“CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS

ELECTRIC VEHILCES AS AN
ALTERNATIVE FOR MOBILITY”

Report submitted to
GEN Society’s,
GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, HUBLI
(Affiliated to Karnatak University, Dharwad & Recognized by AICTE, New Delhi)

By

Veerendra gokulad
19MBA276

Under the guidance of

Prof._Afreen Nasabi
Assistant professor

AUG 2020

GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL

HUBLI-580026.
 GEN Society’s,

GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, HUBLI

(Affiliated to Karnatak University, Dharwad & Recognized by AICTE, New Delhi)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Summer Implant Project 2020entitled

“CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHILCES AS

AN ALTERNATIVE FOR MOBILITY” is the bonafide record of

independent research work conducted by Mr Veerendra gokulad

(Reg.No: 19MBA276)under my supervision, submitted to Karnatak

University, Dharwad for the partial fulfillment for the award of the

Degree ofMaster of Business Administration and that the project has

not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma,

Associate ship, Fellowship or title.

Place: Hubli Prof.Afreen nasabi

Date: 23-07-2020 Institution Guide

DIRECTOR
Global Business School,
Hubli - 580026
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a matter of great pleasure to acknowledge those personalities who have inspired,
guided and contributed immensely in helping me in bringing out this Project Report.
I wish to take this opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude to prof. Afreen
nasabi for his valuable guidance in this endeavor. He has been a constant source of
inspiration. I sincerely thank sir for his suggestions and help in successfully completing
my project report.
I would like to thank to my parents, my teaching and non-teaching faculties, my friends
and all those who have helped me directly or indirectly for the completion of this
project work

(Veerendar gokulad)
Place-Hubli
Date-23-07-2020
 DECLARATION

I, Veerendra gokulad (19MBA276)hereby declare that the Project titled "

CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHILCES AS AN

ALTERNATIVE FOR MOBILITy”submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the degree of “Master of Business Administration” by

Karnatak University, Dharwad; this is my original work and is not submitted

elsewhere for the award of any other degree or diploma.

Date: 23-07-2020 Veerendra gokulad

Place: Hubli M.B.A II semester
Contents
Executive summary...............................................................................................................................7
Introduction of the organization...........................................................................................................8
7 top electric car manufacturers and vehicles.....................................................................................15
LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................20
THEORETICAL CONCEPTS............................................................................................................25
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................26
Nature of the study:........................................................................................................................26
Objectives:.......................................................................................................................................27
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION...............................................................................................27
Findings...............................................................................................................................................53
Suggestions..........................................................................................................................................53
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................54
Reference............................................................................................................................................55
Executive summary

This project is done to understand the consumer attitude towards electric vehicles as an
alternative for mobility. Electric vehicles are run by battery completely and by no other
source .Battery run vehicles are known as Electric vehicles ,commonly known as EV’s .This
study is based on detail involve through questionnaires and secondary data.Research
methodology goes like this, this is an descriptive study data collection are done by
questionnaire and different articles, journals ,literature review and websites. The data’s are
collected through Primary and secondary sources. The collection of data is through
Questionnaire in the Google forms and Survey of Consumers. The respondents will be the
existing car owners, potential buyers of vehicles and primitive class of the economy.
Secondary data : are in the form of finished products as they have already been treated
statistically in some form or other. The secondary data mainly consists of data and
information collected from records, company websites and also Researches published by
various scholars and by the corporate authors. And also from literature review.
The data was collected from two different sources- primary and secondary. Primary data was
collected by distributing the questionnaire in the form of goggle doc’s to drivers, potential
buyers, primitive class, and existing owners.

Secondary data has been collected from the various websites, research websites and research
paers, literature review.
Sampling method are descriptive statistics, convince sampling.
Sample size is 150.The title of the project is CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS
ELECTRIC VEHILCES AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR MOBILITY. And the objectives are
 To know the consumer Attitude and perception towards electric vehicles for Mobility.
 To study the present expectations of the consumers regarding the electric vehicles.
This project is properly designed to meet the set objectives. findings of the research
are
 Cost can be a major factor as most of the consumers are ready to pay around
5-15lakhs, only few people are ready to go more than this.
 Battery charging time is the biggest concern consumers are ready to wait from
2-6hours to fully charge and less consumers can wait for 8hours.
 Still many people think that to build an have EV;s the technology will be
available next five years.
 Ev’s companies should advertise their cars so that everybody will come to
know about the product, only Mahindra and kona are popular among the
consumers.
 Most of the respondents are ready to purchase as soon as possible and also
they are will to purchase the in the next five years.
 Still many people not concerned about the environment

Conclusion can be given by

•If the price if the EV’s are priced between 5-15lakhs they we can see more
sales so less pricing is suggested.
•More battery range is required so the companies should improve the battery
range of the vehicle.
•More Power stations are to be installed every petrol bunks.
•Companies should focus on advertising and give knowledge about the EV’s.
•Consumers have positive attitude towards the EV’s.
•Mid priced vehicles will be attracting more.
Finally by analyzing the data that is primary and secondary data we meet the
set objectives.
Introduction of the organization

Every one nowadays think that electric cars were introduced in 21st century but the fact says
that the very first small electric cars were built in 1870s or later, this was built by an English
inventor in 1884.An electric is automobile that is propelled by one or more electric batteries.
Electric cars were produced in 1870s but electric cars were popular in the late 19th century
and early 20th century.

Several National local governments have established government incentives for plug in
electric cars tax credits, subsidies and other incentives to. In 2013 India the government
started faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles scheme which
provides incentives for purchasing electric vehicles. In 2017 Transport minister Nitin gad
Kari announced that he intended for India to move 100% electric vehicles cars by 2030.

As of December 2019, the global stock of pure electric cars totaled almost 5 million units,

Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric cars are seeing a rise in popularity today for
many of the same reasons they were first popular.Whether it’s a hybrid, plug-in hybrid or all-
electric, the demand for electric drive vehicles will continue to climb as prices drop and
consumers look for ways to save money at the pump. Currently more than 3 percent of new
vehicle sales, electric vehicles sales could to grow to nearly 7 percent or 6.6 million per year
worldwide by 2020 (Matulka, 2015).

It’s hard to pinpoint the invention of the electric car to one inventor or country. Instead it was
a series of breakthroughs from the battery to the electric motor in the 1800s that led to the
first electric vehicle on the road.

The birth of the electric vehicle

In the early part of the century, innovators in Hungary, the Netherlands and the United States
including a blacksmith from Vermont began toying with the concept of a battery-powered
vehicle and created some of the first small-scale electric cars. And while Robert Anderson, a
British inventor, developed the first crude electric carriage around this same time, it wasn’t
until the second half of the 19th century that French and English inventors built some of the
first practical electric cars. Here in the U.S., the first successful electric car made its debut
around 1890 thanks to William Morrison, a chemist who lived in Des Moines, Iowa. His six-
passenger vehicle capable of a top speed of 14 miles per hour was little more than an
electrified wagon, but it helped spark interest in electric vehicles.

Over the next few years, electric vehicles from different automakers began popping up across
the U.S. New York City even had a fleet of more than 60 electric taxis. By 1900, electric cars
were at their heyday, accounting for around a third of all vehicles on the road. During the
next 10 years, they continued to show strong sales. (Matulka, 2015).

