Post Construction Repair Guidelines

Guideline – Welded Enclosure Guideline POST CONSTRUCTION REPAIR GUIDELINES
POST CONSTRUCTION REPAIR GUIDELINES
Welded Enclosure Guideline

Operating Environment: Onshore, Pipelines, and Topsides
Intended for internal Chevron use only; not for distribution to non-Chevron personnel or organizations.
This document is the confidential property of Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be disclosed
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Date Description Author Technology Leader

11/15 Initial release. A. Gutkovsky J. Taagepera
April 2014 © 2014 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential – Restricted Access 1 of 22
Guideline Contents
1.0 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 4

2.0 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ..................................................................................... 4
3.0 APPLICABILITY................................................................................................................ 4
3.1 Applications.............................................................................................................. 4
3.2 Code Acceptability ................................................................................................... 5
3.3 Acceptable Defect Types ......................................................................................... 5
4.0 DEFECT CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT .......................................... 6
4.1 Required Service Lifetime ........................................................................................ 6
4.2 Defect Characterization ........................................................................................... 7
4.3 Risk Assessment ..................................................................................................... 7
4.4 In-Service Welding Risk (Burn-Through) ................................................................. 8
5.0 Welded Enclosure Design ................................................................................................ 8
5.1 General Welded Enclosure Configuration................................................................ 8
5.2 Loads to Consider .................................................................................................. 11
5.2.1 Pressure ...................................................................................................................... 11
5.2.2 Temperature ............................................................................................................... 11
5.2.3 Axial Thrust Load due to Pressure ............................................................................. 11
5.2.4 Dead Weight ............................................................................................................... 11
5.2.5 Constrained Thermal Expansion ................................................................................ 12
5.2.6 Thermal Fatigue .......................................................................................................... 12
5.2.7 Pressure Cycling ......................................................................................................... 12
5.2.8 High Cycle Fatigue due to Vibration ........................................................................... 12
5.3 Evaluation of Equipment Being Repaired .............................................................. 12
5.3.1 Design Code of the Equipment Being Repaired ......................................................... 12
5.3.2 Remaining Strength of the Equipment Being Repaired .............................................. 12
5.3.3 Collapse Pressure of the Equipment Being Repaired ................................................ 12
5.3.4 Enclosure Weight Impact on the Equipment Being Repaired .................................... 13
5.4 Design of Welded Enclosure by Component ......................................................... 13
5.4.1 Gross Dimensional Parameters .................................................................................. 13
5.4.2 Cylindrical Components .............................................................................................. 14
5.4.3 Flat Plates/End Plates ................................................................................................ 14
5.4.4 Flanges ....................................................................................................................... 15
5.4.5 Welds .......................................................................................................................... 15
5.4.6 Opening Reinforcement .............................................................................................. 15
5.4.7 Lifting Lugs.................................................................................................................. 15
5.4.8 Vents and Drains ........................................................................................................ 15
5.4.9 Miscellaneous Components ........................................................................................ 15
5.4.10 Design by Analysis ............................................................................................... 15
5.5 Additional Design Considerations for Welded Enclosures ..................................... 16
5.5.1 Sectioning of Components .......................................................................................... 16
5.5.2 Enclosures Made from Fittings ................................................................................... 16

5.5.3 Differential Thermal Expansion................................................................................... 16
5.5.4 Forming Strains........................................................................................................... 16
5.5.5 Enclosed Bolts ............................................................................................................ 16
6.0 MATERIAL ...................................................................................................................... 17
6.1 Enclosure Body Material ........................................................................................ 17
6.2 Corrosion Allowance .............................................................................................. 17
6.3 Process Effect on Aged Material............................................................................ 17
6.4 Post-Weld Heat Treatment .................................................................................... 17
6.5 Sealant ................................................................................................................... 18
6.6 Welding Consumables ........................................................................................... 18
7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION ............................................................................................ 18
7.1 Surface Preparation of Enclosure Sections ........................................................... 18
7.2 Surface Preparation of Equipment Being Repaired ............................................... 18
8.0 WELDING ....................................................................................................................... 19
8.1 Welding While Line is in Service (Avoiding Risk of Burn-Through) ....................... 19
8.2 Lifting Lug Welds ................................................................................................... 19
8.3 Perimeter Attachment Welds ................................................................................. 19
8.4 Joining Butt Welds ................................................................................................. 19
8.5 Weld Procedures ................................................................................................... 19
8.6 Heating Procedures ............................................................................................... 19
8.6.1 Bakeout Prior to Welding ............................................................................................ 19
8.6.2 Preheat During Welding .............................................................................................. 19
9.0 NDE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 20
9.1 Inspection of the Equipment Being Repaired......................................................... 20
9.2 Inspection of the Perimeter Attachment Welds ...................................................... 20
9.3 Inspection of Full Penetration Seams Joining Adjacent Sections .......................... 20
9.4 Inspection of Lifting Lugs ....................................................................................... 20
9.5 Note Regarding Pressure Testing.......................................................................... 20
10.0 INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................. 20
10.1 Pre-Installation Activities ........................................................................................ 20
10.2 Installation Activities............................................................................................... 21
10.2.1 Surface and Weld Preparation ............................................................................. 21
10.2.2 Fit-up .................................................................................................................... 21
10.2.3 Execution of Welding............................................................................................ 21
10.2.4 Grinding Smooth for Fatigue Resistance ............................................................. 21
10.3 POST INSTALL...................................................................................................... 21
11.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 22
1.0 SCOPE
This guideline provides recommendations for the design, construction, and installation of Carbon and
Low Alloy Steel welded enclosures for piping, pipeline, and ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section VIII (ASME BPVC VIII) Division 1 and 2 pressure vessels. Acceptable repair types for tanks
are comprehensively covered by API 653.
This guideline compiles industry best practices from construction codes, post-construction standards,
and industry knowledge to ensure that the design and installation of welded enclosures meets industry
best practices across Chevron facilities. In conjunction with this guideline, it is important for the
particular facility to review the applicable code of construction, local jurisdictional requirements, and
perform a risk assessment before undertaking this post construction repair. If the applicable code of
construction or jurisdiction provides guidance or restrictions regarding use of welded enclosures, it must
be used and the guideline can be consulted for items not explicitly addressed. This guideline is not
intended for contractor use.
2.0 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Welded enclosures (sometimes called welded “leak boxes”) are strategically used in certain applications
on piping, pipeline, and other fixed equipment to encase defects that have progressed beyond the bounds
of the original design. Guidance for design and application of welded enclosures is well defined in the
industry and this document provides a focused consolidation of that guidance to be used across Chevron
facilities.
3.0 APPLICABILITY
This section reviews applicability of welded enclosure repairs to specific fixed equipment, related
industry construction codes, and generally acceptable defect types to be repaired.
3.1 Applications
Welded enclosures are mainly employed on facility piping, and less commonly on pressure vessels or
other large diameter fixed equipment. They are rarely employed on tanks or pipelines. Welded
enclosures are not used on tanks mainly due to impracticality – if welding is allowed, other
well-established methods, such as lap patch repair, are employed. Use of welded enclosures on pipelines
is similarly not common because of availability of other well-established welded and non-welded
permanent repair methods (e.g. encirclement sleeves and composite wraps). It should be noted that
B31.4 and B31.8 pipeline codes condone the use of small welded fittings to encase local degradation as
a permanent repair, a special case that can be employed if necessary.
Welded enclosures are most applicable in locations where a tightly fitting repair such as an encirclement
sleeve or lap patch would interfere with the presence of non-cylindrical geometry. Such configurations
are commonly found on process piping fitted with branches, tees, repads, bleeders, vents, etc. Enclosures
may be desired on pressure vessels at nozzles, and over other local geometries that are difficult to encase
by other means.
Welded enclosures are meant to contain a local leak or a projected future leaking area, by encompassing
the area with a new pressure boundary. They are also commonly designed to structurally reinforce the
equipment being repaired. Unless explicitly stated in the design, welded enclosures should be expected
to carry piping bending loads and axial thrust if the underlying equipment wastes away.
In general, welded enclosures are considered temporary repairs. The temporary repair designation is
driven by code and jurisdictional requirements. Although welded enclosures can serve as robust long
term repairs, Chevron ETC aligns with industry best practices and does not recommend using welded
enclosures as permanent repairs. Chevron ETC advises that installed welded enclosures should be
replaced with components compliant with the original code of construction at the next available
opportunity.
3.2 Code Acceptability

