2015 Anthropometric Survey PDF

Philippine Nutrition
Facts and Figures 2015
2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of

Filipino Children and Other Population Groups
ANTHROPOMETRIC SURVEY
Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Department of Science and Technology
Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila
December 2016
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2015
ISSN 2599-4433
This report summarizes the results of the Updating of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and
Other Population Groups (Anthropometric Survey): Philippines, 2015 undertaken by the Department
of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI).
Additional information about the survey may be obtained from the DOST-FNRI, DOST Compound,
Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines 1631.
Tel. Numbers.: (632) 837-20-71 local 2282/ 2296; 839-1846

Telefax: (632) 837-2934; 839-1843
E-mail: mvc@fnri.dost.gov.ph mar_v_c@yahoo.com

Website: www.fnri.dost.gov.ph
Recommended Citation:
Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI). 2016.
Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures 2015: Anthropometric Survey. FNRI Bldg., DOST Compound,
Gen. Santos Avenue, Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines.
The Philippine Nutrition Facts and Figures is published by the Department of Science and
Technology- Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Foreword ii
The 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children
iii
and Other Population Groups Management Team
Acknowledgements iv
List of Acronyms v
Operational Definition vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures xi
List of Appendices xiv
Summary of Findings 1
1 Introduction 3
2 Methodology 4
2.1 Sampling Design 4
2.2 Scope and Coverage 4
2.3 Survey Methods 5
2.4 Survey Questionnaire 8
2.5 Ethical Review 8
2.6 PSA Review and Approval 8
2.7 Data Processing and Analysis 8
3 Results 13
3.1 Nutritional Status of Preschool-Age Children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months) 13
3.2 Nutritional Status of School-Age Children, 5.08 to 10.0 year to old (61 to 120
28
months)
3.3 Nutritional Status of Children, 0 to 10.0 years old (0 to 120 months) 40
3.4 Nutritional Status of Adolescent Children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228
42
months)
3.5 Nutritional Status of Adults, 20.0 years old and over 51
3.5.1. Obesity among Adults, 20.0 years old and over 57
3.5.1.1. High Waist Circumference among adults, 20.0 years old and over 57
3.5.1.2. High Waist to Hip Ratio among adults, 20.0 years old and over 61
3.6 Nutritional Status of Pregnant and Lactating Women 65
3.6.1 Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women 65
3.6.2 Nutritional Status of Lactating Women 68
3.7 Birth Weight of Young Children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months) 71
4 Conclusions and Implications 74
5 References 75
6 Appendices 76
Food and Nutrition Research Institute i

FOREWORD
As mandated by Executive Order Nos. 128 and 352, the Food and Nutrition Research Institute
(FNRI) regularly conducts the National Nutrition Survey every five years, together with the Updating
Survey every two years in between, to define the country’s food, nutrition, and health situation. Yet
over the years, these surveys have done more than just document the nutritional status of Filipinos;
more importantly, these had served as tools to track our progress towards achieving the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs) of reducing poverty, hunger, and child mortality, improving maternal
health, and combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other health disorders. We now use them in gauging
where we stand in our quest to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The NNS and Updating Surveys serve as data and information source for program planners
and policymakers, both from the private and public sectors, to aid in the preparation and development
of interventions that would address the persistent malnutrition problems in our country, which involve
not only undernutrition but also the emerging problem of overnutrition in both children and adults. In
this vein, this monograph covers the nutritional status of Filipinos across age groups and physiological
status. Results of the current and previous National Nutrition Surveys are also compared to provide a
comprehensive and historical perspective on our progress towards eliminating malnutrition.
We hope that the Facts and Figures 2015: Anthropometric Survey shall be useful in
launching information-based initiatives that would benefit the Filipino people and in helping
authorities see how far their initial actions have come in responding to the needs of their constituents,
as well as in determining whether further efforts are still needed.
We also hope that through this effort, each of us – citizens, NGOs, and the government – shall
have a deeper awareness of the country’s nutritional situation, especially with regards to the double
burden of malnutrition, by recognizing the current challenge of high undernutrition prevalence that
remains a public health concern and the emerging challenge of overnutrition. We must keep in mind
that malnutrition is a multifactorial and multifaceted problem, and thus requires dynamic efforts from
all sectors.
As we shift our commitment from the MDGs to the SDGs, steps must be taken to guarantee
that existing interventions are scaled up, are in full effect, and are targeting the right population/areas.
Let us continue striving towards alleviating malnutrition in our country.
MARIO V. CAPANZANA, Ph.D.

Director
ii Food and Nutrition Research Institute

THE 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children

and Other Population Groups
MANAGEMENT TEAM
Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.

Project Director
Cecilia Cristina Santos-Acuin, M.D., Ph.D.

Project Leader
COMPONENT STUDY LEADERS DATA MANAGEMENT
Marina B. Vargas, PhD (Human Nutrition) Charmaine A. Duante, MSc Epidemiology

Dietary Component (Public Health)
Head, Nutritional Statistics and Informatics
Ma. Lilibeth P. Patalen-Dasco, MSAN Team
Anthropometry Component
Glen Melvin P. Gironella
Mildred O. Guirindola, MPS-FNP Senior Statistician and SES Component Head
Maternal Health and Nutrition
and IYCF Component Ma. Lynell M. Valdeabella-Maniego
Statistician
Chona F. Patalen, MPH
Clinical and Health Component Eldridge B. Ferrer, MSAES
Statistician
Cristina G. Malabad, MSPH (Nutrition)
Food Security Component Apple Joy D. Ducay
Statistician
Milagros C. Chavez
Government Programs Participation Component Jeffrey Y. De Leon, MIT
(2012 to March 2016) Senior Programmer and Developer of e-DCS
Charina A. Javier, MDE Mae Ann S.A. Javier

Government Programs Participation Component Programmer and Developer of e-DCS
(April 2016 to present)
FINAL REPORT WRITERS
Ma. Lilibeth P. Dasco, M.S.A.N.

Juamina Belen T. Quiogue
Alysya Marie D. Pedraza
Jannet O. Gutierez
EDITORS
Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.

Cecilia Cristina Santos-Acuin, M.D., Ph.D.
Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Ph.D.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Grateful acknowledgement and appreciation are due to the following:
The Department of Health (DOH), Health Policy Development and Planning Bureau, and the DOST-
Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD), through the 2015
Health Systems Research Management, for funding the project titled “Evaluation of the
Attainment of Health-Related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)” integrated in the
2015 Updating Survey;
The Philippine Statistics Authority (formerly National Statistics Office) for the technical assistance in
providing the list of sample housing units and sample households;
The Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Local Government Units (LGUs), the
Governors, Mayors, Barangay Captains, and their constituents for providing direct assistance
in the field survey operations;
The National Nutrition Council of the Department of Health (NNC-DOH), through its Regional
Nutrition Program Coordinators (RNPCs) and Provincial/City and Municipal Nutrition Action
Officers (PNAOs/CNAOs and MNAOs), for sharing their untiring guidance and incessant
support during field data collection;
The Department of Science and Technology Regional Directors (RDs) and Provincial Science and
Technology Directors (PSTDs) for their support, especially during training, pre-survey
coordination in the regions/provinces, and field data collection;
The Centers for Health Development (CHDs) - Department of Health (DOH) through its Regional
Directors and the Provincial/City and Municipal Health Officers (PHOs/CHOs and MHOs)
for their assistance during field data collection;
Dr. Arturo Y. Pacificador, in his capacity as statistical consultant, for the technical guidance in
sampling design;
The FNRI Finance and Administrative Division (FAD) for their invaluable assistance in the financial
aspect of the survey;
All 42,310 households and 161,577 individuals for their indispensable participation and utmost
cooperation in the survey; and
All FNRI technical and non-technical staff, local researchers, local survey aides, and numerous others
who have provided their inputs, involvement, and contribution to the fruition of the Updating
of Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups: Philippines, 2015.
iv Food and Nutrition Research Institute

LIST OF ACRONYMS
ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

BMI Body Mass Index
CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon
CAR Cordillera Administrative Region
CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention
CED Chronic Energy Deficiency
CI Confidence Interval
CV Coefficient of Variation
HFA Height-for-Age
HS High School
LBW Low Birth Weight
LL Lower Limit
MIMAROPA Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan
NCHS National Center for Health Statistics
NCR National Capital Region
NEC Not Elsewhere Classified
NNS National Nutrition Survey
PPAN Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
SD Standard Deviation
SE Standard Error
SOCCSKSARGEN South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani, and General Santos City
UL Upper Limit
UN MDGs United Nations' Millennium Development Goals
WC Waist Circumference
WFA Weight-for-Age
WHO-CGS World Health Organization - Child Growth Standards
WHR Waist-Hip Ratio
Food and Nutrition Research Institute v

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Birth weight (grams) refers to the actual weight of the child at the time he/she was delivered, usually
in kg/lbs/grams.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height; defined as a person’s weight in
kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2) (WHO, 2015).
Height/Length refers to the measurement of both total stature and trunk length, which has three
components: legs, spine, and skull. Standing height is measured for subjects two years old and
over using a stadiometer, while recumbent length is measured for children less than two years
old (0 to 23 months old) using an infantometer/medical plastic infant measuring board.
Hip Circumference refers to the distance around the largest area of the hips, usually the largest part
of the buttocks (CDC, 2007).
Hip is the widest portion of the trunk of the body.
Obesity is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 for adults (WHO, 2015) and BMI at
or above the 95th percentile for children (CDC, 2015).
Overweight is indicated by a BMI greater than or equal to 25 kg/m2 for adults (WHO, 2015) and BMI
at or above the 85th percentile and below the 95th percentile for children (CDC, 2015).
Recumbent Length is used to measure the length of infants and children <85cm, measured in supine
or lying down position (Gibson, 2005).
Stunted, based on height-for-age index, is a condition wherein children have height below the
standard for child’s age; reflects chronic undernutrition or past nutritional status; caused by
prolonged inadequate intake, recurrence of illness or improper feeding practices.
Underweight, based on weight-for-age index, is a condition wherein children have weight below the
standard for child’s age; captures both past and present nutrition status.
Waist Circumference is a measurement of the distance around the smallest part of the abdomen,
located at the midway between the lowest rib and the tip of the hip bone or iliac crest
(Averkamp, 2015).
Waist is the narrowest portion of the trunk of the body.
Waist-Hip Ratio is a simple method for describing the distribution of both subcutaneous and intra-
abdominal adipose tissue. It is computed using the waist and hip measurements of subjects
aged 10 years and above using a tape measure taken over one layer of light clothing.
Measurements for both waist and hip are recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm.
Wasted/Thin, based on weight-for-height index, is a condition wherein children have weight below
the standard for child’s height; sensitive index of current nutritional status.
Weight refers to the total or exact amount of heaviness of an individual, mainly made up of muscles,
fat, bone, and internal organs with the addition in pathological circumstances of edema,
ascites, massive organ enlargement and even the helminthes burden in severe ascariasis.
Measured using a calibrated Double window digital weighing scale, recorded to the nearest
0.01 kg.
vi Food and Nutrition Research Institute

LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.

1 Target age/physiological groups for the specific anthropometric measurements 4
2 Anthropometry: Eligibility and Response Rates 5
3 Age groups of the WHO-Child Growth Standards for infants and young children (0 9
to 60 months) and WHO Growth Reference 2007 for school-age children and
adolescents (61 to 228 months) by index
4 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 9

to 120 months), based on WHO-CGS
5 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children 0 to 5 years old (0 to 10

60 months), based on BMI-for-age (WHO-CGS)
6 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 5.08 to 19.0 years 10
old (61 to 228 months), based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age
7 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight and 10

stunted children under five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem
(WHO, 1995)
8 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of wasted children 10

under five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
9 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of adults and lactating mothers, 11
19.0 years old and over (≥228 months), based on Body Mass Index (NCHS/WHO,
1978)
10 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight (BMI 11

<18.5) for adults, 19.0 years old and over (≥228 months), as public health problem
(WHO, 1995)
11 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of pregnant women based on 11

weight-for-height (Magbitang, et.al., 1988)
12 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers, <19.08 11

years old, based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age
13 Cut-off points of waist circumference and waist hip ratio for adults, 20.0 years and 12
over (240 months old and over)
14 Mean weight and height of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by 13
age group and sex: Philippines, 2015
age group and sex, in urban areas: Philippines, 2015
age group and sex, in rural areas: Philippines, 2015
17 Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months) by weight- 17
for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by sex,
age group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,747)
Food and Nutrition Research Institute vii


18 Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months) by height- 18
19 Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by weight- 19
for-height classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by sex,
20 Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by BMI- 20
for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place
of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,615)
22 Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by height- 22
of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,454)
for-height classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by
place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,454)
24 Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by BMI- 23
of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,444)
25 Mean weight and height of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by 28
age and sex: Philippines, 2015
age and sex, in urban areas: Philippines, 2015
age and sex, in rural areas: Philippines, 2015
28 Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by 30
weight-for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth
Reference, and by sex, age group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 20, 171)
height-for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth
Reference, and by sex, age group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 20,152)
30 Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by BMI- 33
for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by sex, age group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 20,150)
weight-for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth
Reference, and by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n =
20,012)
19,997)
viii Food and Nutrition Research Institute


33 Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by BMI- 37
for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference,
and by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 19,995)
34 Mean (SE) weight and height of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 to 120 months), by 40
age group and sex: Philippines, 2015
35 Mean weight and height of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 to 120 months): 40

Philippines, 2008-2015
36 Mean weight and height of children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months), 42
by age and sex: Philippines, 2015
by age and sex, in urban areas: Philippines, 2015
by age and sex, in rural areas: Philippines, 2015
BMI-for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth
32,820)
BMI-for-age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth
32,817)
43 Mean and median BMI and percent distribution of BMI among adults, 20.0 years 53
old and over, by sex, age group, and region using WHO BMI Classification:
Philippines, 2015 (n = 82,821)
44 Percent distribution, mean, and median BMI among adults, 20.0 years old and over, 54
by place of residence and wealth quintile using WHO BMI Classification:
45 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adults, 58

20.0 years old and over, by sex and age group: Philippines, 2015 (n = 83,057)
46 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adult 59

males, 20.0 years old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region:
47 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adult 60

females, 20.0 years old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region:
48 Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percent distribution of WHR among adults, 20.0 61
years old and over, by sex and age group: Philippines, 2015 (n = 83,050)
Food and Nutrition Research Institute ix


49 Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percent distribution of WHR among adult males, 63
20.0 years old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region:
50 Mean waist-hip ratio and percent distribution of WHR among adult females, 20.0 64
years old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines,
2015 (n = 42,195)
51 Percent distribution of pregnant women, by age group, months of pregnancy, and 66

region using weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 1,491)
52 Percent distribution of pregnant women by nutritional status using weight-for- 67

height classification, by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015
(n = 1,491)
53 Percent distribution of lactating women, by age group and by region using weight- 69
for-height classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 4,005)
54 Percent distribution of lactating women, by place of residence and wealth quintile, 70

using weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 3, 982)
55 Mean birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months), by sex and 71
source of birth record: Philippines, 2015 (n = 13,070)
56 Proportion of low birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months), 71
by sex and source of birth record: Philippines, 2015 (n = 13,070)
57 Proportion of low birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months) 72
by Mothers’ Age Group and Education: Philippines, 2015
58 Proportion of low birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months), 73
by place of residence, wealth quintile and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 13,070)
x Food and Nutrition Research Institute

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page No.

