eBus ad hoc GP 002 rev 3

CEN-CENELEC eMobility – Recommendations related to eBus

charging (Mandate 533 - AFI Directive)
1. Introduction (EC mandate, overall timeline, scope)

The market for electric buses started already more than 7-8 years ago with Diesel hybrid buses
entering the market. It has been followed by plug-in and full electric buses – and is growing day by
day. With those new types of products, there is a big need for having common standards for
charging the buses, and there are some main alternatives on the market:
- Overnight charging (CCS Combo2 cable and/or AC Type 2 and/or with ‘Automated
Connection Devices’ (ACD) )
- Opportunity charging (with ACD)
CEN-CENELEC has got the mandate from the EU Commission to make a recommendation for
standardization of charging system, to be decided end of 2019.

UITP, ZeEUS project, ACEA, VDV and many other organizations have been involved in this work since
a couple of years. UITP is prepared to take lead and create a standardization recommendation for
the European bus market as soon as possible. The bus market for electric type of buses 2025 is
estimated to some 5.000 buses, thus standardization is of utmost importance.

Now, finally, CEN-CENELEC has asked UITP to take a lead to be able to finalize a recommendation
that CEN-CENELEC can present to the EU Commission in June 2018.

2. Description European bus market, e.g. connect to EU Clean Bus Deployment Initiative
and EU Mobility Pack + Assured and EC Green Vehicle projects (text to be developed)

3. Description different charging solutions (connector, ACD) + short paragraph of solutions

not concerned and why (battery swapping, inductive, dynamic)

Figure 1: different charging options (schema)

Updated June 13, 2018

 3.1 (Super) Fast Charging conductive DC couplers

3.1.1 Manual connector connection .

A manually applied CCS combo Type 2 Mode 4 connector (picture A) is available at the moment
up to 200A and 1000V and is expected to increase during 2018 to 500 A continuous current as a
cooled version. The manual connector is mainly usable in e-buses for depot charging. The charging
process itself is regulated by standards IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 and IEC 61851-1 and derived
ENs as shown in the above figure. The high-level communication utilizes PLC (Power Line
Communication) according to EN ISO 15118-3 as hard wired with the CP contact pin according to
standards IEC 61851-23 (vehicle) and IEC 61851-24 (charger). The standards are currently being
revised to take account the higher DC charging capacities currently being introduced. Related
standardization working groups are located in IEC TC 69 and IEC TC 23.

3.1.2 Automated Connection Devices (ACD)

Automated connection devices have been developed during the last 5-7 years by the
industry whereby the following systems at the moment are the most common ones:

3.1.2.1 The infrastructure mounted ACD (picture B); is equipped with 4 separated mechanical
contact points (plus, minus, PE and CP) and utilizes WIFI/WLAN according to ISO 15118-8
during the entire charge session. The CCS charging process is adjusted to support
infrastructure mounted ACD. The adjustments are described in ISO 15118-2 Ed2.0 (ACD
use case) and IEC 61851-23-1 (in particular Annex CC). The ACD counterpart also has 4
roof mounted separated bars on top on the front of the E-vehicle. Related working groups
are located in IEC TC 69, ISO TC 22/sc31 and IEC TC 23 H WG5.

3.1.2.2 The E-vehicle roof mounted ACD (picture C); is equipped with 4 separated mechanical
contact points similar to the CCS manual connector, and is using the basics of IEC 61851-
23-1 (in particular Annex CC) and IEC 61851-1 using PLC (power line communication) EN
ISO 15118-2:2014 and EN ISO 15118-3:2016 for the charging sequence which is a hard
wired communication method using the CP contact (IEC 61851-24). The ACD counterpart
on the infrastructure side has 4 mechanical contact points. For heavy-duty applications
there are some specific adapted parameter settings needed due to the requested higher
DC voltage and current, which will be in line with the revisions that are needed for the
passenger vehicles as well. Related working groups are located in IEC TC 69 and IEC TC
23H WG5.

Updated June 13, 2018

 3.1.2.3 The E- vehicle underfloor mounted ACD (picture D). Hereby the E-vehicle makes contact
with the charging infrastructure from the bottom side of the E- vehicle. The counterpart
of the connection has been integrated in the roads on specific locations. The underfloor
mounted ACD is equipped with 3 separated mechanical contact points (plus, minus, PE)
using the charge basics of IEC 61851-23-1 and IEC 61851-1 and will use during the entire
charge session WIFI/WLAN (ISO 15118-8_Ed 1, prEN ISO 15118-2 Ed 2) as communication
method. Related working groups are located in IEC/TC 69 and IEC/TC 23H WG5.