Some codes of construction and most post-construction standards provide basic guidance for employing
post-construction repairs. In the case of welded enclosures, their design and implementation is only
addressed in select post construction codes and is not mentioned in new construction codes (except for
brief special mention in B31.4 and B31.8). ASME BPVC VIII vessels repaired per API 510 would
classify welded enclosures as temporary repairs, and it is possible that governing jurisdictions may even
reject their use in a temporary capacity. Pipework and pipeline construction codes and standards are
more lenient in the use of welded enclosures. B31.3 code does not provide post-construction guidance,
but API 570 classifies enclosures as temporary repairs. B31.4 and B31.8 mention only a special case
where enclosures made from fittings can be considered permanent, and all other configurations are
temporary. Because B31.4 and B31.8 codes offer many permanent solutions, a welded enclosure (which
Chevron ETC recommends classifying as temporary) would be a rare occurrence. Table 1 provides an
overview of current code guidance for welded enclosure acceptability.
It is critical for the facility to review the most recent version of the code, applicable API documents,
local jurisdictional requirements, Chevron CES guidance, and perform a risk assessment before
undertaking a repair. Where a new construction code or standard provides no guidance,
post-construction standards and codes should be consulted for design considerations.
3.3 Acceptable Defect Types

Welded enclosures are mostly applicable to localized defects such as local thinned areas or pitting.
Defects that are expected to grow in size over time are acceptable only when a growth assessment has
been completed and the defect is not expected to grow larger than the boundary of the enclosure.
Welded enclosures must not be used to encase axially-oriented cracking unless the cracking mechanism
has been eliminated, the crack growth itself has been arrested by some means, or it is demonstrated that
the presence of the welded enclosure will arrest crack growth. Circumferential cracks may be addressed
using welded enclosure if the enclosure is properly designed to withstand axial loads in case of
separation. Careful consideration of underlying equipment separation and potential impacts should be
included in the risk assessment if addressing a circumferential crack.
In many cases, a welded enclosure will be used on an active leak as pressure containment. An enclosure
can also be used proactively in anticipation of a throughwall defect. In both cases, the future corroded
condition at the end of the service lifetime must be considered.
Table 1: Welded Enclosure Acceptability per Industry Codes and Standards

Welded Enclosure Acceptability
Temporary
Code or Standard Equipment Served Permanent Repair
Repair
B31.3 ‐ Process Piping Facility Process
No Guidance No Guidance
(New Construction) Piping Systems
B31.1 ‐ Power Piping Facility Power
No Guidance No Guidance
(New Construction) Piping Systems
B31.4 ‐ Liquid Pipeline
Liquid Pipeline No Guidance Limited1
(New Construction)
B31.8 ‐ Gas Pipeline
Gas Pipeline No Guidance Limited2
(New Construction)
ASME BPVC Section VIII
(DIV 1 and 2) Pressure Vessels No Guidance No Guidance
(New Construction)
API 510 ‐ Pressure Vessel
Inspection Code Pressure Vessels Acceptable Not Acceptable
(Post Construction)
API 570 ‐ Piping Inspection
Facility
Code Acceptable Not Acceptable
Piping Systems
(Post Construction)
NBIC – Part 3
Pressure Vessels No Guidance No Guidance
(Post Construction)
Acceptable if Compliant
ASME PCC‐2
All Acceptable with Original Code of
(Post Construction)
Construction
Notes:
1
B31.4 allows permanent welded enclosures addressing local defects, made from fittings NPS 3 and
smaller.
2
B31.8 allows permanent welded enclosures made from fittings addressing a local defect, without a
stated size restriction.
4.0 DEFECT CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

4.1 Required Service Lifetime
Establishing the required service lifetime of the enclosure is critical to ensuring the welded enclosure
design will accommodate the design conditions until it is removed from service. The required service
lifetime must also be employed to define the “future corroded condition” of the defect during defect
characterization.
The required service lifetime is commonly established by the needs of the facility and the maintenance
schedule of the equipment being repaired. An enclosure on in-plant pressure vessels and process piping
is generally required to reach the “next available maintenance opportunity”, at which point the
equipment must be permanently repaired. This approach is best practice and required within Chevron for
process piping and pressure vessels, as mandated by API 570 and 510. The definition of “next available
maintenance opportunity” does not necessarily imply the earliest possible shutdown window, as many
factors can affect whether the plant can be shut down and the equipment accessed for maintenance. As
such, a reasonable service lifetime should be chosen to last until the selected maintenance opportunity
for the repair, with some contingency for changes in the proposed shutdown schedule.
4.2 Defect Characterization