1 Measuring the weight of a child (left) and a young child (right) using a digital 5
weighing scale
2 Measuring the height using a stadiometer (left) and an infantometer (right) 6
3 Measuring waist circumference 6
4 Measuring hip circumference 7
5 Anthropometric Equipment 7
6 Prevalence of underweight among children less then 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), 15
by age and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
7 Prevalence of stunting among children less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by 15
age and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
8 Prevalence of wasting among children less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age 16
and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
9 Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting among children, less than 5.0 years 24
old (0 to 59 months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015
10 Prevalence of underweight among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), 25
by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
11 Prevalence of stunting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by 25
region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
12 Prevalence of wasting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by 25
13 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 26

months), by age and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

months), by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015
16 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 27
59 months), using WHO-CGS: Philippines, 1989-2015
17 Prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 31
months), by single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
18 Prevalence of stunting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by 31
single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
19 Prevalence of wasting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), 34
using BMI-for-age by single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
20 Prevalence of overweight/obesity among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 34
months), using BMI-for-age by single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and
2015
Food and Nutrition Research Institute xi


21 Prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, and overweight/obesity among 35
children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by place of residence and wealth
quintile: Philippines, 2015
22 Prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 37
23 Prevalence of stunting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by 38
using BMI-for-age, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
months), using BMI-for-age, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
26 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 39
120 months): Philippines, 2003-2015
27 Prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0 to 10 years old, by single age group: 41

Philippines, 2015
28 Prevalence of stunting among children 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months), 45
by age group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
29 Prevalence of stunting among children 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months), 45
by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015
30 Prevalence of stunting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months), 46
using BMI-for-age, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
using BMI-for-age, by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015
months), using BMI-for-age, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and
2015
months), using BMI-for-age, by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines,
2015
37 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 50
to 228 months): Philippines, 2003-2015
38 Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, using WHO-BMI 51
classification by age group and sex: Philippines, 2013, and 2015
xii Food and Nutrition Research Institute


39 Prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults, 20.0 years old and over, using WHO 52
BMI classification, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
40 Prevalence of CED and overweight/obesity among adults 20.0 years old and over, 54
based on WHO BMI classification, by place of residence and wealth quintile:
Philippines, 2015
41 Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO BMI 55
classification, and by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
42 Prevalence of overweight/obesity among, adults 20.0 years old and over, based on 55
WHO BMI classification, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
43 Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among adults, 20.0 year-old and over: 56
44 Trends in the prevalence of high WC among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex: 57
45 Prevalence of high WC among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO 58
classification, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
46 Mean waist circumference among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex and region: 58
Philippines, 2015
47 Trends in the prevalence of high WHR among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex: 61
48 Prevalence of high WHR among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO 62
49 Mean waist-hip ratio among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex and region: 62
Philippines, 2015
50 Proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by age group: Philippines, 2011, 65

2013, and 2015
51 Proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by region: Philippines, 2013 and 66

2015
52 Trends in the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women based on weight-for- 67

height: Philippines, 1998-2015
53 Prevalence of CED and overweight/obesity among lactating women based on BMI 68

and WHO Growth Reference, by age group: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
54 Prevalence of CED among lactating women based on BMI and WHO Growth 68
Reference, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
55 Prevalence overweight/obesity among lactating women based on BMI and WHO 70

Growth Reference, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
56 Trends in the prevalence of low birth weight among young children, 0 to 3.9 years old 73
(0 to 47 months): Philippines, 2008-2015
Food and Nutrition Research Institute xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Title Page No.
No.
1 Proportion of underweight among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 76
months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
and coefficient of variation, by region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n =
16,747)
2 Differences of the proportion of underweight among children, less than 5.0 years 78
old (0 to 59 months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
3 Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 79

59 months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
16,584)
4 Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, less than 81

5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013 and
2015
5 Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 82

months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-height, standard error, confidence interval,
16,584)
6 Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, less than 0 to 84

5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013 and
2015
7 Differences of the proportion of overweight-for-height among children, less than 85
0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013
and 2015
8 Percent distribution of children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months) by weight-for- 86

age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by sex, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 17,186)
9 Percent distribution of children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months) by height-for- 87

age classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by sex, age
10 Percent distribution of children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months), by weight- 88

for-height classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by
sex, age group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 17,023)
11 Proportion of underweight among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months), 89

using WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
coefficient of variation, by region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n = 17,186)
12 Differences of the proportion of underweight among children, 0 to 5.0 years old 91

(0 to 60 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods:
Philippines, 2011, 2013 and 2015
13 Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 92

months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
17,023)
xiv Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Appendix
Title Page No.
No.
14 Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 0 to 5.0 94
years old (0 to 60 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods:
15 Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 95

months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-height, standard error, confidence interval,
17,023)
16 Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 0 to 5.0 years 97

old (0 to 60 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods:
17 Differences of the proportion of overweight-for-height among children, 0 to 5.0 98

years old (0 to 60 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods:
18 Proportion of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 99
months), using WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval,
20,171)
19 Differences of the proportion of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years 101
old (61 to 120 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods:
20 Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 102
120 months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence
interval, and coefficient of variation, by region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n
= 20,152)
21 Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 5.08 to 104

10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey
periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and 2015
22 Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 105
months), using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error, confidence
= 20,150)
23 Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 107
years old (61 to 120 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey
24 Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese among children, 5.08 to 108
25 Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 109
to 228 months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence
= 33,086)
26 Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 10 to 19 111

Food and Nutrition Research Institute xv

Appendix
Title Page No.
No.
27 Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 112
228 months), using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error,
confidence interval, and coefficient of variation, by region and province:
28 Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 114

29 Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese among children, 10.08 to 115
30 Percent distribution of BMI among adults, 18.0 years old and over, using WHO 116
BMI classification, by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 87,750)
31 Proportion of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adults, 20 years old and 117
over, using Body Mass Index, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient
of variation, by region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n = 82,821)
32 Differences of the proportion of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adults, 119
18.0 years old and above, by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods:
33 Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese among adults, 18.0 years 120
old and above, by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2011, 2013 and 2015
34 Differences of the proportion of high waist circumference among adults, 20 years 121
old and above, by age and sex, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011,
2013 and 2015
35 Differences of the proportion of high waist-hip ratio among adults, 20 years old 121
and above, by age and sex, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013
and 2015
36 Proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant women, using weight-for- 122

height, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation, by region:
37 Differences of the proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant women, 122

using weight-for-height, by age and region, among three survey periods:
38 Proportion of underweight among lactating mothers, using Body Mass Index, 123
standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation, by region:
Philippines, 2015 (n = 4, 005)
39 Differences of the proportion of underweight lactating mothers using Body Mass 123
Index, by age and by region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011,
2013 and 2015
40 Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese lactating mothers using 124
Body Mass Index, by age and by region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2011, 2013 and 2015
xvi Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Appendix
Title Page No.
No.
41 Differences of the proportion of low birth weight among young children, 0 to 3.9 124
years old (0 to 47 months) by sex and region, among three survey periods:
42 Questionnaires 125
Food and Nutrition Research Institute xvii

xviii Food and Nutrition Research Institute

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Based on the results of the survey, undernutrition among children less than five years old (0 to
59 months) remains a public health problem. For the past 25 years, annual reduction in prevalence
rates of underweight and stunting were recorded at an average of 0.44 and 0.23 percentage point,
respectively. Wasting exhibited a 0.9 percentage point increase between 2013 and 2015. Similarly,
overweight and obesity increased to almost threefold between 1990 to 2015.
Significant increase in the prevalence of underweight (21.5%) and underheight/stunting

(33.4%) was observed in 2015 relative to 2013 baseline (20.0% and 30.3%, respectively), indicating
consistently high magnitude and severity. Meanwhile, the current wasting/thinness (7.1%) situation
was assessed as poor based on the WHO cut-offs for public health significance. Survey results also
showed that in the first year of life, males are more likely to be underweight (24.5%) and underheight
(40.7%); however, by the third year of life, females were noted to be more underweight (25.6%) and
stunted (40.3%). Wasting/thinness prevalence was observed to be highest among males 6 to 11
months (13.5%) and females 0 to 5 months (12.2%). Generally, underweight, stunting and wasting
was observed to be high among those residing in rural areas (24.5%, 38.1%, and 7.2%, respectively)
and those belonging to the poorest quintiles (31.9%, 49.7% and 8.1%, respectively). Among regions,
MIMAROPA recorded the highest prevalence of underweight (31.8%) and wasting (9.7%), as well as
with very high magnitude and severity of chronic malnutrition (40.9%). Eastern Visayas posted the
second highest prevalence of undernutrition with prevalences of underweight at 29.5%, stunting at
41.7%, and wasting at 8.4%. Meanwhile, ARMM continued to suffer from chronic malnutrition
(45.2%) while Bicol region also registered high rates of undernutrition with underweight at 28.4%,
stunting at 40.2%, and wasting at 8.2%.
Among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), underweight and underheight
prevalence recorded an annual increase of 2.1 and 1.2 percentage points, respectively, while wasting
and overnutrition decreased by 0.2 and 0.5 percentage point, respectively between 2013 and 2015.
Undernutrition was prevalent with very high magnitude and severity of underweight (31.2%) and
stunting (31.1%). Wasting/thinness (8.4%) situation was rated poor based on the WHO cut-offs for
public health significance. Males were more at risk of wasting/thinness than their female counterparts,
with children aged nine to 10 years generally having the highest prevalence of malnutrition. Similar to
the younger age group, underweight (35.6%) and stunting (36.6%) were more predominant in rural
areas and among those belonging to the poorest quintiles, 44.6% and 49.0%, respectively. Among
regions, MIMAROPA, Eastrern Visayas, and Bicol had the highest rates of undernutrition, while
ARMM had the highest prevalence of stunting (44.0%).
Adolescent children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months) were found to suffer from
double burden of malnutrition, with stunting (31.9%) maintaining high magnitude and severity,
wasting (12.5%) persisting as a serious public health concern, and overweight/obesity significantly
increasing from 8.3% in 2013 to 9.2% in 2015. Stunting (33.3%), wasting (15.1%) and
overweight/obesity (9.4%) were more prevalent among males than females. Similarly, stunting
(36.1%) and wasting (12.1%) were more prevalent in rural areas and among those in the poorest
quintiles (13.5% and 49.4%, respectively). Overnutrition was higher among the richest quintile
(21.1%) and among those residing in urban areas (12.4%). Chronic malnutrition among adolescents
was high in Visayas and Mindanao, especially in ARMM (44.9%), Eastern Visayas (42.3%), and
SOCCSKSARGEN (41.1%). Wasting was prevalent in Bicol (15.7%), Western Visayas (15.0%), and
MIMAROPA (14.0%). Meanwhile, obesity had become more prevalent in NCR (16.1%), Central
Food and Nutrition Research Institute 1

Luzon (12.7%), and CALABARZON (11.8%) than the rest of the regions. Over the past decade,
stunting decreased at an annual average of 0.34 percentage point, while wasting and overweight
increased at an average of 0.50 and 1.55 percentage points annually.
Among adults, 20 years old and over, Chronic Energy Deficiency (10.3%) had an annual
average decrease of 0.17 percentage point from 2003 to 2015. Meanwhile overweight and obesity
increased at an annual average of 0.59 percentage point since 2003. The double burden of
malnutrition was more evident among females, with CED rates at 10.5% and overweight/obesity rates
at 35.2%. CED was highest among elderly adults 70 years old and above (23.1%), followed by
younger adults aged 20 to 29.99 years old (13.6%), while overweight and obesity rates increased with
and peaked at age 40 to 59.99 years old. CED was highest in rural areas (11.0%), among the poorest
(14.9%), and in Western Visayas (14.0%), MIMAROPA (13.3%), and Ilocos region (11.9%). In
contrast, overweight/obesity was found to be prevalent in urban areas (35.7%), among the richest
(43.7%), and in NCR (37.7%), CAR (35.4%), and Davao (34.7%).
Obesity measures among female adults, who were more at-risk, include waist circumference
and waist to hip ratio. Results show a significant decrease between 2013 and 2015 at annual average
of 2.3 and 2.7 percentage points, respectively.
The prevalence of pregnant women who are nutritionally at-risk (24.7%) remained high
despite a slight decrease from 2013 (24.8%), with pregnant teenage females more likely to be at-risk
at 39.7%. The prevalence of CED among lactating mothers slightly increased from 12.5% in 2013 to
13.6% in 2015. Similarly, overweight/obesity rates increased from 21.7% to 22.4% between 2013 and
2015.
Among infants and young children, 0 to 71 months old, mean birth weight was computed at
3,001.8 grams. Prevalence of children with low birth weight was 14.0%, with females having slightly
higher rates (14.9%) than males (13.2%). Caraga (17.0%), MIMAROPA (16.4%), and Western
Visayas (16.3%) were observed to have high LBW rates among regions. Furthermore, the trend in the
prevalence of low birth weight among children, 0 to 47 months old, manifested an increase from
11.5% in 2013 to 14.4% in 2015 at annual average increase of 1.45 percentage points.
Across population groups, the double burden of malnutrition was found to be prevalent,
particularly among children, as prevalence of chronic malnutrition was observed to be increasing
while the trend of acute malnutrition remained unchanged. Also, overnutrition, as observed in the
present data, may pose the risk of developing co-morbidities and non-communicable diseases,
especially among adults.
2 Food and Nutrition Research Institute

1. INTRODUCTION
The Anthropometric Component of the 2015 Updating of Nutritional Status of Filipino

Children and Other Population Groups Survey covered the nutritional assessment of all members of
sample household using weight and height or length (for infants and children below two years old)
measurements, waist circumferences and waist-hip ratios, and mid-upper arm circumference. These
measurements were used to determine the prevalence of underweight, stunting or underheight,
thinness or wasting, overweight and obesity across age groups, and the prevalence of nutritionally at-
risk pregnant women among the Filipino population. Low birth weight were also assessed among
infants, 0 to 71 months old.
The Anthropometric Survey reported on the nutritional status of Filipinos according to

national estimates, disaggregating the results according to age, sex, place of residence, wealth
quintile, and region. Moreover, the 2015 Updating Survey has provided the result for the country’s
end-line progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goal target of halving the
proportion of underweight preschool children. Anthropometric data from the National Nutrition
Surveys of the Department of Science and Technology - Food and Nutrition Research Institute
(DOST-FNRI) from 1989 until 2015 were utilized to track past and present trends.
Results showed a slow decline in the prevalence of underweight from 1989 to 2015, with a
lower annual average reduction of 0.23 percentage point compared to the targeted annual average
reduction of 0.55 percentage point to achieve the target. The prevalence significantly increased by 1.5
percentage points between 2013 (20.0%) and 2015 (21.5%), indicating that undernutrition continues
to be a public health problem affecting children under five years.
Results of the survey shall be employed as baseline data for the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs), which are set to be achieved by 2030. The SDG targets include ending all forms of
malnutrition, which entails achieving the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting among
children under five years of age by 2025 and addressing the nutritional needs of adolescent Females,
pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly.
The nutritional status of Filipinos, including pregnant and lactating women, was assessed to
serve as data for the identification of factors affecting the nutrition situation, which would enable
planners from different agencies to prioritize nutrition intervention, specifically for those with urgent
needs.
The Anthropometric Survey Component covered a total of 42,310 households and household
members were included in the survey. Out of total 161,577 individuals, 17,202 were preschool-age
children (0 to 60 months), 20,173 were school-age children (61 to 120 months), 33,120 were pre-
adolescents/adolescents (121 to 228 months), and 85,579 were adults (19 years old and above).
Pregnant and lactating women totaled 1,493 and 4,010, respectively.

2. METHODOLOGY
2.1. Sampling Design
The Updating Survey used the Master Sample, wherein four replicates were utilized from the
2015 Labor Force Survey List of Households. A stratified multi-stage sampling was employed
covering all regions and provinces of the country. The first stage involved the selection of Primary
Sampling Units (PSUs), which consisted of a barangay or contiguous barangays with at least 500
households. This was followed by the selection of Enumeration Areas (EAs) composed of a barangay
with 150-200 households. The last stage involved the selection of households from the EA, which
served as the ultimate sampling units.
A total of 42,310 sample households were randomly selected for the survey, which started
from July 25 to November 25, 2015.
2.2. Scope and Coverage
Seventeen regions, consisting 80 provinces including NCR and excluding Batanes, were
covered by the survey. For the Anthropometric Survey Component, a total of 42,310 sample
households were covered. All members of sample households were subjected for weight and height
measurements, with the exception of those with physical disabilities that may have a bearing on the
physical measurements (e.g., polio, broken leg, etc.). Pregnant women were excluded from the waist
and hip measurements because of their physiological condition, which may over estimate obesity.
Table 1 summarizes the target age/physiological groups for the specific measurements.
Table 1. Target age/physiological groups for the specific anthropometric measurements
AGE/ PHYSIOLOGICAL GROUPS

<2y 2 to <5y >5 to <6y >6 to <10y 10 to 18y
MEASUREMENTS Pregnant Lactating
(0-23 (24-60 (61-71 (72-119 (120-216 19 to 20y &
Women Mothers
mos) mos) mos) mos) mos) <20 y over
Weight         
Recumbent Length 
Height        
Waist*
   
circumference
Hip* circumference    
Mid-Upper Arm
 (4-60 mos)  
circumference
*Pregnant women were not measured for waist and hip circumferences because of their physiological condition, which may over estimate
obesity.
Out of all the members of the 2,310 sample households covered, 17,202 were preschool-age
children (0 to 5.0 years or 0 to 60 months), 20,173 were school-age children (5.08 to 10.0 years or 61
to 120 months), 33,120 were pre-adolescents/adolescents (10.08 to 19.0 years or 121 to 228 months),
and 85,579 were adults (19.1 years and over or 229 months and over). These also included 1,493
pregnant women and 4,010 lactating mothers. Table 2 shows the eligibility and response rates for the
survey.

In understanding the results of this component, it is important to note that there were
instances during data collection wherein not all variables were completely taken from the respondent,
for reasons such as the child was too irritable for measurement to be made, the member refused to be
measured, or height was not taken due to disability (e.g., polio, hunchback). Hence, there were
differences that will be observed in the number of population (n) between the number of sampled
individuals in the succeeding tables as against Table 2.
Table 2. Anthropometry: Eligibility and Response Rates
%
Variables Eligible Response
Response
Age/Physiological Groups
0-60 mos (0-5.0 y.o) 18,641 17,202 92.3%
61-120 mos (5.08-10.0 y.o.) 21,880 20,173 92.2%
121-215 mos (10.08-19.0 y.o.) 39,785 33,120 83.2%
19.1-19.9 years old 2,932 2,086 71.1%
20.0-59.9 years old 73, 547 66,880 90.9%
60.0 years old and above 18,874 16,613 88.0%
Pregnant 1,585 1,493 94.2%
Lactating 4,137 4,010 96.9%
TOTAL 181,384 161,577 89.1%
2.3. Survey Methods
1. Measurements
Weight was measured using a digital weighing scale. New equipment were used to minimize
human error in data collection. Following standard procedures, two measurements were
obtained and recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg, with a third measurement taken if the difference
between the two measurements was greater than 0.3 kg.
A 2-in-1 function key enabled the determination of the body weight of infants and restless
young children. The mother or caregiver was weighed first without the child and then the
digital weighing scale was tared by pressing the function key to display the weight of the
child.
Figure 1. Measuring the weight of a subject (left) and a young child (right) using a digital weighing scale.

Standing height was obtained using a stadiometer for subjects two years old and above. A
medical plastic infantometer was used to measure the length of infants and those who cannot
stand without assistance. Height and length measurements were then recorded to the nearest
0.1 cm following standard procedures. Two measurements were obtained, with a third
measurement taken if there were measurements with greater than 0.5 cm difference.
Figure 2. Measuring the height using a stadiometer (left) and an infantometer (right)
Waist circumference was measured as the perimeter or distance around the natural waist
(midway between the lowest rib and the tip of the hip bone or iliac crest) or the distance
around the narrowest portion of the trunk. The tape measure was placed at the midpoint and
the respondent was asked to breathe normally, with the measurement taken at the end of
normal expiration.
Figure 3. Measuring waist circumference
Hip Circumference was measured as the distance around the largest area of the hips, usually
the largest part of the buttocks or the greater trochanter. If the largest area of the buttocks was
not prominent, the hip was determined by measuring four (4) inches from the iliac crest.