3.2 Not addressed in the UITP working group are battery swapping, inductive and dynamic
conductive charging.

Reasons:

AC ACD Charging
Based on the current market, there is no standardization efforts for those types of applications

Battery swapping
Based on experience on several trials and development project the working group doesn’t expect
a tendency that battery swapping systems are upcoming for Heavy Duty Vehicles. From operational
aspects battery swapping needs too much time for swapping, swapping stations need to much
space and too much additional batteries are needed. From technical perspective a battery
swapping system needs a high degree of equal structures in the buses and is limiting OEM
differentiation and innovation space.

Inductive charging
Inductive charging is addressed by IEC 61980 (magnetic interface) and ISO 15118 (communication)
and will be covered by the ongoing updates of these standards.

Dynamic conductive charging (charging while moving)

Also called as Trolleybuses is dynamic conductive charging which is not addressed in the working
group because this is established and proven technology and regulated with known standards (EN
50502:2015). Especially ECE R107 is one of the main standards for EU countries.

Updated June 13, 2018

 4. Overview different standards and related TC/working groups (IEC, CEN-CENELEC , ISO)

Graphic Overview different standards

Figure 2: Graphic overview references/standards currently used by charging E-cars in Europe according to CCS
mode 4.

NB: Most of the ISO and IEC referred standards are transposed at European level into ENs (CEN or CENELEC)

4.1 References (standards and related TC/working groups)

4.1.1 Electrical & Mechanical Interfaces

Charger related standards

IEC 61851 Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging Systems (IEC TC69/PT)
IEC 61851-1:CDV, Electric vehicle conductive charging system -Part 1: General requirements (Edition
3.0, CDV)

Updated June 13, 2018

IEC 61851-23: Ed2.0 (EN 61851-23:2014) DC Electric vehicle conductive charging system –Part23: DC
electric vehicle charging station
IEC 61851-23-1: CD2, Electric vehicle conductive charging system –Part 23-1: DC charging with an
automated connection device (ACD)

IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets-Conductive charging (TC23H)
IEC62196-1:ed 3-2014 Charging of electric vehicles up to 250A/690V AC & 400A/1500V DC –
Part1:General Requirements
IEC62196-3:ed 1-2014 Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for ac & DC pin
and contact tube vehicle couplers -Part3: 2014/pr A1
EN 5XXXX TC23H WG5: ACD mechanical interface
It is recommended that in this standard, it should possibility cover within this TC23H WG5 the
positioning of the plugs and the ACD.
Related to:
(SAE J1772-Electric vehicle conductive charge coupler/Type 1 /Yazaki)
(VDE-AR-E-2623-2-2 type 2 Europe coupler /type2/Mennekes)
EV Plug Alliance Italy&France/type 3/Schneider-Scame)
JEVS Ga05-1993 Japan coupler/type 4/CHAdeMO)
CCS/ AC-DC Combined charging System

4.1.2
Vehicle related standards
ISO 17409:2015, Electrically propelled road vehicles. Connection to an external electric power supply.
Safety requirements (TC22 SC 37)
ISO 6469-3 Electrically propelled road vehicles-Safety specifications-Protection of persons against
electric shock

Safety related standards

IEC 60664-1: 2007 Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems. Part 1.
Principles; requirements and tests.
IEC 61140:2016, Protection against electric shock-Common aspects for installation and equipment
IEC 62128 Railway applications-Fixed installations-Electrical safety, earthen and the return circuit-Part
1 Protective provisions against electric shock

EMC related standards

IEC 61851-21-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system – Electric vehicle on-board charge EMC
requirements for conductive connection to AC/DC supply
IEC 61851-21-2 EMC requirements for OFF board electric vehicle charging systems
IEC 61000-6-1 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1: Generic standards - Immunity for
residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for
industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission standard
for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards - Emission standard
for industrial environments