The surface of the damaged equipment must be sufficiently cleaned to size the defect area using
non-destructive examination (NDE). As well, the degradation mechanism must be defined to determine
the future corroded condition at the end of the service lifetime. Identifying whether a defect is a result of
mechanical fatigue cracking, local pitting, general corrosion, environmental cracking, etc. will help
determine the strategy for encasing the current defect and potential future extent. If the defect growth is
unpredictable or the degradation mechanism cannot be defined, the use of a welded enclosure should be
employed only after weighing the risks associated with potential future degradation and establishing a
mitigation plan.
The welded enclosure must be sized such that it will land on “sound metal”, an area where the thickness
is above the Tmin (Nominal thickness minus corrosion allowance) in the future corroded condition. It is
critical to base the encased area on the future corroded condition at the end of the service lifetime.
4.3 Risk Assessment

In addition to defining the required service lifetime and characterizing the defect to be repaired, a formal
risk assessment should be completed. Several items specific to the consideration of a welded enclosure
are:
 Is an enclosure an appropriate repair for the identified defect or are there other alternatives?
 Is there a risk of burn-through based on the location where the enclosure will land?
 Will stagnant fluid be acceptable between the enclosure and repaired equipment? Is accelerated
degradation (deadleng corrosion) expected?
 Stagnant process may cool to ambient temperature within the enclosure boundary and pool at low
points. Can this be detrimental to the enclosure or the equipment being repaired? Will gaseous
process condensation be harmful if it occurs? Condensation or accumulation of process water in an
enclosure is commonly the most corrosive and damaging condition that needs to be assessed.
 Will the location of the enclosure result in added risks during installation? Is installation of an
enclosure feasible in the desired location?
 Will the condition of the equipment being repaired (active leak) require special precatutions for
access and installaiton of the enclosure?
 If the welded enclosure encases a flange pair, are the bolts at risk of rapid degradation and failure
due to prolonged exposure to the process?
 Are there any additional failure mechanisms introduced with the installation of a welded enclosure?
 Is fatigue failure due to cyclic loading a concern? Enclosures introduce corner geometries that can be
more susceptible to fatigue degradation than butt-welded connections.
 Will PWHT be required for the installation of the enclosure, and can it be completed safely and
effectively without imposing additional yield level stress onto the equipment? See Section 6.5 for
further discussion.
 Will sealant be beneficial in the enclosure design?
— If sealant migrates through the defect and into the process stream, can it damage downstream
equipment (pumps, filters, etc.) or affect the process stream?
— Will the equipment being repaired be detrimentally affected if wall temperature increases to that
of process temperature? An enclosure with sealant may insulate the line, possibly causing
increased corrosion in that location.
Additional considerations may be identified after discussing a specific application.
4.4 In-Service Welding Risk (Burn-Through)

Since welded enclosures are commonly used to repair equipment in operation, risk of burn-through
during in-service welding is a critical consideration. This risk should be reviewed during the risk
assessment phase and evaluated before proceeding with an encasement design. See Section 8.1 for
applicable Chevron guidance on in-service welding. Local hot tap procedures and approvals should be
employed for a welded enclosure installed while equipment is in operation, pressurized, or containing
flammable materials.
5.0 Welded Enclosure Design

The following section provides a discussion of pertinent design focus areas for a welded enclosure.
5.1 General Welded Enclosure Configuration

Welded enclosures are usually custom-designed and engineered for a specific application. Therefore, the
potential shape configurations are limited only by the equipment needing repair and practical size limits.
The most common and simple enclosure configuration is one that addresses a defect on a straight pipe
section. Such an enclosure generally consists of the following features:
 A cylinder section split into two halves

 End plates or caps (also split into halves) to transition from the enclosure cylinder section to the pipe
being repaired
 Full penetration welds joining the pressure boundary components
 Vents and drains
 Lifting lugs
Figures 1 and 2 show a design that would apply to simple straight cylinder section if the end cap included
a hole to allow for pipe penetration. The specific enclosure in Figures 1 and 2 was used in conjunction
with sealing the studs and nuts to encapsulate a valve bonnet leak that could not be arrested with sealant
injection. Figures 3 and 4 show additional actual welded enclosures designed for Chevron facilities. It is
clear that most designs are rarely as simple as that described above.
Figure 1: Burnaby - Welded Enclosure Encapsulating a Valve Bonnet - Design
Figure 2: Burnaby - Welded Enclosure Encapsulating a Valve Bonnet - Installed
Figure 3: Burnaby - FCC Regenerator Catalyst Drain Valve Enclosure Design
Figure 4: El Segundo – Crude Overhead Line Tee Enclosure
Increased complexity of the equipment being repaired will require additional enclosure features and
parts. For example, if the enclosure must encompass an adjoining geometry on the straight pipe (e.g.
high point bleeder vent), the main cylinder may include an branch with a small nozzle and cap. Tees and
elbows would required unique configurations to accommodate the geometry. Although the enclosure
design is limited only by the imagination (and good engineering pracitces), keeping the weight down is
critical in choosing the components to use.
It may be necessary for an enclosure to be injected with sealant to prevent migration of the process into
the annulus. This approach can provide added protection from aggressive process if the material of the
enclosure will be susceptible to rapid degradation. Sealant injection will not provide absolute protection
to the enclosure, so designing for eventual process contact will still be required.
5.2 Loads to Consider

