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Classical Properties on Conformable Fractional Calculus

Article · January 2019

DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20190805.11

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Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal
2019; 8(5): 83-87
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/pamj
doi: 10.11648/j.pamj.20190805.11
ISSN: 2326-9790 (Print); ISSN: 2326-9812 (Online)

Classical Properties on Conformable Fractional Calculus

Musraini M.*, Rustam Efendi, Endang Lily, Ponco Hidayah
Department of Mathematics, University of Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Email address:

*
Corresponding author

To cite this article:

Musraini M., Rustam Efendi, Endang Lily, Ponco Hidayah. Classical Properties on Conformable Fractional Calculus. Pure and Applied
Mathematics Journal. Vol. 8, No. 5, 2019, pp. 83-87. doi: 10.11648/j.pamj.20190805.11

Received: September 3, 2019; Accepted: October 9, 2019; Published: October 23, 2019

Abstract: Recently, a definition of fractional which refers to classical calculus form called conformable fractional calculus has
been introduced. The main idea of the concept of conformable fractional calculus is how to determine the derivative and integral
with fractional order either rational numbers or real numbers. One of the most popular definitions of conformable fractional
calculus is defined by Katugampola which is used in this study. This definition satisfies in some respects of classical calculus
involved conformable fractional derivative and conformable fractional integral. In the branch of conformable fractional
derivatives, some of the additional results such as analysis of fractional derivative in quotient property, product property and
Rolle theorem are given. An application on classical calculus such as determining monotonicity of function is also given. Then,
in the case of fractional integral, this definition showed that the fractional derivative and the fractional integral are inverses of
each other. Some of the classical integral properties are also satisfied on conformable fractional integral. Additionally, this study
also has shown that fractional integral acts as a limit of a sum. After that, comparison properties on fractional integral are
provided. Finally, the mean value theorem and the second mean value theorem are also applicable for fractional integral.

Keywords: Fractional Calculus, Conformable Fractional Derivative, Conformable Fractional Integral

of ordinary derivatives. Even more, this new subject has

1. Introduction
Today various types of fractional calculus have been
proposed by many researchers. The most popular definition
is given by the Riemann-Liouville, Caputo, Grünwald
Letnikov, Hadamard definition. The information about their
definition can be found in [12, 14, 15]. Most of the types of
fractional calculus definitions that have been introduced
cannot be used for classical properties such as product rules,
quotient rules, chain rules, Rolle theorems, and mean value
theorems. Therefore, Khalil et al. [11] introduced a new
modest idea. The definition called conformable fractional
calculus is the definition of fractional derivative and
integral with ∈ (0,1) order and it satisfies classical
properties mentioned above. Moreover, there are several
researchers introduced their definition conformable
fractional calculus in the other form [1-3, 10]. Recently, the
concept of conformable fractional calculus has gained
relevance, namely because they kept some of the properties
been important topics to discuss because there are several
applications about this topic [5, 16]. Also, further results
about this subject were developed by [6]. The aim of this
paper is to provide additional results of conformable
fractional calculus based on the definition introduced by
Katugampola [10]. There are several properties of
conformable fractional calculus that well functioned, like
classical calculus involving fractional derivative and
fractional integral, such as properties to determine fractional
derivatives, definite fractional integral as the limit of a sum
and comparison properties of fractional integrals are also
developed. Aditionally, some applications are given.
2. Conformable Fractional Derivative
Katugampola [10] introduced natural definition of
fractional derivative definition which satisfies classical
derivative properties.
84 Musraini M. et al.: Classical Properties on Conformable Fractional Calculus

2.1. Definition of Conformable Fractional Derivative similar arguments applied on property (ii), then property (iii)
Let ≥ 0 and ∈ (0,1). Given a function : [ , ] → ℝ.
is proven by
Then conformable fractional derivative of is defined by ( 4)( ) = *% ( 4): ( )
!"# $% ( ) = *% ( : 4 + 4: )( )
( )( ) = lim → , (1)
= *% ( : 4)( ) + *% ( 4: )( )
for > 0. If be −differentiable on (0, ), > 0 and
:( )4( ) + ( )4: ( )
lim(→ ) ( ) exists. Then, (0) = lim → ) ( ). = *% *%

