Catholic University

Name Christopher Pazmiño Level ____________________ Professor MA John Moscoso

Mechatronics is a multidisciplinary field of engineering that includes a combination of systems engineering, mechanical

engineering, electrical engineering, telecommunications engineering, control engineering and computer
engineering. As technology advances the subfields of engineering multiply and adapt. Mechatronics' aim is a design process
that unifies these subfields. Originally, mechatronics just included the combination of mechanics and electronics, hence the
word is a combination of mechanics and electronics; however, as technical systems have become more and more complex
the word has been broadened to include more technical areas.

The word "mechatronics" originated in Japanese-English and was created by Tetsuro Mori, an engineer of Yaskawa Electric
Corporation. The word "mechatronics" was registered as trademark by the company in Japan with the registration number of
"46-32714" in 1971. However, afterward the company released the right of using the word to public, and the word
"mechatronics" spread to the rest of the world. Nowadays, the word is translated in each language and the word is
considered as an essential term for industry.

French standard NF E 01-010 gives the following definition: “approach aiming at the synergistic integration of mechanics,
electronics, control theory, and computer science within product design and manufacturing, in order to improve and/or
optimize its functionality".

Many people treat "mechatronics" as a modern buzzword synonymous with "electromechanical engineering".[3][4] However,
other people draw a distinction between an "electromechanical component"—does not include a computer; an electro-
mechanical computer (such as the Z4)—does not include an electronic computer; vs. a "mechatronic system"—a computer-
controlled mechanical system, including both an electronic computer and electromechanical components.[5]

Aerial Euler diagram from RPI's website describes the various fields that make up Mechatronics

A mechatronics engineer unites the principles of mechanics, electronics, and computing to generate a simpler, more
economical and reliable system. The term "mechatronics" was coined by Tetsuro Mori, the senior engineer of the Japanese
company Yaskawa in 1969.
I.Read the paragragh above and write TRUE or FALSE. IF IT IS FALSE, EXPLAIN WHY?

1.Mechatronics is one disciplinary field of engineering that includes a combination of nursing, and dentist F

 is a multidisciplinary field of engineering that includes a combination of systems engineering

2.Mechatronics' aim is a design process that unifies these CO2 F

Mechatronics' aim is a design process that unifies these subfields

3.Mechatronics just included the combination of mechanics and electronics T

4.The word "mechatronics" originated in Italian and was created by Pat Morita F

The word "mechatronics" originated in Japanese-English and was created by Tetsuro Mori, an engineer of Yaskawa Electric
Corporation

5.The word "mechatronics" was registered as trademark by the company in India F

The word "mechatronics" was registered as trademark by the company in Japan with the registration number of "46-32714" in
1971.

6.The word is considered as an essential term for industry T

7.Many people treat "mechatronics" as an old fashioned word F

Many people treat "mechatronics" as a modern buzzword synonymous with "electromechanical engineering

8.A mechatronics engineer unites the principles of mechanics, electronics, and computing T

9.The term "mechatronics" was coined by Tetsuro Mori T

10.The senior engineer of the Japanese company Yaskawa coined the term in 2005 F

the senior engineer of the Japanese company Yaskawa in 1969.

II.Read the paragragh below and answer the questions

An industrial robot is a prime example of a mechatronics system; it includes aspects of electronics, mechanics, and
computing to do its day-to-day jobs.

Engineering cybernetics deals with the question of control engineering of mechatronic systems. It is used to control or
regulate such a system (see control theory). Through collaboration, the mechatronic modules perform the production goals
and inherit flexible and agile manufacturing properties in the production scheme. Modern production equipment consists of
mechatronic modules that are integrated according to a control architecture. The most known architectures involve
hierarchy, polyarchy, heterarchy, and hybrid. The methods for achieving a technical effect are described by control
algorithms, which might or might not utilize formal methods in their design. Hybrid systems important to mechatronics
 include production systems, synergy drives, planetary exploration rovers, automotive subsystems such as anti-lock braking
systemsand spin-assist, and everyday equipment such as autofocus cameras, video, hard disks, and CD players.