To understand the popularity of electric vehicles circa 1900, it is also important to understand
the development of the personal vehicle and the other options available. At the turn of the
20th century, the horse was still the primary mode of transportation. But as Americans
became more prosperous, they turned to the newly invented motor vehicle, available in
steam, gasoline or electric versions, to get around. Steam was a tried and true energy source,
having proved reliable for powering factories and trains. Some of the first self-propelled
vehicles in the late 1700s relied on steam; yet it took until the 1870s for the technology to
take hold in cars. Part of this is because steam wasn’t very practical for personal vehicles.
Steam vehicles required long startup times, sometimes up to 45 minutes in the cold, and
would need to be refilled with water, limiting their range.

As electric vehicles came onto the market, so did a new type of vehicle. Electric cars didn’t
have any of the issues associated with steam or gasoline. They were quiet, easy to drive and
didn’t emit a smelly pollutant like the other cars of the time. Electric cars quickly became
popular with urban residents, especially women. They were perfect for short trips around the
city, and poor road conditions outside cities meant few cars of any type could venture farther.
(Matulka, 2015)

Environmental concern drives electric vehicles forward

Fast forward again, this time to the 1990s. In the 20 years since the long gas lines of the
1970s, interest in electric vehicles had mostly died down. But new federal and state
regulations begin to change things. The passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment and
the 1992 Energy Policy Act, plus new transportation emissions regulations issued by the
California Air Resources Board, helped create a renewed interest in electric vehicles in the
U.S. The first turning point many have suggested was the introduction of the Toyota Prius.
Released in Japan in 1997, the Prius became the world’s first mass-produced hybrid electric
vehicle. In 2000, the Prius was released worldwide, and it became an instant success with
celebrities, helping to raise the profile of the car. To make the Prius a reality, Toyota used a
nickel metal hydride battery, a technology that was supported by the Energy Department’s
research. Since then, rising gasoline prices and growing concern about carbon pollution have
helped make the Prius the best-selling hybrid worldwide during the past decade. (Matulka,
2015).

Indian Government’s Initiatives for Electric Vehicles

In 2013, the Government of India launched the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
(NEMMP) 2020. The plan aims to achieve national fuel security by promoting hybrid and
electric vehicles in the country. To fast track this development, the government also launched
the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles scheme under
NEMMP 2020. (Rais, 2018 )

This scheme is aimed at incentivising all vehicle segments i.e. 2 wheeler, 3 wheeler auto,
passenger 4 wheeler vehicle, light commercial vehicles and buses. Under this scheme, about
99,000 hybrid/electric vehicles (xEVs) have been given direct support by way of demand
incentives since the launch on April 1, 2015. The government has also approved pilot
projects, charging infrastructure projects and technological development projects aggregating
to nearly 24 million dollars. Goenka added that in India, the first usable EV will happen
through aggregators, fleet operators such as Ola and Uber, corporate fleets and so on. This is
where we will see the highest number of EVs and will be the biggest bank for the buck.
[ CITATION Ahl18 \l 1033 ]
Business in Electric Vehicles (EV)

Goenka remarked, “Today, EV is one of the biggest opportunities that we have in India.”
This holds true as business in this sector seems to be on the rise. Last year, EESL (Energy
Efficiency Services), an energy service company of the government floated tenders to
procure at least 10,000 electric cars to phase out government vehicles in New Delhi. The
tender was awarded to leading automobile players Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra.
This year, the company will again float a tender for 10,000 more electric vehicles in India.

Taking advantage of the market scenario, the Mahindra Group, one of the leading Indian
multinational car manufacturing corporations and the first EV manufacturer in India is
actively involved in the development of electric vehicles. The firm has recently announced
that it has plans to invest 140 million dollars in EVs over the next four years. Mahindra has
already invested 92 million dollars in EVs over the past five-six years.[ CITATION Ahl18 \l
1033 ]

India - Emerging Scenario and EV desire

The Indian car industry has begun to encounter these impacts of the worldwide interruption.
Out of the four rising patterns, Electrification is of significance and may essentially affect
auto OEMs and auto segment producers. India has enormous designs for the developing
Electric Vehicles and its innovations in the nation. It has reported (and later adjusted a few)
ultimatums for the following decade.

India has incredible desires for accomplishing an elevated level of entrance in e-versatility by
2030. The explanation isn't unexpected; the disturbing degrees of contamination files which
continue rising and the epic dollars the nation must compensation for yearly raw petroleum
imports. In December 2017, New Delhi was in a condition of red caution and verged on
Beijing regarding contamination harmfulness; such are the contamination files in India. On
the off chance that India effectively figures out how to accomplish this objective by 2030, it
could spare around 1 Giga Ton of outflows. (Rangarajan, 2019 )

Cost of the battery

Presently, the expense of the battery and force gadgets comprise very nearly 66% of the
expense of an EV. The most broadly utilized battery materials today are nickel-metal hydride
(NiMH) and Lithium-Ion (LiON). Numerous variables like interest flexibly holes,
uneconomically low volumes and so forth, lead to the significant expense of assembling EVs.
Today, an EV's battery, power hardware and engines can together cost as much as six to
multiple times that of an IC motor influencing the ex-showroom cost.

New battery producing limits are coming up in India and the localisation push will help lower
expenses of EVs simply as it does on account of IC motor vehicles. Specialists in cell
fabricating feel that the monetary size of a battery producing plant is as much as 8 GWh.
Along these lines, unmistakably, localisation advantages can be gathered distinctly in the
long haul and with significant infiltration and volumes for EVs. (Rangarajan, 2019 )

Value numerous
 The greatest obstacle for purchasers hoping to go electric is the flow significant expense of
EVs. For a purchaser who is reluctant to pick a half and half for the proportionate ICE-just
vehicle, the almost 3x sticker price of an EV is a lot of a section boundary. The business see
is that the value different between ICE vehicles and comparatively situated EV can't be more
than 1.2x to 1.3x.

In any case, lower-end vehicles will in general be progressively costly on account of the
greater expense of innovation spread over a lower value level. Tragically, value affectability
is additionally higher among purchasers in the lower value section. Also, the expense of-
proprietorship issue will additionally influence long haul reasonability of EVs. (Rangarajan,
2019 )

The force, fuel, and charging framework organizations: By setting out an establishment of
help, improving on plans of action (e.g., renting of batteries, trading foundation, conveying
quick chargers), making the financial aspects of (quick) charging foundation work, giving
stable force gracefully and lattice strength, they can empower simple and fast charging and
drive EV selection. (Rangarajan, 2019 )

Worldwide EV MARKET TRENDS

In 2018, the worldwide EV deals, which incorporate BEVs, PHEVs, and FCEVs, crossed 2
million units to arrive at a last figure of 2,218,490units.The expanding ubiquity of EVs
features critical endeavors made together by different governments and car industry
Affiliations. Be that as it may, over 70% of EV deals worldwide in 2018 were in the US,
Japan, and China.