( 4)( ) = ( ( ))4( ) + ( 4( )) ( )
The following theorem is an important result to prove the
next consequences.
Then, for (iv)
2.2. The Result Theorem of Conformable Fractional
Derivative :
< =( ) = *%
< = ( )
If > > 0 and : [ , ] → ℝ is differentiable 4 4
function then is −differentiable function at > , then (4( ) : ( ) − ( )4: ( ))
< =( ) = *%

( )= *% +
( ). (2) 4 [4( )]>
+
(4( ) : ( ) *%
− ( )4: ( ) *%
)
Proof. Using (1) and taking ℎ = - *%
(1 + /(-) then, =
[4( )]>
2− ( )
"#
0 1
( )( ) = lim , 4( ) ( )( ) − ( ) (4)( )
→ - < =( ) =
4 [4( )]>
0 +- *%
+ /(-)2 − ( )
= lim
-
Finally, property (v) will be proven using (2) as the
→
following
( + ℎ) − ( )
= lim ( ∘ 4)( ) = *% (
∘ 4): ( )
→ ℎ %*
1 + /(-) = *%
′(4( )4′( )
3 = :
04( )2 *%
4: ( )
( )( ) = *% ( ),
3
( ∘ 4)( ) = :
04( )2( (4( ))
since by assumption, is differentiable at > 0 . This
completes the proof of the theorem. This completed the proof of the theorem.
2.3. Properties of Conformable Fractional Derivative 2.4. Corollary of Quotient Property
Let ∈ (0,1] and , 4 be − differentiable at a point Let ∈ (0,1] and , 4 be − differentiable at a point
> 0. Then > 0. Then
i. (5) = 0. 5 ∈ ℝ
( + 4)( ) = ( )( ) + (4)( ). 1 ( )
< ==− .
ii.
iii. ( 4)( ) = 4( ) ( )( ) + ( ) (4)( ). ( ) [ ( )]>
6( )7# ( )( )% ( )7# (6)( )
iv. $( ) = 8 [6( )]
.
6 Proof. Using (2) and the property (iv) of theorem 2.3, then
v. ( ∘ 4)( ) = : 04( )2 (4)( ) (Chain Rule).
1 1 :
Proof. Using (2), all properties will be proven consecutively. < == *%
< =
+ ( ) ( )
Now, for fixed ∈ (0,1], it is easily seen that *% (5) =
+
*%
⋅ 0 = 0. This is prove of property (i). Secondly, for the 0 ( )(0) − : ( )2
= *%
property (ii), [ ( )]>

( + 4)( ) = *% ( + 4): ( ) :( ) *%
=−
[ ( )]>
= *% ( + 4): ( )
1 ( )
= *%
0 :( ) + 4: ( )2 < = = − .
( ) [ ( )]>
:( )+
= *% *%
4: ( ). 2.5. Corollary of Product Property
Hence, the definition satisfies linearity property. Using Let ∈ (0,1] and , 4 be − differentiable at a point
 Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal 2019; 8(5): 83-87 85

