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Chapter1 PDF
Chapter1 PDF
Chapter1 PDF
1 INTRODUCTION
district. A list of some of the studies made previously has been given in the
following pages.
reported using bottled water (paying an average $4.35 per week), 13% used
water filters and 9% said they routinely boiled water prior to drinking. This
43% of the nationwide respondents used at least some bottled water and
averting behavior.
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Steve Turgeon et al., (2004) in their article titled “Perception of
health. Several studies have been carried out to analyze people's perception
and attitude about the drinking water coming from their water distribution
systems. The goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of water
system on consumer perception of tap water. The study is based on the data
obtained from two surveys carried out in municipalities of the Quebec City
with residual chlorine levels. The study also confirms the importance of
water quality.
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Andria et al., (2005) in their article titled “Public perception of
drinking water from private water supplies: focus group analyses” have
said that over four million Canadians receive their drinking water from
private water supplies, and numerous studies report that these supplies often
rural areas test their water intermittently, if at all, and treatment of water
drinking water among residents served by private systems will enable public
purpose of this study was to explore the drinking water perceptions and self-
groups wanted more information on water testing, and various media for
confident in the safety of their private water supply, the factual basis for
age groups may suggest the need for targeted public education strategies.
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These focus groups provided significant insight into the public perception of
private water supplies and the need for public health outreach activities;
Resources” has discussed that Canadian municipal water utilities have had
to face many difficulties in the past few years. This paper reviews results
the United Kingdom (UK) over the last 15 years. This examination provides
IWRM. This should result in more satisfied customers and a more efficient
use of Canada's scarce water resources. The study describes the Contingent
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analyze drinking water services and quality in district Abbottabad. In an
attempt to measure, how much households are willing to pay for improved
ABA, we again have used the same technique to estimate the water
district.
water in El Paso County, Texas, which is on the border with Mexico. The
four weeks each during April through June of 2004. Data were collected on
statistically significantly higher ratings for taste and odor and likelihood of
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future use than the other two approaches. Ultraviolet disinfection and small-
scale batch chlorination both received significantly higher ratings for ease of
problem with both batch chlorination and storage tank chlorination. Water
quality in the households using trucked water is now higher than was
over time.
the last decade, even in countries where tap water quality is considered
excellent. This paper discusses some of the reasons why people decide for an
option that is often more expensive and less comfortable than tap water.
Consumer surveys usually stress two main factors: dissatisfaction with tap
many other factors are involved, including demographic variables and the
perceived quality of the water source. Trust in tap water companies also
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Zhao, Dun (2006) in their study titled “Consumer attitude and
UK” has examined the buying behaviour towards bottled water. The global
bottled water market has been booming over the past five years as bottled
over the world. The UK bottled market is no exception. In fact, it has one of
water, this research has been conducted. However, the conceptual model has
bottled water marketers? The results for the first research objective showed
that perception has a very weak negative relationship with bottled water
buying behaviour and attitude has a weak positive relationship with bottled
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behaviour. The findings for the second research objective were that there is
The findings also indicate that it is unlikely either male or female university
positive consumer perception and attitude into the final purchasing of bottled
water.
Filters” has discussed that water is the most crucial source for the continuity
of all creatures on earth. Thus, water safety issue becomes very important.
show that consumers are not satisfied with the quality of water supplied. A
large number of consumers decided to treat the water using domestic water
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treatment systems. The objectives of this study are to determine the quality
practice and consumer’s satisfaction towards water quality and the filtering
system used in their homes. The results showed that almost all respondents
(98.52%) experienced problems with the water supplied to their homes with
the perception that its quality was not satisfactory and had the impression
that the water could harm their health. The majority of the respondents viz
76.1% had a low level of satisfaction towards the water supplied and 83%
felt that the water filter system provided benefits to them. The results also
showed that unfiltered water quality was generally better than the filtered
water, but the respondent’s satisfaction was higher for filtered water
towards water was not influenced by the actual quality of the water. The
result of this study suggests that some action should be taken so that
consumers are aware of the real situation. Researchers can do further studies
Ultra Low Cost Water Purifier for Indian Rural Market” has explained
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about the importance of water purifiers. Water is the vital source of
existence of life on earth. Drinking pure water has changed from luxury to
necessity for the past few years. In general the people living in urban areas
have access to good drinking water by having water purifier and at times can
India, most of the people do not have a source of clean drinking water and
because of illiteracy, they are not aware of the hazards caused by drinking
unclean water. Even if they know it, their poor economic status prevents
taken to design a water purifier for rural India. The project was aimed at
designing a low cost water purifier suitable for rural conditions. The design
having one on one interview with the people with a list of questionnaires
was the method adopted for data collection. Also interviewing suburban
shops and observations made during the visits gave a clear insight of the
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Analysis, Mind Mapping, etc he outcome of which was implemented during
reduction of bacteria, virus and protozoa. Smell, taste and the temperature of
Susan Talatala (2008) in his article titled “The Effect of Tap Water
over the past 30 years, drinking water has evolved from existing as a
Although its growth and popularity represent success for the bottled water
industry, the life cycle of bottled water forces a serious impact upon the
environment. Despite these issues and despite that tap water is an equal
of tap water taste and safety. A survey was designed for and administered to
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Correlation test, results indicated that there was no relationship between
perception of tap water taste and consumption of bottled water. There was a
order to evaluate the long-term uptake and use of locally produced ceramic
water filters in rural Cambodia. They visited households that had received
period from 2002 to 2006. Of the more than 2,000 filters distributed, they
provinces to assess filter time in use and to collect data on factors potentially
correlated with long-term use. Results indicate that filter use declined at the
filter use over time was most closely positively associated with: related
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water, sanitation and hygiene practices in the home; cash investment in the
water source.