Expanding contamination and danger of a dangerous atmospheric devation have

complemented the need to supplant oil energized vehicles with emanation free substitutes.
Following quite a while of R&D, the business has seen EVs as the best reasonable substitute
for generally filled vehicles, Which has brought about the development of electric
vehicles.EV advancement endeavors are expanding with persistent help from numerous
administrations, car OEMs, and other government and non-government offices that are not
just advancing the deals of zero-discharge vehicles yet in addition stepping toward a positive
administrative system, charging foundation, and money related help? Yearning EV targets
and strategy support from governments Have brought about bringing down of EV costs.
(SRINATH MANDA, 2019)

What's more, factors, for example, broadened vehicle range and improvement in charging
foundation have filled the interest for EVs internationally Led by China, Asia Pacific has the
most noteworthy deals of EVs. China is concentrating on EVs to manage rising vehicle
emanations in the
Nation. The Chinese government gives endowments to the charge of vehicles, which, thus,
have expanded the deals of EVs in China. The endowments are offered for both unadulterated
EVs and HEVs. For example, the administration appropriation incorporates traveler vehicle
buying motivations of RMB 55,000 for BEVs and RMB 30,000 for PHEVs. Throughout the
years, the expense of batteries has diminished, which would again positively affect the
Chinese EV advertise. (SRINATH MANDA, 2019)
The Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI)— a multi-government strategy discussion committed
to quickening the presentation and appropriation of electric vehicles around the world—has
set an objective of arriving at an electric vehicle armada of 20 million by 2020, all inclusive.
The Paris Declaration On Electro Mobility and Climate Change has additionally set a
comparative worldwide sending objective of 100 million electric vehicles by 2030. The
development of the EV showcase is driven by government financing, appropriations, and
motivating forces, developing interest for EVs, expanding Worries over natural
contamination, and tremendous speculations from automakers in EVs. Be that as it may,
factors, for example, significant expense, littler separation secured by EVs, and absence of
normalization can limit the market development. (SRINATH MANDA, 2019)

DEVELOPMENTS TOWARD ELECTRIFICATION

Currently, EVs constitute less than 1% of all the vehicles sold in India. There are more than
400,000 units of electric two-wheelers And only a few thousand electric cars on Indian roads.
According to the Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles (SMEV), more than 95% of
electric vehicles in India are low-speed electric scooters (25 km/h), which do not require
registration and licenses.
The manufacturers are waiting for the government to clear regulatory hurdles and come up
with a clear stance on infrastructure development for EVs. In December 2017, the
government announced an investment of USD 64.1 million in its FAME initiative for
Launching electric buses, taxis, and three-wheelers in 11 Indian cities. This initiative will
boost the rate of EV adoption in India in the coming years. Moreover, in January 2019, under
the FAME II mission, the Indian government allocated INR 350 crore for investments in
research and innovation of 3 major components.
Transportation ministry and authorities in India should proactively increase incentive-based
mandates for EVs in the country by relevant stakeholders (automotive OEMs, Tier 1 players,
and technology solution providers), similar to the emission norms mandates. This would
build confidence in automotive OEMs and Tier 1 players in the country to invest
appropriately in the required infrastructure and technology for these vehicles.[ CITATION
SRI19 \l 1033 ].

GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS

The Government of India encourages foreign investments in the automobile sector and allows
100% FDI under the automatic route. The recent initiatives taken are: The government aims
to develop India as a global manufacturing center and an R&D hub.
ƒ Under NATRiP, the Government of India is planning to set up R&D centers at a total cost
of USD 388.5 million to enable the industry to be at par with global standards.
ƒ The Ministry of Heavy Industries has shortlisted 11 cities in the country for introduction of
electric vehicles (EVs) in their public transport systems under the FAME [Faster Adoption
and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles in India] scheme. The government will
also set up incubation centers for startups working in electric vehicles space. In February
2019, the Government of India approved the FAME-II scheme with a fund requirement of
INR 10,000 crore
(USD 1.39 billion) for FY’2020–22.[ CITATION SRI19 \l 1033 ]
 In 2013 India the government started faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and
electric vehicles scheme which provides incentives for purchasing electric vehicles.
 In 2017 Transport minister Nitin gad Kari announced that he intended for India to
move 100% electric vehicles cars by 2030.
 As of December 2019, the global stock of pure electric cars totaled almost 5 million
units, representing 64.25of all plug in passenger cars in use.
The Electric Vehicles Market is projected to reach 26,951,318 units by 2030 from an
estimated 3,269,671 units in 2019, at a CAGR of 21.1% during the forecast period. The base
year for the report is 2018, and the forecast period is from 2019 to 2030. The electric vehicle
market has witnessed rapid evolution with the ongoing developments in automotive sector.
Favorable government policies and support in terms of subsidies and grants, tax rebates and
other non-financial benefits in the form of car pool lane access, and new car registration
(specifically in China where ICE engine new car registration are banned in some urban areas)
the increasing vehicle range, better availability of charging infrastructure and proactive
participation by automotive OEMs would drive the global electric vehicle sales.
[ CITATION Mar19 \l 1033 ]

Mid-Priced vehicle segment are expected to grow at highest CAGR rate

The future of EVs is expected to be bright and with time the price of batteries, one of the
most vital components in an EV, is reducing significantly which would make EVs more
affordable. Mid-Priced vehicle class has limited features with less emphasis on features like
infotainment, instrument cluster, and other expensive features. China is one of the leading
countries for the mid-priced segment. Companies such as BYD, Smart, and Great Wall
Motors are manufacturing comparatively less expensive vehicles. In July 2018, Great Wall
Motors announced a partnership with BMW Group to produce electric MINI vehicles in
China. In December 2018, the company launched its new flagship vehicle under its new
‘ORA’ electric car brand: the ORA R1. The small urban car will cost only USD 8,680 after
incentives with a range of almost 200 miles.

Heavy investments from automakers in EVs

Heavy investments from automakers are expected to cater to the growing demand for EVs
and play a major role in the evolution of the electric vehicle market. OEMs offer electric
vehicles in different segments ranging from small hatchbacks such as Nissan Leaf to high-
end sedans like Tesla Model 3. The wide product offering has attracted many consumers and
resulted in a growing market for electric vehicles.

Demand for increased vehicle range per charge

Recent developments have shown a tremendous increase in vehicle range on a single charge.
In addition, electric vehicle manufacturers now offer home charging options with every EV
purchase, adding to the convenience of consumers.[ CITATION Mar19 \l 1033 ]

Major increase in EV models

Expanding e-mobility is an important building block on the road to a CO2-neutral balance.

Government regulations to promote the use of EVs are the driving factor in the increase of
EV models by various companies. The number of EV models introduced by automotive
companies is increasing rapidly with time.
Challenges:
High cost of EVs in comparison to ICE vehicles

High manufacturing cost of EVs has been a major concern over their widespread adoption.
As the popularity of electric cars rises over the next decade, the drops in battery prices and
reduced R&D costs should see the overall cost of purchasing electric hatchbacks, crossovers,
or SUVs reach levels of similar ICE vehicles

Stringent rules for installation of charging stations

A service provider must follow a certain set of instructions while installing a charging station.
Service providers need approval from plot owners (when the installation is done on private
property), local government for regulatory mandates, and utility providers for energy transfer.

Limited range of EVs

Many electric vehicle owners are concerned about the range or distance covered in a single
charge of EVs. The driving range of EVs is shorter than that of ICE vehicles.[ CITATION
Mar19 \l 1033 ]
The global electric vehicle market is dominated by major players such as Tesla (US), BYD
(China), BMW (Germany), Volkswagen (Germany), and Nissan (Japan). These companies
have strong distribution networks at a global level. In addition, these companies offer an
extensive product range in this market. These companies adopt strategies such as new product
developments, collaborations, and contracts & agreements to sustain their market position.