> 0. Then
1 1
> ( >) − ( *) = (5) < − =.
0 ( )2 = 2( ( ) ( ))
If (5) ≥ 0 then ( > ) ≥ ( * ) . Therefore, if
( ) ≥ 0 for all ∈ [ , ], then
Proof. Using (2) and the property (iii) of theorem 2.3, then
is nondecreasing on
0 ( )2 =
> *%
0 :( ) >
2 [ , ]. For parts (ii), (iii), (iv) can be proved with similar
arguments on part (i). Then part (v) follows immediately
= *%
0 ( ) :( ) + :( ) ( )2 from (i) and (iii) such that ( ) = 0 be a constant,
neither decreasing or increasing.
=( *% ( ) : ( )) + ( *%
′( ) ( ))
> 3. Conformable Fractional Integral
0 ( )2 = ( ) ( )+ ( ) ( )
>
The conformable fractional integral is discussed as follows.
0 ( )2 = 20 ( ) ( )2
3.1. Definition of Conformable Fractional Integral
2.6. Rolle Theorem for Fractional Derivative
Let ≥ 0, and ∈ (0,1). Also, let be a continuous
Let > 0 and : [ , ] → ℝ be a function satisfying the function such that E exists. Then
following
continuous on [ , ], (H)
i. E F 0 ( )2 = G 3H
ii. is −differentiable for some ∈ (0,1), F H *%
iii. ( ) = ( ),
Then, there extists 5 ∈ ( , ) such that ( ) (5) = 0. If the Riemann improper integral exists.
Proof. Since is continuous on [ , ] and ( ) = ( ), This following theorem explains that − fractional
there exists 5 ∈ ( , ) at which the function has a local derivative and −fractional integral are inverse of each other
extrema. Then as given in the next result.

051 A "#
2 − (5) 3.2. Inverse Property
0 (5)2 = lim"
→ - Let ≥ 0 and ∈ (0,1) . Also, let be a continuous
function such that E ( ( )) exists. For all > , then
051 A "#
2 − (5)
0 (5)2 = lim)
→ - [E ( )] = ( ).
But, the two limits have opposite sign, so ( (5)) = 0. Proof. Since is continuous, then E ( ) is certainly
Consider the function differentiable. Using theorem 2.2, then
( )− ( ) 1 1 3
B( ) = ( ) − ( ) − < − =. [E ( ( ))] = *%
[E ( ( ))],
1 1 3
−
3 (H)
Then, the function 4 satisfies the conditions of the = *%
G 3H,
3 F H *%
fractional Rolle’s theorem. Hence there exists 5 ∈ ( , ), such
*
$ = 1, the result follows. ( )
= *%
,
that
*%

[E ( )] = ( )
2.7. Monotonicity
Let > 0 and : [ , ] → ℝ be −differentiable on an
interval [ , ]. 3.3. Conformable Fractional Integral of Conformable
i. If ( ) ≥ 0 for all ∈ [ , ] , then is Fractional Derivative
nondecreasing on [ , ]. Let : ( , ) → I be − differentiable and 0 < ≤ 1 .
ii. If ( ) > 0 for all ∈ [ , ], then is increasing on For all > then
[ , ].
iii. If ( ) ≤ 0 for all ∈ [ , ] , then is E [ ( )( )] = ( ) − ( ).
nonincreasing on [ , ].
iv. If ( ) < 0 for all ∈ [ , ], then is decreasing on Proof. From definition 3.1, it is easily seen that
[ , ].
v. If ( ) = 0 for all ∈ [ , ], then is constant on E [ ( )( )] = G 0 (H)2 3H
[ , ].
Proof. For part (i), let * , > ∈ [ , ] with * < > . Using
theorem 2.7 there exists 5 ∈ ( * , > ) such that = G H *% H %*
0 (H)2 3H
F
86 Musraini M. et al.: Classical Properties on Conformable Fractional Calculus

J ( ) J | ( )|
=G (H) 3H iii. ]TF V"# 3 ] ≤ TF V"# 3 .
F If is continuous and _ ≤ ( ) ≤ ` for all ∈ [ , ],
E [ ( )( )] = ( ) − ( ) then
J
4( ) J ( )4( ) J
4( )
The following a definition of integration as a limit of a sum _G *%
3 ≤G *%
3 ≤ `G *%
3 ,
is provided. This definition has a number of benefits which are F F F

for any continuous nonnegative 4.

