‫‪No.

F-15-AAA-0000‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬

‫ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺣﻤﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‪ -‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‪ -‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪hamdiabdi@razi.ac.ir‬‬ ‫‪a_bali@ghrec.co.ir‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ — ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ 1388‬ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫‪ 1392‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺯگ ﺟﺜﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﻚ ﻟﻚ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻻﻧﻬﺴﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ — ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ؛ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﻱ ﺻﻮﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪ Ultrasonic‬؛ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ؛ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻓﻊ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻫﻮﺍﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﭼﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻻﺑﻬﺎ ﻭ‪...‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻌﻜﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ »ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ «2‬ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ 89‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :2‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪.2‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺧﻂ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﺴﭙﺎﭼﻴﻨﮓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺿﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ‪ 230‬ﺳﻘﺰ ‪ -‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﺪﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻭﻳﮋﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ‪ 230‬ﺳﻘﺰ ‪ -‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﺪﻭﺁﺏ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫»ﺷﻜﻞ ‪،«1‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ‪ 230‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﻨﻨﺪﺝ –‬ ‫»ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ «1‬ﻭ »ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ «2‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪1‬ﻭ‪.[2‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‪2‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ »ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،«1‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ ‪ 230‬ﻛﻨﮕﺎﻭﺭ – ﺧﺮﻡ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﻋﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻳﺦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ – ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪» .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ «2‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺩﺭ»ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ «1‬ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ‬
‫‪ 89‬ﻭ ‪ 90‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻏﺮﺏ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :1‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 2‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪206‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬

‫ﺏ – ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪157‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬

‫ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻡ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﻟﺠﺜﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻟﻜﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺑﺰﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺩﺧﺎﻧﻬﻬﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ .5‬ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺩﻓﻌﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻮﺱ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪» .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ «3‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﻟﺠﺜﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻡ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻬﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ 50‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 3‬ﻳﺎ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ «4‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 3‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫‪ .4‬ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻬﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 4‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ – ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﻴﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻴﻠﻬﻬﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻮﻻﺩﻱ )ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺨﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ( ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 3‬ﻳﺎ ‪ 4‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺴﻤﻪ ﺁﻫﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﭘﺴﻴﻮ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﻂ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 60‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻧﺒﺸﻲ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫)ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 6‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 10‬ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ( ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻘﺮﻫﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻬﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻴﺸﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ »ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.«5‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﻴﻮ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ ]‪3‬ﻭ‪.[4‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺥ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﭘﺮﭼﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺿﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﻓﻌﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻬﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ]‪5‬ﻭ‪.[6‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 5‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )ﺷﻮﻙ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﻮﻙ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ( ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ] ‪.[7‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺒﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻙ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻣﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ »ﺷﻜﻞ ‪.«6‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻭﻓﻖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺻﺪﺍﻱ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻮﻙ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ‪ :‬ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻨﺴﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﻱ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﻴﺒﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 6‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻓﻮﻕ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻡ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻟﺤﻈﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻫﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪ -‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺁﺳﻴﺒﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻤﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ »ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ «3‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﻟﺠﺜﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ : 3‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻡ ﻭ ﺟﻤﭙﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﺸﺸﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ )ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﻭﻳﻮ(‬ ‫‪6-10‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ )ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ(‬ ‫‪0.5-6‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺎﺩﺛﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫‪10KV ; 0.3 mA‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻓﺮﺍ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪KHz‬‬
‫‪Sleep Power‬‬ ‫‪<0.3‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪ .7‬ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Maximum Power‬‬ ‫‪<20‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺩﻳﺪ ) ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ – ﺍﻓﻘﻲ (‬ ‫‪-40 --- 40‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ – ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪-20 ---- 65‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬
‫ﺏ – ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﻜﻨﻨﺪﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻓﻌﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﮔﺮﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯ )ﻣﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﻭﻳﻮ( ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻪ‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍً ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﺭژ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻱ ﺩﺭﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ‬
‫»ﺷﻜﻞ ‪«7‬‬ ‫* ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺎﺭژﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪D5‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ‪ DC‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ D7 ،‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺎﺗﻜﻲ ‪ .IN5817‬ﺩﻳﻮﺩ ﺯﻧﺮ ‪ IN4733‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪ 5/1‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺩ ﺯﻧﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﭘﻴﭻ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺩ ﺯﻧﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ R5‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ R5 .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻮﺗﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻨﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ]‪.[8‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .8‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ‪ 20‬ﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 20‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ‬
‫"‪"Ultrasonic‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ 20‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎً ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﻱ ﺻﻮﺕ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 7‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺎﺭژﻭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻣﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺩﺁﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍً ﺁﺯﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫* ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺶ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺪﻝ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ‪ 18‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 30‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺘﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﻴﺒﻞ ﺻﺪﺍ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﻴﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ – ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ‪،‬‬
‫»ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ «8‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ]‪.[8‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺑﻬﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺷﺪﻫﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﭘﻴﺸﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﺎﺭﻭﺏ "‪ "Sweep Speed‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻫﺎﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺭﺍ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 8‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ‬