Course structure

Mechatronic students take courses in various fields:

 Mechanical engineering and materials science

 Electrical engineering

 Computer engineering (software & hardware engineering)

 Computer science

 Systems and control engineering

 Optical engineering

Application

 Machine vision

 Automation and robotics

 Servo-mechanics

 Sensing and control systems

 Automotive engineering, automotive equipment in the design of subsystems such as anti-lock braking
systems
 Computer-machine controls, such as computer driven machines like IE CNC milling machines

 Expert systems

 Industrial goods

 Consumer products

 Mechatronics systems

 Medical mechatronics, medical imaging systems

 Structural dynamic systems

 Transportation and vehicular systems

 Mechatronics as the new language of the automobile

 Computer aided and integrated manufacturing systems

 Computer-aided design

 Engineering and manufacturing systems

 Packaging

 Microcontrollers / PLCs

 Mobile apps
 M&E Engineering

Physical implementations

Mechanical modeling calls for modeling and simulating physical complex phenomenon in the scope of a multi-scale and
multi-physical approach. This implies to implement and to manage modeling and optimization methods and tools, which are
integrated in a systemic approach. The specialty is aimed at students in mechanics who want to open their mind to systems
engineering, and able to integrate different physics or technologies, as well as students in mechatronics who want to
increase their knowledge in optimization and multidisciplinary simulation technics. The specialty educates students in robust
and/or optimized conception methods for structures or many technological systems, and to the main modeling and
simulation tools used in R&D. Special courses are also proposed for original applications (multi-materials composites,
innovating transducers and actuators, integrated systems, …) to prepare the students to the coming breakthrough in the
domains covering the materials and the systems. For some mechatronic systems, the main issue is no longer how to
implement a control system, but how to implement actuators. Within the mechatronic field, mainly two technologies are used
to produce movement/motion.

Variant of the field

An emerging variant of this field is bio mechatronics, whose purpose is to integrate mechanical parts with a human being,
usually in the form of removable gadgets such as an exoskeleton. Such an entity is often identified in science fiction as
an android. This is the "real-life" version of cyberware.

Another variant that we can consider is Motion control for Advanced Mechatronics, which presently is recognized as a key
technology in mechatronics. The robustness of motion control will be represented as a function of stiffness and a basis for
practical realization. Target of motion is parameterized by control stiffness which could be variable according to the task
reference. However, the system robustness of motion always requires very high stiffness in the controller.

1.Which is a prime example of mechatronics system? Give 3 examples

mechatronics include production systems, synergy drives, planetary exploration rovers, automotive subsystems such
as anti-lock braking systemsand spin-assist, and everyday equipment such as autofocus cameras, video, hard disks, and CD
players.

2.What kind of fields does this robot include? An industrial robot is a prime example of a mechatronics system; it includes
aspects of electronics, mechanics, and computing to do its day-to-day jobs

3.What does engineering cybernetics deal with? Engineering cybernetics deals with the question of control engineering of
mechatronic systems. It is used to control or regulate such a system (see control theory)

4.What kind of functions do the mechatronic modules do? the mechatronic modules perform the production goals and inherit
flexible and agile manufacturing properties in the production scheme

5.What does modern production equipment consist? Modern production equipment consists of mechatronic modules that are
integrated according to a control architecture
 6.Which are the most known architectures? The most known architectures involve hierarchy, polyarchy, heterarchy, and
hybrid. The methods for achieving a technical effect are described by control algorithms, which might or might not
utilize formal methods in their design.

7.How are the methods described? Hybrid systems important to mechatronics include production systems, synergy
drives, planetary exploration rovers, automotive subsystems such as anti-lock braking systemsand spin-assist, and everyday
equipment such as autofocus cameras, video, hard disks, and CD players.

8.Which courses do mechatronic students take?

Mechatronic students take courses in various fields:

 Mechanical engineering and materials science

 Electrical engineering

 Computer engineering (software & hardware engineering)

 Computer science

 Systems and control engineering

 Optical engineering

9.What does bio mechatronics involve? , whose purpose is to integrate mechanical parts with a human being, usually in the
form of removable gadgets such as an exoskeleton. Such an entity is often identified in science fiction as an android. This is
the "real-life" version of cyberware.

10.What is another variant that we consider? Why?

III. Identify the following abbreviations

abase Network Computer virus Operating system Internet Relay Chat Telnet

pertext Transfer Protocol Post Office Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol Transmission Control Protocol

INTERNET RELAY CHAT is a protocol for real-time Internet text messaging (chat) or synchronous conferencing.[1] It is mainly designed
for group communication in discussion forums, called channels,[2] but also allows one-to-one communication via private message[3] as well as
chat and data transfer,[4] including file sharing.

INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by local e-mail clients to retrieve e-
mail from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection

TRANSMISION CONTROL PROTOCOL is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is one of the two original
components of the suite, complementing the Internet Protocol (IP), and therefore the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP
provides reliable, ordered delivery of a stream of octets from a program on one computer to another program on another computer.
 TELNET is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area networks to provide a bidirectional interactive text-oriented
communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. User data is interspersed in-band with Telnet control information in an 8-bit
byte oriented data connection over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL is an "Internet-standard protocol for managing devices on IP networks." Devices
that typically support SNMP include routers, switches, servers, workstations, printers, modem racks, and more."

POST OFFICE PROTOCOL is an application that manages data and allows fast storage and retrieval of that data.

COMPUTER VIRUS is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs against your
wishes. Viruses can also replicate themselves.

HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.[1] It is
the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.

OPERATING SYSTEM is the most important program that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating
system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the
display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

NETWORK A group of interconnected (via cable and/or wireless) computers and peripherals that is capable of sharing software and
hardware resources between many users.

IV. SELF TEST

1)   Which of the following is/are characteristic/s of mechatronic products and systems?

a. Functional interaction between mechanical, electronic and information technologies

b. Spacial interaction of subsystems in one physical unit
c. Intelligence related to the control functions of the mechatronics system
d. All of the above

2)   The mechatronics is an interdisciplinary field in which the disciplines those act together are _________

a. Mechanical systems and Electronic systems

b. Mechanical systems and Information technology
c. Electronic systems and Information technology
d. Mechanical systems, Electronic systems and Information technology

3)   Group the followings into Mechanical systems, Electronic systems and Information technology.

1. Automation
2. Mechanical elements
3. Software engineering
4. Precision mechanics
5. Microelectronics
6. Artificial intelligence
7. Sensors and actuators

a. Mechanical Systems: 2, 4
Electronic System: 5, 7
Information Technology: 1, 3, 6
b. Mechanical Systems: 2, 7
Electronic System: 4, 5, 6
Information Technology: 1, 3
c. Mechanical Systems: 2, 4
Electronic System: 5, 6, 7
Information Technology: 1, 3
d. Mechanical Systems: 2, 7
Electronic System: 4, 5
Information Technology: 1, 3, 6

4)   What is used to make considerable simplification in the devices such as watches and
cameras etc. as compared to pure mechanical designs?
a. Actuators with electrical auxiliary energy
b. Amplifiers with electrical auxiliary energy
c. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above

5)   In which stage the measurement system comes in contact with the measurand or the
quantity to be measured?

a. Transducer Stage
b. Signal Processor Stage
c. Output Stage
d. None of the above

6)   Which of the following functions can a control system carry out?

a. The system output can be controlled to some desired particular value for particular input
b. If certain conditions are satisfied, it can give a particular sequence of output, corresponding to given input
c. Either a. or b.
d. None of the above

7)   A group of components which can complete certain tasks or achieve certain desired
results in a desired manner while working together is called as_____
a. output system
b. sequence system
c. control system
d. all of the above

8)   In which system does the output not affect the process in any way?

a. Open loop system

b. Closed loop system
c. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above

9)   The temperature control system which maintains the temperature of a room at 30 oC
when it is set is an example of_____

a. Open loop system

b. Closed loop system
c. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above

10)   Which control system does not have a stability problem?

a. Open loop system

b. Closed loop system
c. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above
11)   Data acquisition is the process in which, physical variables from the real world are_____

a. converted into electrical signals

b. modified and converted into a digital format for processing
c. both a. and b.
d. none of the above

12)   Which of the following cannot be considered as data in Data Acquisition System (DAQ)?

a. Temperature
b. Mechanical displacement
c. Flow rate
d. None of the above

13)   What is the input of the data acquisition system (DAQ) to which a transducer is connected called?

a. control element
b. channel
c. interface
d. function

14)   The capacity of data acquisition system (DAQ) can be specified in terms of______

a. number of control elements

b. number of channels
c. number of interfaces
d. number of functions

15)   Which module of data acquisition system (DAQ) consists of the CPU that controls the complete
data acquisition system?

a. Input module
b. Output module
c. Sampling module
d. Control module
16)   Which of the following cannot be an input that is given to the PLC?

a. Manual switches
b. Relays
c. Sensors
d. None of the above

17)   Which of the following can be the output of PLC?