Recent Developments

In March 2019, Tesla launched its fully electric Model Y, which can carry 7 passengers and
their cargo. It has two ultra-responsive, independent electric motors that digitally control
torque to the front and rear wheels—for better handling, traction, and stability control.
In July 2018, Tesla landed a deal with Chinese authorities to build a new auto plant in
Shanghai, its first factory outside the US that would double the size of the electric car
maker’s global manufacturing.
In April 2019, Nissan announced that the new Nissan Leaf would go on sale in Indonesia and
the Philippines by 2020, underscoring Nissan's commitment to driving electrification in the
region.
In April 2019, BYD announced the launch of the K12A at the company's headquarters in
Shenzhen, the world's first 27-m pure electric bus. With a passenger capacity of 250 people,
it is the longest pure electric bus in the world and can travel at a maximum speed of 70 km/h.
In May 2019, Volkswagen announced pre-booking in Europe for the first model of its new
full-electric ID.3. The first special edition, which has been specially configured for pre-
booking, includes high-quality, high-performance equipment and is limited to 30,000
vehicles.[ CITATION Mar19 \l 1033 ]
7 top electric car manufacturers and vehicles
Tesla

Tesla, Elon Musk’s innovative technology company, is known for producing high quality,
cutting-edge vehicles with high-end and creative features. Tesla’s two most popular vehicles
are the Tesla Model S and Tesla Model X, and increasingly, the lower-cost Tesla Model 3.

The Model S is Tesla’s luxury sedan, and at the time of its first release, was the highest rated
vehicle ever tested by Consumer Reports. The Model X is the electric SUV from Tesla, and
features falcon wing doors, room for seven passengers, and almost 300 miles in range per
charge. The Model 3 is a low-cost sedan option for those not wanting to pay the high price
for the Model S luxury vehicle.
BMW

BMW is a German car company that produces luxury cars. Recently, they have entered the
electric car market with the BMW i3, an all-electric luxury SUV with a compact 5-seater
designed primarily for urban and suburban traveling.

Nissan

Headquartered in Japan, Nissan has sold the most EVs of any manufacturer worldwide. Their
electric car offerings are led by the Nissan Leaf. The world’s most popular electric vehicle,
the Leaf offers all the benefits of driving electric, while staying available with a relatively
low price point.
Chevrolet

Chevrolet is the automotive section of American company General Motors, and sells a wide
range of vehicles worldwide. Chevy’s first foray into the all-electric car market is the
Chevrolet Bolt, which offers over 220 miles per charge at a price far below other long-range
vehicles, such as Tesla’s current lineup.

Ford

Ford is a classic American car maker, producing a plethora of vehicles for sale worldwide
from pickup trucks to plug-in hybrids. Their leading electric vehicle is the Ford Focus
Electric. An electric version of the popular Ford Focus, the Focus Electric is an affordable
EV with all the look and feel of a standard vehicle, but with over 100 miles per charge in its
battery.
Volkswagen

Volkswagen is a German automaker known for the VW Beetle offering an affordable and
reliable electric option in the Volkswagen e-Golf. Another relatively inexpensive EV, the e-
Golf has a battery range around 80 miles per charge, and feels like a traditional Volkswagen
automobile.

Kia

Kia is a South Korean car company that has emerged as an affordable and dependable
company to rival brands like Toyota and Honda. Their best-selling electric car is the Kia Soul
EV. The Soul EV, like the Focus Electric, looks and feels just like its non-electric twin, the
Soul, but with a 100-mile electric battery beneath the hood.

Tata Motors

Launched Hybrid and electric Starbus from manufacturing facility in Pune under its zero
emission mass transport solution.
Tata Motors offers a wide range of electric vehicles and contributing to the electric vehicle
industry in India with Tata Tigor electric car, Ultra Electric bus,Starbus Hybrid Electric
Buses for cleaner and greener public transportation.

Mahindra

Electric Mobility Limited is based in Bangalore, sells electric vehicles in the segments of
passenger and cargo as well as into the manufacturing of compact electric vehicles.

Earlier Reva electric company was acquired by Mahindra & Mahindra and today the
company has launched Mahindra e2o, electric hatchback e2oPlus, eVerito sedan, commercial
electric eSupro and upcoming electric version of the KUV100.

Ashok Leyland Electric

Ashok Leyland is one of the largest bus manufacturers in the world and market leader of
trucks in India. The company has already launched fully electric bus called Circuit in India,
advanced non-plug-in version of HYBUS, Electric Euro 6 Truck and announced iBUS.
Ola has launched multimodal electric vehicle project in Nagpur under the Mission Electric
and also running electric public transport vehicles in India. The homegrown company is also
plans for launching 10,000 e rickshaws in India as well as invest in setting up charging
stations of electric vehicles in major Indian cities.

LITERATURE REVIEW

1st Literature review

Title-Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption research: A review and research
agenda.
Authors- Zeinab rezvani, Johan jansson, Jan bodin.
Sample size of this research was 700.The research was conducted on 700npeople.
Highlights of the study are
•This review of consumer EV adoption studies provides theoretical and empirical insights for
research, policy and practice.
 Drivers for EV adoption include pro-environmental attitudes, symbolic meanings,
identity, innovativeness and emotions.
 Purchase cost of EVs is found to be a barrier to adoption while lower running cost is
shown to be a driver.
 Hands-on experience with EVs changed attitudes to a large extent, yet the negative
evaluation of range did not change.
The research method was Quantitative, online survey on 700people.

Main Findings of the paper are:

Purchase cost of EVs is found to be a barrier to adoption while lower running cost is
shown to be a driver.
Joy, pride and positive emotions from driving an EV and environmental concerns
positively influence adoption intentions.

2nd literature review

Title: Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer

attitudes and perceptions and this was published in the year in 2012.Sample size was
711.
Author’s egbue.s long. The variable used is Preference and attitude.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are promoted as a viable near-term vehicle technology to
reduce dependence on fossil fuels and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
 associated with conventional vehicles (CVs). In spite of the benefits of EVs, several
obstacles need to be overcome before EVs will be widely adopted. A major barrier is
that consumers tend to resist new technologies that are considered alien or unproved,
thus, policy decisions that consider their critical concerns will have a higher level of
success. This research identifies potential socio-technical barriers to consumer
adoption of EVs and determines if sustainability issues influence consumer decision
to purchase an EV. This study provides valuable insights into preferences and
perceptions of technology enthusiasts; individuals highly connected to technology
development and better equipped to sort out the many differences between EVs and
CVs.

Main findings:

We sample technology enthusiasts to determine attitudes toward electric vehicles.

► Knowledge and perceptions differ across gender, age, and education groups.
► High degree of uncertainty is associated with electric vehicles.
► Battery range is the biggest concern followed by cost.
► Sustainability has less weight compared to electric vehicle cost and performance.

3rd literature review

Title: Intent to purchase a plug-in electric vehicle: A survey of early impressions in

large US cites. Author are S carley,Krause,Bw lane JD graham.
This was published in year 2013. This paper examines consumer stated intent to
purchase plug-in electric vehicles and assesses the factors that increase or decrease
interest. We surveyed adult drivers in large US cities in early fall 2011, before vehicle
manufacturers and dealers began marketing campaigns. The survey responses thus
document early impressions of this transport technology. We find that, given current
battery technology and public perceptions, overall stated intent to purchase or lease
electric vehicles are low. Interest in plug-in hybrid technology is somewhat greater
than interest in all-electric technology. Consumers who express early interest in
adopting electric vehicles are typically highly educated, previous owners of
conventional hybrids, environmentally sensitive, and concerned about dependence on
foreign oil. Enhanced fuel economy, the primary tangible advantage of plug-in
technology, is recognized as favorable by respondents but fails to exert a strong
influence on purchasing intentions.
Main findings:
Interest in plug-in electric vehicles by respondents to a US survey is low.
► Early adopters are highly educated, owners of hybrids, environmentally sensitive,
and concerned about dependence on oil.
► Issues of cost, recharging, and driving range diminish interest in plug-in vehicles.

