moments about hinge:
FR  yP  FB  h
7  gbh 2
 FB 
24

ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-11

 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 6
• Geometric properties of triangle:

• For this problem, a  h , b  0.5h . Hence,

0.5h  h3 h 4
I xx,C  
36 72
• Surface area of triangular gate:
1 h2
A   h  0.5h 
2 4 T-12
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 6

ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-13

 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 6
• Location of centroid C:
h 11h
yC  0.4h  
3 15
• Magnitude of resultant hydrostatic force:
FR   ghC A
FR   g  yC sin 30  A
 11h 1   h 
2
FR   g    
 15 2   4 
11
FR   gh3
120

• Location of center of pressure CP:

I xx,C
yP  yC 
yC A
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-14
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 6
h4
11h 72 89h
yP   
15  11h   h  110
2
   
 15   4 

• T  tension in the cord

• N  normal reaction force acting on apex of triangular gate
• Neglect weight of gate
• Taking moments about the hinge:
FR   yP  0.4h   T  h cos 30  N  h cos 30
• When gate is on the verge of opening, N = 0. Hence,
FR   yP  0.4h   T  h cos 30
FR   yP  0.4h 
T
h cos 30
ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-15
 Tutorials
Tutorial 2, Problem 6
11 3  89h 
 gh    0.4h 
T
120  110 
h cos 30
T  0.0433 gh3
• Consider equilibrium of forces acting on solid block:
T W  U
• Let V represent volume of solid block:
T  0.25 Vg  Vg
0.75 Vg  T
0.75Vg  0.0433 gh3
V  0.0577 h3

ME2134 Fluid Mechanics I T-16