HW 6C Answers

1. At 100.°C (373 K), the vapor pressure of H 2O is 1.00 atm = 760. torr. For water, ΔH vap = 40.7 kJ/mol.

P1 ΔH vap 1 1 P ΔH vap 1 1
ln
( ) P2
=
R T2 T1
−
(
or ln 2 =
P1 ) ( )
R T1 T 2
−
( )
3
520 . torr 40 . 7 × 10 J/mol 1 1 1 1
ln ( 760 . torr ) =
(
8 .3145 J/K¿ mol 373 K
−
T2
,
) −7.75 × 105 =
( 373 K
−
T2 )
1 1 1
,
−7.75 × 105 = 2.68 × 103 −
T2 T2 = 2.76 × 103, T2 = 2.76 × 10
−3
= 362 K or 89°C

2. At 100.°C (373 K), the vapor pressure of H 2O is 1.00 atm. For water, ΔHvap = 40.7 kJ/mol.

P1 ΔH vap 1 1 P2 ΔH vap 1 1
ln
( ) P2
=
R T2
−
(
T1 ) or ln
( )
P1
=
R T1
−
T2 ( )
P2 40. 7 × 103 J/mol 1 1
ln (
1 .00 atm
= ) −
8.3145 J/K¿mol 373 K 388 K
, ( ) ln P2 = 0.51, P2 = e0.51 = 1.7 atm
3
3 .50 40 . 7 × 10 J/mol 1 1 1 1
ln ( ) 1 .00
=
8 . 3145 J/K ¿mol 373 K
−
(T2
, 2. 56 × 10−4 =
)
373 K
−
T2 ( )
1 1 1
,
2.56 × 104 = 2.68 × 103 
T 2 T 2 = 2.42 × 103, T = 2.42 × 10−3 = 413 K or 140.°C
2

P ΔHvap 1 1 760 torr ΔHvap 1 1

3.
P2( )
ln 1 =
R T2 T1
− , ln
( 400. torr
=
) ( )
8 . 3145 J/K ¿ mol 291 .1 K
−
307 . 8 K ( )
Solving: DHvap = 2.83 × 104 J/mol = 28.3 kJ/mol

4. a. The plateau at the lowest temperature signifies the melting/freezing of the substance.
Hence the freezing point is 20C.
b. The higher temperature plateau signifies the boiling/condensation of the substance. The temperature of
this plateau is 120C.
c. X(s)  X(l) H = Hfusion; X(l)  X(g) H = Hvaporization
The heat of fusion and the heat of vaporization terms refer to enthalpy changes for the specific phase
changes illustrated in the equations above. In a heating curve, energy is applied at a steady rate. So the
longer, higher temperature plateau has a larger enthalpy change associated with it as compared to the
shorter plateau. The higher temperature plateau occurs when a liquid is converting to a gas, so the heat of
vaporization is greater than the heat of fusion. This is always the case because significantly more
intermolecular forces are broken when a substance boils than when a substance melts.
5. A: solid B: liquid C: vapor

D: solid + vapor E: solid + liquid + vapor

F: liquid + vapor G: liquid + vapor H: vapor
triple point: E critical point: G

Normal freezing point: Temperature at which solid-liquid line is at 1.0 atm (see following plot).

Normal boiling point: Temperature at which liquid-vapor line is at 1.0 atm (see following plot ).

1.0
atm

nfp nbp

Because the solid-liquid line equilibrium has a positive slope, the solid phase is denser than the liquid
phase.