‫‪5‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺪﻭﺋﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ . 9‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻮﻙ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻓﻌﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ‬
‫‪ 63‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ – ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺮﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ‪» .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ «9‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻛﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫)ﺏ(‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﻒ(‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻮﺕ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺻﻮﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬

‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 9‬ﻃﺮﺣﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻓﻊ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬
‫)ﺝ(‬ ‫»ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ «10‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 11‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻫﺎ } ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ)ﺍﻟﻒ( ﻭ )ﺏ( ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺟﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ)ﺝ( ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ {‬

‫‪ .10‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒ ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ 1388‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 1392‬ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ : 10‬ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺏ – ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ‬
‫ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ‪ 63‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻭﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺯﻱ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻟﻚ ﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺻﻮﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫»ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ «11‬ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﭗ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﻬﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻮﺋﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻌﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻂ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ‬
‫]‪ [1‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﻳﺴﭙﺎﭼﻴﻨﮓ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ " ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺿﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻤﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ " ﺳﺎﻝ ‪.1388-92‬‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻋﺎﻳﻘﻲ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫" ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫]‪ [2‬ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻏﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ "ﺳﺎﻝ‪.1388-92‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ‬
‫‪[3] Bo Zhang, Xiang Cui, Tiebing Lu, "A numerical method to‬‬
‫‪calculate three dimensional electric field of EHV transmission line‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪near towers," Power System Technology 2003 27(7): 5-8‬‬
‫‪[4] Shenglin Wu, "Some suggestions on research work of‬‬ ‫ﺝ – ﺳﺎﺯﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺿﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫)‪transmission line in China," Power System Technology. 1994. 18(2‬‬
‫‪49-52.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻤﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫‪[5] Chaocheng Jiang, Ying Yuan, "Study on a new type equipment of‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻘﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪laser driving birds," Laser magazine 2002 23(4): 62-64‬‬
‫‪[6] Liming Song, Baoshan Ma, "16-bit MCU applied for driving‬‬ ‫ﺩ – ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻴﻜﻪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‬
‫‪birds system in airdrome," Journal of Dallan Maritime University,‬‬
‫‪Volume 32, pp, 78-80, Aug, 2006‬‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﻗﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫‪[7] Fuliang Le, Jiawei Luo, Gongping Wu, " An Uninterrupted Bird‬‬
‫‪Repeller on Transmission Line ," Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE ,‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺯﻭﺩﺭﺱ ﻻﻳﻪ‬
‫‪International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics December 19‬‬
‫‪-23, 2009, Guilin, China‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺎﻟﻮﺍﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‬
‫‪[8] Qu Fang , Li Canbing,, " Design of Transmission Line Solar‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪Ultrasonic Birds Repeller ," Xinxiang Power Supply Company‬‬
‫‪Electric Power of Henan Xinxiang, China , School of Electrical‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺿﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺭﺍﺱ ﻛﺮﺍﺱ ﺁﺭﻡ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪Engineering Hunan University Changsha, China , Volume ,978-1-‬‬
‫‪4244-9690-7/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﺩﻭﻣﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺿﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺮﺍﺳﺂﺭﻡ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺿﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ) ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ( ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺱ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪60‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺎﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺿﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺼﺮﻓﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯ‪ -‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻃﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 15‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ – ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻼﻛﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺟﺴﺎﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ‬

‫‪7‬‬