Figure 4. Measuring hip circumference
Waist-Hip ratio, meanwhile, was calculated by dividing the waist circumference with the hip
circumference.
Two measurements were obtained for both waist and hip circumferences and recorded to the
nearest 0.2 cm. A third measurement was done if the first and second measurements have
greater than 0.5 cm difference. Figure 5 shows the equipment used in data collection.
Digital weighing scale
Tape measure
Stadiometer
Medical Plastic Infantometer
Figure 5. Anthropometric Equipment

2. Instrument Calibration
New equipment were purchased and used for ease of data collection and to ensure accuracy of
measurements. Digital weighing scales were adjusted in the field using five-kilo test weights.
Meanwhile, the stadiometer, medical plastic infantometer, and tape measure were calibrated
using standard procedures.
3. Birth weight
Birth weight was obtained from the available birth records the subject child/schildren. If no
record was available, the mother or caretaker of the child was asked to recall the weight of the
newborn obtained within an hour after birth. Weight in grams was recorded and encoded in
the e-DCS.
2.4. Survey Questionnaire
A two-page questionnaire/form was used to record the measurement data of each household.
Disability, if any, was also noted (See Appendix 42).
2.5. Ethical Review
The FNRI Institutional Ethics Review Committee (FNRI-IERC) approved the project titled,
“2015 Updating of Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups” on July 20,
2015.
A written consent translated into different local languages (Tagalog, Ilokano, Waray, Ilonggo)
was used for respondents prior to the conduct of any interview and other data collection. The
Informed Consent Form explained the background and objectives of the survey, the data collection
procedures, the risks (any undesirable effect that may result or invasion circumstances, e.g., expected
duration of the interview with respondent) and benefits of participation, confidentiality of
information, option to withdraw without penalty or consequences, and the respondent’s written
consent.
2.6. PSA Review and Approval
The Philippine Statistics Authority also granted clearance for the “2015 Updating of
Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups” on July 15, 2015 (See 2015
Updating Survey Overview Monograph).
2.7. Data Processing and Analysis
Data were organized and processed following prepared dummy tables using STATA version
12. Different indices were used to evaluate the nutritional status of different age groups and
physiological statuses. The World Health Organization-Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS) and
WHO Growth Reference 2007 were used to assess the nutritional status of children. The
anthropometric indices are shown below.

Table 3. Age groups of the WHO-Child Growth Standards for infants and young children (0 to 60
months) and WHO Growth Reference 2007 for school-aged children and adolescents (61 to 228
months) by index
WHO Child Growth

Indicators WHO Growth Reference 2007
Standards
Weight-for-age 0-60 months (0-5.0y) 61-120 months (5 y & 1mo-10.0y)
Length/Height-for-age 0-60 months (0-5.0y) 61-228 months (5y & 1mo-19.0y)
Weight-for-length/height 0-60 months (0-5.0y) None
BMI-for age 0-60 months (0-5.0y) 61-228 months (5y & 1mo-19.0y)
For infants and young children, the 0- to 59-month age range was used and presented in line
with the MDGs. For comparison with previous surveys, results for children 0 to 60 months were also
processed and presented in Appendices 8-17.
The 2015 Updating Survey used the definition of adults as being 20 years old and above for
comparison and to track trends against past nutrition surveys. Nonetheless, data for adults 18 years old
and above were also processed (See Appendix 30, 32, 33).
Tables 4 and 5 show the assessment criteria for weight and height measurements of children 0
to 19.0 years old (0 to 228 months) based on the WHO-CGS.
Table 4. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 to 120
months), based on WHO-CGS
Indicator/Nutritional Status Cut-off Points

Weight-for-age
Underweight <-2SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Overweight/Above normal >+2SD
Length/Height-for-age*
Underheight/Stunting <-2SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Above average/tall >+2SD
Weight-for-length/height**
Thin/Wasting <-2SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Overweight >+2SD
NEC ***
*Used only for children 10 years & 1 month to 19.0 y (121-228 months)
**Used only for children 0-5 years (0-60 months)
***NEC Not Elsewhere Classified – those whose heights are beyond the limits of the
weight-for-height tables

Table 5. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0 to 5 years old (0 to 60 months),
based on BMI-for-age (WHO-CGS)
Nutritional Status Cut-off Points

Severe thinness <-3SD
Thinness <-2SD to -3SD
Normal -2SD to +2SD
Overweight >+2SD to +3SD
Obesity >+3SD
Meanwhile, the assessment criteria used for children, 5.08 to 19.0 years old (61 to 228
months), based on WHO-CGS are shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 5.08 to 19.0 years old (61 to 228
months), based on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age

Normal -2SD to +1SD
2
Overweight >+1SD (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m at 19 yrs)
2
Obesity >+2SD (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m at 19 yrs)
The cut-off points for the magnitude and severity of underweight, stunting, and wasting for
children under five years old are presented in Tables 7 and 8.
Table 7. Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight and stunted children
under-five years old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude and Prevalence Group for Prevalence Group

Severity Underweight for Stunting
Low <10% <20%
Medium 10-19% 20-29%
High 20-29% 30-39%
Very High ≥30% ≥40%
Table 8. Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of wasted children under-five years
old (0 to <60 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Magnitude and Severity Prevalence Group for Wasting
Acceptable <5%
Poor 5-9%
Serious 10-14%
Critical ≥15%

The NCHS/WHO 1978 reference was used for BMI classification of adults and lactating
mothers. The cut-off points for determining the magnitude and severity of underweight prevalence are
shown in Tables 9, 10, and 12.
Table 9. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of adults and lactating mothers, 19.0 years
old and over (≥228 months), based on Body Mass Index (NCHS/WHO, 1978)
Classification Cut-off Points

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) <18.5
Normal 18.5 to 24.99
Overweight 25.0 to 29.99
Obesity ≥30.0
Table 10. Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight (BMI <18.5) for
adults, 19.0 years old and over (≥228 months), as public health problem (WHO, 1995)
Prevalence Group for

Magnitude and Severity
Underweight
Low 5-9%
Medium 10-19%
High 20-39%
Very high ≥40%
For pregnant women, the Philippine reference (Magbitang, et al., 1988) was used as criteria as
shown in Table 11.
Table 11. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of pregnant women based on weight-for-
height (Magbitang, et.al., 1988)
Classification Cut-off Points

Nutritionally at-risk <P95
Not Nutritionally at-risk ≥P95
Table 12. Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers, <19.08 years old, based
on the 2007 WHO Growth Reference BMI-for-age

Normal -2SD to +1SD
Overweight >+1SD (equivalent to BMI 25 kg/m2)
Obesity >+2SD (equivalent to BMI 30 kg/m2)

Meanwhile, the WHO classification was used in assessing waist and hip circumferences for
household members, 20 years old and above, as shown in Table 13.
Table 13. Cut-off points of waist circumference and waist hip ratio for adults, 20.0 years and over (240
months old and over)
Classification Waist Circumference Waist to Hip Ratio
Male Low <90 <0.90

Borderline 90-101 0.90-0.99
High ≥102 ≥1.0
Female Low <80 <0.80
Borderline 80-87 0.80-0.84
High ≥88 ≥0.85

3. RESULTS
3.1. Nutritional Status of Preschool-Age Children, 0 to 4.99 years old (0 to 59 months)
The MDG Target
Underweight prevalence among children under five years old (0 to 59 months) increased from
20.0% in 2013 to 21.5% in 2015, indicating that the target 6.4 percentage points decrease as
prescribed by the Millennium Development Goals was not achieved.
Underweight and stunting rates both increased from the 2013 baseline by 1.5 and 3.1
percentage points, respectively. The proportion of underweight children significantly increased from
20.0% in 2013 to 21.5% in 2015, while stunting significantly increased from 30.3% to 33.4% (Figures
6-7). On a positive note, the prevalence of wasting declined from 8.0% in 2013 to 7.1% in 2015,
respectively (Figure 8).
Table 14. Mean weight and height of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age group and
sex: Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL

Age
(months) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE)
Weight (kg) Height (cm) Weight (kg) Height (cm) Weight (kg) Height (cm)
0-5m 5.8 (0.06) 59.5 (0.27) 5.4 (0.06) 58.7 (0.24) 5.6 (0.04) 59.1 (0.18)
6-11m 8.1 (0.05) 69.8 (0.16) 7.5 (0.05) 68.3 (0.19) 7.8 (0.03) 69.1 (0.13)
12-23m 9.8 (0.05) 77.9 (0.17) 9.2 (0.05) 76.5 (0.16) 9.5 (0.03) 77.2 (0.12)
24-35m 11.8 (0.05) 86.1 (0.15) 11.2 (0.06) 84.7 (0.16) 11.5 (0.04) 85.4 (0.12)
36-47m 13.5 (0.06) 93.5 (0.15) 12.9 (0.05) 92.2 (0.16) 13.2 (0.04) 92.9 (0.11)
48-59m 15.1 (0.07) 99.7 (0.14) 14.5 (0.08) 98.7 (0.16) 14.8 (0.05) 99.2 (0.11)
All 11.7 (0.04) 85.6 (0.16) 11.1 (0.04) 84.0 (0.16) 11.4 (0.03) 84.8 (0.11)
The mean weights and heights of children less than 5 years old are presented in Table 14. It
can be observed that the mean weights and heights of children, 0 to 4.99 years old, increased with age,
as expected, with males having higher mean weights and heights than females. Meanwhile, the mean
weights and heights of children from urban areas were slightly higher compared to their rural
counterparts. Males were also heavier and taller than females (Tables 15-16).

sex, in urban areas: Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL

Age
(months) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean(+SE)
Weight (kg) Height (cm) Weight (kg) Height (cm) Weight (kg) Height(cm)
0-5m 5.7 (0.1) 58.8 (0.4) 5.4 (0.1) 58.7 (0.4) 5.5 (0.1) 58.7 (0.3)
6-11m 8.2 (0.1) 70.1 (0.2) 7.7 (0.1) 68.4 (0.3) 7.9 (0.0) 69.3 (0.2)
12-23m 10.0 (0.1) 78.4 (0.3) 9.3 (0.1) 77.0 (0.3) 9.7 (0.1) 77.7 (0.2)
24-35m 12.1 (0.1) 87.1 (0.2) 11.6 (0.1) 85.6 (0.2) 11.9 (0.1) 86.4 (0.2)
36-47m 13.9 (0.1) 94.4 (0.2) 13.2 (0.1) 93.1 (0.2) 13.6 (0.1) 93.8 (0.2)
48-59m 15.5 (0.1) 100.3 (0.2) 15.0 (0.1) 99.9 (0.2) 15.2 (0.1) 100.2 (0.2)
All 11.9 (0.1) 85.9 (0.3) 11.3 (0.1) 84.5 (0.3) 11.6 (0.0) 85.2 (0.2)
by sex, in rural areas: Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL

Age
0-5m 5.9 (0.1) 60.2 (0.3) 5.4 (0.1) 58.6 (0.3) 5.6 (0.1) 59.4 (0.2)
6-11m 8.0 (0.1) 69.5 (0.2) 7.4 (0.1) 68.2 (0.2) 7.7 (0.0) 68.9 (0.2)
12-23m 9.6 (0.1) 77.5 (0.2) 9.0 (0.1) 75.9 (0.2) 9.3 (0.0) 76.7 (0.1)
24-35m 11.5 (0.1) 85.3 (0.2) 10.8 (0.1) 83.9(0.2) 11.2 (0.0) 84.6 (0.2)
36-47m 13.2 (0.1) 92.7 (0.2) 12.6 (0.1) 91.4 (0.2) 12.9 (0.0) 92.1 (0.1)
48-59m 14.8 (0.1) 99.1 (0.2) 14.2 (0.1) 97.7 (0.2) 14.5 (0.1) 98.4 (0.1)
All 11.5 (0.1) 85.2 (0.2) 10.9 (0.0) 83.6 (0.2) 11.2 (0.0) 84.5 (0.1)

ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 6. Prevalence of underweight among children less then 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age and
sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
ALL
Prevalence %
MALE Age in years FEMALE
Figure 7. Prevalence of stunting among children less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age and sex:
Philippines, 2013 and 2015

By single age, an increase in stunting prevalence was observed among children, 6-11 months
old. Stunted children in the first to second year of life (12 to 23 months old) manifested the sharpest
increase (18.9 percentage points higher than those of the 6- to 11-month-old children) (Figure 7 &
Table 18). Generally, underweight and stunting prevalences among children, 0 to 5 months old, have
decreased between 2013 and 2015, although no similar trend was observed among older children, as
undernutrition markedly increased with age (Figures 6-7 & Tables 17-18).
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 8. Prevalence of wasting among children less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by age and sex:
Undernutrition generally increased across regions between 2013 and 2015. For underweight
prevalence, a general increasing trend was observed in all regions except Ilocos Region (21.2% vs.
19.0%), Cagayan Valley (20.5% vs. 20.1%), Central Luzon (17.8% vs. 16.6%), Central Visayas
(23.1% vs. 22.8%), and Zamboanga Peninsula (24.4% vs. 21.2%) (Figure 10). For stunting, most
regions posted increasing prevalences between 2013 and 2015 except for Central Luzon (23.2% vs.
23.1%), Bicol (40.2% vs. 40.2%), and Zamboanga Peninsula (39.1% vs. 38.0%) (Figure 11).

Table 17. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by weight-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by sex, age group, and
region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,747)
Weight-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately
Under- Above
Under- Under- Normal
Disaggregation/ Variable weight* Normal Mean z- Median
weight weight
scores z-scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 4.8 16.7 21.5 76.5 2.0 -1.08 -1.17
0-5 m 3.1 6.1 9.2 88.8 2.0 -0.54 -0.51
6-11 m 3.7 13.3 17.0 81.5 1.5 -0.87 -0.88
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.8 16.0 20.8 77.4 1.7 -1.04 -1.09
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 5.1 17.5 22.6 75.0 2.4 -1.11 -1.22
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.3 19.1 24.4 73.7 1.9 -1.22 -1.30
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 5.0 19.8 24.7 73.3 2.0 -1.26 -1.37
Male 4.6 17.0 21.6 76.4 2.0 -1.07 -1.17
0-5 m 2.7 6.7 9.3 88.9 1.8 -0.53 -0.47
6-11 m 5.7 14.9 20.6 78.2 1.2 -0.98 -0.95
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 5.0 19.6 24.5 73.7 1.8 -1.10 -1.19
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 4.2 17.1 21.3 76.6 2.1 -1.11 -1.23
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.1 18.2 23.3 74.1 2.5 -1.15 -1.23
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 4.3 18.4 22.7 75.3 2.1 -1.19 -1.31
Female 5.0 16.5 21.4 76.7 1.9 -1.10 -1.17
0-5 m 3.6 5.6 9.1 88.6 2.3 -0.56 -0.53
6-11 m 1.7 11.5 13.2 84.9 1.9 -0.76 -0.83
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.7 12.5 17.3 81.1 1.7 -0.98 -1.00
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 6.1 18.0 24.1 73.2 2.8 -1.12 -1.21
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.5 20.1 25.6 73.1 1.3 -1.29 -1.38
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 5.7 21.2 27.0 71.1 1.9 -1.34 -1.44
Region
NCR 3.5 11.6 15.1 81.5 3.4 -0.79 -0.87
CAR 3.2 13.5 16.8 82.7 0.5 -1.04 -1.08
Ilocos 5.3 13.7 19.0 78.8 2.2 -1.06 -1.20
Cagayan Valley 2.3 17.8 20.1 77.8 2.1 -1.00 -1.07
Central Luzon 2.2 14.4 16.6 80.4 3.0 -0.84 -0.94
CALABARZON 4.3 14.6 19.0 78.3 2.7 -0.91 -1.02
MIMAROPA 9.5 22.2 31.8 67.2 1.0 -1.44 -1.53
Bicol 6.4 21.9 28.4 70.5 1.1 -1.37 -1.38
Western Visayas 6.8 19.8 26.6 71.9 1.5 -1.28 -1.34
Central Visayas 5.2 17.6 22.8 75.8 1.4 -1.19 -1.23
Eastern Visayas 7.0 22.5 29.5 69.4 1.0 -1.37 -1.39
Zamboanga Peninsula 3.9 17.2 21.2 77.3 1.5 -1.17 -1.28
Northern Mindanao 3.5 17.0 20.4 78.4 1.2 -1.13 -1.20
Davao 3.2 17.4 20.7 78.0 1.3 -1.11 -1.18
SOCCSKSARGEN 6.0 19.8 25.8 73.0 1.2 -1.29 -1.32
ARMM 6.6 18.2 24.9 73.8 1.3 -1.22 -1.30
Caraga 5.8 18.2 24.0 75.4 0.6 -1.28 -1.31
*Totals may not add up due to rounding

Table 18. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by height-for-age
Height-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately Stunted/