When performing an enclosure design, it is important to consider all applicable loads that may be
imposed on the enclosure.
5.2.1 Pressure
Pressure applied to the enclosure can be defined by design pressure, MAOP, or some limiting
component in the system (such as a PRD or flange rating). Hydrostatic head acting on the enclosure at
the elevation of the repair must be considered, but is mostly applicable on vertical vessels with
appreciable liquid height. If the component is subject to external pressure loading as part of the
equipment design, buckling or instability must be considered. It should be noted that the diameter for a
welded enclosure will be larger than that of the original equipment (except on vessel enclosures targeting
a local area), so thicker wall components will be required to maintain the stress magnitudes of the
original equipment design.
5.2.2 Temperature
It is strongly recommended that enclosures be implemented on equipment operating in the ductile
temperature range, above the minimum design metal temperature. As well, enclosures are recommended
for equipment operating lower than the creep range (650°F (345°C) for Carbon Steel), above which
additional evaluation will be required (thermal fatigue, creep, etc.). If equipment does not meet these
temperature constraints, contact ETC for discussion of the additional evaluation required for the specific
application.
5.2.3 Axial Thrust Load due to Pressure
In case of leakage, axial thrust load due to pressure acting on the enclosure must be considered. If an
enclosure is used on a localized degraded area, the remaining cross-section of the equipment being
repaired may be able to accommodate the axial thrust loading, but this should be checked.
5.2.4 Dead Weight
For long runs of unsupported pipe, dead weight can impose bending stress on the enclosure. A piping
stress analysis should be performed to identify whether any significant gross bending moment exists in
the location of the enclosure. If a significant bending stress exists (>30% of allowable stress), a fatigue
screening may be necessary. This is not a consideration for buried pipeline.
Compressive dead weight should be considered for enclosures on vertical vessels, especially in a hot
shutdown condition coupled with compressive wind loading. In general, the moment of inertia and area
of the enclosure cross-section will have sufficient load carrying capacity for structural stability, but this
should be verified.
Additionally, the dead weight of the enclosure as it affects the piping system or vessel should be taken
into consideration, and new supports (or strengthening of existing supports) should be installed if
necessary. In some facilities, large increases in vessel foundation loads may trigger a comprehensive
seismic assessment, so additional weight acting on the foundation should be reviewed with a civil
engineer.
5.2.5 Constrained Thermal Expansion

For long lengths of constrained line that may experience temperature cycles, gross bending moments can
be generated during thermal cycles and transferred to the enclosure. The overall design of the system
should be reviewed to determine whether this is a valid consideration. This loading is generally not
present on vessels.
5.2.6 Thermal Fatigue
The number of thermal cycles that the enclosure will be exposed to during its service lifetime must be
considered. If a temperature difference of 100°F (180°C) between the enclosure and repaired equipment
occurs more than 200 times during the service lifetime, a fatigue assessment is required. Contact a stress
analysis SME for such cases.
5.2.7 Pressure Cycling
The number and magnitude of expected pressure cycles that the enclosure will be exposed to during its
service lifetime must be considered. If the system is subjected to greater than 400 significant cycles
during the service lifetime, where a significant cycle is greater than or equal to 20% of design pressure, a
fatigue assessment is required. Contact a stress analysis SME for such cases.
5.2.8 High Cycle Fatigue due to Vibration
Fatigue due to flow-induced vibration or oscillation at a resonant frequency should be evaluated if
present. Installation challenges are apparent on vibrating lines. As well, exacerbation of oscillation
amplitude can result with the additional enclosure mass, and may lead to rapid failure of attachment
welds or other susceptible locations in the system.
5.3 Evaluation of Equipment Being Repaired

The equipment being repaired must be evaluated to ensure the enclosure addresses all aspects of its
diminished capacity.
5.3.1 Design Code of the Equipment Being Repaired
Review the code of construction of the equipment being repaired and define what design code should be
used for the enclosure design. A survey of the most common codes used in the oil and gas industry
identified the ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 Code as having the largest design margins (at low
temperature) when compared with piping, pipeline, or other vessel codes. Further, many of the enclosure
component designs can be readily accommodated with ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 Code formulas.
Thus, it is recommended to use ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 allowable stresses in lieu of the original
code of construction allowable stresses, so long as it can be demonstrated that they are more
conservative. The chosen allowable stress for enclosure must be appropriate for the material at design
temperature.
5.3.2 Remaining Strength of the Equipment Being Repaired
Evaluate the remaining strength of the equipment being repaired in the future corroded condition at the
end of the service lifetime. Evaluate whether the equipment will be able to accommodate the axial thrust
load due to pressure and axial loads due to bending moment. Inadequate remaining material to carry the
imposed loads will require the enclosure to provide adequate structural reinforcement.
5.3.3 Collapse Pressure of the Equipment Being Repaired
If sealant will be injected, calculation of the allowable external pressure may be necessary to prevent
collapse of the equipment being repaired. Allowable external pressure may be calculated using the
approach in API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007, Annex A, A4.4 for simple cylinders. The effective length
can be taken conservatively as the length of the enclosure, as the connecting edges of the enclosure
provide stiffening for the underlying component. If a more complex shape requires evaluation, FEA may
be employed to solve for the buckling pressure. A conservative margin of 10x against the buckling
pressure should be maintained to arrive at the allowable external pressure. It should be noted that the
injection pressure for the sealant does not necessarily equate to the applied external pressure on the
equipment being repaired due to variable characteristics of sealant products. Accurately measuring the
applied pressure within the enclosure via some secondary means will help with decision making around
exceeding collapse pressure.
5.3.4 Enclosure Weight Impact on the Equipment Being Repaired
The unique geometry of a welded enclosure can add significant weight to the equipment being repaired.
Specifically on a piping system, the loads can be considerable and additional supports may be required.
It is critical to check the impact of this added loading on the piping system and supporting structural
components. Enclosure weight including a process/ sealant-filled annulus should be considered. The
following list provides some guidance on which aspects of the system should be checked, but is not
meant to be exhaustive:
 Check the bending stress on pipe due to enclosure weight, piping contents, and pipe weight itself.*
 Check shear on pipe due to enclosure weight.*
 Check impact of torsion on piping system, if applicable (e.g. enclosure is placed on a branch
deadleg, which imparts torsion on the main pipe run).*
 Check loading on adjacent supports to ensure capacity is not exceeded (pipe shoes, spring hangars,
etc.).*
 Work with Civil Engineering to check the support structure for overstress (use engineering judgment
for this item. Not necessary for relatively small enclosures).
 If the enclosure is located such that it may impact a vessel nozzle, check to ensure the additional
weight is acceptable and does not impart excessive bending stress on the vessel shell. WRC297 or
WRC537 approaches should be used for such a check, and can be executed efficiently using a
software package such as Compress or PV Elite.
*A Caesar II piping stress model can be used to check the imact of enclosure weight on the piping
system.
5.4 Design of Welded Enclosure by Component

