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LEARNING MODULE
BLENDED FLEXIBLE LEARNING
Transportation Management ( TMPC 111 )

AN OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

Air transport business is a rapidly growing phenomenon that has become one of the largest
industries in the world. More than 40 % of international tourists now travel by air. It has been an
important stimulant to tourism, and is more important to remote and island destinations. So what
do we mean by the airline industry? What does it include? What types and categories does it
have? These are some of the questions that will be answered in this module. We will look at the
different categories of air transport, flight types, aircraft categories, flight delays, cancellation & air
transport organizations, airport codes and airlines in the Philippines.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. To recognize air transport industry as an important factor in tourism development.
2. To identify different flight route and categories of air transport.
3. To understand how flights get cancelled and delayed.
4. To memorize the different airport codes in the Philippines.
5. To compare the different classes of service and aircraft categories.

LEARNING RESOURCES

https://www.scribd.com/read/261207169/Introduction-to-the-Airline-Industry-This-eBook-
contains-everything-there-is-to-know-about-the-airline-industry

LEARNING INPUTS

LESSON 5 FLIGHT ROUTE & CATEGORIES OF AIR TRANSPORT

What are the different categories of Air Transport?

 Scheduled Flight

Scheduled airlines, like the major flag carriers, operate flights according to schedules drawn
up to cover several months or even years at a time. These airlines are thus committed to
flying the planes for the said periods on the said routes whether they are filled or not. In so
doing they offer a predictable range of services and can thus be booked up to 1 year in
advance in some cases.

 Charter/ Non- Scheduled Flight

A charter flight is a flight that is not part of an airline’s published schedule.  For example, an
airline will not post on its website that the airline will operate a flight from Point A to Point B at
3pm every Wednesday.  Instead, charter flights are typically operated for specific
unscheduled itineraries. 

Flight Types

 Non- Stop Flight

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  Direct Flight
 Connecting Flight

Flight route
 One - Way Flight Itinerary - The passenger only travels from Point A to Point B.

 Open – Jaw Flight Itinerary - The passenger flies from Point A to Point B, then travels
by ground transportation (e.g., car rental, boat or rail) from B to C, then returns by air
from C to A. 

 Roundtrip Flight Itinerary - The traveler flies from Point A to Point B, stays a while, and
then returns from B to A.

 Circle Flight Itinerary - The traveler has two or more extended stopovers and returns to
the originating city. 

( D
o n’
t

forget to answer the Self – Check Question 2.1 and Activity 2.1!)

LESSON 6 AIRCRAFT – BROAD CATEGORIES & CLASSES OF SERVICE

Aircraft – Broad Categories

 Jet Engine
 Fly Faster ( 520 – 560 mph)
 Can go longer distances
 Larger

 Propeller
 Relatively Slow ( about 300 mph)
 Travel short distances
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  Smaller

Classes of Service
 Economy Class – it is another term for the airplane's main cabin, sometimes referred to
as coach class; economy class typically makes up the bulk of the seating on a flight. It's
the simplest class, with the fewest amenities.
 More standard level of service
 Narrower seats
 Less pitch and recline
 Simple meals or snacks (sometimes with no menu choice) or even no service at all

 Business Class – it is an airline class above economy with upgraded amenities, service,
and seating. It is distinguished from other travel classes by the quality of seating, food,
drinks, ground service and other amenities. 
 Located in the compartment at the front of the plane. 
 Wider seats
 Greater pitch (more than 50 inches )
 More recline (60 percent or more)
 More choices meals
 Complimentary non – alcoholic/alcoholic beverages
 Free movies or other services

 First Class – it is a travel class on some passenger airliners intended to be more

luxurious than business and economy class. It is limited number (rarely more than 20) of
seats or cabins toward the front of the aircraft which have more space, comfort, service,
and privacy. 
 Free access to pre – boarding lounge
 More comfortable seats can recline to a flat bed.
 Offers luxurious amenities, food, and service comparable to hotels.

(Don’t forget to answer the Self – Check Question 2.2 and Activity 2.2!)

FLIGHT DELAYS, CANCELLATION & AIR TRANSPORT ORGANIZATIONS

LESSON 7

What is Flight Cancellation?

It occurs when the airline does not operate the flight at all for a certain reason.

Why Do Flights Get Cancelled?