4th literature review

Title: Accelerating market diffusion of battery electric vehicles through alternative mobility
concepts. This was published in the year 2014 by Thomas m
Heike prof.
fter the 2008/2009 crisis, the automotive industry is reverting to growth. And the
growth is likely to continue in the coming years. Referred to optimistic scenarios,
global car sales will increase up to 2015 to even more than 90 million vehicles
annually (Polk, 2012), an increase of 30% compared to today’s figures. In particular,
the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) and emerging markets such as
Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey will contribute to this growth. Despite
these positive signs, the automotive industry is facing an interminable and far-
reaching transformation process (Deloitte, 2009). In addition to the continuous
improvement of the internal combustion engine and the integration of alternative
fuels, in particular new mobility concepts (such as car-sharing) and the electrification
of the power train (in the broadest sense: e-mobility) will fundamentally change the
traditional automotive industry (Boston Consulting Group, 2010; European
Commission, 2011)
H1
Consumer acceptance increases with the linkage of BEVs and alternative mobility
concepts.

H2
Consumer willingness to pay increases with the linkage of BEVs and alternative
mobility concepts.
The survey conducted an online-based survey among private consumers.
.
Main findings:
Manufacturers should minimize the fear the of customers from battery issues.
Manufactures and car dealer can influence the consumer.

5th literature review

Title: Experts, theories, and electric mobility transitions: Toward an integrated

conceptual framework for the adoption of electric vehicles. This was published in the
year 2107.The sample size of the research was 35.
Authors: Sovacol,Benjamin K in
Variables are Performance, Expectancy, and Effort.
I expand and integrate a theory of mobility (Auto mobility) with one of science and
technology (Actor Network Theory) and one about social acceptance and user
adoption (UTAUT). I apply this integrative framework to the diffusion (and non-
diffusion) of electric vehicles and the process of electric mobility. I begin by
presenting my methods, namely semi-structured qualitative research interviews with
social theorists. Then, I present the three theories deemed most relevant by
respondents. Auto mobility holds that, on a cultural or social level, automobiles exist
as part of a complex, one that involves hardware and infrastructure—a hybridity
between drivers and machines—along with patterns of identity and attitudes about
driving pleasure.
Findings
 Drivers will value not only cost but also some non technical factors to
satisfaction.
 Age,gender,experience was the factor.

6th literature review

Title: A review of influencing consumer intentions to adopt battery electric

vehicles. This was published in the year 2017 and authors are Wenbo Li
 Jichao geng.The sample size of the paper is 711.
Despite reducing environmental pollution and the excessive consumption of
fossil fuels, the number of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on the road is still
low. Why is this so? Why is the mass adoption of BEVs so difficult to realize?
One important reason is that the adoption of BEVs is, to a large extent,
dependent on the acceptance of private consumers, and their willingness to
adopt this mode of transport is insufficient. This study is a systematic
overview of peer-reviewed journal articles to identify the reasons for and
against consumer intentions to adopt BEVs. A total of 1846 papers were
retrieved and after two-step identification, 40 papers were finally identified
and analyzed in detail.
Findings
 Unless the driving range is improved, it is difficult to promote to
private consumers.
 Gender age, education.
 Experience did not influence consumer’s attitude and intention.
 It was appositive factor.
th
7 literature review

Title: Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review

Author: Fanchao Liao,eric molin.
Year: 2017
Sample size: 100
Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may contribute to the alleviation of problems
such as environmental pollution, global warming and oil dependency. However, the current
market penetration of EV is relatively low in spite of many governments implementing strong
promotion policies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on consumer
preferences for EV, aiming to better inform policy-makers and give direction to further
research. First, we compare the economic and psychological approach towards this topic,
followed by a conceptual framework of EV preferences which is then implemented to
organise our review. We also briefly review the modelling techniques applied in the selected
studies.

Findings
 Government have many policies to encourage the sales.
 Experience and age was a factor.

8th Literature Review

Title: Policy measures to promote electric mobility – A global perspective

Year: Theo Lieven
Research that addresses policy measures to increase the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs)
has discussed government regulations such as California’s Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) or
penalties on petroleum-based fuels. Relatively few articles have addressed policy measures
designed to increase the adoption of EVs by incentives to influence car buyers’ voluntary
behaviour. This article examines the effects of such policy measures. Two of these attributes
are monetary measures, two others are traffic regulations, and the other three are related to
investments in charging infrastructure. Consumer preferences were assessed using a choice-
based conjoint analysis on an individual basis by applying the hierarchical Bayes method. In
addition, the Kano method was used to elicit consumer satisfaction. This not only enabled the
identification of preferences but also why preferences were based on either features that were
“must-haves” or on attributes that were not expected but were highly attractive and, thus, led
to high satisfaction.
Sample size: 20 Countries,

Main findings:
 The result showed that the installation of a charging network on freeways is an
absolute necessity.
 This was completely independent from the average mileage driven per day.
 High cash grants were appreciated as attractive; however, combinations of lower
grants with charging facilities resulted in similar preference shares in market
simulations for each country.
9th Literature review
Title: How do Consumers Perceive Electric Vehicles? A Comparison of German
Consumer Groups.
Authors:Anja peters Elisabath dutschke.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are currently being discussed as a promising means to increase
the energy efficiency and sustainability of today's transport systems. While
technological progress and cost reduction are certainly crucial topics for their
successful diffusion, consumer acceptance is another issue that warrants further
analysis. Based on a large online survey (N = 969), we compared four consumer
groups which differ in their likelihood to purchase an EV with regard to their socio-
demographic characteristics, their willingness to pay (WTP) and their perceptions of
EVs.
Main findings:
 The findings indicate that early users in Germany are most likely to be middle-
aged men living with their families in a multi-vehicle household who have a
higher WTP for an EV.
 Perceived compatibility of an EV with personal needs seems to be the most
influential factor on the stated willingness to purchase an EV.
 With regard to the promotion of EVs, strengthening their environmental
advantages and providing financial incentives for purchase are rated as
important measures by a majority of the sample, while performance
characteristics which are comparable to conventional vehicles seem to be less
important for most participants.
 Based on the data analyses, we provide recommendations for measures
regarding the further development and promotion of EVs.

10th literature review

Title: Consumer purchase intentions for electric vehicles: Is green more

important than price and range.
Author:kenan degirmanci,Michel h,
Year: March 2017
In view of global warming and climate change, a transition from combustion to
electric vehicles (EVs) can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air
quality. However, high acquisition costs and short driving ranges are considered to be
main factors which impede the diffusion of EVs. Since electricity needs to be
produced from renewable energy sources for EVs to be a true green alternative, the
environmental performance of EVs is also presumed to be an important factor. This
paper investigates the role of environmental performance compared to price value and
range confidence regarding consumer purchase intentions for EVs. To develop our
hypothesis, we interview 40 end-user subjects about their beliefs toward EVs. Then,
we perform 167 test drives with a plug-in battery EV and conduct a survey with the
participants to test the hypothesis. Results of a structural equation modelling support
the hypothesis that the environmental performance of EVs is a stronger predictor of
attitude and thus purchase intention than price value and range confidence.

 This study investigates consumer purchase intentions for electric vehicles.

 Preliminary interviews with 40 end-user subjects are conducted.

 In total, 167 test drives with a plug-in battery electric vehicle are performed.
 A survey with test drive participants and a structural equation modelling are
used.
 Results show environmental performance surpasses price value and range
confidence.