Alisa Bektesevic and Grace Oloya (2010) in their study titled “The
one billion still do not have access to clean drinking water and 1.8 million
children die each year from diarrhea related to unsafe water. Uganda has
been selected as the only country in Africa to pilot a project that provides
cheap and safe drinking water to rural areas in Uganda. Applied Technology
Uganda (ATU) is carrying out the project promoting the sale of water filter
option. However, despite the filter being promoted and presented on the
market since 2008, the target consumers are still not buying it. The purpose
stagnant. The authors will investigate the viability of the approach used to
market CrystalPur with help of the marketing mix after which necessary
adjustments best fitted for the Ugandan market will be suggested. The
investigation has shown that the target customers are not buying the filter
because they doubt its functionality of providing safe water which has thus
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hindered its acceptance rate. Boiling water is the accepted method which
thus makes filtering disadvantaged. Also the filters performance does not
meet the expectation of the respondents due its fragility and slow flow rate,
the price of the filter was shown to be very expensive and unaffordable by
the target group. The channels used to create awareness are not effective due
to the low literacy rate affecting the level of understanding. Lastly, the
the product.
behaviour of the car owners which will give feedback on how marketing
the southern part of India has a progressive and growing market for cars.
This was selected for their study. Pre-testing was done by an Interview
twenty five car owners. A total of 350 Interview schedules were prepared
and out of this, only 327 Interview Schedules were filled up and collected.
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Data were collected through an Interview Schedule regarding perception of
the respondents on the usage of cars. The following tools were used in
testing the hypotheses and in the analysis of the data. ANOVA, t-Test and F-
Test had been used to test the significant differences between the groups of
variables like age, sex and income. Chi-Square test had been used to test the
the key factors responsible for the consumers purchase of cars and level of
satisfaction after purchase. Cluster analysis had been used to identify the
car. The study throws light on various features that the manufacturers should
consumer behaviour plays a vital role in marketing cars and there is more
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WaterFillz unit will be evaluated against the current method of selling
water the UBC students, faculty and staff. This may be able to be recovered
via renting out ad spaces on the WaterFillz units. From the social
perspective, the WaterFillz unit can make significant social impacts on the
way water is consumed in the New SUB and at UBC. It helps raise
identified that 80% of our participants are willing to drink tap water,
however only 52% drink tap water at UBC. More participants would drink
tap water at UBC if the water fountains were filtered, maintained and
accessible. By implementing the WaterFillz units, UBC and the New SUB
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are taking steps to move toward a more sustainable way of water
consumption.
And Preference of Bottled and Tap Water” have discussed that in order to
determine sensory perception and liking for tap and bottled water.
perceptive sorting task was designed for that purpose. Six bottled mineral
water and six types of tap water were presented to 389 consumers who had
groups and give their preferences. The resulting sensory map was found to
being passively dechlorinated, did not perform differently from bottled water
in all aspects for most consumers. Basically, three main tastes of water were
that the most likely preferred types of water are those with medium
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Ayokunle C Dada (2011) in his article entitled “Packaged water:
contrary as they reveal a large disparity between the expected and what
that the standard industrialized world model for delivery of safe drinking
provision that could help bridge the gap. Despite the established roles that
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on drinking water access for residents of the developing world is also
discussed.
have described bottled water use and beliefs and attitudes about water
their use of bottled water and tap water for their children and rating their
agreement with a series of belief statements about bottled water and tap
bottled water use and beliefs and demographic characteristics with odds
ratios (ORs). A total of 632 surveys were completed (35% white, 33%
Latino parents were more likely to give their children mostly bottled water;
minority children were exclusively given bottled water 3 times more often
than non-Latino white children (24% vs 8%, P < .01). In logistic regression
bottled water use: belief that bottled water is safer (OR, 2.4), cleaner (OR,
2.0), better tasting (OR, 2.8), or more convenient (OR, 1.7). After other
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residence outside the United States were not associated with bottled water
use.
Ogbuji, Chinedu N., et al., (2011) in their article titled “An Empirical
water, with special focus on the contributory roles of its various elements in
role than brand name and brand mark, in terms of influencing consumer
choice for bottled water. It was against this backdrop that this research work
should focus more attention on the company name and packaging but should
advertising.