• Adverse weather conditions
• Security issues
• Mechanical issues
• Bird strikes
• Missing aircraft

What is Flight Delay?

It is when an airline flight takes off and/or lands later than its scheduled time.

Why Do Flights Get Delayed?

• Air Traffic Control (ATC) restrictions
• Adverse weather conditions
• Knock-on effect due to a delayed aircraft
• Waiting for connecting passengers, catering, bags and crew
• Security issues/ clearance
• Preparing the aircraft
• Mechanical issues
• Complying with weight restrictions
• Bird strikes
• Missing aircraft
• Passenger Issues

Air Transport Organizations

 IATA
It is the official trade organization for
the world’s airlines. For air carriers,
IATA provides a polled resource for
scheduling, traffic and routes,
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 standardizing services and the creation of a worldwide public service for the air industry. For
consumers, IATA sets the international standard for services and business practices amongst
member airlines. IATA aims to achieve the following mandate:

1. To promote safe, regular and economic air transport

2. To foster air commerce
3. To study problems connected with airline industry
4. To provide a means of collaborating between air transport companies and agencies
5. To co-operate with other international air transportation organizations Essentially, IATA is
airlines working together to standardize and improve service internationally Due to the
vital role played by IATA in air transportation issues, it is recommended that you ensure
that your carrier/forwarder is an IATA agent.

 ICAO
It is a special institute, whose parent
organization is the United Nations,
which ensures well-organized
planning and development of the
international air transport system.
ICAO's aims and objectives are:

1. To foster the planning and

development of international
air transport so as to ensure
the safe and orderly growth of
international civil aviation throughout the world
2. Encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes
3. Encourage the development of airways, airports, and air navigation facilities for
international civil aviation; meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe,
regular, efficient, and economical air transport
4. Prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition
5. Ensure that the rights of contracting states are fully respected and that every
contracting state has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines.

(Don’t forget to answer the Self – Check Question 2.3 and Activity 2.3!)

LESSON 8 AIRPORT CODES AND AIRLINES IN THE PHILIPPINES

Airlines in the Philippines

 Philippine Airlines
Philippine Airlines (PAL), a trade name of PAL Holdings, is the flag carrier of the Philippines.
It was founded in 1941 by a group of businessmen led by Andres Soriano, one of the country's
leading industrialists and is the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its
original name. It currently flies to 31 domestic destinations and 43 international destinations in
23 countries and territories across Asia, North America, Oceania and Europe, with six long haul
destinations.

 Cebu Pacific Air

Cebu Air Inc (operating as Cebu Pacific) is one of the largest low-cost carriers in Asia. Backed by
the Gokongwei family-controlled JG Summit Holdings and partially listed in Feb-2011, it provides
an extensive network of 38 domestic and 14 international countries within Asia and to the Middle
East. The carrier operates from its hub at Manila NAIA with secondary bases at Mactan-Cebu
International Airport and Francisco Bangoy International Airport. Cebu Pacific also operates
closely with sister LCC Cebgo (formerly Tigerair Philippines).

 Air Asia
Air Asia is a Malaysian low-cost airline headquartered near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. With IATA
code of Z2, t is owned by Malaysian tycoon Tony Fernandes and is the largest airline in Malaysia
by fleet size and destinations. AirAsia Group operates scheduled domestic and international
flights to more than 165 destinations spanning 25 countries.

AIRPORT/IATA CODES

CITY AIRPORT IATA CODES NAME OF THE AIRPORT

Bacolod BCD Bacolod – Silay Airport
Busuanga USU Francisco B. Reyes Airport

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Cagayan de Oro CGY Laguindingan Airport
Caticlan MPH Godofredo P. Ramos Airport
Cauayan CYZ Cauayan Airport
Cebu CEB Mactan–Cebu International Airport
Clark CRK Clark International Airport
Davao DVO Francisco Bangoy International Airport
Dipolog DPL Dipolog Airport
Dumaguete DGT Sibulan Airport
General Santos GES General Santos International Airport
Iloilo ILO Iloilo International Airport
Kalibo KLO Kalibo International Airport
Laoag LAO Laoag International Airport
Manila MNL Ninoy Aquino International Airport
Naga WNP Naga Airport
Puerto Princesa PPS Puerto Princesa International Airport
San Jose SJI San Jose Airport
Siargao IAO Sayak Airport
Surigao SUG Surigao Airport
Tacloban TAC Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport
Tagbilaran TAG Bohol-Panglao International Airport
Tawi-Tawi TWT Sanga-Sanga Airport
Tuguegarao TUG Tuguegarao Airport
Zamboanga ZAM Zamboanga International Airport

Make sure to memorize the IATA codes. We will have a quiz about this.
(Don’t forget to answer the Self – Check Question 2.4 and Activity2 .4!)