THEORETICAL CONCEPTS

Theory on Consumer attitude

An attitude is a lasting, general evaluation of people (including oneself),
objects, advertisements, or issues. We call anything towards which one has an
attitude an attitude object (Ao). Attitudes are lasting because they tend to
endure over time. Attitudes are general because these apply to more than a
momentary event, such as hearing a loud noise, though you might, over time,
develop a negative attitude towards all loud noises. Consumers have attitudes
towards a wide range of attitude objects, from very product-specie c
behaviours (e.g., drinking Pepsi rather than Coca Cola) to more general,
consumption-related behaviours (e.g., how often you have  say drinks).
Attitudes help determine whom you choose to date, what music you listen to,
or whether you will recycle aluminium cans. The attitudes and opinions that
we hold affect our behaviour and our intentions. Marketers need to understand
consumers’ attitudes in a variety of circumstances, and to devise means for
in fencing those attitudes so that consumers adopt more positive attitudes
towards the products or services on offer. In this chapter, we consider why
people develop attitudes, and how they do so in different situations. We would
also consider the contents of an attitude, how we form attitudes, and how we
4Consumer AttitudeCB-TC_04.indd 87 2/24/2012 12:59:26 PM
Measure them, as well as review some of the surprisingly complex
relationships between attitudes and behaviour. An attitude has three
components: affect behaviour and cognition. Affects how a consumer feels
about an attitude object. Behaviour refers to his intentions to take action about
it (but, as we will discuss at a later point, an intention does not always result in
an actual behaviour). Cognition is what he believes to be true about the
attitude object. You can remember these three components of an attitude as the
 ABC model of attitudes, which is discussed later in the chapter. We discuss
how these components contribute to the level of commitment that consumers
feel towards products or services. In developing attitudes, people often rely on
their pre-existing knowledge and opinions to ensure they are consistent in their
beliefs. We also consider the theories of consistency and the implications these
might have for developing marketing strategies. Although marketers may
expect that they can increase sales by influencing consumer attitudes, this is
not always necessarily the case. Sometimes, though consumers may have a
more positive attitude towards certain products, this does not lead to any
change in their behaviour.[ CITATION Nna12 \l 1033 ]

Introduction to attitudes
"It is difficult to imagine a psychological world without attitudes. [...] Our
Environment would make little sense to us; the world would be a cacophony
of
Meaningless blessings and curses. Existence would be truly chaotic and
probably
Quite short" (Fazio & Olson, 2003, p. 139) Using dramatic words, the authors
paint the picture of how the world would look if mankind were spared of its
attitudes towards everything. This makes it easy to see the importance of
understanding how and why people feel and act in a certain manner to a
situation, object or anything that surrounds them. Attitude research has been
popular beginning in the 1900s. One of the main reasons for this, as described
by Wicker (1969), is that theorists have believed and have seen a real
connection between attitudes and behaviour. The idea is strengthened
Also by recent authors (Jansson, 2010) who affirm that attitude explains
consumer behaviour, even better than other factors (e.g. age, income, etc.]
The interest of this chapter is to try to understand the concept of attitudes and
See the underlying connection between attitudes and behaviour. As Fishbein
& Ajzen (1975) put it, attitude is a concept that is believed to guide or
influence behaviour. So, first of all, it is important to understand what attitudes
are.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction of the project

The project was undertaken to know whether the existing car owners and the potential buyers
of the cars and last the primitive economy class people will go for the electric cars as an
alternative for mobility. And to also know that what could stop the buyers from buying the
electric car and whether it will succeed in India.

The collection of required information is done with the help of questionnaire and secondary
data that was available in the company. The research conducted also to know to the consumer
attitude and perception towards electric vehicles as an alternative for mobility.
Nature of the study:
Nowadays automobile industry is growing day by day and every person in the world wants
to purchase a vehicle for his mobility. Automobile industry trends are changing every now
and then new source for vehicles that could petrol, disel, gas or hybrid vehicles or the solar
car.
But the trend that has amazed every person is the innovation of electric cars till now we have
seen the electric trains but now we could see buses and cars. So this study is done gain the
knowledge and to know consumer attitude. Study depends on the questionnaire that will be
the primary data and secondary data as well. Analyzing the responses research will be
completed.

Title of the project:CONSUMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHILCES AS

AN ALTERNATIVE FOR MOBILITY.

Objectives:
 To know the consumer Attitude and perception towards electric
vehicles for Mobility.
 To study the present expectations of the consumers regarding the
electric vehicles.

Data collection method: The data’s are collected through Primary and secondary
sources. The collection of data is through Questionnaire in the Google forms and Survey of
Consumers. The respondents will be the existing car owners, potential buyers of vehicles and
primitive class of the economy.

Primary data: Primary data are in the form of “raw material” to which statistical Methods
are applied for the purpose of analysis and interpretations. The primary sources are, data’s
collected through questionnaire.

Secondary data: are in the form of finished products as they have already been treated
statistically in some form or other. The secondary data mainly consists of data and
information collected from records, company websites and also Researches published by
various scholars and by the corporate authors. And also from literature review.

Data collection: The data was collected from two different sources- primary and
secondary. Primary data was collected by distributing the questionnaire in the form of goggle
doc’s to drivers, potential buyers, primitive class, and existing owners.

Secondary data has been collected from the various websites, research websites and research
paers, literature review.

Sampling: Maximum 150 respondents

Sampling method: descriptive statistics, convince sampling

Types of statistical Tools: excel, SPSS

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

1) -Age group
 15-20
 20-25
 25-30
 More than 30

age

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

20-25 84 56.0 56.0 56.0

25-30 55 36.7 36.7 92.7

Valid
more than 30 11 7.3 7.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Total respondents are 150 among them the highest respondents are from the
age group of 20-25 that is 84 response (56. %), the next highest respondents are of 25-30
55responses (36.7%) and more than 30age 11repsonses (7.3%).

2) How much are you willing to spend on an electric car?

 3-5lakhs
 5-10lakhs
  10-15lakhs
 Above 15LAkhs

How much are you willing to spend on an electric car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

3-5 lakhs 50 33.3 33.3 33.3

5-10 lakhs 61 40.7 40.7 74.0

Valid 10-15lakhhs 33 22.0 22.0 96.0

Above 15 lakhs 6 4.0 4.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: The above graph shows that the people are willing to spend around

5-10lAKHS on electric car.61(40.7%) respondents are the highest response group

and the second price that is ready to buy is around 3-5lakhs(33.3%).

 There are less people who are willing to spend 10-15lakhas on purchase it is the

3rd highest with responses of 33(22%).Around 6(4%)respondents can go for above

15lakhs.

3) How long would you be willing to wait for your electric car to be fully 
charged?
 1-2hours
 2-4hours
 4-6hours
 6-8hours

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

2-4 hours 61 40.7 40.7 40.7

4-6 hours 64 42.7 42.7 83.3

Valid
6-8 hours 25 16.7 16.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: people are ready to wait for 4-6hours has more responses are on this option
with 64responses (42.7) to fully charge .next highest waiting is 2-4hours 61(40.7%)
And the least waiting time is 6-8hours 25responses(16.7%).so consumers are not ready to
wait more for fully charge.

4) Do you believe there is the technology today to make an affordable

electric car to fit your needs?

