Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 2. Airport and Airline Process (Operations Management)
Module 2. Airport and Airline Process (Operations Management)
LEARNING MODULE
BLENDED FLEXIBLE LEARNING
Operations Management in Tourism and Hospitality Industry (OPEM 311)
AN OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Did you know airplanes have a home, just like you do? It’s called an airport. From the
spectacular ocean approach to Japan's Kansai International Airport to the high altitude arrival
into Denver International's ‘mile high’ airport in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in the United
States, there is no doubt that an airport can provide an impressive entry point to a traveller's
destination. Airports have a number of customers, all of whom, including the airlines, have one
primary mandate: to keep their end-users satisfied. In this module, you will learn about what
airports are, their purposes, and who owns and operates them. You may be quite surprised at
how interesting and multi-dimensional they are as a commercial venture. This will also help you
understand the interface between the passenger and the airport, on which we will take you
through the sequence of steps that passengers must take when departing from an airport.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. To discuss the departing passengers’ processes.
2. To define the meaning of airport.
3. To identify who owns and operates an airport.
4. To describe physical layout of a typical airport.
LEARNING RESOURCES
https://www.scribd.com/read/261207169/Introduction-to-the-Airline-Industry-This-eBook-
contains-everything-there-is-to-know-about-the-airline-industry#
LEARNING INPUTS
What is an Airport?
An airport is where all airplanes land, take off in the sky, and reside when they’re not flying.
An airport is made up of multiple buildings each serving specific purpose, including terminals,
gates, hangars, runways and some even have control towers. It is a complex of runways and
buildings for the takeoff, landing, and maintenance of civil aircraft, with facilities for passengers.
Airport Ownership
Most of the world's airports are still owned by local, regional, or federal government bodies,
who then lease the airport to private companies. These companies oversee the airport's entire
operation, or part of the operation. This is often referred to as a government-owned/commercially
operated (GOCO) arrangement. Services which have been taken over by commercial, non-
government enterprises cover a wide range. These include services that are airline-related, such
as catering and maintenance, in addition to those that are passenger-related such as ground
transportation, parking, food concessions and retail stores. Some airports allow airlines to own
and operate their own terminals and maintenance facilities.
(Don’t forget to answer the Self – Check Question 2.1 and Activity 2.1!)
Landside
The landside of an airport is the part
accessible to everyone who comes to the
airport. It is also called the “groundside”, which
includes the general entry areas to the
airport, such as access roads and ground
transportation access (i.e., buses, trains, taxis,
limousines). It also encompasses parking areas, car rental pickup/drop-offs, traveller drop-
off points, restaurants, stores, currency exchanges and flight check-in. It has three major
functions. These are:
To provide ease of access to all the airport services and to the suppliers of those
services.
To provide safe and adequate people and cargo drop-off and parking facilities.
To generate additional revenues for the airport operator (e.g., commercial leases,
services).
Airside
The airside is usually the side that has controlled access and is considered to be the
secure side. Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways
and aprons leading to the ramp area adjacent to the airport terminal building structures. A runway
can be composed of grass, dirt, sand, gravel, asphalt or concrete, depending on its location in the
world, and on the size, weight and type of aircraft (i.e., jet, turboprop, and helicopter) landing at
the facility. Planes use taxiways to get from the gate to a main runway for takeoff and from a
main run- way to the gate after landing. Parking areas for aircraft away from terminals are
generally called “aprons”. The area where aircraft park next to a terminal to load passengers and
baggage is known as a ramp (or “the tarmac”). Due to their high capacity and busy airspace,
international airports will have an air traffic control tower located airside on site.
Terminal
The terminal, which is divided into arrival and departure sections, provides a physical
structure which serves to control access to and from the airside. Let's now take a look at the
airport terminal, which is divided into arrival and departure sections.
STEP 1: Arrival at the airport
a. Thepassenger arrives at the airport by car and drive
s to the multi – level car park in front of the terminal
building, where he parks his car and unloads his
luggage.
b. He takes an elevator up to the departure level and
makes his way along the curb in front of the terminal
building carrying his luggage. He decides to take a
baggage cart for his two pieces of luggage.
c. Opening the nearest door he enters the terminal
on the departure level, which is also known as the
check-in concourse. This is the area where
passengers register with the airline with which they
made a reservation.
Note: Most checkin concourses follow similar design
consisting of:
A concourse or long hallway with doors opening from the car park or roadway
outside, through which people enter with their luggage.
