CHAPTER VI-Design of Stair, Ramp & Lift Core

84
CHAPTER 6
DESIGN OF STAIR, RAMP & LIFT CORE
6.1 Design of Stairs
There are one stairs, starts from basement floor from roof top. Details of stair are given in
Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1: Stair Plan View
A Study on Planning & Design of a 15 Storied High Rise Residential Building in Dhaka
85
Figure 6.2: Stair Elevation
86
Analysis and design of Stair
Design data:
Height of the flight = 5'
Effective span length = 19'-1"
Tread =10" Rise =6"
fy = 60,000 psi f′c= 3,000 psi
F.F = 25 psf L.L = 100 psf.
Assume, waist slab thickness = 6''
Effective depth, d = 6-1 = 5''
Load calculation:
6 1 7.5
∗150∗
1.Self weight of waist slab = 12 cosθ √5 +7.5 2
2
[ cosθ = =
0.832]
6 1
∗150∗
= 12 0.832 = 90.14psf
1 10 6
∗ ∗ ∗10∗150
2 12 12
2. Self-weight of Steps = 7.5 = 41.67 psf
3. Floor finish = 25.00 psf
4. Live load = 100psf
Factored load,
W t = 1.2*(90.14+41.67+25) +1.6*100 = 348.17psf
Moment calculation:
2
1 348 . 17 ∗19 . 083
W T l 2=
−Ve Moment at support = 9 n 9 = 14087.767lb-ft =
14.088k-ft
2
1 348 .17 ∗19 . 083
W T l 2=
+Ve Moment at mid span = 14 n 14 = 9056.42Ib-ft = 9.056k-ft
Check for “d”:

f ' c 87000 3000 87000
ρb =0 . 85 β 1 ∗ =0 . 85∗0 .85∗ ∗
f y 87000+ f y 60000 87000+60000 = 0.0214
87
ρmax = 0 .75ρ b = 0 .75∗0.0214 = 0 .0160
fy
(
M u =φρbd 2 f y 1−0 .59 ρ
f 'c )
60
(
=> 14 . 088∗12 =0 . 90∗0 .0160∗12∗d 2∗60 1−0 . 59∗0. 0160∗
3 )
So, d=4 . 48 <`5 ok .
As calculation:
+Ve steel for mid span
M u = 9.056 k-ft = 108.672k-in
0. 85 f 'c 2Mu
ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

0. 85∗3 2∗108. 672
= 60 [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗0 . 90∗3∗12∗5 2 )}]
= 0.00734>0.0018
As = ρbd = 0.00734*12*5 = 0.44 in2/ft.
0.2∗12
≅ 5 c/
Use 12mm bar and spacing = 0.44 = 5.46"c/c
Use 12mm bar @ 5.0'' c/c, which will be alternated cranked at the supports.
-Ve steel for both supports

M u = 14.088k-ft = 169.056k-in
0. 85 f 'c 2Mu
ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

0. 85∗3 2∗169. 056
= 60 [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗0 . 90∗3∗12∗5 2 )}]
88
= 0.0121>0.0018
As = ρbd = 0.0121*12*5 = 0.73in2/ft.
0.73∗10
−0.20=0.41in2
Required Extra top = 12
Use 2-12mm bar as extra top in between two ckd. bars.
Temperature & Shrinkage bar:

Ast= 0.0018 b*h
= 0.0018*12*6 = 0.13in2/ft
Use 10mm bars, area is 0.11 in2

0.11∗12
Spacing = 0.13 =10.15''=10'' c/c
Use 10mm bar @10'' c/c, above the main bar.
Development Length (Ld):
1
In slab (roughly) extra top bar is cut at a distance fr om the face of the support, where
3
L is the clear span.
L
Ld =
3
Horizontal span =7.5' & Vertical span = half of floor height =5'
Inclined span (L) of waist slab =√ ¿ ¿ ¿) =9.014'
9.014
Ld = =3.0'
3
Details of reinforcement arrangement are shown in Figure 6.3.
89
Figure 6.3: Reinforcement Details of Stair
90
6.2 Design of Ramp

One ramps provided at entry and exit, having. Each ramp is straight having inclination
angle of 15.0 degrees and starts at road level (supported on concrete wall) and ends on
basement floor (mat foundation) which is 5ft below the road level.
Design data:
fy = 60,000 psi
f’c= 3,000 psi
L.L = 10 psf 26.93ft 7ft
F.F = 10 psf
26 ft
Span length = 26.93 ft
Ramp Width = 17.5ft
Vehicular Load = 50psf
Let, Thickness of Ramp = 16 in
d = (16-1.5) = 14.5"
Load calculation:
16 1 26
∗150∗
1. Self-weight of Ramp slab = 12 cosθ [ cosθ = 26 . 93
=0.965]
16 1
∗150∗
= 12 0.965 = 208 psf
2. F.F = 10 psf
3. Vehicular Load = 50psf
4. L.L =10 psf
91
Factored load,
W t = 1.2(208 +10) + 1.6 (50 +10) = 357.6 psf
Moment calculation:
2
1 357. 6∗26
W T l 2=
−Ve Moment at Ext. = 24 n 24 = 10072.4lb-ft = 10.072k-ft
1 357 . 6∗26 2
W T l 2=
+Ve Moment at mid span = 14 n 14 = 17266.97 lb-ft= 17.27 k-ft
2
1 357 . 6∗26
W T l 2=
−Ve Moment at Int. = 9 n 9 = 26659.733lb-ft = 26.86k-ft
Check for “d”:
f ' c 87000 3000 87000
ρb =0 . 85 β 1 ∗ =0 . 85∗0 .85∗ ∗
f y 87000+f y 60000 87000+60000 = 0.0213
ρmax = 0. 75ρ b = 0.75∗0.0213 = 0.016
fy
(
M u =φρbd 2 f y 1−0 .59 ρ
f 'c )
60
(
=> 26 . 86∗12 =0 . 90∗0 .016∗12∗d 2∗60∗ 1−0 . 59∗0. 016∗
3 )
=>d =6.19} {¿ < d = 14.5 " so ok.
As calculation:
Main steel
+ Ve steel for Mid Span
M u = 17.27 k-ft = 207.24 k-in
0. 85 f 'c 2Mu
ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