1. Relay coils
2. Solenoids
3. Indicators
4. Motors
5. Lamps
6. Alarms

a. Only (1), (2), (3) and (4)

b. Only (3), (4), (5) and (6)
c. Only (1), (2), (3) and (5)
d. All the (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6)

18)   The PLC is used in _______.

a. machine tools
b. automated assembly equipment
c. moulding and extrusion machines
d. all of the above

19)   PLC can be ___________ in plant to change the sequence of operation.

a. only programmed
b. only reprogrammed
c. programmed and reprogrammed
d. able to give a set point

20)   __________ of PLCs can be done in very little time.

a. Programming
b. Installation
c. Commissioning
d. All of the above

21)   The phenomenon of storing heat energy in a system is called as thermal______.

a. conductance
b. resistance
c. capacitance
d. all of the above

22)   Heat in thermal system is analogous to __________ in electrical energy.

a. current
b. potential difference
c. resistance
d. charge

23)   What is the formula for thermal capacitance?

a. (Change in heat stored) / (Change in heat transfer rate)

b. (Change in heat stored) / (Change in thermal resistance)
c. (Change in heat stored) / (Change in temperature)
d. Unpredictable

24)   What would be the relation between the resistances for laminar flow and turbulent
flow for the same head (H) and flow rate (Q)?
a. Rturbulent = (1/2) x Rlaminar
b. Rturbulent = 2 x Rlaminar
c. Rturbulent = 4 x Rlaminar
d. Rturbulent = 2000 x Rlaminar

25)   When the output is bounded for bounded inputs, then the system is said to be_______.

a. stable
b. unstable
c. functional
d. nonfunctional

26)   Which of the following is/are the Continuous Control Mode/s used in control systems?

a. On-Off Control
b. Integral Control
c. Proportional Control
d. All of the above

27)   On-off Control is also called as ________.

a. one position control

b. two position control
c. four position control
d. half position control

28)   Consider the below diagram of Two Position Control. What would be the value of error,
when the controller output takes a fixed value corresponding to the 'ON' position of final
control element?
a. zero
b. less than zero
c. more than zero
d. unpredictable

29)   The controller characteristics for on-off controller follow _________.

a. only one curve

b. two curves
c. four curves
d. unpredictable

30)   Consider the following graph of error (e) vs controller output (m). The curve B
corresponding to the value of error e2 is the curve followed by controller characteristics
when value of error __________.
 a. is decreasing
b. is increasing
c. remains constant
d. is unpredictable

1.
machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion MOTOR

2.
An electronic device that allows electricity to flow in only one direction. Used in a rectifier circuit.DIODE
3.
converts AC power from the wall outlet into the lower voltages of DC power required to power all components of the computer .
POWER SUPPLY UNIT

4.
an electrical device by which alternating current of one voltage is changed to another voltage . TRANSFORMER

Multiple choice questions

1.
a moving belt that transports objects (as in a factory)

1.  Controller

2.  power supply

3.  Robot

4.  Conveyor belt
b.
a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine

1.  Conveyor belt

2.  Controller

3.  Motor

4.  transformer

b.
A device used to introduce some amount of resistance into a circuit.

1.  Motor

2.  diode

3.  Robot

4.  resistor
 True/False questions

1. Robot →  machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts
motion

 True          False

2. PLC →  Programmable Logic Controller

 True          False

3. Mechanism →  machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so
imparts motion

 True          False

1. An electric circuit is illustrated below. What is the equivalent resistance of this circuit?
Find Rt.

R2 + R3 = Req

15 + 15 = 30 
Rp = 1/R1 + 1/Req
Rp = 1/8+ 1/30
 Rp = 6.31
Rt = 6.31 + 15= 21.31

2. An electric circuit is illustrated below. What is the value of resistor R3?

1  = I2 + I3 because I1 is the total current in this case.

5= 1.8 + I3
I3 = 3.2 A
 
If V2 = 80 V, then V3 = 80 V because voltage is constant in parallel.
 
R3 = V3/I3 = 80/3.2= 25 

3.A series-parallel electric circuit is illustrated below. Find Rt.

R4 and R3 are in series so Req1 = R4 + R3 = 30 + 40 = 70.

R2 and Req1 are in parallel, so
 
1/ Req2 = 1/ R2+ 1/ Req1
 
1/ Req2 = 1/ 25+ 1/ 70
Req2 = 0.05.
 
Rt = R5 + Req2+ R1 = 40 + 0.05 + 40 = 80.05.