This section is intended to cover welded enclosure design by focusing on its parts. The design of a
welded enclosure is similar to that of a small pressure vessel, and design by rule or design by analysis
approaches can be used depending on the complexity of the design.
5.4.1 Gross Dimensional Parameters
A rough design of the enclosure components should be laid out, considering the required inside diameter
to encase the equipment being repaired. The length of the rough design should be such that all
geometries requiring encasement will fit within the enclosure boundary. The length should also be
sufficiently large to encompass the entire defect in its future corroded condition at the end of the service
lifetime.
It is recommended that the welded enclosure be at least 6” (100mm) long and extend a minimum of 2”
(50mm) past the edge of the defect or boundary of predicted future corrosion on either side. Practically,
most enclosures will be much larger than the minimum 6” length. It is critical that the enclosure edges be
located on sound metal to ensure adequate wall thickness for the attachment weld.
Maximum enclosure dimensions are not limited by industry codes or standards, and are instead limited
by the manipulation capabilities of the maintenance crew performing the installation and the deadweight
carrying capacity of the equipment being repaired.
The enclosure should be laid out such that interference with surrounding equipment is avoided and the
enclosure can be successfully installed.
If nearby enclosures or patches exist, some separation should be maintained to avoid interaction of the
two geometries and their weld heat affected zones. A new enclosure should be installed such that the toe
of the attachment weld is at least 2*(Inside Diameter*TMIN)0.5 away from adjacent enclosures on piping
and pipelines, and 4*(Inside Radius*TMIN)0.5 on vessels. This set-back distance also applies if an
enclosure is placed in the proximity of a nozzle or other structural discontinuity. If the enclosure must be
placed closer to a structural discontinuity than this limit, advanced analysis techniques (such as FEA)
can be utilized to assess local stress interactions.
If placing the enclosure near a circumferential or longitudinal seam, the welded edge of the enclosure
must be least 6” (150mm) away from the seam. A seam may be covered by the enclosure, but placement
of the edge of the enclosure per the above guidance ensures that interaction with the HAZ will be
minimal.
An enclosure must not be installed on top of an existing patch or enclosure unless thorough analysis is
completed.
Use of 3D modeling software is a very powerful tool for laying out enclosure components on existing
equipment. 3D modeling can help anticipate clearance issues, simulate installation sequences, and
evaluate alternatives before any material is cut or fabricated. Coupled with 3D laser scanning, un-even
surfaces and deviations from construction drawings can be identified early, and plans can be developed
to address them. For complex enclosures, using 3D modeling software is highly recommended.
5.4.2 Cylindrical Components
The minimum thickness of the cylinder shell components should be determined by the standard
cylindrical component design approach (most commonly ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 - UG-27). As
with standard pressure vessel design, the hoop stress in a cylindrical component governs the required
thickness unless the welded enclosure is intended to carry axial loads and bending moments and the
magnitudes are significant enough to govern design. If two cylindrical sections are joined by a full
penetration weld seam, the joint efficiency of the weld seam based on completed NDE should be taken
into account. The cylindrical component calculations provide the thickness in the corroded condition,
and an adequate corrosion allowance must subsequently be added.
5.4.3 Flat Plates/End Plates
A welded enclosure almost certainly will include flat end plates or end caps due to its larger diameter
than the equipment being repaired. Reducer sections may alternatively be employed to make the
transition from the enclosure diameter to the pipe diameter. Large flat end plates are also useful as a
surface for the cylindrical portion to land on, and can allow for onsite adjustments if necessary.
Flat end plates should be designed to ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 UG-34 or other code equivalent.
ASME BPVC VIII Division 1, Figure UG-34 attachment details in sketch e, h, or i are most commonly
used. Sketches “h” and “i” are recommended as they detail full penetration corner joints.
For high pressure applications, a flat plate may not be practical and split end caps or specially fabricated
head components may be used. Conformance to B16.5 or ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 UG-32 for
formed head minimum thickness is an appropriate design approach.
5.4.4 Flanges
It is rare for a welded enclosure to include flange components but in some cases it may be necessary.
B16.5 flanges, or custom flanges using the ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 Appendix 2 design approach,
are acceptable, similar to flange components found in pressure vessel design.
5.4.5 Welds
Full penetration welds must be employed at all joints, unless their implementation is impractical or
impossible. If partial penetration welds are used, the combined loading across the weld throat should be
evaluated. Fillet welded connections without partial penetration must not be employed as they are
considered inferior to partial/full penetration welds and can be avoided in most cases.
5.4.6 Opening Reinforcement
Opening reinforcement is another common consideration in a welded enclosure. A common opening is
found in the end plates for piping protrusion. Where an opening exists, opening reinforcement adequacy
must be checked as it would be with a pressure vessel. ASME BPVC VIII Division 1, UG-36 through
UG-42, provides the rules for opening reinforcement to be used for enclosures. Large openings (greater
than 50% of diameter) can be evaluated using Appendix 14. Inadequate opening reinforcement must be
remedied by additional reinforcement, via thickened sections or other means.
5.4.7 Lifting Lugs
Lifting Lugs should be designed to handle the dynamic load of the enclosure weight. Adequate load
carrying capacity must be available in both orientations (weak direction and strong direction) of the lug
and the weldment. This is generally a minor consideration for enclosures as lugs are usually sufficiently
stout for the relatively low component weight.
5.4.8 Vents and Drains
Vents and drains are necessary in most welded enclosure designs to serve multiple functions. Vents and
drains can direct an active leak away from installation personnel during assembly, allow for venting of
gases generated by welding, provide a port for sealant injection, and grant access for leak testing.
5.4.9 Miscellaneous Components
Guidance cannot be provided for all possible unique components of welded enclosures. Most
components resemble or borrow from common piping or pressure vessel design, and can be evaluated
using approaches found in B31.3 or ASME BPVC VIII Division 1. Those that cannot be evaluated with
common approaches should be evaluated by sound engineering design principles (Roark’s formulas for
example) or advanced approaches (FEA).
5.4.10 Design by Analysis
FEA is a very powerful tool for designing an enclosure. Some welded enclosure configurations can only
be successful with unique or unusual combinations of shapes, fittings, and weldments. FEA allows for
the accommodation and evaluation of those unique shapes that would otherwise not fit the formulas
provided in conventional equipment design codes. FEA blends well with the initial layout efforts using
3D modeling, as the laid out 3D model can be rapidly ported into an FEA processor and analyzed.
Using industry-accepted design by analysis approaches is a requirement of employing FEA. See
PVM-DC-6158. Although PVM-DC-6158 focuses on design of new equipment by analysis, most of the
same concepts apply to post-construction design of enclosures. Contact an ETC SME for support if FEA
is required.
5.5 Additional Design Considerations for Welded Enclosures