Updated June 13, 2018

4.1.3 Control & Communication Interfaces

ISO/IEC 15118, Road vehicles—Vehicle to grid (V2G) communication interface (TC 22/SC 31 data
communication)
ISO/IEC 15118-1, Road vehicles—Vehicle to grid communication interface –Part 1: General
information and use-case definition (Edition 2.0, DIS, 2016)
ISO/IEC15118-2, Road vehicles–Vehicle to grid communication interface –Part2: Technical protocol
description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer requirements (Edition 2.0, CD, 2016)
ISO/IEC 15118-3, Road vehicles—Vehicle to grid communication interface communication interface
Part3: Wired physical and data link layer requirements (Edition 1.0, IS, 2015)
ISO/IEC 15118-5, Road vehicles-Vehicle to grid communication interface -Part 5: Physical layer and
data link layer conformance test (Edition 1.0, DIS, 2016)
ISO/IEC 15118-8, Road vehicles—Vehicle to grid communication interface communication interface
Part 8: Wireless physical and data link layer requirements (Edition 1.0, DIS, 2018)

ISO/IEC 15118-9, Road vehicles -- Vehicle to grid communication interface -- Part 9: Physical and data
link layer conformance test for wireless communication

IEC 61851-1, Electric vehicle conductive charging system -Part 1: General requirements (Edition
3.0,173FDIS, 2016)
IEC 61851-24, Electric vehicle conductive charging system-Part 24: Digital communication between ad.
c. EV charging station and an electric vehicle for control of D.C. charging (Edition 1.0, 2014).TE 1)

4.2 Primary standards for charging of electrical buses

To ensure interoperability between vehicles providing the different charging options described
in the previous chapter the following the communication, mechanical and electrical domain
must be described. The following table detail the UITP proposal for choosing the technical
description of the corresponding interfaces.

Manual connection Automatic connection

A C B D
(connector) (roof mounted (infrastructure (underfloor
ACD) mounted mounted ACD)
pantograph)
Communication Application to ISO 15118-2 Ed1 ISO 15118-2 Ed2
network layer IEC 61851-24
Physical to datalink ISO 15118-3 ISO 15118-8
layer
Electrical safety and EMC IEC 61851-1
IEC 61851-21-2
IEC 61851-23
ISO 17409 Ed1 IEC 61851-23-1
ISO 17409 Ed2
Mechanical interface IEC 62192-3 EN 5xxxxx EN 5xxxxx EN 5xxxxx
Configuration FF (TC23H-WG5) (TC23H-WG5) (TC23H-WG5)

Figure 3 Table 1: Standards defining the conductive charging options

Updated June 13, 2018

 Adhering to additional standards and regulations may be required in order to put electrical
busses on the market in compliance with Directive 2007/46/EC (Type approval) and charging
equipment in compliance with Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC) and Directive 2006/95/EC (Low
voltage directive). Those standards and regulations are however already available and
independent of the charging mode and hence left out of this document.

The manual connection option is a reflection of the passenger car solution often referred to as
CCS2 mode 4.

Standards marked in green are currently under development and is, to UITPs best knowledge,
expected to be released according to Figure 4.

Figure 4: Standards release timeline

To further improve interoperability a description of the preferred inlet positions (e.g. placement of
pantograph and vehicle CCS-inlet) is foreseen. The status of such document (European standard,
UITP guideline or other) is still under investigation.

5 Final recommendation
The overall aim is to get standards that are interoperability and can be used in any city using any
brand of buses and chargers.

The UITP recommendation can be described in the picture (see figure 1) with A-B-C-D technical
solutions with common standards regardless of brands of buses. There are other technical
possibilities, but they are not mature enough, and in case, to be added later on.

There are now expectations that CEN-CENELEC and finally the EU Commission will decide on
the standards and implement those standards as soon possible. This will gain the European bus
market in the sense that PTA’s, PTO’s and Bus Manufacturers can plan their activities and support an
increasing market in Europe for Electromobility.

Updated June 13, 2018

6 Reference list

- DKE report
- Report EBus - J.Heuer
- Use case reports, UITP/VDV/ZeEUS
- Landscape report from CEN-CENELEC version 2.2

Updated June 13, 2018

 ANNEX – Gap leaflets

eBus Standard Need (1)

Requesting Body: Document Identification Number:
[Document type] _[description]_[lead author]_[Task
eBus ad hoc gp
GroupID]_[date]_[version].[ext]

NSB:

Status (draft/agreed):
CD2

Sub-system: DC charger Requirements (if relevant and possible to link to a legal

element):

Existing EN or ISO/IEC reference:

IEC 61851-23
IEC 61851-1

Other reference (existing national standard or R&D deliverable (including name)):

Other reference document (attached as not publically available):