0. 85∗3 2∗207 . 24
= 60 [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗0 . 90∗3∗12∗14 .52 )}]
= 0.00154<0.0018
Selected ρ=0. 0018

As = ρbd = 0.0018*12*14.5 = 0.3132 in2/ft
92
0.31∗12
Use 16mm bar and spacing = 0.3132 = 11.87''= 11.5"c/c
Use 16mm @ 11.5'' c/c which will be alternated cranked at the supports.
-Ve steel for Ext support

M u = 10.072 k-ft = 120.864k-in
0. 85 f 'c 2Mu
ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

0. 85∗3 2∗120 . 864
= 60 [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗0 . 90∗3∗12∗14 .52 )}]
= 0.00089<0.0018
So selected ρ=0. 0018
As = ρbd = 0.0018*12*14.5= 0.3132 in2/ft.
0.3132∗23
−0.31=0.29 in2
Use 116mm bar as extra top in between two ckd bars.
-Ve steel for Int. support

M u = 26.86k-ft = 322.32 k-in
0. 85 f 'c 2Mu
ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

0. 85∗3 2∗322. 32
= 60 [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗0 . 90∗3∗12∗14 .52 )}]
= 0.00243>0.0018
As = ρbd = 0.00243*12*14.5 = 0.425 in2/ft.
0.425∗23
−0.31=0.51in2
Use 2-16mm bar as extra top in between two ckd bars.
93
Temperature & Shrinkage bar

As = 0.0018 b*h
= 0.0018*12*16 = 0.3456 in2/ft
Use 16mm bar, area is 0.31 in2

0.31∗12
Spacing = .3456 = 10.76'' = 10.5'' c/c
Use 16mm @ 10.5'' c/c above the main bar.
Details of sectional dimensions and reinforcement arrangement of ramp are presented in

Figure 6.4.
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Figure 6.4: Reinforcement arrangement of Ramp
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6.3 Detailing of Lift Core (Shear Wall)
This gives details of lift core design for lateral loadings. There are several lift core in this
15-Storied Residential Building. All lift cores are analyzed, designed and detailed by
ETABS 2013 Software. Allocation of lift cores, detailing of lift core of ground floor level
and roof level is presented in Figures 6.5~6.8.
Figure 6.5: Wall Layout Plan
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Figure 6.6: Lift Core Section (At Ground Floor Level)
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Figure 6.7: Lift Core Section (At 6th Floor Level)
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Figure 6.8: Lift Core Section (At Roof Level)

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CHAPTER VI-Design of Stair, Ramp & Lift Core

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Figure 6.1: Stair Plan View

Figure 6.2: Stair Elevation

Analysis and design of Stair

Check for “d”:

ρmax = 0 .75ρ b = 0 .75∗0.0214 = 0 .0160

ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

As = ρbd = 0.00734*12*5 = 0.44 in2/ft.

-Ve steel for both supports

ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

As = ρbd = 0.0121*12*5 = 0.73in2/ft.

Temperature & Shrinkage bar:

Use 10mm bars, area is 0.11 in2

Development Length (Ld):

Details of reinforcement arrangement are shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3: Reinforcement Details of Stair

6.2 Design of Ramp

ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

Selected ρ=0. 0018

-Ve steel for Ext support

ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

So selected ρ=0. 0018

As = ρbd = 0.0018*12*14.5= 0.3132 in2/ft.

-Ve steel for Int. support

ρ= fy [1-{√ (1- 0. 85∗ϕ∗f 'c∗b∗d 2 )}]

As = ρbd = 0.00243*12*14.5 = 0.425 in2/ft.

Temperature & Shrinkage bar

Use 16mm bar, area is 0.31 in2

Details of sectional dimensions and reinforcement arrangement of ramp are presented in

Figure 6.4: Reinforcement arrangement of Ramp

6.3 Detailing of Lift Core (Shear Wall)

Figure 6.5: Wall Layout Plan

Figure 6.6: Lift Core Section (At Ground Floor Level)

Figure 6.7: Lift Core Section (At 6th Floor Level)

Figure 6.8: Lift Core Section (At Roof Level)

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As = ρbd = 0.00734125 = 0.44 in2/ft.

As = ρbd = 0.0121125 = 0.73in2/ft.

As = ρbd = 0.00181214.5= 0.3132 in2/ft.

As = ρbd = 0.002431214.5 = 0.425 in2/ft.