5.5.1 Sectioning of Components
Thinking through the installation steps will help identify issues that can arise when maneuvering
enclosure pieces into place. The installation sequence can also identify whether further segmentation of
the enclosure is necessary. Input from maintenance crews doing the work is critical in ensuring that
correct and doable installation steps have been identified, and that the enclosure is constructed from the
optimal number of sections.
5.5.2 Enclosures Made from Fittings
Enclosure segments, or entire enclosures, can be constructed from off-the-shelf pipe fittings to achieve
desired shapes/contours, avoid fabrication delays, and simplify installation. A viable approach to
addressing a small defect on a vessel is to install a nozzle with a blind flange over the affected area. If the
nozzle design matches that of a nozzle already present on the vessel (material, size, schedule,
reinforcement, etc.), it can be considered a repair (not an alteration) and may be easily accepted by a
governing jurisdiction. It should be noted that a welded enclosure will always be of the “set-on”
attachment type, while Chevron requires the use of “set-in” nozzle designs on its vessels. The NBIC
allows for a new attachment to be considered a “repair” regardless of this detail only if reinforcement
and strength calculations are not a requirement of the original code of construction. Contact ETC and a
local Authorized Inspector to verify code requirements. The use of fittings to address small defects on
pipeline is allowed for B31.4 and B31.8, but is limited to NPS 3 fittings for B31.4.
For welded enclosures that intend to use fittings, the effect of manufacturing tolerance must be
considered in the design. Further, given that some components are proof tested to determine their
pressure and temperature capacity, engineering judgement and advanced analysis tools must be used to
evaluate their capacity and limits for a welded enclosure (e.g. tee sections).
Modifications of fittings, such as creating an opening through a cap to allow piping to penetrate or
splitting an elbow to create a half elbow section is a great way to obtain certain required shapes, but the
resulting piece must be evaluated using accepted code or industry engineering approaches, or FEA.
5.5.3 Differential Thermal Expansion
Differential thermal expansion should be evaluated if the material of the enclosure is different than that
of the equipment being repaired. Most low chrome alloys have similar thermal expansion characteristics
to carbon steel and resultant differential thermal expansion is minimal. A choice to use a stainless steel
enclosure on carbon steel equipment should trigger a thorough differential thermal expansion review. If
temperature fluctuations remain low (say 200°F), the differential thermal expansion should be minor and
its effects will be negligible.
It should be noted that if an enclosure is designed in its room temperature state to fit a hot operating piece
of equipment, expansion will occur once the enclosure is affixed. Any growth and subsequent induced
strain that may result will have to be accounted for in the design.
5.5.4 Forming Strains
Welded enclosure sections are commonly formed during fabrication to achieve desired bends or radii.
ASME BPVC VIII Division 1 UG-79 cold forming strain limits must be checked to determine whether
heat treatment will be required to relieve excessive cold forming strains.
5.5.5 Enclosed Bolts
Bolts requiring encasement as part of a welded enclosure present several challenges. Bolts not designed
for exposure to the process can experience in-service embrittlement, general corrosion, and loss of yield
strength, all of which can lead to premature failure of the bolted connection. The enclosure must be
designed to handle axial load and not rely on the bolts for load carrying capacity, or the bolt material
must be reviewed and approved for prolonged use with exposure to the process. B7 bolts are inferior for
resistance against in-service embrittlement. B7M or alloy bolts should be considered if service is
particularly aggressive relative to corrosion or stress corrosion cracking.
As well, partially enclosed bolts provide leak paths for the process to migrate out of the enclosure. A
common example is encasing a flange leak by landing an enclosure on the outside diameter wall of the
flange pair. Seal welding is commonly employed on the stud-to-nut and stud-to-flange intersection to
prevent process migration, and should be employed if such a leak path exists after partially encasing
bolts.
6.0 MATERIAL
6.1 Enclosure Body Material
The enclosure body material should generally match the material of the equipment being repaired. A
situation may arise where a different metallurgy may be better suited to resist the degradation
mechanism affecting the local area. A material differing from the equipment being repaired must be
evaluated for acceptable strength, ductility, cathodic interaction, thermal expansion, notch toughness,
weldability (including post weld heat treatment) and chemistry. Most importantly, the material chosen
must be compatible with the service. If used, sealant does not provide a guaranteed barrier for process
migration and some interaction with the process may occur. Consult with a Materials Engineer for
unique material selection considerations.
6.2 Corrosion Allowance

Corrosion allowance selection for the enclosure should be carefully considered. Consult with a Materials
Engineer to ensure that the selected corrosion allowance is adequate for the service lifetime. All
components of the enclosure must be evaluated in the corroded condition.
6.3 Process Effect on Aged Material

The cumulative process exposure effects on the material of the equipment being repaired must be
considered before proceeding with an enclosure. A hydrogen bakeout may be required to address
embrittlement, hydrogen charging, and other phenomena that would otherwise preclude the use of
welding as a means of attachment to the aged steel.
6.4 Post-Weld Heat Treatment