Standards Body CEN/CENELEC/ETSI Mandate Number:

(choose) - Specify the TC if it is not a rail related TC:
IEC TC69 PT61851-23-1
WI Number (if linked to an existing draft standard
in development):
M/533 – Alternative Fuel Infrastructure
Existing WG Number (if possible to identify):
IEC TC69 PT61851-23-1

Development at global level (e.g. ISO/IEC) (Y/N): Suggested Priority (Low, Medium, High):
Yes Low

Updated June 13, 2018

Proposed Title:
D.C. electric vehicle charging station with an automated connection device

Proposed scope (or alteration of an existing one):

This part of the IEC 61851 series, together with [IEC 61851-1 Ed. 3] and [IEC 61851-23 Ed 2.0
CD], gives the requirements for d.c. electric vehicle charging stations with an autoconnect
charging device (ACD) for conductive connection to the vehicle, with a rated supply voltage up to
1 000 V AC or up to 1 500 V DC and a rated output voltage up to 1 500 V DC.
NOTE 1 This standard includes information on EV for conductive connection, but limited to the
necessary content for describing the power and signalling interface.
This part specifies the d.c. charging systems with an autoconnect charging device based on system
C described in Annex CC of [IEC 61851-23 Ed 2.0 CD].
EMC requirements for d.c. EV charging stations are defined in [IEC 61851-21-2 Ed. 1 CDV].
This standard provides the general requirements for the control communication between a d.c. EV
charging station and an EV. The requirements for digital communication between d.c. EV
charging station and electric vehicle for control of d.c. charging are defined in ISO 15118-2 Ed. 2.
This part only applies to Automatic couplers of category 2: using an electro-mechanical interface
defined by [EN 62196-5 WD1].
This part does not apply for Automatic coupler of category 1: using a vehicle coupler defined by
IEC 62196-2 or IEC 62196-3.
This standard does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance.

Justifications of the need:

The introduction and commercialisation of electric vehicles has been accelerated in the global
market, responding to the global concerns on CO2 reduction and energy security. Concurrently,
the development of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles has also been expanding. As a
complement to the d.c. charging system with a vehicle connector, d.c. charging system using an
autoconnect charging device is recognized as an alternative solution for electric vehicles e.g.
busses and trucks.
The international standardization of charging infrastructure with an autoconncet charging device is
indispensable for the diffusion of electric vehicles, and this standard is developed for the
manufacturers’ convenience by providing general and basic requirements for d.c. EV charging
stations for automatic conductive connection to the vehicle.

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eBus Standard Need (2)
Requesting Body: Document Identification Number:
eMobility eBus ad hoc gp [Document type] _[description]_[lead author]_[Task
GroupID]_[date]_[version].[ext]
NSB:

Status (draft/agreed):
Preliminary working draft

Sub-system: Mechanical Interface Requirements (if relevant and possible to link to a legal
element):

Existing EN or ISO/IEC reference:

?

Other reference (existing national standard or R&D deliverable (including name)):

?

Other reference document (attached as not publically available):

?

Standards Body CEN/CENELEC/ETSI (choose) - Mandate Number:

Specify the TC if it is not a rail related TC: M/533 – Alternative Fuel Infrastructure
CENELEC/TC 23 H
CENELEC
WI Number (if linked to an existing draft standard Existing WG Number (if possible to identify):
in development): CLC_TC23H_WG05
tbd

Development at global level (e.g. ISO/IEC) (Y/N): Suggested Priority (Low, Medium, High):
If possible at Global level but if for reason of
timing (M/533), progress is too slow, need to High
progress at European level.

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Proposed Title:
Contact Interface for Automated Connection Device

Proposed scope (or alteration of an existing one):

This part of EN 5XXXX is applicable to automated connection devices of standardized
configuration intended for use in electric vehicle conductive charging systems which incorporate
control means, with rated operating voltage up to 1 500 V d.c..

This part of EN 5XXXX applies to high power d.c. interfaces intended for use in isolated
conductive charging systems for circuits specified in IEC 61851-23-1 CD2:2018.
The automated connection devices covered by this part of the standard are used only in charging
mode 4, according to Case D or Case E in Clause 3.1.201 or Case E in Clause 3.1.202 of IEC 61851-
23-1:2018.
These vehicle couplers are intended to be used for circuits similar to those specified in IEC 61851-
23-1 which operate at different voltages and which may include ELV and communication signals.
This standard describes the requirements for an ACD in regard of safety, function and testing.This
WD has the intension to describe basic parameter that can be standardized for different ACD. ACD
following these standardized parameters will have the benefit to be exchangeable, even if they are
based on different technology.