Stunted/ Stunted/ Under- Normal Tall Mean Median
Disaggregation/ Variable Underheight Underheight height* z- z-
scores scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 10.8 22.6 33.4 64.7 1.9 -1.42 -1.49
0-5 m 4.3 8.4 12.7 82.1 5.3 -0.41 -0.43
6-11 m 5.4 11.9 17.3 79.4 3.3 -0.81 -0.82
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 12.9 23.2 36.2 61.0 2.8 -1.46 -1.56
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 13.7 24.7 38.4 59.9 1.6 -1.63 -1.66
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 11.8 26.8 38.6 60.6 0.9 -1.65 -1.68
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 10.4 26.4 36.8 62.6 0.6 -1.63 -1.65
Male 11.1 23.3 34.3 63.7 2.0 -1.45 -1.52
0-5 m 4.7 9.6 14.3 81.7 4.0 -0.45 -0.45
6-11 m 6.3 14.8 21.1 75.7 3.2 -0.92 -0.89
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 15.4 25.4 40.7 56.3 3.0 -1.60 -1.73
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 13.9 25.6 39.5 58.6 1.9 -1.63 -1.67
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 11.6 25.4 37.0 62.0 1.0 -1.62 -1.64
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 9.2 26.2 35.4 63.6 1.0 -1.60 -1.64
Female 10.5 22.0 32.5 65.7 1.8 -1.40 -1.45
0-5 m 3.9 7.1 11.0 82.5 6.5 -0.36 -0.43
6-11 m 4.5 8.8 13.2 83.5 3.3 -0.70 -0.77
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 10.6 21.1 31.7 65.6 2.7 -1.33 -1.43
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 13.5 23.8 37.3 61.3 1.4 -1.63 -1.65
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 12.0 28.3 40.3 59.0 0.7 -1.69 -1.73
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 11.7 26.6 38.3 61.5 0.2 -1.66 -1.65
Region
NCR 7.0 17.9 24.9 72.8 2.3 -1.09 -1.10
CAR 10.6 26.1 36.7 62.0 1.3 -1.57 -1.63
Ilocos 7.5 23.8 31.3 66.9 1.9 -1.33 -1.40
Cagayan Valley 6.8 22.2 29.0 68.6 2.4 -1.27 -1.37
Central Luzon 6.7 16.4 23.1 74.5 2.4 -1.13 -1.14
CALABARZON 8.4 19.3 27.7 70.1 2.2 -1.24 -1.36
MIMAROPA 16.3 24.6 40.9 57.3 1.8 -1.69 -1.72
Bicol 13.7 26.5 40.2 58.2 1.7 -1.65 -1.68
Western Visayas 14.1 25.7 39.8 59.3 0.8 -1.66 -1.72
Central Visayas 11.5 26.2 37.7 61.1 1.2 -1.59 -1.62
Eastern Visayas 14.3 27.5 41.7 57.0 1.2 -1.65 -1.73
Davao 8.6 23.1 31.7 67.2 1.1 -1.44 -1.48
SOCCSKSARGEN 16.1 23.9 40.0 58.0 2.1 -1.68 -1.70
ARMM 19.7 25.5 45.2 50.7 4.0 -1.68 -1.85
Caraga 11.0 25.5 36.4 61.8 1.7 -1.54 -1.59

Table 19. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by weight-for-height
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by sex, age group, and region:
Weight-for-Height (%)
Over-
Severely Moderately
Wasted/ weight-
Wasted/ Wasted/ Normal NEC
Disaggregation/ Variable Thin* for- Mean Median
Thin Thin
height z- z-
-2SD scores scores
<-2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD to >+2SD
-3SD
+2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 1.9 5.2 7.1 88.7 3.9 0.3 -0.38 -0.46
0-5 m 4.9 5.9 10.9 81.1 6.9 1.2 -0.24 -0.24
6-11 m 3.4 8.3 11.6 84.0 4.2 0.2 -0.46 -0.57
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.6 6.6 9.2 87.7 3.1 0.1 -0.43 -0.45
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.3 4.3 5.7 90.4 3.8 0.1 -0.32 -0.43
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.1 4.4 5.4 90.6 3.7 0.3 -0.36 -0.47
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 0.9 4.1 4.9 91.2 3.6 0.2 -0.41 -0.50
Male 2.0 5.8 7.8 87.9 4.0 0.3 -0.37 -0.45
0-5 m 4.6 5.0 9.6 81.3 7.9 1.2 -0.15 -0.25
6-11 m 3.9 9.6 13.5 82.4 3.7 0.3 -0.55 -0.58
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.6 7.6 10.2 86.2 3.4 0.2 -0.43 -0.46
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.3 4.7 6.0 90.6 3.2 0.2 -0.35 -0.45
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.5 5.0 6.4 89.0 4.2 0.3 -0.34 -0.43
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 0.9 4.7 5.6 90.5 3.7 0.3 -0.36 -0.44
Female 1.8 4.6 6.4 89.6 3.8 0.2 -0.39 -0.48
0-5 m 5.4 6.8 12.2 80.8 5.8 1.2 -0.32 -0.23
6-11 m 2.8 6.8 9.5 85.6 4.8 0.0 -0.37 -0.57
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.5 5.6 8.1 89.1 2.8 0.0 -0.43 -0.44
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.4 4.0 5.4 90.1 4.4 0.1 -0.30 -0.41
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 0.7 3.7 4.4 92.3 3.0 0.3 -0.40 -0.51
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 0.9 3.3 4.2 92.1 3.5 0.2 -0.46 -0.57
Region
NCR 2.0 4.4 6.4 87.3 6.0 0.4 -0.21 -0.33
CAR 1.9 2.6 4.5 92.2 3.1 0.1 -0.20 -0.22
Ilocos 1.5 5.1 6.6 90.1 3.3 0.0 -0.45 -0.56
Cagayan Valley 1.4 5.8 7.2 88.5 3.8 0.5 -0.40 -0.45
Central Luzon 2.3 5.2 7.5 86.3 6.0 0.2 -0.26 -0.43
CALABARZON 2.1 5.5 7.6 87.2 5.0 0.2 -0.30 -0.40
MIMAROPA 1.8 7.9 9.7 86.7 3.2 0.4 -0.65 -0.66
Bicol 2.1 6.1 8.2 89.1 2.6 0.1 -0.58 -0.64
Western Visayas 1.0 5.4 6.4 90.2 3.3 0.1 -0.46 -0.55
Central Visayas 1.5 5.5 7.0 89.9 2.6 0.4 -0.41 -0.46
Eastern Visayas 1.8 6.6 8.4 89.0 2.3 0.3 -0.57 -0.61
Zamboanga Peninsula 2.7 4.4 7.1 90.1 2.5 0.3 -0.42 -0.47
Northern Mindanao 1.5 2.5 4.0 93.4 2.0 0.7 -0.33 -0.39
Davao 0.9 5.4 6.3 90.7 2.7 0.3 -0.40 -0.43
SOCCSKSARGEN 1.9 5.0 6.9 90.1 2.8 0.2 -0.43 -0.45
ARMM 3.0 5.2 8.2 87.3 4.2 0.3 -0.34 -0.38
Caraga 2.1 6.0 8.1 89.7 1.7 0.5 -0.58 -0.56

Table 20. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by BMI-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by sex, age group, and region:
BMI-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately Over-
Wasted/ Over-
Wasted/ Wasted/ Normal Obese weight/
Disaggregation/ Variable Thin Thin
Thin* weight
Obese*
Mean Median
z- z-
-2SD >+2SD
<-3SD
<-2SD to
<-2SD to to >+3SD >+2SD
scores scores
-3SD
+2SD +3SD
Sex/Age Group
All 1.8 4.2 6.0 89.7 2.1 2.2 4.2 -0.24 -0.30
0-5 m 4.4 6.5 10.9 84.1 2.2 2.8 5.0 -0.37 -0.42
6-11 m 3.9 8.3 12.1 83.8 1.8 2.3 4.1 -0.53 -0.62
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.5 4.9 7.4 88.1 2.8 1.7 4.5 -0.17 -0.18
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.2 3.3 4.5 91.1 2.1 2.3 4.4 -0.10 -0.19
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.0 2.7 3.7 91.8 2.3 2.2 4.4 -0.18 -0.27
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 0.8 3.0 3.8 92.7 1.3 2.2 3.5 -0.29 -0.38
Male 1.9 4.3 6.3 89.2 2.4 2.1 4.5 -0.20 -0.26
0-5 m 4.4 5.6 10.0 84.4 2.3 3.2 5.6 -0.32 -0.38
6-11 m 4.4 9.5 13.9 82.4 2.0 1.7 3.7 -0.59 -0.64
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.7 5.2 7.9 86.6 3.8 1.7 5.5 -0.14 -0.12
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.3 3.2 4.5 91.6 2.2 1.7 3.9 -0.10 -0.17
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.0 3.2 4.2 90.8 2.4 2.5 5.0 -0.11 -0.20
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 0.8 2.9 3.8 92.3 1.7 2.2 3.9 -0.19 -0.28
Female 1.7 4.0 5.7 90.3 1.7 2.2 3.9 -0.28 -0.36
0-5 m 4.4 7.4 11.9 83.8 2.0 2.4 4.4 -0.42 -0.44
6-11 m 3.3 6.9 10.2 85.3 1.5 3.0 4.4 -0.46 -0.60
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.3 4.6 7.0 89.6 1.9 1.6 3.5 -0.21 -0.21
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.1 3.4 4.5 90.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 -0.11 -0.19
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.0 2.2 3.2 93.0 2.1 1.8 3.9 -0.25 -0.34
48-59 m (4.0-4.99 y) 0.8 3.0 3.8 93.1 0.9 2.2 3.1 -0.39 -0.49
Region
NCR 2.0 3.7 5.8 88.0 3.5 2.7 6.2 -0.12 -0.23
CAR 1.8 1.8 3.6 92.5 3.2 0.8 4.0 -0.06 -0.06
Ilocos 1.3 3.8 5.1 91.5 1.3 2.1 3.4 -0.33 -0.42
Cagayan Valley 1.4 4.9 6.4 89.3 2.4 1.9 4.3 -0.25 -0.33
Central Luzon 2.0 4.6 6.6 86.9 3.0 3.4 6.4 -0.18 -0.29
CALABARZON 2.0 5.0 7.0 87.5 2.6 2.9 5.5 -0.17 -0.27
MIMAROPA 1.2 4.9 6.1 90.7 1.9 1.3 3.1 -0.49 -0.52
Bicol 1.8 4.4 6.2 91.0 1.1 1.7 2.8 -0.41 -0.48
Western Visayas 1.1 3.7 4.8 92.1 1.6 1.5 3.1 -0.31 -0.38
Central Visayas 1.5 4.6 6.1 90.6 1.5 1.8 3.2 -0.25 -0.30
Eastern Visayas 1.7 4.8 6.5 91.2 0.9 1.4 2.3 -0.40 -0.41
Zamboanga Peninsula 2.8 2.5 5.3 91.7 1.2 1.7 2.9 -0.24 -0.27
Northern Mindanao 1.5 1.9 3.3 93.9 1.7 1.1 2.8 -0.15 -0.23
Davao 0.9 4.1 4.9 92.0 1.8 1.3 3.1 -0.27 -0.29
SOCCSKSARGEN 2.1 3.9 5.9 91.1 1.2 1.8 3.0 -0.27 -0.28
ARMM 3.4 4.4 7.8 87.2 1.6 3.5 5.1 -0.13 -0.17
Caraga 1.9 4.6 6.6 91.7 0.8 1.0 1.7 -0.39 -0.39

Disaggregating by residence, undernutrition was found to be higher in rural than in urban

areas as manifested in the higher proportion of underweight (24.5% vs. 18.2%) (Table 21) and
stunting (38.1% vs. 28.3%) in rural areas. By wealth quintile, the poorest households have the highest
prevalence of underweight (31.9%), stunting (49.7%), and wasting (8.1%) (Tables 21-23 & Figure 9).
Table 21. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by weight-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of residence, and
wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,615)
Weight-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately
Under- Above Median
Residence/Wealth Under- Under- Normal Mean z-
weight* Normal z-
Quintile weight weight scores
scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Philippines 4.8 16.7 21.5 76.5 2.0 -1.08 -1.17

Poorest 8.0 23.9 31.9 67.3 0.7 -1.51 -1.54
Poor 5.8 19.7 25.5 73.8 0.7 -1.31 -1.34
Middle 4.5 16.8 21.3 77.4 1.3 -1.13 -1.18
Rich 2.4 11.2 13.5 84.2 2.2 -0.81 -0.88
Richest 1.0 7.6 8.6 85.1 6.3 -0.32 -0.45
Urban 3.9 14.3 18.2 79.2 2.6 -0.92 -1.02
Poorest 9.0 24.2 33.2 66.4 0.4 -1.62 -1.59
Poor 6.8 19.6 26.4 72.9 0.7 -1.35 -1.36
Middle 4.4 17.3 21.8 77.2 1.0 -1.13 -1.16
Rich 2.5 11.1 13.6 84.2 2.2 -0.82 -0.90
Richest 1.1 7.5 8.5 84.9 6.5 -0.29 -0.44
Rural 5.6 19.0 24.5 74.1 1.4 -1.23 -1.29
Poorest 7.8 23.8 31.7 67.5 0.8 -1.49 -1.52
Poor 5.3 19.7 25.0 74.3 0.7 -1.30 -1.32
Middle 4.5 16.1 20.6 77.7 1.7 -1.14 -1.21
Rich 2.2 11.2 13.3 84.4 2.3 -0.77 -0.86
Richest 0.9 8.0 8.9 85.8 5.3 -0.42 -0.55

Table 22. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by height-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-CGS, and by place of residence and
Height-for-Age (%)
Moderately Stunted/ Median
Residence/Wealth Severely Mean z-
Stunted/ Under- Normal Tall z-
Quintile Stunted scores
Underheight height* scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Philippines 10.8 22.6 33.4 64.7 1.9 -1.42 -1.49
Poorest 20.2 29.5 49.7 48.7 1.6 -1.93 -1.98
Poor 11.5 27.4 38.9 59.5 1.5 -1.62 -1.71
Middle 9.3 22.3 31.7 66.9 1.4 -1.43 -1.48
Rich 5.1 16.9 22.0 76.3 1.7 -1.08 -1.10
Richest 3.1 11.5 14.7 81.3 4.0 -0.69 -0.80
Urban 8.4 19.8 28.3 69.6 2.2 -1.25 -1.33
Poorest 18.1 34.2 52.3 46.8 1.0 -2.01 -2.04
Poor 13.0 26.7 39.7 58.7 1.6 -1.66 -1.76
Middle 9.8 21.5 31.3 67.4 1.3 -1.43 -1.47
Rich 5.3 16.7 22.0 76.3 1.7 -1.10 -1.14
Richest 3.5 11.6 15.2 80.4 4.4 -0.67 -0.76
Rural 13.0 25.1 38.1 60.2 1.7 -1.58 -1.64
Poorest 20.6 28.6 49.2 49.1 1.7 -1.92 -1.98
Poor 10.6 27.9 38.5 60.0 1.5 -1.60 -1.67
Middle 8.8 23.4 32.2 66.3 1.6 -1.43 -1.48
Rich 4.5 17.5 22.0 76.2 1.8 -1.04 -1.03
Richest 1.8 11.1 12.9 84.4 2.7 -0.76 -0.83
Table 23. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by weight-for-height
Modera- Over-
Severely Median
Residence/Wealth tely Wasted/ weight- Mean z-
Wasted/ Normal NEC z-
Quintile Wasted/ Thin* for- scores
Thin scores
Thin height
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Philippines 1.9 5.2 7.1 88.7 3.9 0.3 -0.38 -0.46
Poorest 1.9 6.2 8.1 89.6 2.0 0.3 -0.55 -0.58
Poor 2.2 5.7 7.8 89.8 2.2 0.2 -0.54 -0.55
Middle 1.9 5.4 7.3 89.4 3.1 0.2 -0.45 -0.52
Rich 1.7 4.1 5.9 88.7 5.0 0.4 -0.27 -0.40
Richest 1.7 4.0 5.7 85.0 9.0 0.2 0.12 -0.04
Urban 2.0 5.1 7.0 87.9 4.9 0.2 -0.29 -0.41
Poorest 2.8 7.7 10.5 87.9 1.3 0.3 -0.66 -0.59
Poor 2.4 5.9 8.2 89.1 2.7 0.0 -0.54 -0.58
Middle 1.7 5.4 7.2 89.8 2.7 0.3 -0.45 -0.54
Rich 1.7 4.3 6.0 88.6 5.1 0.3 -0.27 -0.36
Richest 1.8 4.1 5.9 84.6 9.2 0.2 0.15 -0.02
Rural 1.9 5.4 7.2 89.5 3.0 0.3 -0.46 -0.51
Poorest 1.7 5.9 7.6 90.0 2.1 0.3 -0.53 -0.56
Poor 2.0 5.5 7.6 90.2 1.9 0.3 -0.55 -0.54
Middle 2.1 5.3 7.4 88.9 3.6 0.1 -0.45 -0.52
Rich 1.8 3.8 5.6 89.1 4.8 0.6 -0.27 -0.34
Richest 1.5 3.7 5.2 86.3 8.3 0.2 0.01 -0.17

Table 24. Percent distribution of children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), by BMI-for-age
BMI-for-Age (%)
Modera-
Severely Over- Mean Median
Residence/ tely Wasted/
Wasted/ Normal Overweight Obese weight/ z- z-
Wealth Quintile Wasted/ Thin*
Thin Obese* scores scores
Thin
<-2SD to -2SD to >+2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+3SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD +3SD
Philippines 1.8 4.2 6.0 89.7 2.1 2.2 4.2 -0.24 -0.30
Poorest 1.9 4.5 6.4 91.3 0.8 1.6 2.3 -0.34 -0.39
Poor 2.0 4.5 6.4 91.3 1.2 1.0 2.2 -0.39 -0.41
Middle 1.8 4.3 6.1 90.4 1.9 1.7 3.5 -0.31 -0.37
Rich 1.6 3.8 5.4 89.0 3.2 2.4 5.6 -0.17 -0.27
Richest 1.8 3.6 5.4 85.1 4.2 5.3 9.5 0.17 0.03
Urban 1.9 4.3 6.2 88.5 2.6 2.7 5.3 -0.17 -0.27
Poorest 2.9 6.0 8.9 89.2 0.7 1.2 1.9 -0.40 -0.39
Poor 2.0 4.6 6.6 90.7 1.5 1.2 2.6 -0.39 -0.43
Middle 1.8 4.3 6.0 90.8 1.5 1.6 3.2 -0.31 -0.38
Rich 1.7 3.9 5.5 88.8 3.3 2.4 5.7 -0.16 -0.26
Richest 1.9 4.0 5.8 84.4 4.2 5.6 9.8 0.19 0.06
Rural 1.8 4.1 5.9 90.8 1.6 1.7 3.3 -0.30 -0.34
Poorest 1.6 4.2 5.9 91.7 0.8 1.6 2.4 -0.33 -0.37
Poor 1.9 4.4 6.3 91.7 1.1 0.9 2.0 -0.39 -0.38
Middle 2.0 4.2 6.2 89.8 2.3 1.7 4.0 -0.32 -0.36
Rich 1.5 3.6 5.2 89.4 3.1 2.4 5.5 -0.17 -0.24
Richest 1.6 2.2 3.8 87.5 4.2 4.4 8.7 0.08 -0.09
On the contrary, the prevalence of wasting generally decreased in all regions between 2013
and 2015, except for Bicol (7.5% vs. 8.2%), Eastern Visayas (7.9% vs. 8.4%), SOCCSKSARGEN
(6.8% vs. 6.9%), and Caraga (7.6% vs. 8.1%) (Figure 12). In addition, overweight prevalence
decreased in all regions between 2013 and 2015 except for ARMM (4.1% vs. 4.2%) and was highest
among children 0 to 5 month old, those residing in urban places, and those belonging to richest
quintile (Figures 13-15).