A row of counters, placed parallel, or perpendicular to the building façade.
A conveyance system for luggage, located at the rear of the counters.
STEP 2: Check in at the airport counter
Since only passengers and authorized employees can go through the security checkpoint to
buy from the stores on the airside, some concessionaires have set up stores on both the landside
and the airside of the terminal building designed to accommodate the needs of passengers, as
well as visitors and employees who are required to stay on the landside of the terminal.
Noncommercial services:
These are usually provided free of charge for the convenience of the travelling public. They
include: flight information displays, public address systems, information desks, seating areas, lost
luggage counters, toilets and baby changing facilities, drinking fountains (water).
The most common pieces of equipment found in this area are: walk-through metal detectors,
complemented by hand-held detectors-ray equipment, and explosive detection equipment.
STEP 5: Government Controls
STEP 6: Departure Gate:
The passenger reaches the place where the airline assembles all the passengers for a particular
flight. They are assigned to every gate as indicated on their ticket. The departure area or gate
hold room is located immediately adjacent to the exit door. Since the wait may be lengthy, this
area provides rows of seats.
STEP 7: Pre-Boarding Check:
The pre-boarding check is the final step in the processing of departing passengers. Airline
attendants or gate personnel will verify each boarding pass as passengers go by them. This
check can be done manually, or with a special boarding pass scanner. Personnel may also verify
the identity of the boarding passengers by asking to see a passport, travel document, or some
other type of photo identity card.
STEP 8: Boarding:
After the final check of his passport and boarding card to ensure he is taking the correct flight and
has valid travel documents, the passenger gets to exit the terminal and access the aircraft.
Operations Management in Tourism and Hospitality Page 4
MODULE 2
Depending on the airport and the type of aircraft, they will be flying on, they may be faced with a
number of possible boarding options
A passenger jet bridge. This is the preferred option as it protects people from the
weather elements, it ensures security as passengers cannot mix with other people, and it
provides a safety element, as passengers cannot wander on the apron where an
accident with ground vehicles might occur.
A transfer vehicle, such as a bus or transporter. It is either parked on the apron adjacent
to the exit door, or is mated directly on the door. The latter option providing the same
degree of comfort, security and safety as a passenger jet bridge.
A walk from the exit door to the aircraft. This option does not provide protection from the
elements and it exposes passengers to some risk. Ground personnel guide and monitor
passengers for safety and security reasons. This option is often used at terminals and
gates where regional jets and propeller-driven aircraft operate.
(Don’t forget to answer the Self – Check Question 2.3 and Activity 2.3!)
2. Which of the following is NOT a function for a commercial airport? Circle all answers that
apply.
a. Provide an aircraft with the space required for a safe & secure take-off
b. Provide training centers for the certification of pilots
c. Offer facilities for processing freight
d. Provide space for maintenance of aircraft
ACTIVITY 2.1
1. What is the nearest Airport in your city? Write the full name of the airport on the space
provided.
__________________________________________________________________
2. What is the most unique feature that you can see on the airport? Explain why in not more
than 5 sentences.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
3. Which of the following describe the airside of an airport? Circle all answers that apply.
a. This side has controlled access and is considered to be the secure side.
b. It includes runways which are oriented to prevailing wind patterns.
c. It includes taxiways, which are parking areas for aircraft away from terminals.
d. This side would include an air traffic control tower.
4. Which of the following are NOT considered to be part of the terminal area of an airport?
Circle all answers that apply.
a. Concourse
b. Arrival area
c. Departure area
d. Parking apron
ACTIVITY 2.2
Let us test your knowledge!
Create a DIAGRAM of the all the airport structures that you needed go through from the
arrival at the airport to boarding.
Place the following steps in proper sequence, showing the order in which a departing passenger
is processed at the airport. Place the correct step number in the space(s) provided.
Security screening
Commercial Facilities-Landside
Commercial Facilities-Airside
Boarding
Pre-Boarding Check
Departure Gate
ACTIVITY 2.3
Let us test your knowledge!
Write the importance of each areas intended for departing passengers. Explain in not more than 2
sentences.
A. Arrival Area
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Check in Counter
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
C. Commercial Facilities
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Operations Management in Tourism and Hospitality Page 8
MODULE 2
D. Security Screening
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
E. Immigration
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
F. Departure Area
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
G. Boarding Gate
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________