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Zhihua Hu, et al, (2011) discussed in their study “Bottled Water:
many consumers believe bottled water is convenient and has better taste than
tap water, despite reports of a number of water quality incidents with bottled
water. The authors explore the demographic and social factors associated
with bottled water users in the U.S. and the relationship between bottled
water use and perceptions of the quality of local water supply. They find that
U.S. consumers are more likely to report bottled water as their primary
drinking water source when they perceive that drinking water is not safe.
Furthermore, those who give lower ratings to the quality of their ground
water are more likely to regularly purchase bottle water for drinking and use
study contributes to the still short literature on demand for drinking water
drinking water. Specifically, the study seeks to: analyze households’ access
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the factors driving households’ decision to purify drinking water. Our
analysis uses data from the second Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey
for possible simultaneity of the choice of drinking water source and the
decision to purify water or not before drinking it, a bivariate probit model is
used for discrete analysis. Most previous studies have neglected to consider
this issue in their analysis. Our findings suggest that households’ educational
decision to purify water before drinking it. Results also reveal that wealth
quintile, health status and number of children less than five years strongly
household choices over drinking water sources. The objective of this study is
to explore trends in perceived drinking water safety in South Africa and its
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characteristics. The results suggest that perceived drinking water safety has
remained relatively stable over time in South Africa, once the expansion of
particularly surprising, given the large cholera outbreak that took place at the
investigates the relationship between brand loyalty factors and brand equity
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perceived quality (PQ), and brand awareness (BA) and has a positive direct
effect on brand equity (BE). Brand loyalty is viewed as a link in the chain of
of using a Water Filter in recent years, home water filters have gained
economical solution for high quality water, water filters offer many benefits
over tap water and bottled water. Home water filtration offers a higher
quality water product than bottled water and the convenience of tap water.
Point of use water filters remove lead from drinking water immediately
healthy water that costs much less than bottled water. Water filters greatly
reduce the risk of rectal cancer, colon cancer, and bladder cancer by
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the body from disease and leads to overall greater health. The Importance
of using a Water Filter in recent years, home water filters have gained
economical solution for high quality water, water filters offer many benefits
over tap water and bottled water. Home water filtration offers a higher
quality water product than bottled water and the convenience of tap water.
Most bottled water is bottled and sold in the same state in order to avoid
better, more economical and convenient way of getting truly healthy water.
Pradesh, India” has discussed that over 5 billion people worldwide are
to safe water. This paper reports the results of the first state-of-the-art
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commercial HWTS products. Controlling for attribute non-attendance in an
error components mixed logit model, the study results indicate that the most
pathogens, the retail outlet and, the time required to treat 10 L. Holding all
shops. Our results can inform the types of products and sales outlets that are
and uptake.
types of pollution in the country. With more and more Indians becoming
aware of the hazards of drinking impure water, the demand for effective
water purifiers is growing rapidly. Global and Indian brands are now vying
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for consumer attention in a fast growing market. Research shows that water
purifiers are the most sought products in Indian market. This paper
India with respect to the existing and emerging brands of purifiers in Indian
market. A few brands are selected for the study and the company’s
with the use of water purifiers in India is documented in the paper. The
five leading brands of water purifiers. In all, the paper talks about the
organizations must look into the needs and wants of their customers. That is
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satisfaction, loyalty and retention are all very important for an organization
to be successful.
that in India nearly 80% people die due to water related diseases. Both urban
and rural areas in India are suffering from scarcity of clean water for
domestic use. Although access to drinking water has improved, the World
unsafe water. Diarrhoea, cholera, malaria etc water related diseases are
from 7,00,000 Indians estimated in 1999 died each day. Consumer behavior
in India is always unexpected and dynamic. This study is all about consumer
behavior, and the factors that motivate them to purchase water purifier for
Bhubaneswar, capital city of Odisha. I have taken 100 sample and tried to
find out how much consumers are aware about water purifiers while
purchasing and using it. This research is based on both primary data and
secondary data. Samples are randomly selected. All the samples include user
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Philippe Burny and Carmen Valentina Rădulescu (2014) in their study
approach of the first part of this scientific approach. The second part of the
appreciated by most consumers (very good and good: purity – 42%, taste –
53%, smell – 55%, turbidity – 49%, safety – 28%). The other study analyzes
consumers’ attitude towards drinking water: what they think, believe and do.
According to its results, most of consumers tested (62%) drink between 1-2
liters of liquids per day and the most used liquid is water.
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Ranchay Bhateja et al., (2014) in their study titled, “A Study of
against ensuring that drinking water is safe. This study investigated the
water. Alongside this we examined the role of solid waste disposal in water
safety. Three hundred and seventy eight households from four residential
water safety that advocate appropriate water use, hygiene and sanitation
strategies
2.3 CONCULISION
Most of the reviews were found from the research studies conducted
outside India. As there are no studies so far done in the area of consumer
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