UNDERWEIGHT
STUNTING
Prevalence %
WASTING
Figure 9. Prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to
59 months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015

Prevalence %
Figure 10. Prevalence of underweight among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59
Prevalence %
Figure 11. Prevalence of stunting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months),
Prevalence %

Figure 12. Prevalence of wasting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months),
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 13. Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months),
by age and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
Prevalence %
Figure 14. Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to
59 months), by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

Prevalence %
Figure 15. Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to
59 months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015
Figure 16 illustrates the trend of undernutrition and overnutrition among children, 0 to 59

months old, from 1989 to 2015. A downward trend was observed for underweight-for-age prevalence
starting from 1998 up to the 2013 NNS. Although there was a general reduction in underweight, the
prevalence was relatively unchanged in the past decade (from 20.7% in 2003, to 20.0% in 2005,
20.6% in 2008, and 20.2% in 2011). From the 1989 baseline of 27.3%, the prevalence of underweight
among children decreased to 20.0% in 2013; however, a significant increase of 1.5 percentage points
was registered between 2013 and 2015, indicating a 7.9 percentage points deficit from the MDG
target of 13.6% underweight prevalence.
Noticeably, stunting also exhibited a slight increase despite its downward trend from 1989.
The country’s 1989 baseline data of 44.5% stunting prevalence among children declined to 30.3% in
2013, but rose by 3.1 percentage points (33.4%) in 2015. In contrast to underweight and stunting, the
prevalence of wasting slightly declined by 1.1 percentage points from 2013 to 2015.
Prevalence %
Figure 16. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to
59 months), using WHO-CGS: Philippines, 1989-2015

3.2. Nutritional Status of School-Age Children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120
months)
Among school-age children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old, mean weight was computed to be similar for
both sexes at 20.8 kg while mean height was slightly higher for females (116.8 cm) than males (116.4
cm) (Table 25). Results also showed that children residing in urban areas still recorded higher mean
weights and heights than their rural counterparts (Tables 26 & 27). As expected, mean weights and
heights for children 5.08 to 10.0 years old increased with increasing age.
Table 25. Mean weight and height of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by age and sex:
Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL
Age
5.08-5.99 y
16.7 (0.09) 105.7 (0.15) 16.3 (0.09) 105.2 (0.15) 16.5 (0.06) 105.5 (0.11)
(61-71 m)
6.0-6.99 y
18.6 (0.10) 111.2 (0.17) 18.2 (0.10) 111.0 (0.17) 18.4 (0.07) 111.1 (0.11)
(72-83 m)
7.0-7.99 y
20.2 (0.10) 116.1 (0.16) 20.2 (0.12) 116.2 (0.18) 20.2 (0.08) 116.1 (0.11)
(84-95 m)
8.0-8.99 y
22.5 (0.13) 120.9 (0.17) 22.5 (0.13) 121.5 (0.18) 22.5 (0.09) 121.2 (0.12)
(96-107 m)
9.0-10.0 y
25.3 (0.17) 126.1 (0.18) 25.3 (0.15) 127.1 (0.18) 25.3 (0.12) 126.6 (0.13)
(108-120 m)
All 20.8 (0.07) 116.4 (0.11) 20.8 (0.07) 116.8 (0.12) 20.8 (0.05) 116.6 (0.08)
Table 26. Mean weight and height of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by age and sex,
in urban areas: Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL
Age (months) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE)
5.08-5.99 y
17.3 (0.16) 106.8 (0.24) 16.8 (0.15) 105.9 (0.24) 17.1 (0.11) 106.4 (0.17)
(61-71 m)
6.0-6.99 y
19.5 (0.18) 112.6 (0.25) 19.0 (0.17) 112.4 (0.27) 19.3 (0.12) 112.5 (0.18)
(72-83 m)
7.0-7.99 y
21.0 (0.18) 117.3 (0.24) 21.3 (0.20) 117.7 (0.28) 21.1 (0.13) 117.5 (0.19)
(84-95 m)
8.0-8.99 y
23.6 (0.25) 122.2 (0.28) 23.7 (0.23) 123.0 (0.29) 23.7 (0.17) 122.6 (0.21)
(96-107 m)
9.0-10.0 y
26.4 (0.27) 127.4 (0.27) 26.4 (0.26) 128.2 (0.30) 26.4 (0.20) 127.8 (0.21)
(108-120 m)
All 21.7 (0.12) 117.6 (0.17) 21.7 (0.12) 118.1 (0.19) 21.7 (0.09) 117.8 (0.13)

Table 27. Mean weight and height of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by age and sex, in
rural areas: Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL
Age (months) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE)
5.08-5.99 y
16.2 (0.09) 104.8 (0.18) 15.9 (0.09) 104.6 (0.19) 16.1 (0.06) 104.7 (0.14)
(61-71 m)
6.0-6.99 y
17.9 (0.10) 110.2 (0.22) 17.7 (0.10) 110.0 (0.21) 17.8 (0.07) 110.1 (0.13)
(72-83 m)
7.0-7.99 y
19.6 (0.11) 115.1 (0.21) 19.4 (0.13) 115.0 (0.22) 19.5 (0.08) 115.0 (0.13)
(84-95 m)
8.0-8.99 y
21.7 (0.13) 120.0 (0.20) 21.5 (0.12) 120.3 (0.20) 21.6 (0.09) 120.1 (0.14)
(96-107 m)
9.0-10.0 y
24.2 (0.23) 125.1 (0.23) 24.4 (0.16) 126.1 (0.21) 24.4 (0.15) 125.6 (0.17)
(108-120 m)
All 20.1 (0.08) 115.4 (0.14) 20.2 (0.07) 115.4 (0.14) 20.0 (0.06) 115.6 (0.10)
Moreover, the prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old, increased
from 29.1% in 2013 to 31.2% in 2015, bringing the magnitude and severity of underweight children
close to the 2011 level (Figure 17). Stunting, meanwhile, increased from 29.9% in 2013 to 31.1% in
2015, with a 1.2 percentage points increment (Figure 18).
While the prevalence of wasting slightly decreased, it remained virutally unchanged from
2011 (8.5%) to 2013 (8.6%) and 2015 (8.4%), and still considered a public health concern. On the
other hand, overweight prevalence declined from 9.1% in 2013 to 8.6% in 2015 (Figures 19- 20).
Similar to the 2013 results, malnutrition was observed as more prevalent in males than in
females. Disaggregated by age, all forms of malnutrition in this age group were generally at their
highest prevalence among children nine to 10 years old, except for stunting where high prevalence
started as early as five years old (Figures 17-20).

Table 28. Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by weight-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by sex, age
group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 20, 171)
Weight-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately
Under- Over-
Under- Under- Normal
Disaggregation/ Variable weight* weight Mean z- Median
weight weight
scores z-scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 7.4 23.8 31.2 66.7 2.1 -1.34 -1.49
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.8 23.2 29.0 68.7 2.3 -1.33 -1.46
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 6.0 22.8 28.8 69.2 2.0 -1.29 -1.43
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 8.2 23.8 32.0 65.9 2.2 -1.38 -1.52
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 8.1 24.2 32.2 65.6 2.1 -1.36 -1.51
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 8.6 24.6 33.3 64.7 2.0 -1.34 -1.51
Male 8.6 25.1 33.8 63.7 2.5 -1.40 -1.55
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 6.1 23.0 29.1 68.2 2.8 -1.33 -1.47
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 7.3 25.2 32.5 65.0 2.5 -1.35 -1.53
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 10.2 26.0 36.1 61.6 2.2 -1.51 -1.66
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 9.6 26.4 36.0 61.4 2.6 -1.45 -1.58
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 9.7 24.8 34.4 62.9 2.7 -1.36 -1.54
Female 6.1 22.3 28.5 69.9 1.7 -1.27 -1.42
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.5 23.5 29.0 69.3 1.7 -1.33 -1.44
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 4.6 20.2 24.8 73.8 1.5 -1.22 -1.36
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 6.2 21.6 27.8 70.1 2.1 -1.24 -1.40
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 6.5 21.8 28.3 70.0 1.7 -1.27 -1.44
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 7.6 24.5 32.1 66.5 1.3 -1.31 -1.47
Region
NCR 5.4 15.5 20.9 74.1 5.0 -0.81 -1.02
CAR 3.2 16.2 19.3 79.4 1.3 -1.14 -1.23
Ilocos 6.2 21.3 27.5 70.1 2.5 -1.27 -1.38
Cagayan Valley 6.3 20.5 26.8 70.5 2.6 -1.25 -1.40
Central Luzon 5.3 18.6 23.9 71.7 4.4 -1.00 -1.14
CALABARZON 6.1 22.7 28.8 68.2 3.0 -1.18 -1.37
MIMAROPA 12.6 29.6 42.2 57.0 0.8 -1.74 -1.83
Bicol 9.6 29.3 38.9 60.6 0.4 -1.67 -1.73
Western Visayas 9.8 29.0 38.9 59.9 1.3 -1.58 -1.73
Central Visayas 8.0 26.3 34.3 65.0 0.7 -1.51 -1.59
Eastern Visayas 9.7 30.2 39.9 58.9 1.2 -1.65 -1.76
Davao 6.4 23.7 30.1 68.8 1.1 -1.41 -1.49
SOCCSKSARGEN 8.8 26.9 35.7 63.5 0.7 -1.51 -1.60
ARMM 10.2 27.9 38.1 61.6 0.4 -1.60 -1.66
Caraga 6.5 28.9 35.4 63.4 1.2 -1.54 -1.62

ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 17. Prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months),
by single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 18. Prevalence of stunting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by
single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015

Table 29. Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by height-for-age
Height-for-Age (%)
Moderately
Severely Stunted/
Stunted/
Stunted/ Under- Normal Tall
Under-
Disaggregation/ Variable Underheight height*
height Mean z- Median
scores z-scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 7.3 23.8 31.1 68.4 0.5 -1.45 -1.49
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 7.7 24.7 32.4 67.1 0.4 -1.51 -1.55
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 6.9 23.3 30.2 69.3 0.5 -1.42 -1.47
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 7.4 23.2 30.6 68.8 0.6 -1.44 -1.49
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 7.2 23.5 30.7 68.8 0.5 -1.44 -1.48
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 7.2 24.5 31.7 67.9 0.4 -1.45 -1.50
Male 8.2 25.3 33.5 66.1 0.4 -1.53 -1.56
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 9.0 25.8 34.8 64.7 0.4 -1.56 -1.58
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 8.1 24.9 32.9 66.7 0.4 -1.50 -1.56
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 8.9 24.5 33.4 66.3 0.4 -1.54 -1.57
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 7.7 26.3 34.0 65.6 0.3 -1.54 -1.57
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 7.5 25.1 32.5 67.1 0.4 -1.51 -1.53
Female 6.3 22.3 28.5 70.8 0.7 -1.37 -1.42
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 6.3 23.4 29.8 69.7 0.5 -1.45 -1.50
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 5.7 21.6 27.3 72.1 0.7 -1.33 -1.36
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 5.8 21.9 27.7 71.4 0.9 -1.33 -1.39
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 6.7 20.5 27.2 72.1 0.8 -1.34 -1.37
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 6.9 23.9 30.8 68.8 0.4 -1.39 -1.47
Region
NCR 4.5 16.1 20.5 78.7 0.7 -1.07 -1.11
CAR 5.1 24.3 29.4 70.1 0.5 -1.46 -1.53
Ilocos 4.7 20.3 25.1 74.8 0.2 -1.30 -1.32
Cagayan Valley 4.9 22.8 27.7 72.1 0.2 -1.38 -1.39
Central Luzon 3.8 15.7 19.5 79.8 0.7 -1.09 -1.15
CALABARZON 4.8 19.9 24.7 74.3 0.9 -1.25 -1.29
MIMAROPA 11.7 27.6 39.3 60.5 0.2 -1.73 -1.74
Bicol 8.7 27.3 36.0 63.7 0.3 -1.64 -1.64
Western Visayas 9.6 26.6 36.2 63.5 0.4 -1.64 -1.66
Central Visayas 7.6 26.1 33.8 65.9 0.4 -1.60 -1.61
Eastern Visayas 9.4 32.2 41.7 58.1 0.2 -1.73 -1.79
Davao 6.9 24.8 31.6 67.5 0.9 -1.47 -1.54
SOCCSKSARGEN 9.8 29.0 38.8 60.6 0.6 -1.67 -1.74
ARMM 14.5 29.5 44.0 55.6 0.5 -1.81 -1.86
Caraga 7.7 30.3 38.0 61.8 0.2 -1.66 -1.70

Table 30. Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by BMI-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores of children using WHO-Growth Reference, and by
sex, age group, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 20,150)
BMI-for-Age (%)
Severe- Mode-
Over-
ly rately Wasted Over-
Normal Obese weight/
Disaggregation/ Variable Wasted Wasted/ / Thin* weight Mean Median
Obese*
/ Thin Thin z- z-
<-2SD to -2SD to
>+2SD scores scores
<-3SD <-2SD to >+3SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
+3SD
Sex/Age Group
All 1.5 6.9 8.4 83.0 5.0 3.6 8.6 -0.60 -0.70
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 1.3 4.7 6.1 86.3 4.0 3.7 7.6 -0.49 -0.60
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 1.4 5.2 6.6 85.1 4.6 3.7 8.3 -0.53 -0.62
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 1.3 7.6 9.0 83.2 4.4 3.5 7.9 -0.65 -0.74
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 1.4 7.6 9.1 82.5 4.9 3.5 8.5 -0.64 -0.75
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 2.1 8.6 10.7 78.7 7.1 3.6 10.6 -0.65 -0.80
Male 1.8 7.2 9.0 82.2 4.6 4.3 8.8 -0.59 -0.70
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 1.4 4.4 5.8 86.3 3.8 4.0 7.8 -0.43 -0.55
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 1.7 5.3 7.0 84.5 3.9 4.6 8.5 -0.52 -0.62
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 1.6 8.7 10.4 82.7 3.3 3.6 6.9 -0.70 -0.81
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 1.7 8.2 10.0 81.0 4.7 4.3 9.0 -0.64 -0.74
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 2.3 8.8 11.1 77.2 7.0 4.7 11.7 -0.61 -0.79
Female 1.3 6.5 7.8 83.8 5.5 2.9 8.4 -0.61 -0.71
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 1.2 5.1 6.3 86.3 4.1 3.3 7.4 -0.55 -0.64
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 1.0 5.1 6.1 85.8 5.3 2.8 8.1 -0.54 -0.62
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 1.1 6.5 7.5 83.7 5.5 3.3 8.8 -0.60 -0.69
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 1.1 7.0 8.1 83.9 5.2 2.8 7.9 -0.64 -0.75
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 2.0 8.3 10.3 80.2 7.2 2.4 9.5 -0.69 -0.81
Region
NCR 1.8 5.7 7.5 74.6 9.1 8.8 17.9 -0.21 -0.45
CAR 1.4 2.9 4.3 85.8 7.7 2.2 9.9 -0.31 -0.30
Ilocos 1.2 8.5 9.7 81.1 5.2 4.0 9.2 -0.65 -0.80
Cagayan Valley 1.0 6.2 7.2 83.7 5.0 4.1 9.1 -0.56 -0.74
Central Luzon 1.6 7.3 8.9 78.6 6.2 6.3 12.5 -0.48 -0.63
CALABARZON 2.0 7.9 9.8 78.8 6.7 4.6 11.3 -0.58 -0.75
MIMAROPA 1.5 10.2 11.8 83.1 3.3 1.8 5.2 -0.90 -0.98
Bicol 1.6 9.3 10.9 85.2 3.2 0.7 4.0 -0.89 -0.94
Western Visayas 1.1 8.9 10.0 82.8 4.3 2.9 7.1 -0.76 -0.90
Central Visayas 1.4 7.3 8.8 85.2 4.6 1.4 6.0 -0.71 -0.74
Eastern Visayas 2.0 6.3 8.3 86.8 2.7 2.2 4.9 -0.76 -0.79
Davao 2.1 4.5 6.7 88.1 3.2 2.0 5.2 -0.67 -0.70
SOCCSKSARGEN 1.2 6.4 7.5 86.0 4.8 1.7 6.4 -0.62 -0.65
ARMM 0.9 5.4 6.3 89.5 2.9 1.2 4.2 -0.58 -0.59
Caraga 1.3 6.4 7.7 87.0 2.9 2.3 5.2 -0.67 -0.72

Prevalence % ALL
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 19. Prevalence of wasting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), using BMI-
for-age, by single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 20. Prevalence of overweight/obesity among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months),
using BMI-for-age, by single age year and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015

The highest prevalence of underweight and stunting was observed among those residing in
rural areas (35.6% and 36.6% respectively). Meanwhile, those residing in urban areas experienced the
double burden of high prevalence of wasting and overweight at 8.5% and 13.0%, respectively.
Underweight and stunting consistently have the highest prevalence among the poorest quintiles
(44.6% and 49.0%, repectively). Wasting, on the other hand, registered higher prevalence among the
poor and middle to the poorest quintiles. Overweight children, on the other hand, were more prevalent
among those in the wealthiest quintiles (Figure 21).
UNDERWEIGHT
STUNTING
Prevalence %
WASTING
OVERWEIGHT/OBESE
Figure 21. Prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, and overweight/obesity among children, 5.08 to
10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015