reviewed below.
3.4. Conformable Fractional Integral as a Limit of a Sum Proof. Firstly, property (i) is proven by definition 3.4 such
that
If is a function defined for < ≤ , Then the definite
K
fractional integral of from to be b is J
( ) ( N)
G 3 = lim M Δ .
N
*% K→L *%
K F
J
( ) ( N) NP*
G 3 = lim M *% Δ .
F
*% K→L N Now, by assumption ( ) ≥ 0 and Δ ≥ 0. It is known
NP*
that
Where Δ = ( − )/R and N = + SΔ . K
( N)
lim M Δ ≥ 0.
N
3.5. Conformable Fractional Integral Properties K→L *%
NP*
If ≥ 0, ∈ (0,1) and , 4: [ , ] → ℝ be a continuous
Based on the basic properties of limits, it can be concluded
function. Then
J U that
i. TF V"# 3 =
K
0 %*⋅J (#"V))V 2 0 %*⋅F(#"V))V 2 ( N)
W <X Z−X Z= , W ∈ ℝ lim M Δ ≥ lim 0 = 0.
N
%*Y* %*Y* K→L *% K→L
NP*
J 0 ( )Y6( )2 J ( ) J 6( )
ii. TF V"# 3 = TF V"# 3 +TF V"# 3
J ( ) J ( )
As it is known, the left side is surely the definition of the
iii. TF W V"# 3 = W TF V"# 3 , W ∈ ℝ, conformable fractional integral. Therefore the following is
J ( ) J ( )
iv. TF V"# 3 = − TF V"# 3 true.
J ( ) A ( ) J ( )
TF V"# 3 = TF V"# 3 + TA V"# 3 J ( )
G 3 ≥ 0.
v.
F ( ) *%
vi. TF V"# 3 = 0. F

Proof. It is easy to proof property (i). Since it is known that For property (ii), since ( ) ≥ 4( ) , then that ( ) −
integral of constant functions is multiplication 5 with integral 4( ) ≥ 0 on < ≤ . So, using property (i) above and
integral of power function. Property (ii) is proved using property (ii) on theorem 3.5 it is easily seen that,
( ) 4( )
definition 3.4 as the following.
J J
J ( ) + 4( )
K
( N ) + 4( ) G *%
3 −G *%
3 ≥ 0.
G 3 = lim M [ \ Δ , F F
N
*% K→L *%
F NP*
Thus,
K K
( N) 4( )
= lim M [ \ Δ + lim M [ *% \ Δ ,
J ( ) J
4( )
K→L N *% K→L N G *%
3 ≥G *%
3 .
NP* NP*
F F
J ( ) + 4( ) J
( ) J
4( )
G *% 3 =G *% 3 +G *% 3 The last property is (iii). It is equivalent with
F F F
J| ( )| J ( ) J| ( )|
Part (iii), (iv), (v), (vi) can be proven similarly with −G *%
3 ≤G *%
3 ≤G *%
3 .
F F F
arguments on part (ii).
This follows immediately from property (i) and (ii) because
3.6. Comparison Properties of Conformable Fractional
Integral −| ( )| ≤ ( ) ≤ ( ).
Let ≥ 0 and ∈ (0,1]. Also, let , 4: [ , ] → ℝ be a Finally, property (iv) can be proven by using property (ii)
continuous function. Then, on theorem 3.6.
J ( )
i. If ( ) ≥ 0 for all ∈ [ , ], then TF V"# 3 ≥ 0.
J ( )
3.7. Mean Value Theorem for Fractional Integral
ii. If ( ) ≥ 4( ) for all ∈ [ , ], then TF V"# 3 ≥
J 6( ) If : [ , ] → ℝ is a continuous function on [ , ]. Then,
TF V"# 3 . there exists 5 in [ , ] such that,
 Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal 2019; 8(5): 83-87 87

( )
fractional integral. Some applications are also given.
1 1 J
(5) = < − =G *% 3 .
F

Proof. Define References

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