 Yes, it is available today

 No, but it will be available within the next 2 years

 No, but it will be available within the next 5 years

 It will never be available

 Not educated enough to answer

Do you believe there is the technology today to make an affordable electric car to fit
your needs?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No, but it will be available

39 26.0 26.0 26.0
within the next 2 years

No, but it will be available

101 67.3 67.3 93.3
within the next 5 years
Valid
No, but it will be available
6 4.0 4.0 97.3
within the next 5 years

It will never be available 4 2.7 2.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: Most consumers think that today there is no sufficient technology to make
electric vehicles but it will be available in next five years as most of them have opted this
(101-67.3%)..39(26%) respondents think that it will be available in 2years.6 responses think
it will be available in next 5years and 4responses think it will never be available

5) If an efficiently sized electric car was available today, what may stop you
from buying it over petrol/diesel or a hybrid car?
 Cost
 Comfort
 Power
 Battery range
 Power stations

$stopfrombuying Frequencies

Responses Percent of

N Percent Cases

Cost 45 14.8% 31.0%

Comfort 57 18.7% 39.3%

What may stop from buying Power 97 31.8% 66.9%

Battery range 59 19.3% 40.7%

Power stations 47 15.4% 32.4%

Total 305 100.0% 210.3%
Interpretation: Most respondents think that power of the car may stop them
from buying as 97(31.8%) as has responded like that. Along with the power
battery range could also stop them as 59(19.3%) have opted.47 (15.4%)
respondents also think power stations could be the factor that may stop and
45(14.8%) say cost could be factor.

6) What are the electric cars that you know?

 Tata nexon eV
 Hyundai kona ev
 Mahindra E20 plus
 Others

What are the electric cars that you know?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Tata nexon ev 1 .7 .7 .7

Hyundai kona ev 41 27.3 27.3 28.0

Mahindra E20 plus 101 67.3 67.3 95.3

Valid
Tesla 5 3.3 3.3 98.7

All of the above 2 1.3 1.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table Mahindra e20 plus is the most popular 101(67.3%)
know about this car.2nd highest known car is Hyundai kona 41(27.3%), following next is
tesla, Tata nexon eV, and 3 respondents know all the above cars.

7) How likely that your next car will be an electric car?

 I want to buy an electric car as soon as possible-1
 I want to buy an electric car during the next 5 years-2
 I want to buy an electric car during the next 10 years-3

I don't want to buy an electric car

 How likely that your next car will be an electric car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

I want to buy an electric car

44 28.9 29.1 29.1
as soon as possible

I want to buy an electric car

75 49.3 49.7 78.8
during next 5years

Valid I want to buy an electric car

20 13.2 13.2 92.1
during the next 10years

I don’t want to buy an

12 7.9 7.9 100.0
electric car

Total 151 99.3 100.0

Missing System 1 .7
Total 152 100.0
Interpretation:75 respondents are ready to purchase an EV’s during the next next 5years,44
respondents are ready to purchase as soon as possible,20respondnets are ready to purchase
during the next 10years,12 respondents not ready to purchase the EV’S.

8) Are you environmentally conscious?

 Yes, constantly
 Yes, a lot of the time
 Sometimes
 Occasionally
 None

. Are you environmentally conscious

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Yes, constantly 1 .7 .7 .7

Yes, a lot of the time 37 24.7 24.7 25.3

Sometimes 99 66.0 66.0 91.3

Valid
Occasionally 10 6.7 6.7 98.0

None 3 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table 99(66%) are sometime they Are environmental
conscious, following 37(24.7%) are lot of time conscious about environment,10respondents
are occasional,1 respondents are constantly, and 3 are no where conscious.

9). How many hours would you say you spend in your vehicle per week? 
 1-10hours
 11-20
 21-30
 31-40
 41-50
 51-60
 61-70
 71-80
 81-90
 91-100

How many hours would you say you spend in your vehicle per week?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

1-10 72 48.0 48.0 48.0

11-20 43 28.7 28.7 76.7

21-30 14 9.3 9.3 86.0

31-40 7 4.7 4.7 90.7

41-50 7 4.7 4.7 95.3

Valid
51-60 2 1.3 1.3 96.7

61-70 2 1.3 1.3 98.0

71-80 1 .7 .7 98.7

91-100 2 1.3 1.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table there are 72 respondents who spend 1-10hours in a car
per week, following 43 respondents spend 11-20hours in a car,14respondents spend 21-
30hours and following 7,7,2,2,1,2 respondents spend 31-40,41-50,51-60,61-70,71-80,91-100
spend accordingly.

10). is there anybody you know that drives an electric vehicle?

 yes
 NO
 Maybe
 Is there anybody you know that drives an electric vehicle

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 51 34.0 34.0 34.0

yes 66 44.0 44.0 78.0

Valid
Maybe 33 22.0 22.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0


Interpretation: 66 respondents know the electric car drivers, 52 respondents don’t
know the ev drivers, 33 respondents think maybe they know or don’t.

11) If you know an electric car driver rate their satisfaction level out of 10
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
  8
 9
 10

you know an electric car driver rate their satisfaction level out of 10

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Dissatisfied 1 .7 .7 .7

Somewhat dissatisfied 23 15.3 15.3 16.0

quite dissatisfied 4 2.7 2.7 18.7

half satisfied 16 10.7 10.7 29.3

Valid quite satisfied 22 14.7 14.7 44.0

Somewhat satisfied 30 20.0 20.0 64.0

Fairly satisfied 37 24.7 24.7 88.7

Satisfied 17 11.3 11.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation:37respondemts think they are fairly satisfied with the electric car,23 respondent
think they are somewhat dissatisfied with ev’s,30respondents think they are somewhat
satisfied.22 feel they are quite satisfied and 17 fell they are fully satisfied.
 12) Do you believe electric cars are a viable alternative to petrol/diesel cars?

 yes
 No
 May be

. Do you believe electric cars are a viable alternative to petrol/diesel cars?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 18 12.0 12.0 12.0

Yes 82 54.7 54.7 66.7

Valid
Maybe 50 33.3 33.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation:82 respondents think EV”S are the alternative for petrol/diesel

cars ,18 people feel they are not alternative and 50 respondents feel may be.
 13) If an electric car was offered to you at the same price as its petrol/ diesel
counterpart, would you buy it?

 Yes
 No
 May be

. If an electric car was offered to you at the same price as its petrol/ diesel
counterpart, would you buy it?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 26 17.3 17.3 17.3

Yes 60 40.0 40.0 57.3

Valid
Maybe 64 42.7 42.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation:64 respondents may be they go for EV’s at the same price ,60 respondents will
go the EV’s at the same price and 26 will not go for EV;s.
 14). If a plug-in hybrid (needs external charging) car could run 50kms /
day on electric charge without consuming any other fuel, what would you
buy?

 Yes
 NO
 May be

If a plug-in hybrid (needs external charging) car could run 50kms / day on
electric charge without consuming any other fuel, what would you buy?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 25 16.7 16.7 16.7

Yes 65 43.3 43.3 60.0

Valid
Maybe 60 40.0 40.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 65 respondents will go for the EV’s, 60 feel they may be going
for and 25 will not go for the vehicles.
 15) Between electric and hybrid cars, which one does you, think is better?

 Electric car
 Hybrid car

Between electric and hybrid cars, which one does you, think is better

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Electric car 92 61.3 61.3 61.3

Valid Hybrid car 58 38.7 38.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 92 respondents will go for the electric car and 58

respondents will go for hybrid vehicle.
 16) How much premium are you willing to pay for an electric/hybrid car over a
petrol/diesel car?

 Less than 10Lakhs

 10-15Lakhs
 15-20LAkhs
 More than 20Lakhs

How much premium are you willing to pay for an electric/hybrid car over a petrol/diesel car

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Less than 10Lakhs 67 44.1 44.7 44.7

10-15Lakhs 46 30.3 30.7 75.3

Valid 15-20Lakhs 29 19.1 19.3 94.7

More than 20Lakhs 8 5.3 5.3 100.0

Total 150 98.7 100.0

Missing System 2 1.3
Total 152 100.0
 Interpretation: Among 150 respondents 67 respondents are willing got pay
less than 10lakhs, 46 respondents are willing to pay 10-15lakhs, 29 are willing
to pay 15-20lakhs and only 8 are ready to pay more than 20lakhs.