Table 31. Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by weight-for-age
classification, mean, and median z-scores using WHO-Growth Reference, and by place of
residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 20,012)
Weight-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately
Under- Over- Mean z- Median
Residence/Wealth Quintile Under- Under- Normal
weight weight
weight* weight scores z-scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Philippines 7.4 23.8 31.2 66.7 2.1 -1.34 -1.49
Poorest 11.7 32.9 44.6 55.2 0.2 -1.85 -1.88
Poor 9.3 28.3 37.6 62.0 0.4 -1.64 -1.69
Middle 6.3 23.1 29.5 69.0 1.6 -1.36 -1.47
Rich 4.0 16.8 20.8 76.1 3.1 -0.97 -1.12
Richest 1.9 9.3 11.2 80.8 7.9 -0.33 -0.54
Urban 6.1 19.6 25.6 70.8 3.5 -1.07 -1.27
Poorest 11.8 31.7 43.5 56.3 0.2 -1.84 -1.86
Poor 10.8 28.8 39.6 59.7 0.6 -1.65 -1.70
Middle 6.6 22.7 29.3 69.0 1.8 -1.34 -1.45
Rich 4.4 16.0 20.4 76.6 3.0 -0.96 -1.12
Richest 1.8 9.3 11.0 80.1 8.8 -0.27 -0.49
Rural 8.5 27.1 35.6 63.4 1.0 -1.55 -1.64
Poorest 11.7 33.2 44.8 55.0 0.1 -1.85 -1.88
Poor 8.4 28.0 36.4 63.2 0.3 -1.64 -1.69
Middle 6.1 23.6 29.7 69.0 1.4 -1.39 -1.47
Rich 3.3 18.3 21.6 75.2 3.1 -0.98 -1.13
Richest 2.3 9.6 12.0 83.1 4.9 -0.54 -0.77
Height-for-Age (%)
Moderately
Severely Stunted/ Median
Residence/Wealth Stunted/ Mean z-
Quintile Under- scores
height
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Philippines 7.3 23.8 31.1 68.4 0.5 -1.45 -1.49
Poorest 13.8 35.1 49.0 50.7 0.3 -1.95 -1.98
Poor 8.0 28.1 36.0 63.6 0.3 -1.66 -1.68
Middle 5.5 21.9 27.4 72.1 0.5 -1.42 -1.44
Rich 2.6 15.7 18.3 81.2 0.5 -1.10 -1.13
Richest 1.9 8.8 10.7 88.0 1.3 -0.68 -0.71
Urban 5.2 19.0 24.2 75.1 0.7 -1.23 -1.27
Poorest 12.3 34.3 46.6 52.8 0.6 -1.91 -1.95
Poor 8.4 27.2 35.6 63.9 0.5 -1.64 -1.66
Middle 6.2 22.0 28.2 71.3 0.4 -1.43 -1.43
Rich 2.5 14.9 17.5 81.9 0.6 -1.08 -1.11
Richest 2.0 8.7 10.8 87.8 1.4 -0.65 -0.66
Rural 8.9 27.7 36.6 63.1 0.3 -1.63 -1.66
Poorest 14.1 35.3 49.4 50.4 0.3 -1.96 -1.99
Poor 7.7 28.5 36.3 63.5 0.2 -1.66 -1.69
Middle 4.8 21.9 26.7 72.9 0.5 -1.40 -1.45
Rich 2.8 17.1 19.9 79.8 0.4 -1.12 -1.16
Richest 1.3 9.1 10.5 88.5 1.0 -0.77 -0.86

Table 33. Percent distribution of children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by BMI-for-age
BMI-for-Age (%)
Modera-
Residence/ Severely Over- Mean Median
tely Wasted/ Over-
Wealth Wasted/ Normal Obese weight/ z- z-
Wasted/ Thin* weight
Quintile Thin Obese* scores scores
Thin
<-3SD < -2SD >+3SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD +3SD
Philippines 1.5 6.9 8.4 83.0 5.0 3.6 8.6 -0.59 -0.70
Poorest 1.1 7.0 8.2 90.0 1.4 0.4 1.8 -0.81 -0.79
Poor 2.0 8.0 10.0 86.0 2.9 1.1 4.0 -0.83 -0.86
Middle 1.5 7.6 9.2 83.7 4.3 2.9 7.1 -0.67 -0.76
Rich 1.8 6.1 7.9 79.6 7.0 5.6 12.6 -0.43 -0.60
Richest 1.2 4.6 5.7 68.7 13.7 11.9 25.6 0.08 -0.15
Urban 1.7 6.8 8.5 78.5 7.2 5.8 13.0 -0.44 -0.61
Poorest 1.4 9.6 11.0 87.1 1.3 0.6 1.9 -0.84 -0.76
Poor 2.4 9.0 11.3 83.9 3.2 1.5 4.7 -0.86 -0.90
Middle 1.3 7.5 8.8 83.0 5.0 3.3 8.2 -0.62 -0.74
Rich 2.2 6.1 8.4 78.8 7.3 5.5 12.9 -0.44 -0.60
Richest 1.3 4.2 5.5 67.5 13.8 13.2 27.0 0.15 -0.10
Rural 1.3 6.9 8.2 86.6 3.3 1.8 5.1 -0.72 -0.77
Poorest 1.1 6.5 7.6 90.6 1.4 0.4 1.8 -0.81 -0.79
Poor 1.8 7.5 9.2 87.2 2.7 0.8 3.6 -0.82 -0.83
Middle 1.7 7.8 9.5 84.5 3.5 2.5 6.0 -0.72 -0.79
Rich 0.9 5.9 6.8 81.2 6.2 5.7 12.0 -0.43 -0.61
Richest 0.7 5.8 6.5 72.8 13.2 7.5 20.7 -0.14 -0.33
Among regions, underweight children were most prevalent in MIMAROPA (42.2%), Eastern
Visayas (39.9%), Bicol (38.9%), and Western Visayas (38.9%). For stunting, ARMM (44.4%), Eastern
Visayas (41.7%), and MIMAROPA (39.3%) registered the highest prevalence. Meanwhile, wasting rates
were highest in MIMAROPA (11.8%), Bicol (10.9%), and Western Visayas (10.0%). Undernutrition was
more prominent in MIMAROPA, Bicol, and Eastern Visayas while overnutrition recorded highest
prevalence in NCR (17.9%), Central Luzon (12.5%), and CALABARZON (11.3%) (Figures 22-25).
Prevalence %
Figure 22. Prevalence of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by region:

Prevalence %
Figure 23. Prevalence of stunting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), by region: Philippines,
2013 and 2015
Prevalence %
Figure 24. Prevalence of wasting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), using BMI-for-age, by
Prevalence %
Figure 25. Prevalence of overweight/obesity among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), using BMI-for-
age, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

Similar to the younger age group, underweight and stunting increased between 2013 and
2015, while wasting and overweight prevalence exhibited a contrary trend. It can be concluded that
the double burden of malnutrition still exists among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (Figure 26).
Prevalence %
Figure 26. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to
120 months): Philippines, 2003-2015

3.3. Nutritional Status of Children, 0 to 10.0 years old (0 to 120 months)
The mean weight (kg) and height (cm) of children 0 to 10 years old by age and sex are shown
in Table 34. As expected, mean weights and heights increased as the child gets older. Mean heights of
females were slightly higher compared to males starting from age seven up to 10 years old
Table 34. Mean (SE) weight and height of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 to 120 months), by age group and
Male Female ALL

Age Group Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE)
0-60m (0-5.0y) 11.8 (0.04) 85.9 (0.16) 11.1 (0.04) 84.4 (0.16) 11.5 (0.03) 85.2 (0.11)
0-5m 5.8 (0.06) 59.5 (0.27) 5.4 (0.06) 58.7 (0.24) 5.6 (0.04) 59.1 (0.18)
6-11m 8.1 (0.05) 69.8 (0.16) 7.5 (0.05) 68.3 (0.19) 7.8 (0.03) 69.1 (0.13)
12-23m (1.0-1.99y) 9.8 (0.05) 77.9 (0.17) 9.2 (0.05) 76.5 (0.16) 9.5 (0.03) 77.2 (0.12)
24-35m (2.0-2.99y) 11.8 (0.05) 86.1 (0.15) 11.2 (0.06) 84.7 (0.16) 11.5 (0.04) 85.4 (0.12)
36-47m (3.0-3.99y) 13.5 (0.06) 93.5 (0.15) 12.9 (0.05) 92.2 (0.15) 13.2 (0.04) 92.9 (0.11)
48-60m (4.0-5.0y) 15.2 (0.07) 99.9 (0.14) 14.6 (0.07) 99.0 (0.15) 14.9 (0.05) 99.5 (0.11)
61-120m (5.08-10.0y) 20.8 (0.07) 116.4 (0.11) 20.8 (0.07) 116.8 (0.12) 20.8 (0.05) 116.6 (0.08)
61-71m (5.08-10.0y) 16.7 (0.09) 105.7 (0.15) 16.3 (0.09) 105.2 (0.15) 16.5 (0.06) 105.5 (0.11)
72-83m (6.0-6.99y) 18.6 (0.10) 111.2 (0.17) 18.2 (0.10) 111.0 (0.17) 18.4 (0.07) 111.1 (0.11)
84-95m (7.0-7.99y) 20.2 (0.10) 116.1 (0.16) 20.2 (0.12) 116.2 (0.18) 20.2 (0.08) 116.1 (0.11)
97-107m (8.0-8.99y) 22.5 (0.13) 120.9 (0.17) 22.5 (0.13) 121.5 (0.18) 22.5 (0.09) 121.2 (0.12)
108-120m (9.0-10.0y) 25.3 (0.17) 126.1 (0.18) 25.3 (0.15) 127.1 (0.18) 25.3 (0.12) 126.6 (0.13)
Table 35. Mean weight and height of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 to 120 months): Philippines, 2008-2015
Height (cm) Weight (kg)

Age Group
2008 2011 2013 2015 2008 2011 2013 2015
0-60m (0-5.0y)
0-5m 59.4 58.8 59.2 59.1 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6
6-11m 69.5 69.4 69.5 69.1 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.8
12-23m (1.0-1.99y) 77.6 77.1 77.7 77.2 9.6 9.5 9.7 9.5
24-35m (2.0-2.99y) 85.5 85.7 85.9 85.4 11.5 11.6 11.6 11.5
36-47m (3.0-3.99y) 92.5 92.7 93.2 92.9 13.1 13.3 13.4 13.2
48-60m (4.0-5.0y) 99.3 99.3 100.1 99.5 14.9 14.8 15.2 14.9
61-120m (5.08-10.0y)
61-71m (5.08-5.99y) 105.3 105.5 105.9 105.5 16.5 16.5 16.7 16.5
72-83m (6.0-6.99y) 110.4 110.9 111.4 111.1 18.0 18.2 18.7 18.4
84-95m (7.0-7.99y) 115.5 115.9 116.4 116.1 19.9 20.1 20.5 20.2
97-107m (8.0-8.99y) 120.5 121.1 121.4 121.2 22.0 22.3 22.6 22.5
108-120m (9.0-10.0y) 126.2 125.8 126.4 126.6 24.7 24.8 25.1 25.3

Disaggregating by age group, it was observed that children nine to 10 years old registered the
highest prevalence of underweight (33.3%) and overweight/obesity (10.6%). Stunting still peaked at
age two or three at 38.4% and 38.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, children six to 11 months old posted
the highest prevalence of wasting at 11.6% (Figure 27).
UNDERWEIGHT
STUNTING
Prevalence %
WASTING
OVERWEIGHT/OBESE
Age in years
Figure 27. Prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0 to 10 years old, by single age group: Philippines,
2015

3.4 Nutritional Status of Children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months)
Development among children aged 10 to 19 years old is experienced at different phases as

they enter adolescence and undergo puberty. Growth spurts can be observed earlier among females 10
to 13 years old, as seen in their higher mean weight and height compared to their male counterparts
(Table 36). Nonetheless, throughout adolescence, males soon experience changes and advances in
growth from age 14 onwards, as can be deduced from their higher mean weight and height compared
to females.
Such changes reflected in the children’s weights and heights are mainly attributable to
differences in the onset and duration of growth and development among adolescent males and females
expressed during the period of puberty.
Similar to the younger age groups, children from urban areas recorded higher mean weights
and heights than those from rural areas (Tables 37 and 38). Meanwhile, a positive observation made
was that the mean weight and height of adolescent children have started to increase from 2013 (mean
wt.=40.4 kg; mean ht.=148.0 cm) to 2015 (mean wt.=41.0 kg; mean ht.=148.4 cm).
Table 36. Mean weight and height of children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months), by age and
Male Female ALL

Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE) Mean (+SE)
Age (months)
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 31.2 (0.14) 136.3 (0.15) 32.6 (0.13) 138.8 (0.14) 31.9 (0.10) 137.5 (0.10)
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 43.0 (0.16) 153.8 (0.14) 42.8 (0.13) 149.7 (0.10) 42.9 (0.11) 151.8 (0.10)
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 52.9 (0.17) 162.8 (0.11) 46.8 (0.16) 152.1 (0.11) 50.0 (0.13) 157.7 (0.11)
All 41.7 (0.12) 150.2 (0.13) 40.2 (0.10) 146.4 (0.09) 41.0 (0.09) 148.4 (0.09)
in urban areas: Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL
Age (months)
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 33.0 (0.24) 137.8 (0.24) 34.2 (0.23) 140.5 (0.23) 33.6 (0.17) 139.1 (0.17)
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 44.3 (0.27) 155.2 (0.22) 43.9 (0.22) 150.6 (0.15) 44.1 (0.11) 153.0 (0.15)
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 53.8 (0.28) 163.3 (0.18) 47.5 (0.25) 152.6 (0.15) 50.7 (0.21) 158.1 (0.16)
All 43.4 (0.20) 151.7 (0.20) 41.7 (0.16) 147.8 (0.14) 42.6 (0.14) 149.8 (0.13)
in rural areas: Philippines, 2015
Male Female ALL

Age (months)
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 29.8 (0.15) 135.0 (0.18) 31.3 (0.14) 137.5 (0.17) 30.5 (0.11) 136.2 (0.13)
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 42.0 (0.18) 152.6 (0.19) 41.8 (0.16) 149.0 (0.13) 41.9 (0.13) 150.8 (0.13)
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 52.0 (0.19) 162.2 (0.14) 46.0 (0.18) 151.5 (0.14) 49.3 (0.14) 157.3 (0.14)
All 40.2 (0.15) 148.7 (0.17) 38.8 (0.12) 145.2 (0.12) 39.5 (0.11) 147.0 (0.12)

With slight increase between 2013 and 2015, stunting remains a public health problem with
high magnitude and severity at 31.9% prevalence (Table 39). Furthermore, wasting/thinness persists
as a serious public health concern, with a prevalence of 12.5%. Overweight/obesity prevalence was
also seen as steadily increasing and has now reached 9.2% (Figure 37).
Height-for-Age (%)
Moderately
Severely Stunted/
Stunted/
Disaggregation/ Variable Stunted/ Under- Normal Tall
Under- Mean z- Median
Underheight height*
height scores z-scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 7.2 24.7 31.9 67.9 0.2 -1.54 -1.55
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 8.3 24.1 32.4 67.1 0.5 -1.45 -1.50
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 7.6 22.6 30.2 69.7 0.1 -1.54 -1.51
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 5.4 28.1 33.5 66.5 0.1 -1.65 -1.64
Male 8.1 25.2 33.3 66.4 0.2 -1.56 -1.57
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 8.4 26.1 34.5 64.9 0.5 -1.49 -1.57
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 9.8 21.7 31.6 68.3 0.1 -1.54 -1.48
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 5.7 28.3 34.1 65.9 0.0 -1.68 -1.64
Female 6.2 24.1 30.4 69.4 0.2 -1.52 -1.52
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 8.3 21.9 30.2 69.4 0.4 -1.40 -1.41
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 5.1 23.6 28.7 71.3 0.1 -1.55 -1.52
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 5.0 27.7 32.8 67.1 0.1 -1.63 -1.64
Region
NCR 5.2 19.1 24.3 75.0 0.7 -1.30 -1.31
CAR 5.0 22.3 27.2 72.8 0.0 -1.48 -1.47
Ilocos 4.6 18.1 22.6 77.3 0.1 -1.33 -1.34
Cagayan Valley 4.6 20.8 25.4 74.3 0.3 -1.38 -1.38
Central Luzon 3.9 18.2 22.0 77.7 0.2 -1.24 -1.25
CALABARZON 5.1 21.1 26.2 73.6 0.2 -1.37 -1.39
MIMAROPA 8.3 29.5 37.9 62.0 0.2 -1.72 -1.74
Bicol 9.5 29.5 39.0 60.8 0.2 -1.73 -1.73
Western Visayas 8.4 28.1 36.5 63.4 0.1 -1.67 -1.67
Central Visayas 7.6 27.9 35.5 64.4 0.1 -1.66 -1.69
Eastern Visayas 11.0 31.3 42.3 57.6 0.1 -1.82 -1.82
Davao 6.7 26.1 32.8 67.0 0.2 -1.59 -1.63
SOCCSKSARGEN 10.4 30.7 41.1 58.9 0.0 -1.79 -1.77
ARMM 14.0 31.0 44.9 54.9 0.1 -1.91 -1.87
Caraga 8.4 29.2 37.6 62.2 0.2 -1.70 -1.72