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 MODULE 2
ACTIVITIES AND SELF - CHECK QUESTIONS
Transportation Management ( TMPC 111 )

NAME: COURSE & YEAR:

CLASS SCHEDULE: DATE SUBMITTED:

SELF - CHECK QUESTIONS 2.1

How well did you remember what you read? Answer the following questions.
Identify what flight type and category of air transport are the following. Choose the best answer
and circle the letter of your choice.
1. The passenger took a flight where the same plane flew from Airport X, stopped at Airport
Y and flew again to Airport Z.
A. Connecting Flight C. Non-scheduled Flight
B. Direct Flight D. Scheduled Flight
2. The passenger took an unscheduled flight where the plane flew from Airport X to Airport
Y which was booked directly at the Airline’s office.
A. Connecting Flight C. Non-scheduled Flight
B. Scheduled Flight D. Non-stop Flight
3. The passenger took a flight where the plane flew from Airport X to Y without stopping.
A. Connecting Flight C. Non-scheduled Flight
B. Scheduled Flight D. Non-stop Flight
4. The passenger took a flight where the plane flew from Airport X, stopped at Airport Y and
took a new plane to Airport Z.
A. Connecting Flight C. Non-scheduled Flight
B. Direct Flight D. Scheduled Flight
5. The passenger pre-booked a flight where the plane flew from Airport X to Y without
stopping.
A. Connecting Flight C. Non-scheduled Flight
B. Direct Flight D. Scheduled Flight

ACTIVITY 2.1
Let us test your knowledge! Answer the following questions briefly.

1. Give 1 example of a situation where each flight types and categories of air transport are
used in real life. (Example: Passengers usually takes non – stop flights because
__________)

A. ____________________________________________________________

B. ____________________________________________________________

C. ____________________________________________________________

2. Give 1 example of each flight routes.

A. ____________________________________________________________

B. ____________________________________________________________

C. ____________________________________________________________

D. ____________________________________________________________

SELF - CHECK QUESTIONS 2.2

How well did you remember what you read?

Write down the differences of aircraft categories and classes of services on the box provided.

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 Differences Jet Engine Propeller Engine

Distance

Size

Speed

Differences Economy Class Business Class First Class

Level of Service

Seats

Amenities

ACTIVITY 2.2
Let us test your knowledge! Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What is the airport closest to you?

_______________________________________________________________

2. Identify what major airline/s in our country offers the following aircraft and classes of
service.
 Jet Engine

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________

 Propeller Engine

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

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 3. ___________________________________

 Economy Class

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________

 Business Class

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________

 First Class

1. ___________________________________

2. ___________________________________

3. ___________________________________

SELF - CHECK QUESTIONS 2.3

How well did you remember what you read?
1. What is the difference between Flight Delay and Cancellation?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between IATA and ICAO?

_____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

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Let us test your knowledge! Answer the following questions briefly.
1. What major airline in our country often gets flight cancellation? For what reason and
why do you think it happens?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think it is necessary for major airlines in our country to join air transport
organizations? Explain why.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

SELF - CHECK QUESTIONS 2.4

How well did you remember what you read?

1. What are the major airlines in the Philippines?

 ________________________________
 ________________________________
 ________________________________
2. Write down the IATA codes of the following cities:

1. ____________ Dumaguete
2. ____________ Cagayan
3. ____________ Davao
4. ____________ Manila
5. ____________ Caticlan
6. ____________ Cebu
7. ____________ Bacolod
8. ____________ Puerto Princesa

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 9. ____________ San Jose
10. ____________ Tawi-tawi

ACTIVITY 2.4
Let us test your knowledge! Where do you usually find these types of
transportations?

1. What do you think is the importance of memorizing the Airport codes as a student
studying Tourism Management?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. Write down the differences of each airline on the box provided.

Differences Philippine Airlines Cebu Pacific Air Air Asia

Ownership

Number of Destinations
Operated

Type of Airline
( Low Cost and Full
Service)

IATA code

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