If the original equipment was Post-Weld Heat Treated (PWHT), PWHT of the welded enclosure and
attachment weld must be considered.
If the original equipment was PWHTed for ASME Code thickness requirements, there is a good chance
that the enclosure will use thicker plate (given the larger diameter) and will require PWHT. Equipment
that was originally PWHTed for service can be adversely affected by the process in multiple locations if
the enclosure is not properly heat treated. The attachment weld of the enclosure and the inside wetted
surface of the equipment being repaired at the location of the attachment are susceptible to
environmental effects. Thus, for PWHT triggered by either thickness or service, there is a high
probability that PWHT will be required. A Materials Engineer should be consulted to evaluate PWHT
considerations and feasibility of alternative methods.
External and internal heating elements are required for PWHT to minimize thermal mismatch between
the enclosure and equipment being repaired. Minimizing thermal mismatch ensures complete
penetration of soak temperature at the attachment weld and maximizes residual stress reduction. In most
cases, internal heating supplementing external heating using electric resistance heaters is not possible on
piping or pipelines due to lack of clearance or access. Fired heating of the enclosure annulus may be an
acceptable approach.
It should be noted that in-service equipment cannot be safely heat treated at the required temperatures. If
PWHT cannot be achieved but is required, it is recommended to explore alternatives to welded repair.
6.5 Sealant
If sealant is recommended for use in the enclosure, sealant compatibility with the process for all
expected operating conditions should be reviewed. Maximum and minimum temperatures, process
composition (H2S, amines, chlorides, acid, etc), time dependent issues (exposure over an extended
period), and thermal cycling are some of the considerations that should be discussed with the sealant
company engineer.
6.6 Welding Consumables

Welding consumables should be in line with Chevron fixed equipment best practices and approved
welding procedures. Consumable strength must be equal to, or greater than the base metal of the
equipment being repaired. It should be noted that bimetallic welds have inferior properties and subject to
in-service damage mechanisms. Bimetallic welds should be avoided and, if necessary for the design,
should be discussed with the materials engineer for acceptability. If in-service welding is required,
additional welding consumable restrictions may be needed to mitigate the risk of delayed hydrogen
cracking or burn-through. See PVM 600, WEM 100, and WEM 300 for a detailed discussion.
7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION

7.1 Surface Preparation of Enclosure Sections
Weld preparation must be performed in accordance with the weld design and applicable weld procedure.
The final surface weld preparation should be completed by grinding or machining. Torch cutting is
acceptable only if the final surface is ground or machined. Any seams joining two enclosure sections
must be a single vee open to the outside and have a 1/16” (1.5mm) land at the root location. A sufficient
gap must be maintained to obtain a full penetration weld. The perimeter attachment weld groove must be
prepared with for a full penetration corner joint, per the specified weld procedure.
7.2 Surface Preparation of Equipment Being Repaired

The entire surface that will be covered by the enclosure should be preliminarily cleaned to allow UT
inspection to map the remaining thickness. This initial cleaning must be minimally intrusive to ensure
that hole-through does not occur in thinned locations. Once NDE has been completed and a thickness
profile established, the landing location for the perimeter attachment welds must be prepared for welding
by grinding.
8.0 WELDING
8.1 Welding While Line is in Service (Avoiding Risk of Burn-Through)
When installation on in-service equipment is necessary, company and industry best practices for hot
work on live equipment must be followed. See PIM600 (Section 670) and PPL800 (Section 5.2.2) for
considerations. Burn-through modeling is recommended where applicable based on best practice
guidelines.
8.2 Lifting Lug Welds

Lifting lug fillet welds should be continuous all around the lug, unless a weld design demonstrates that
intermittent welding is acceptable.
8.3 Perimeter Attachment Welds

The perimeter attachment weld joining the enclosure to the equipment being repaired is recommended to
be a full penetration weld. If this is not feasible, analysis demonstrating the acceptability of a partial
penetration weld is required. Fillet welds alone are not allowed without ETC analysis and approval.
Accommodations should be made to vent weld gases when completing the perimeter attachment weld as
a final closure weld. In a complex enclosure, more than two or three attachment weld locations may be
required, and desired sequencing may result in the perimeter attachment welds being completed as a first
step instead of the final step.
8.4 Joining Butt Welds

Joining two enclosure segments must be done using single-sided full penetration butt welds. The use of a
backing strip can help complete the weld, but should be accounted for when specifying the joint
efficiency factor for design calculations.
8.5 Weld Procedures

The weld procedures and welders must be qualified under the applicable code of construction or
post-construction code.
8.6 Heating Procedures

8.6.1 Bakeout Prior to Welding
Bakeout or dehydrogenation heat treatment (DHT) of equipment prior to welding may be required for
certain process streams (i.e. hydrogen charging environments) to drive out hydrogen from the material to
be welded. Diffused hydrogen can contaminate the weld pool and cause delayed hydrogen cracking. See
Field PWHT Guideline for additional discussion and consult a Materials Engineer for applicability.
8.6.2 Preheat During Welding
Preheat may be required for certain materials and/or thicker weld joints. Preheating is beneficial for
minimizing residual stresses (less so than PWHT), improving toughness and controlling hardness in the
welded joint. See WEM 100 (Section 140) for a detailed discussion. Additionally, WEM 6000-A
references required preheat temperatures for specific materials of construction.
9.0 NDE REQUIREMENTS

Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) methods must be in accordance with ASME BPVC Section V and
acceptance criteria must be in accordance with the applicable code of construction or post-construction
code.
9.1 Inspection of the Equipment Being Repaired

The equipment being repaired must be examined using UT and liquid dye penetrant (PT) / magnetic
particle test (MT) on the prepared surface to identify thinning, cracks, laminations, and surface-breaking
defects. For in-service welding where burn-through is a risk, establishing a UT map is required to ensure
that welding is performed where sound metal exists.
9.2 Inspection of the Perimeter Attachment Welds

The prepared surface of the enclosure attachment weld grove must be examined with MT or PT.
The root pass and final pass must be inspected with MT or PT. 100% volumetric examination should be
completed where feasible. Visual inspection of the root and final pass is mandatory regardless of the
level of surface NDE performed.
9.3 Inspection of Full Penetration Seams Joining Adjacent Sections

The prepared beveled surface for the full penetration seam joining adjacent sections must be examined
with PT or MT methods, and the completed weld must be examined with PT or MT. Whether UT of the
joining seam is required is based on the design of the enclosure and selected joint efficiency. Visual
inspection of the root and final pass is mandatory regardless of the level of surface NDE performed.
9.4 Inspection of Lifting Lugs

Before welding lifting lugs onto the plate, the surface of the plate must be examined with PT or MT
methods. After completion of welding, attachment welds must be examined with PT or MT. If lugs or
other attachments are removed after installation, ground areas must be examined with PT or MT.
9.5 Note Regarding Pressure Testing