This standard does not apply when considering an automatic connection device which is based
on a connector described in IEC 62196-3.
This standard does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance.

Justifications of the need:

The electrical interface for charging electrically propelled vehicles with connectors is described in IEC 61851-23. For heavy
vehicles such as buses and trucks, requirements of short charging times with high energy present a problem of handling and safety
with hand held connectors. For these high current charging applications an automated connection device (ACD) is of interest.

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eBus Standard Need (3)
Requesting Body: Document Identification Number:
eMobility eBus ad hoc gp [Document type] _[description]_[lead author]_[Task
GroupID]_[date]_[version].[ext]
NSB:

Category:
(to be defined if needed)
Status (draft/agreed):
CD2?

Sub-system: Requirements (if relevant and possible to link to a legal

DC Charger and vehicle communication subsystem element):

Existing EN or ISO/IEC reference:

ISO 15118-2

Other reference (existing national standard or R&D deliverable (including name)):

Other reference document (attached as not publically available):

Standards Body CEN/CENELEC/ETSI (choose) - Mandate Number:

Specify the TC if it is not a rail related TC: M/533 – Alternative Fuel Infrastructure
ISO/TC 22/SC 31
WI Number (if linked to an existing draft standard Existing WG Number (if possible to identify):
in development):

Development at global level (e.g. ISO/IEC) (Y/N): Suggested Priority (Low, Medium, High):
If possible at Global level but if for reason of
timing (M/533), progress is too slow, need to
progress at European level.

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Updated June 13, 2018

Proposed Title:

Proposed scope (or alteration of an existing one):

ISO 15118-2 describe the network and protocol requirements for AC and DC charging of electrical vehicles. The 2014
edition does not take the use case of automated connection into account and must hence be extended to enable full
standardization of ACD-charging.

Justifications of the need:

Communication between charger and vehicle during the connection, charging and disconnection is required. To ensure
interoperability the process must be agreed upon and documented properly.

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eBus Standard Need (4)
Requesting Body: Document Identification Number:
eBus ad hoc gp [Document type] _[description]_[lead author]_[Task
GroupID]_[date]_[version].[ext]
NSB:

Category: Electrical safety

(to be defined if needed)
Status (draft/agreed):
WD2

Sub-system: Requirements (if relevant and possible to link to a legal

Vehicle element):

Existing EN or ISO/IEC reference:

ISO 17409

Other reference (existing national standard or R&D deliverable (including name)):

Other reference document (attached as not publically available):

Standards Body CEN/CENELEC/ETSI (choose) - Mandate Number:

Specify the TC if it is not a rail related TC: ISO/TC M/533 – Alternative Fuel Infrastructure
22,
WI Number (if linked to an existing draft standard Existing WG Number (if possible to identify):
in development): ISO/TC 22
ISO 17409:2015(E)

Development at global level (e.g. ISO/IEC) (Y/N): Suggested Priority (Low, Medium, High):
Y Medium

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Proposed Title:
Electrically propelled road vehicles — Connection to an external electric power supply — Safety requirements

Proposed scope (or alteration of an existing one):

This International Standard specifies electric safety requirements for conductive connections of electrically propelled
road vehicles to an external electric power supply using a plug or vehicle inlet.
It applies to electrically propelled road vehicles with voltage class B electric circuits. In general, it may apply to
motorcycles and mopeds if no dedicated standards for these vehicles exist.
It applies only to vehicle power supply circuits. It applies also to dedicated power supply control functions used for
the connection of the vehicle to an external electric power supply.
It does not provide requirements regarding the connection to a non-isolated d.c. charging station.
It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance, and repair personnel.
The requirements when the vehicle is not connected to the external electric power supply are specified in ISO 6469-3.
NOTE 1 This International Standard does not contain requirements for vehicle power supply circuits using protection
by class II or double/reinforced insulation but it is not the intention to exclude such vehicle applications.
NOTE 2 Requirements for EV supply equipment are specified in IEC 61851.

Additions:
NOTE 3 ACD or ACD counterpart is considered a vehicle inlet

Justifications of the need:

In the present standard only vehicle inlets/connectors are considered. Specific properties of ACD systems are not
considered like: Protection by clearance.

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