17) What is the minimum driving range you’d be comfortable with in your
electric car?

 100-200kms
 200-400kms
 400-500kms
 500-600kms

 What is the minimum driving range you’d be comfortable with in your electric
car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

100-200kms 31 20.7 20.7 20.7

200-400 57 38.0 38.0 58.7

Valid 400-500 34 22.7 22.7 81.3

500-600 28 18.7 18.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 200-400km range is most comfortable according to table as 57respondents

have opted that, 400-500km range is the 2nd highest comfortable range, 100-2—km range is
the 3rd rated comfortable range, and 500-600km range is the 4th comfortable range says 28
respondents.
 18) What is the most important feature, besides range, that you look for in an
electric car?

 Comfort
 Price
 Power
 Design

What is the most important feature, besides range, that you look for in an
electric car?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Comfort 69 46.0 46.0 46.0

Price 25 16.7 16.7 62.7

Valid Power 43 28.7 28.7 91.3

Design 13 8.7 8.7 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: 69 respondents look for comfort in EV’s, 43 respondents go for power, 23
respondents will consider price of the EV’s and 13 respondents will look design of the
vehicle.

19) .how much do you know about the Electric cars?

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5

how much do you know about the Electric cars

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Strongly disagree 6 3.9 3.9 3.9

disagree 14 9.2 9.2 13.2

neutral 48 31.6 31.6 44.7

Valid
agree 43 28.3 28.3 73.0

Strongly agree 41 27.0 27.0 100.0

Total 152 100.0 100.0

Interpretation:48 respondents they may be know about electric vehicle but not completely
they knew about it,43 respondents know about the electric vechicle,41 respondents strongly
agree that they know about EV’s,14 respondents disagree that they don’t know about EV’s
and 6 respondents strongly disagree that they don’t know about it.

20) .Do you think that electric cars are the best alternative for mobility?
 Yes-1
 No-0
 May be-3
 IN next five years-4
 Others

 Do you think that electric cars are the best alternative for mobility?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

No 8 5.3 5.3 5.3

Yes 45 30.0 30.0 35.3

Valid Maybe 79 52.7 52.7 88.0

IN next five years 18 12.0 12.0 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: As per the above table 79 respondent think that nay be it is an alternative for
mobility,45 people feel yes it is an alternative fro mobility,18 feel in next five years it will be
an alternative,8 think that it is not best for mobility.
 21) .How proud you feel when you drive an Environmental free car? Rate it out of
10.
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
 10

.How proud you feel when you drive an Environmental free car? Rate it out of 10.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Least 1 .7 .7 .7

Less 2 1.3 1.3 2.0

Quite better 3 2.0 2.0 4.0

quite good 3 2.0 2.0 6.0

Somewhat proud 7 4.7 4.7 10.7

Valid better feel 9 6.0 6.0 16.7

has pride 27 18.0 18.0 34.7

proud full 38 25.3 25.3 60.0

absolutely proud 34 22.7 22.7 82.7

environmentally friendly 26 17.3 17.3 100.0

Total 150 100.0 100.0


Interpretation: 38 people feel proud full when they drive EV’S, 34 feel absolute proud, 27
has pride, and 26 feel environmentally friendly.
Findings

 Cost can be a major factor as most of the consumers are ready to pay around 5-
15lakhs, only few people are ready to go more than this.(obj2)
 Battery charging time is the biggest concern consumers are ready to wait from 2-
6hours to fully charge and less consumers can wait for 8hours.
 Still many people think that to build an have EV;s the technology will be available
next five years.(objective 1)
 Ev’s companies should advertise their cars so that everybody will come to know
about the product, only Mahindra and kona are popular among the consumers.
(obj1)
 Most of the respondents are ready to purchase as soon as possible and also they
are will to purchase the in the next five years.
 Still many people not concerned about the environment.
 Among the users of EV’s many people somewhat dissatisfied about the product
and some are fairly satisfied with vehicles.(obj1)
 Majority of respondents feel that this is alternative vehicle over petrol/diesel
vehicles.(obj1)
 If the EV’s are priced as same as the petrol diesel vehicles they will surely buy the
product.(obj2)
 Still people are not ready to go for premium EV’s they can only go for 15lakhs
premium.(obj2)
 Most comfortable battery range is around 400-500 and 200-400kms.(obj2)
 While making purchase of EV’s consumers will majorly consider Power and
comfort in it.(obj2)
 Most of respondents know about electric vehicles.
 Most of the respondents’ are noir fully aware if the EV’s only some percent of
they know completely.
 Most of the respondents agree it is the alternative for mobility.
 They get pride and fell environmentally friendly when they drive EV’s(obj1)

Suggestions
 If the price if the EV’s are priced between 5-15lakhs they we can see more sales so

less pricing is suggested.

 More battery range is required so the companies should improve the battery range of

the vehicle.

 More Power stations are to be installed every petrol bunks.

 Companies should focus on advertising and give knowledge about the EV’s.

 Consumers have positive attitude towards the EV’s.

 Mid priced vehicles will be attracting more.

  More power and comfort should be in vehicles, manufactures should think about it.

 Company should do the campaign to give knowledge about EV’s.

Conclusion

Every one nowadays think that electric cars were introduced in 21st century but the fact says
that the very first small electric cars were built in 1870s or later, this was built by an English
inventor in 1884.An electric is automobile that is propelled by one or more electric batteries.
Electric cars were produced in 1870s but electric cars were popular in the late 19th century
and early 20th century.
Several National local governments have established government incentives for plug in
electric cars tax credits, subsidies and other incentives to. In 2013 India the government
started faster adoption and manufacturing of hybrid and electric vehicles scheme which
provides incentives for purchasing electric vehicles. In 2017 Transport minister Nitin gad
Kari announced that he intended for India to move 100% electric vehicles cars by 2030.
As of December 2019, the global stock of pure electric cars totaled almost 5 million unit.

Nowadays automobile industry is growing day by day and every person in the world wants to
purchase a vehicle for his mobility. Automobile industry trends are changing every now and
then new source for vehicles that could petrol, disel, gas or hybrid vehicles or the solar car.
But the trend that has amazed every person is the innovation of electric cars till now we have

seen the electric trains but now we could see buses and cars. So this study is done gain the

knowledge and to know consumer attitude. Study depends on the questionnaire that will be

the primary data and secondary data as well. Analyzing the responses research will be

completed.

 Ev’s will be new trend in the automobile industry.

 During the next 10years we could see lot of EV’s on the road.

 People are ready to experience the ev’s.

 Cost ,Battery range and power stations could be the main factor.

 Consumer have an positive attitude towards ev.

 Abbreviations

EV’s-ELETRIC VEHICLES

BEV-BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHILCES.

Reference

madichie, N. o. (2012). Consumer Attitude. Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited .
Marketsandmarkets. (Jun 2019 ). Electric Vehicle Market , : AT 4907.
Matulka, R. (2015). The Future of Electric Cars. The History of electric cars .
matulka, R. (2014). The History of the Electric Car. energy.gov.
Rais, A. (2018 ). India: The Rise of Electric Vehicles.
Rangarajan, S. (2019 ). Electric vehicle market in India: Evolution, challenges and solutions.
SRINATH MANDA, A. K. (2019). FUTURE TRENDS IN INDIAN MOBILITY.