For enclosure integrity, alternative NDE is preferred to pressure testing. Primarily, the repaired
component (which is presumed to be significantly thinned) may be at risk of buckling or rupture if
subject to applied pressure on its outer surface. Therefore, it is recommended that volumetric and surface
NDE, as described in the sections above, be considered the first choice in testing the enclosure design.
10.0 INSTALLATION
10.1 Pre-Installation Activities
When preparing for enclosure installation on in-service equipment, reducing the pressure in the live
equipment is an effective way of lowering the risk of the activity. Performing surface preparation,
excavating defects, and fitting up sections is safer with reduced operating pressure because it results in
higher instantaneous safety margin for the remaining wall of the equipment. Ideally, the equipment
would be out of service and cleaned or inerted before work commences.
If a reduction in bending moment due to dead weight is necessary to meet the allowable stress of the
enclosure design or the piping system adjacent to the enclosure, additional supports should be installed
where required prior to installation.
Before fit-up, the defect area should be marked, and re-identified if surface preparation removes the
markings. Especially if the defect is present on the inside surface, accurate location of the defect and the
desired boundary of the enclosure is critical. Given the limited dimensions of the enclosure, small errors
in location can result in insufficient coverage of the defect and negate the benefit of the enclosure.
Mock-up activities can help ensure the field fit-up will go smoothly. Performing practice fit-up steps in
the shop will help identify interferences, surface potential issues, allow for modification of the weld
joints (via buttering or grinding), etc., for efficient installation on the actual equipment. Mock-up
activities are especially critical if installing the enclosure on live equipment when time is of the essence.
10.2 Installation Activities

10.2.1 Surface and Weld Preparation
Surface and weld preparation must be carried out as described Sections 7.1 and 7.2. Subsequent NDE
must be performed as described in Sections 9.1, 9.2, and 9.3.
10.2.2 Fit-up
Fit-up of the welded enclosure sections should be performed to target a minimal gap between the
enclosure sections and the repaired equipment, while providing for an appropriate gap to obtain full
penetration at the joining seams. Some manipulation/field modification of the sections may be required
to achieve a minimal gap, but care must be taken when working adjacent to severely thinned areas,
especially when equipment is in service.
10.2.3 Execution of Welding
The enclosure can be tacked into place before commencing with welding. All welding must be
completed per design and approved weld procedures. Subsequent NDE must be performed as described
in Section 9.2 and 9.3. Consult a Welding Engineer if complex geometries or distortion are a concern.
Advanced welding techniques like back-stepping, sequencing, or balancing may be necessary to
minimize distortion.
10.2.4 Grinding Smooth for Fatigue Resistance
The toes of attachment weld fillets should smoothly transition to the adjoining enclosure and repaired
equipment in order to minimize stress concentration effects. Grinding the fillet weld to a smooth radius
may be necessary to realize a reduction of fatigue stress intensification.
10.3 POST INSTALL

After installation and NDE is completed, subsequent post-installation activities should be carried out,
such as coating, reinstalling insulation, and removal of temporary access structures. If a connection was
implemented for preventing buildup of weld gases, that connection should be sealed (e.g. seal weld on
threaded plug) after the perimeter attachment weld is completed, especially if a breach of the repaired
equipment wall could occur during the service lifetime.
As well, any required additional supports in the region of the enclosure should be installed at this time, if
analysis of the equipment being repaired concluded that it is required.
Appropriate Management of Change documentation of the repair must be completed as aligned with
facility or business unit established practices. A timeline for removal and repair per the original code of
construction must be established and documented.
A monitoring program appropriate to the damage mechanism and desired service lifetime should be
implemented as necessary. Although it will not be possible to inspect the wall underneath the enclosure,
the enclosure itself can be periodically inspected for thinning/degradation and fatigue cracking at the
attachment welds. Monitoring for breach of the underlying pressure boundary can be completed using a
local pressure gauge, instrumentation running to the control house, or via a weep hole (where safe to do
so).
11.0 REFERENCES
ASME PCC-2-2015 – Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping

ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2
ASME B31.3 – Process Piping
ASME B31.4 – Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries
ASME B31.8 – Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
ASME B31.1 – Power Piping
API 570 – Piping Inspection Code
API 510 – Pressure Vessel Inspection Code
CES – PPL-EN-800 – Chevron Engineering Standards – Pipeline Operations and Maintenance
NBIC Part 3

Post Construction Repair Guidelines - Welded Enclosure Guideline

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Guideline – Welded Enclosure Guideline POST CONSTRUCTION REPAIR GUIDELINES

Welded Enclosure Guideline

Date Description Author Technology Leader

1.0 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................. 4

5.5.2 Enclosures Made from Fittings ................................................................................... 16

2.0 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

3.2 Code Acceptability

3.3 Acceptable Defect Types

Table 1: Welded Enclosure Acceptability per Industry Codes and Standards

4.0 DEFECT CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT

4.2 Defect Characterization

4.3 Risk Assessment

Additional considerations may be identified after discussing a specific application.

4.4 In-Service Welding Risk (Burn-Through)

5.0 Welded Enclosure Design

5.1 General Welded Enclosure Configuration

 A cylinder section split into two halves

Figure 1: Burnaby - Welded Enclosure Encapsulating a Valve Bonnet - Design

Figure 2: Burnaby - Welded Enclosure Encapsulating a Valve Bonnet - Installed

Figure 3: Burnaby - FCC Regenerator Catalyst Drain Valve Enclosure Design

Figure 4: El Segundo – Crude Overhead Line Tee Enclosure

5.2 Loads to Consider

5.2.5 Constrained Thermal Expansion

5.3 Evaluation of Equipment Being Repaired

5.4 Design of Welded Enclosure by Component

5.5 Additional Design Considerations for Welded Enclosures

6.2 Corrosion Allowance

6.3 Process Effect on Aged Material

6.4 Post-Weld Heat Treatment

6.6 Welding Consumables

7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION

7.2 Surface Preparation of Equipment Being Repaired

8.2 Lifting Lug Welds

8.3 Perimeter Attachment Welds

8.4 Joining Butt Welds

8.5 Weld Procedures

8.6 Heating Procedures

9.0 NDE REQUIREMENTS

9.1 Inspection of the Equipment Being Repaired

9.2 Inspection of the Perimeter Attachment Welds

9.3 Inspection of Full Penetration Seams Joining Adjacent Sections

9.4 Inspection of Lifting Lugs

9.5 Note Regarding Pressure Testing

10.2 Installation Activities

10.3 POST INSTALL

ASME PCC-2-2015 – Repair of Pressure Equipment and Piping

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