Table 40. Percent distribution of children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months) by BMI-for-age
BMI-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately Over-
Wasted/ Over-
Wasted/ Wasted/ Normal Obese weight/
Thin* weight Mean Median
Disaggregation/ Variable Thin Thin Obese*
z- z-
-2SD >+2SD
<-2SD to scores scores
<-3SD <-2SD to to >+3SD >+2SD
-3SD
+2SD +3SD
Sex/Age Group
All 2.5 10.0 12.5 78.3 6.3 2.8 9.2 -0.69 -0.76
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 2.7 11.2 14.0 75.3 7.2 3.6 10.8 -0.71 -0.83
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 2.7 10.0 12.7 79.0 6.0 2.3 8.3 -0.71 -0.76
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 1.9 8.5 10.4 81.4 5.8 2.4 8.2 -0.64 -0.69
Male 3.2 11.9 15.1 75.5 6.0 3.4 9.4 -0.80 -0.90
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 3.2 12.1 15.3 72.6 7.2 4.9 12.1 -0.72 -0.87
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 3.6 13.1 16.7 75.6 5.2 2.6 7.8 -0.89 -0.98
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 2.7 10.3 13.0 79.0 5.5 2.5 8.0 -0.78 -0.85
Female 1.7 8.0 9.7 81.4 6.7 2.2 8.9 -0.58 -0.62
10.08-12.99 y (121-155 m) 2.3 10.3 12.6 78.1 7.2 2.2 9.3 -0.71 -0.79
13.0-15.99 y (156-191 m) 1.7 6.8 8.4 82.7 6.8 2.1 8.8 -0.52 -0.55
16.0-19.0 y (192-228 m) 1.0 6.5 7.5 84.0 6.1 2.4 8.5 -0.48 -0.53
Region
NCR 3.0 10.6 13.5 70.3 10.9 5.3 16.1 -0.50 -0.61
CAR 1.2 4.3 5.5 83.1 8.3 3.1 11.4 -0.31 -0.35
Ilocos 2.6 10.8 13.4 75.6 7.8 3.3 11.1 -0.68 -0.84
Cagayan Valley 1.8 10.9 12.7 77.2 7.2 2.9 10.1 -0.66 -0.72
Central Luzon 3.6 10.2 13.8 73.6 8.6 4.1 12.7 -0.64 -0.74
CALABARZON 3.0 10.9 13.9 74.4 7.5 4.2 11.8 -0.63 -0.73
MIMAROPA 1.9 12.0 14.0 81.9 2.9 1.2 4.1 -0.91 -0.93
Bicol 2.7 13.0 15.7 80.8 2.9 0.6 3.6 -1.00 -0.99
Western Visayas 2.7 12.3 15.0 78.4 4.5 2.1 6.6 -0.86 -0.92
Central Visayas 2.1 10.1 12.2 80.7 5.0 2.1 7.1 -0.75 -0.83
Eastern Visayas 2.1 9.3 11.4 83.0 4.2 1.5 5.7 -0.77 -0.80
Davao 1.9 7.3 9.2 83.6 5.6 1.7 7.2 -0.64 -0.68
SOCCSKSARGEN 1.4 8.2 9.7 83.0 5.4 2.0 7.4 -0.64 -0.69
ARMM 2.1 7.5 9.6 86.0 3.1 1.3 4.3 -0.69 -0.70
Caraga 1.4 6.4 7.8 86.7 4.0 1.5 5.5 -0.66 -0.69

As shown in Figure 28, stunting was more prominent among adolescents 16 to 19 years old
(33.5%), with higher rates among males (33.3%) than females (30.4). Disparities among urban and
rural areas (27.3% vs. 36.1%, respectively), as well as the poorest and richest households (49.4% vs.
16.1%, respectively), were noticeable. Generally, stunting prevalence decreased as wealth quintile
increased, and this trend was also true for both urban and rural areas (Figure 29).
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 28. Prevalence of stunting among children 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months), by age
group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
Prevalence %
Figure 29. Prevalence of stunting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228
months), by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015

Table 41. Percent distribution of children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months) by height-for-age
Height-for-Age (%)
Moderately
Severely Stunted/ Median
Residence/Wealth Stunted/ Mean z-
Quintile Under- scores
height
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Philippines 7.2 24.7 31.9 67.9 0.2 -1.54 -1.55
Poorest 14.8 34.6 49.4 50.5 0.1 -2.01 -1.99
Poor 8.0 29.6 37.6 62.3 0.1 -1.73 -1.73
Middle 6.1 23.7 29.8 70.0 0.2 -1.52 -1.49
Rich 3.9 19.1 23.0 76.7 0.3 -1.31 -1.33
Richest 2.2 13.9 16.1 83.4 0.5 -1.02 -1.04
Urban 5.4 21.9 27.3 72.4 0.4 -1.39 -1.41
Poorest 13.9 36.8 50.6 49.1 0.2 -1.97 -2.02
Poor 8.4 30.4 38.8 61.1 0.1 -1.74 -1.76
Middle 6.2 23.6 29.8 70.0 0.3 -1.53 -1.49
Rich 3.8 19.6 23.4 76.2 0.4 -1.30 -1.33
Richest 2.4 13.9 16.3 83.1 0.7 -1.01 -1.03
Rural 8.9 27.2 36.1 63.8 0.1 -1.67 -1.66
Poorest 15.0 34.2 49.2 50.8 0.1 -2.02 -1.99
Poor 7.8 29.3 37.0 62.9 0.1 -1.72 -1.72
Middle 6.0 23.9 29.9 70.0 0.1 -1.51 -1.49
Rich 4.2 18.0 22.2 77.7 0.2 -1.31 -1.33
Richest 1.9 13.7 15.6 84.3 0.1 -1.05 -1.06
At the regional level, ARMM continues to have the highest prevalence of stunting, which
increased from 42.6% in 2013 to 44.9% in 2015 (Figure 30). Posting an increase in prevalence
between 2013 and 2015 (from 40.7% to 42.3%) was also Eastern Visayas that experiences stunting as
a public health problem of high significance. SOCCSKSARGEN, while exhibiting a slight decrease in
prevalence from 41.9% to 41.1% within the last two years, ranked as the third region with the highest
stunting rates.
Prevalence %
*Significant between 2011 and 2013 at p-value ≤0.05

Figure 30. Prevalence of stunting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months),

Among provinces, Lanao del Sur, Sarangani, and Basilan recorded the highest prevalence of
stunting at 51.5%, 48.6%, and 47.7%, respectively, (Appendix 25) which were significantly higher
than the national average. Regions with better height-for-age indices (HFA) included Central Luzon
(77.7%), Ilocos (77.3%), and NCR (75.0%) (Table 39).
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 31. Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months), using BMI-
for-age, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
Prevalence %
Figure 32. Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228
months), using BMI-for-age, by place of residence and wealth quintile:
Philippines, 2015

Table 42. Percent distribution of children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months) by BMI-for-age
BMI-for-Age (%)
Modera-
Residence/ Severely Over- Mean Median
tely Wasted/ Over-
Wealth Wasted/ Normal Obese weight/ z- z-
Wasted/ Thin* weight
Quintile Thin Obese* scores scores
Thin
<-3SD < -2SD >+3SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD +3SD
Philippines 2.5 10.0 12.5 78.3 6.3 2.8 9.2 -0.69 -0.76
Poorest 2.2 10.7 12.9 84.5 2.1 0.5 2.6 -0.92 -0.90
Poor 2.6 10.9 13.5 81.9 3.5 1.1 4.6 -0.87 -0.90
Middle 2.8 10.6 13.4 78.8 5.9 2.0 7.8 -0.77 -0.83
Rich 3.1 9.8 12.9 74.7 8.8 3.6 12.4 -0.60 -0.67
Richest 1.5 7.7 9.2 69.7 13.0 8.1 21.1 -0.18 -0.29
Urban 2.8 10.1 12.9 74.7 8.3 4.1 12.4 -0.59 -0.69
Poorest 3.0 13.0 16.0 81.1 2.5 0.3 2.8 -0.99 -0.95
Poor 3.1 11.6 14.7 80.3 3.5 1.5 5.0 -0.90 -0.96
Middle 3.2 11.0 14.2 76.6 6.7 2.5 9.2 -0.75 -0.83
Rich 3.4 10.2 13.6 73.1 9.4 3.9 13.3 -0.58 -0.64
Richest 1.5 7.9 9.3 69.7 12.9 8.0 21.0 -0.18 -0.30
Rural 2.2 9.9 12.1 81.6 4.6 1.7 6.3 -0.78 -0.82
Poorest 2.1 10.2 12.3 85.2 2.0 0.5 2.5 -0.91 -0.89
Poor 2.2 10.6 12.9 82.7 3.5 0.9 4.4 -0.86 -0.87
Middle 2.5 10.0 12.5 81.1 5.0 1.4 6.4 -0.79 -0.83
Rich 2.5 9.2 11.7 77.7 7.6 3.1 10.6 -0.64 -0.71
Richest 1.6 7.2 8.8 69.7 13.3 8.2 21.5 -0.16 -0.28
Prevalence %
Figure 33. Prevalence of wasting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months),

Meanwhile, the prevalence of wasting/thinness was still more evident in younger adolescents
(14% among 10- to 12-year-old children). Apart from this, wasting manifested similar patterns as
stunting, with higher rates among males (15.1%), and slightly higher prevalence in urban (12.9%)
compared to rural areas (12.1%) (Figures 31-32). It also registered 12.9% prevalence among the
poorest quintile (Figure 31 & 32). Among regions, Bicol region (15.7%), Western Visayas (15.0%),
and MIMAROPA (14%) posted the highest wasting prevalence (Figure 33 & Table 40).
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
using BMI-for-age, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
Prevalence %
using BMI-for-age, by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015

Prevalence %
Figure 36. Prevalence of overweight/obesity among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228
The prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents was computed at 9.2%, mostly

attributed to pre-adolescent males and females, 10 to 12 years of age. The highest rate of
overweight/obesity, however, was seen among males, 10 to 12.99 years old (Figure 34), among those
residing in urban areas (12.4%), and those belonging to the wealthiest quintile (21.1%) (Figure 35).
Among regions, NCR (16.1%), CAR (12.7%), and CALABARZON (11.8%) recorded the highest
rates of overweight/obesity (Figure 36 & Table 40).
As in the case of younger age groups, an increasing trend was observed in stunting prevalence
among adolescent children, indicating the pervasive problem of chronic malnutrition in the country
(Figure 34). The current trend in wasting reflects minor variation for the past five years, but
nonetheless points towards a slow, steady increase. Overweight/obesity prevalence has been
consistently increasing and has almost doubled since 2003 (Figure 37). Average annual decrease in
stunting was computed at 0.57 percentage point, while wasting and overweight/obesity have an
average annual increase of 0.15 and 0.36 percentage points, respectively.
Prevalence %
Figure 37. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among children, 10.08 to 19.0
years old (121 to 228 months): Philippines, 2003-2015

3.5 Nutritional Status of Adults, 20.0 years old and over
The distribution of the nutritional status of adults 20 years old and over by sex and region are
presented in Table 43.
The prevalence of CED for this age group was at 10.3 percent while overweight/obese was at
31.1 percent which was thrice as much as the prevalence of CED. Overweight is more common in this
age group particularly among females than males. Between 2013 and 2015, CED and overweight rates
among the males and females had not changed (Figures 38-39).
ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 38. Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, using WHO-BMI classification, by
age group and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

ALL
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 39. Prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults, 20.0 years old and over, using WHO
BMI classification, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
The double burden of malnutrition was evident among adults, 20.0 years old and over,
although overnutrition was notably higher among urban residents compared to their rural counterparts.
As predicted, overweight and obesity rates were found to be directly related to wealth quintile (Figure
40 and Table 44).

Table 43. Mean and Median BMI and percent distribution of BMI among adults, 20.0 years old and over,
by sex, age group, and region using WHO BMI Classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 82,821)
BMI (%)
Chronic Over-
Over-
Energy Normal Obese weight/
Disaggregation/ Variable weight Mean Median
Deficient Obese*
BMI BMI
-2SD to >+2SD to
<-2SD >+3SD >+2SD
+2SD +3SD
Sex/Age Group
All 10.3 58.7 24.2 6.9 31.1 23.34 22.81
20.0-29.99y 13.6 65.6 16.0 4.7 20.8 22.31 21.57
30.0-39.99y 7.0 59.3 25.8 7.9 33.7 23.76 23.19
40-49.99y 6.0 54.9 30.0 9.1 39.1 24.25 23.80
50-59.99y 9.0 54.6 28.9 7.5 36.4 23.82 23.49
60-69.99 14.0 55.9 24.4 5.7 30.1 23.01 22.71
>=70.0 23.1 58.1 15.5 3.3 18.8 21.56 21.11
Male 10.0 63.2 21.8 5.0 26.8 22.93 22.37
20.0-29.99y 12.0 68.0 15.8 4.2 19.9 22.28 21.57
30.0-39.99y 7.0 63.2 24.0 5.8 29.8 23.34 22.76
40-49.99y 6.3 60.6 26.6 6.5 33.1 23.68 23.12
50-59.99y 9.3 60.5 25.1 5.2 30.3 23.23 22.81
60-69.99 14.7 60.4 21.8 3.0 24.9 22.44 22.05
>=70.0 23.2 62.3 12.6 1.9 14.5 21.17 20.66
Female 10.5 54.3 26.5 8.7 35.2 23.73 23.28
20.0-29.99y 15.5 62.7 16.4 5.4 21.8 22.35 21.59
30.0-39.99y 6.9 55.4 27.7 10.0 37.7 24.20 23.72
40-49.99y 5.8 49.6 33.1 11.5 44.6 24.77 24.41
50-59.99y 8.7 49.5 32.2 9.6 41.8 24.34 24.15
60-69.99 13.3 52.1 26.7 7.9 34.6 23.50 23.27
>=70.0 23.0 55.3 17.5 4.3 21.8 21.83 21.45
Region
NCR 9.3 53.0 28.0 9.7 37.7 24.02 23.59
CAR 5.8 58.8 27.6 7.8 35.4 23.88 23.32
Ilocos 11.9 60.6 22.7 4.8 27.6 22.90 22.40
Cagayan Valley 11.3 63.1 20.8 4.8 25.6 22.74 22.21
Central Luzon 10.2 57.1 25.6 7.1 32.7 23.52 23.05
CALABARZON 10.1 55.8 25.8 8.4 34.2 23.68 23.20
MIMAROPA 13.3 62.8 18.5 5.4 23.9 22.57 22.02
Bicol 11.7 63.1 20.7 4.5 25.2 22.71 22.15
Western Visayas 14.0 62.5 19.2 4.3 23.5 22.54 22.02
Central Visayas 10.3 60.3 23.3 6.1 29.4 23.30 22.75
Eastern Visayas 8.3 59.1 25.4 7.2 32.6 23.53 23.00
Zamboanga Peninsula 10.1 60.2 23.7 6.0 29.7 23.17 22.55
Northern Mindanao 8.4 58.7 25.1 7.9 33.0 23.65 23.12
Davao 8.0 57.3 27.3 7.4 34.7 23.74 23.21
SOCCSKSARGEN 11.0 61.5 22.1 5.4 27.5 22.97 22.41
ARMM 10.2 64.2 20.0 5.6 25.6 22.78 21.98
Caraga 7.7 60.8 24.5 7.0 31.5 23.51 22.96

Table 44. Percent distribution, mean, and median BMI among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by place of
residence, and wealth quintile using WHO BMI Classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 82,821)
BMI (%)
Chronic Over-
Residence/Wealth Over-
Energy Normal Obese weight/
Quintile weight Mean Median
Deficient Obese*
BMI BMI
-2SD to >+2SD to
< -2SD >+3SD >+2SD
+2SD +3SD
Philippines 10.3 58.7 24.2 6.9 31.1 23.34 22.81
Poorest 14.9 68.5 13.9 2.7 16.6 21.78 21.22
Poor 12.3 64.2 19.0 4.5 23.5 22.58 22.05
Middle 11.5 58.7 24.0 5.8 29.8 23.12 22.70
Rich 8.4 54.6 28.5 8.5 37.0 23.96 23.54
Richest 5.8 50.5 32.3 11.4 43.7 24.75 24.33
Urban 9.5 54.8 26.9 8.8 35.7 23.82 23.36
Poorest 15.3 64.0 16.5 4.2 20.7 22.14 21.47
Poor 14.0 61.3 19.2 5.5 24.7 22.62 22.01
Middle 12.3 57.1 24.0 6.6 30.7 23.18 22.76
Rich 8.8 53.8 28.4 9.0 37.5 24.01 23.58
Richest 5.9 50.3 32.0 11.9 43.9 24.78 24.35
Rural 11.0 62.7 21.3 4.9 26.2 22.83 22.28
Poorest 14.8 69.5 13.4 2.3 15.7 21.71 21.16
Poor 11.5 65.6 18.9 4.0 22.9 22.56 22.06
Middle 10.6 60.4 24.0 5.0 29.0 23.06 22.64
Rich 7.6 56.1 28.6 7.6 36.2 23.85 23.47
Richest 5.5 51.2 33.3 10.0 43.3 24.63 24.26
CED
Prevalence %
OVERWEIGHT/OBESE
Prevalence %
Figure 40. Prevalence of CED and overweight/obesity among adults 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO BMI classification, by place of residence and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015

Regions most at-risk to overnutrition were NCR (37.7%), CAR (35.4%), Davao (34.7%),
CALABARZON (34.2%) and Northern Mindanao (33.0%). On the other hand, CED was more
prevalent in the regions of Western Visayas (14.0%), MIMAROPA (13.3%), Ilocos (11.9%), Bicol
(11.7%), Cagayan Valley (11.3%) and SOCCSKSARGEN (11.0%) (Figures 41-42).
Prevalence %
Figure 41. Prevalence of CED among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO BMI
classification, and by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
Prevalence %
Figure 42. Prevalence of overweight/obesity among, adults 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO BMI classification, and by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

Figure 43 illustrates the trend of malnutrition among adults. Undernutrition among adults, as
reflected by Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) prevalence, has been declining since 1993; however,
the 2015 survey results show a slight increase in CED prevalence. Though evidently lower than
overnutrition, the rates of undernutrition denotes that it is still a public health problem of medium
magnitude and severity.
On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults has almost increased
two-fold since 1993 at an average annual increase of 0.66 percentage point. The constant increase in
prevalence resulted in overweight/obesity rates remarkably rising to thrice the rate of CED in 2013.
Current rates indicate that one out of 10 Filipino adults are undernourished while three out of 10 are
overweight and obese (Figure 43).
Prevalence %
Figure 43. Trends in the prevalence of malnutrition among adults, 20.0 years old and over:

3.5.1 Obesity among Adults, 20.0 years old and over
Abdominal obesity is one way of determining risks for non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, among others. It is
one of the ways to classify obesity apart from determining BMI. Measurement of android obesity or
accumulation of fat in the abdominal area can be obtained through anthropometric measures, namely,
Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR). As waist circumference and waist-hip ratio
increase, risk to metabolic syndrome also increase.
3.5.1.1 High Waist Circumference among Adults, 20.0 years old and over
Obesity, as measured by high WC, was observed to be steadily increasing in the past years,
declining only in the current survey for both males and females (Figure 44). Still, it is noted that WC
measurements were particularly higher among female adults and among adults aged 40 to 69 years,
peaking at age 50 to 59 (Table 45 and Figure 45). The average waist circumference for males was
78.7 cm while 77.5 cm for females, which were lower than the 2013 averages (80.4 cm and 79.3 cm,
respectively) (Table 45).
Prevalence %
Figure 44. Trends in the prevalence of high WC among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex:

Table 45. Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adults, 20.0 years old
and over, by sex and age group: Philippines, 2015 (n = 83,057)
Mean Distribution by various levels* of WC
Disaggregation/ Variable n WC <90.0/80.0 90-101/ 80-87 ≥102/88
(cm) % SE % SE % SE
Male 40,544 78.7 83.2 0.24 13.8 0.21 3.0 0.10
20-29 years old 9,267 74.9 91.7 0.35 6.4 0.30 1.9 0.17
30-39 years old 7,927 79.0 84.5 0.44 13.0 0.42 2.5 0.20
40-49 years old 8,822 81.1 78.2 0.50 18.0 0.46 3.8 0.23
50-59 years old 7,537 81.2 76.7 0.55 18.9 0.50 4.4 0.27
60-69 years old 4,648 80.4 77.4 0.68 19.1 0.64 3.5 0.30
70 years old and over 2,343 76.5 84.9 0.81 12.2 0.74 2.9 0.38
Female 42,513 77.5 58.9 0.30 22.6 0.22 18.5 0.24
20-29 years old 7,247 72.7 77.8 0.55 13.9 0.44 8.2 0.36
30-39 years old 7,661 77.7 59.9 0.64 22.7 0.51 17.4 0.51
40-49 years old 9,457 79.8 51.6 0.57 26.5 0.50 22.0 0.49
50-59 years old 8,807 80.2 48.1 0.60 27.2 0.51 24.7 0.53
60-69 years old 5,675 79.4 50.2 0.73 25.6 0.63 24.2 0.63
*WHO Classification
Prevalence %
Age in years
MALE FEMALE
Figure 45. Prevalence of high WC among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on WHO
Among regions, NCR has the highest mean waist circumference, particularly among males
(81.6 cm) as against females (79.1 cm), followed by CALABARZON (Male: 80.8 cm; Female: 78.6
cm), and Central Luzon (Male: 80.1 cm; Female: 78.9 cm) (Figure 46).
Mean (cm)
Figure 46. Mean waist circumference among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex and region:
Philippines, 2015

Table 46. Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adult males, 20.0 years
old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 40,238)
Mean Distribution by various levels of WC

95% C.I.
Disaggregation/ Variable n WC <90.0 cm 90 to 101 cm ≥102 cm
(cm) LL UL % S.E. % S.E. % S.E.
Residence/Wealth Quintile
Philippines 40,238 78.7 78.6 78.9 83.2 0.2 13.8 0.2 3.0 0.1
Poorest 8,577 73.0 72.8 73.3 95.6 0.24 3.8 0.23 0.6 0.09
Poor 8,835 76.0 75.8 76.3 91.1 0.32 7.6 0.29 1.2 0.12
Middle 8,474 78.0 77.7 78.2 85.7 0.42 12.4 0.39 1.9 0.16
Rich 7,475 81.2 80.9 81.6 77.6 0.54 18.6 0.51 3.8 0.24
Richest 6,877 85.0 84.7 85.4 66.6 0.66 25.8 0.58 7.5 0.36
Urban 16,662 80.7 80.4 80.9 78.2 0.39 17.4 0.34 4.4 0.18
Poorest 1,296 74.1 73.5 74.7 94.6 0.66 4.7 0.61 0.7 0.24
Poor 2,466 76.3 75.8 76.8 89.6 0.67 8.5 0.60 1.9 0.27
Middle 3,667 78.3 77.8 78.7 84.7 0.66 13.0 0.61 2.2 0.25
Rich 4,375 81.4 80.9 81.8 77.1 0.72 18.6 0.67 4.3 0.33
Richest 4,858 85.0 84.6 85.5 66.3 0.79 25.9 0.69 7.8 0.43
Rural 23,576 76.9 76.7 77.1 88.0 0.27 10.3 0.24 1.7 0.09
Poorest 7,281 72.8 72.6 73.1 95.9 0.26 3.6 0.25 0.6 0.09
Poor 6,369 75.9 75.6 76.2 91.9 0.36 7.2 0.32 0.9 0.13
Middle 4,807 77.7 77.3 78.0 86.7 0.53 11.8 0.50 1.6 0.18
Rich 3,100 81.0 80.6 81.5 78.5 0.79 18.6 0.73 2.9 0.31
Richest 2,019 84.9 84.3 85.5 67.7 1.10 25.6 1.03 6.7 0.60
Region
NCR 3,544 81.6 81.1 82.1 74.9 0.78 19.7 0.67 5.5 0.41
CAR 1,592 78.2 77.3 79.1 85.7 1.13 12.7 1.06 1.6 0.32
Ilocos 2,559 78.4 77.8 78.9 84.4 0.78 13.5 0.71 2.1 0.30
Cagayan Valley 2,532 77.5 76.9 78.1 87.6 0.82 10.7 0.72 1.7 0.30
Central Luzon 3,405 80.1 79.6 80.6 80.4 0.79 16.3 0.71 3.3 0.32
CALABARZON 4,027 80.8 80.3 81.3 78.5 0.79 17.3 0.66 4.2 0.34
MIMAROPA 1,251 76.9 76.1 77.8 87.9 1.13 9.4 0.95 2.8 0.48
Bicol 2,636 77.2 76.6 77.8 88.4 0.69 9.4 0.62 2.2 0.30
Western Visayas 3,066 75.8 75.3 76.4 89.2 0.67 9.2 0.61 1.6 0.23
Central Visayas 2,520 78.0 77.4 78.6 84.0 0.85 13.3 0.76 2.8 0.36
Eastern Visayas 2,448 78.0 77.4 78.6 85.2 0.96 12.3 0.84 2.4 0.33
Zamboanga Peninsula 1,577 77.0 76.2 77.9 86.1 1.15 11.7 0.98 2.2 0.45
Northern Mindanao 1,833 77.9 77.3 78.5 85.7 1.03 11.3 0.90 3.0 0.52
Davao 2,080 79.4 78.8 80.0 82.5 0.92 14.7 0.90 2.8 0.43
SOCCSKSARGEN 2,147 76.8 76.2 77.4 88.4 0.74 9.9 0.67 1.7 0.27
ARMM 1,512 75.1 74.0 76.1 91.6 0.88 6.8 0.82 1.6 0.27
Caraga 1,815 77.7 76.9 78.4 85.4 0.93 12.5 0.84 2.0 0.37

Table 47. Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adult females, 20.0
years old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n =
42,464)
Distribution by various levels of WC

Mean 95% C.I.
Disaggregation/ Variable n WC
<80 cm 80 to 87 cm >88 cm
(cm)
LL UL % S.E. % S.E. % S.E.
Philippines 42,464 77.5 77.3 77.6 58.9 0.30 22.6 0.22 18.5 0.24
Poorest 7,490 73.2 72.9 73.6 73.8 0.57 15.8 0.43 10.4 0.46
Poor 8,586 75.8 75.5 76.1 65.1 0.59 20.3 0.47 14.6 0.42
Middle 8,611 77.3 77.0 77.6 59.3 0.62 22.8 0.50 17.9 0.45
Rich 8,578 78.9 78.6 79.2 53.6 0.61 24.7 0.49 21.7 0.50
Richest 9,199 80.1 79.8 80.4 49.9 0.67 26.0 0.52 24.1 0.52
Urban 19,264 78.7 78.5 78.9 54.1 0.45 24.2 0.34 21.7 0.37
Poorest 1,213 74.6 73.6 75.6 67.3 1.60 19.6 1.19 13.1 1.40
Poor 2,514 76.2 75.6 76.8 62.6 1.16 20.9 0.87 16.5 0.86
Middle 3,782 77.7 77.3 78.2 57.6 0.90 23.0 0.74 19.4 0.70
Rich 5,167 79.3 78.9 79.7 52.2 0.80 24.9 0.62 22.9 0.65
Richest 6,588 80.2 79.8 80.6 49.2 0.80 25.9 0.61 25.0 0.62
Rural 23,200 76.0 75.8 76.3 64.3 0.40 20.8 0.29 15.0 0.29
Poorest 6,277 72.9 72.6 73.3 75.2 0.60 15.0 0.47 9.8 0.42
Poor 6,072 75.6 75.2 75.9 66.4 0.67 20.0 0.55 13.6 0.46
Middle 4,829 76.8 76.4 77.3 61.0 0.83 22.6 0.66 16.4 0.57
Rich 3,411 78.1 77.7 78.6 56.4 0.92 24.3 0.79 19.3 0.76
Richest 2,611 79.7 79.2 80.2 52.5 1.16 26.4 0.95 21.1 0.92
Region
NCR 4,142 79.1 78.7 79.6 52.2 0.90 25.4 0.70 22.4 0.77
CAR 1,611 76.8 75.9 77.7 60.7 1.72 22.4 1.23 16.9 1.31
Ilocos 2,496 76.3 75.8 76.8 63.2 0.99 23.1 0.83 13.7 0.80
Cagayan Valley 2,310 75.5 74.9 76.1 65.8 1.19 22.2 0.98 12.0 0.84
Central Luzon 3,805 78.9 78.4 79.4 54.8 0.90 23.9 0.68 21.3 0.78
CALABARZON 4,602 78.6 78.1 79.1 54.8 0.96 23.7 0.69 21.5 0.74
MIMAROPA 1,255 75.5 74.7 76.3 66.5 1.46 18.5 1.10 15.1 1.14
Bicol 2,653 75.8 75.2 76.5 63.8 1.13 20.2 0.82 16.0 0.87
Western Visayas 3,093 74.5 73.9 75.2 67.4 1.17 19.8 0.83 12.8 0.72
Central Visayas 2,777 76.6 75.9 77.2 63.1 1.12 20.6 0.79 16.3 0.85
Eastern Visayas 2,370 77.9 77.2 78.6 57.3 1.23 23.8 0.91 18.9 0.96
Davao 2,211 78.1 77.4 78.7 57.1 1.32 23.2 0.99 19.7 1.03
SOCCSKSARGEN 2,030 75.7 75.0 76.3 65.5 1.25 18.0 1.00 16.5 0.78
ARMM 1,404 77.0 76.1 77.8 61.8 1.60 20.6 1.07 17.5 1.55
Caraga 1,950 77.8 77.1 78.4 58.2 1.21 22.8 0.82 19.0 0.94

3.5.1.2 High Waist to Hip Ratio among Adults, 20.0 years old and over
Central obesity is a major risk factor in the development of NCDs, which are one of the
leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the country. More than half of the female adult
population exhibited high WHR, which is suggestive of android obesity. Those with high WHR had
almost doubled from 39.5% in 1998 to 63.2% in 2013, and had decreased to 57.9% in 2015. Males
with high WHR had decreased from 8.0% in 2013 to 7.1% in 2015, while females with high WHR
had also decreased from 63.2% in 2013 to 57.9% in 2015 (Figure 47).
Prevalence %
Figure 47. Trends in the prevalence of high WHR among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex:
Table 48. Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percent distribution of WHR among adults, 20.0 years old
and over, by sex and age group: Philippines, 2015 (n = 83,050)
% Distribution by various levels of WHR

Mean <0.9/ 0.9 to 0.99/ >1.0/
Disaggregation/ Variable n
WHR 0.8 0.8 to 0.84 0.85
% SE % SE % SE
Male 40,541 0.90 54.1 0.35 38.9 0.31 7.1 0.14
20-29 years old 9,267 0.86 75.5 0.53 22.6 0.51 1.9 0.16
30-39 years old 7,927 0.89 57.0 0.64 38.3 0.61 4.7 0.27
40-49 years old 8,821 0.91 44.1 0.62 47.2 0.62 8.7 0.34
50-59 years old 7,537 0.92 39.4 0.65 48.7 0.66 11.8 0.40
60-69 years old 4,647 0.92 38.7 0.77 47.8 0.79 13.5 0.57
Female 42,509 0.87 17.1 0.24 24.9 0.25 57.9 0.33
20-29 years old 7,247 0.84 29.9 0.62 31.9 0.60 38.1 0.67
30-39 years old 7,661 0.86 15.8 0.46 27.4 0.56 56.8 0.64
40-49 years old 9,455 0.87 11.7 0.38 22.6 0.47 65.7 0.57
50-59 years old 8,805 0.88 11.7 0.37 20.2 0.46 68.1 0.57
60-69 years old 5,675 0.88 13.4 0.49 19.4 0.54 67.2 0.67
*WHO Classification

MALE
Prevalence %
FEMALE
Age in years
Figure 48. Prevalence of high WHR among adults, 20.0 years old and over, based on
WHO classification, by age group and sex: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
Generally, high WHR prevalence among males and females declined across age groups from
2013 to 2015 (Figure 48). Mean waist-hip ratio was similar across regions, ranging from 0.87 to 0.91
among males and 0.86 to 0.87 among females (Tables 49 and 50), with NCR, Central Luzon, and
CALABARZON still having the highest mean WHR for both males and females (Figure 49).
Mean WHR
Figure 49. Mean waist-hip ratio among adults, 20.0 years old and over, by sex and region: Philippines,
2015

Table 49. Mean waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percent distribution of WHR among adult males, 20.0 years
old and over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 40,235)
Distribution by various levels of WHR

Mean 95% C.I.
Disaggregation/ Variable n <0.9 0.9 to 0.99 >1.0
WHR
LL UL % S.E. % S.E. % S.E.
Philippines 40,235 0.90 0.90 0.90 54.1 0.35 38.9 0.31 7.1 0.14
Poorest 8,577 0.87 0.87 0.87 73.6 0.60 24.2 0.56 2.2 0.18
Poor 8,834 0.88 0.88 0.89 62.3 0.59 33.7 0.58 4.0 0.22
Middle 8,474 0.89 0.89 0.90 54.9 0.61 38.8 0.59 6.3 0.28
Rich 7,474 0.91 0.91 0.91 45.8 0.72 45.0 0.66 9.2 0.35
Richest 6,876 0.93 0.92 0.93 35.0 0.67 51.6 0.66 13.4 0.44
Urban 16,661 0.91 0.91 0.91 47.6 0.50 43.4 0.45 9.0 0.24
Poorest 1,296 0.87 0.87 0.88 69.4 1.39 27.9 1.34 2.7 0.52
Poor 2,466 0.89 0.88 0.89 60.6 1.13 34.4 1.11 5.0 0.47
Middle 3,667 0.90 0.89 0.90 53.9 0.93 39.5 0.90 6.6 0.44
Rich 4,375 0.91 0.91 0.91 45.3 0.95 45.4 0.86 9.3 0.45
Richest 4,857 0.93 0.92 0.93 35.0 0.79 51.5 0.77 13.5 0.51
Rural 23,574 0.89 0.89 0.89 60.3 0.48 34.5 0.42 5.2 0.17
Poorest 7,281 0.87 0.86 0.87 74.4 0.64 23.5 0.60 2.1 0.18
Poor 6,368 0.88 0.88 0.88 63.1 0.70 33.4 0.68 3.5 0.24
Middle 4,807 0.89 0.89 0.90 56.0 0.81 38.1 0.75 6.0 0.35
Rich 3,099 0.91 0.91 0.91 46.9 1.07 44.2 1.00 8.9 0.54
Richest 2,019 0.93 0.92 0.93 35.0 1.22 51.8 1.22 13.2 0.87
Region
NCR 3,543 0.91 0.91 0.91 45.1 0.94 44.7 0.88 10.2 0.50
CAR 1,592 0.89 0.89 0.90 57.0 1.64 37.8 1.54 5.2 0.53
Ilocos 2,559 0.89 0.89 0.90 55.0 1.26 39.2 1.14 5.8 0.49
Cagayan Valley 2,532 0.89 0.89 0.89 58.5 1.30 35.2 1.12 6.3 0.49
Central Luzon 3,405 0.91 0.90 0.91 47.9 0.97 43.4 0.85 8.7 0.51
CALABARZON 4,027 0.91 0.91 0.91 46.1 1.03 44.5 0.97 9.4 0.46
MIMAROPA 1,251 0.89 0.88 0.89 61.2 1.86 34.4 1.71 4.4 0.56
Bicol 2,634 0.89 0.89 0.89 58.2 1.15 36.5 1.08 5.3 0.42
Western Visayas 3,066 0.89 0.88 0.89 59.5 1.13 35.1 1.00 5.4 0.43
Central Visayas 2,520 0.89 0.89 0.90 57.4 1.23 35.9 1.04 6.7 0.61
Eastern Visayas 2,448 0.89 0.88 0.89 59.2 1.44 35.4 1.27 5.4 0.58
Davao 2,080 0.90 0.90 0.90 53.1 1.26 39.5 1.11 7.3 0.50
SOCCSKSARGEN 2,147 0.88 0.88 0.89 62.5 1.29 33.2 1.19 4.4 0.47
ARMM 1,512 0.87 0.86 0.88 70.8 2.28 26.5 2.11 2.6 0.48
Caraga 1,815 0.89 0.89 0.89 58.9 1.52 35.1 1.38 6.1 0.49

Table 50. Mean waist-hip ratio and percent distribution of WHR among adult females, 20.0 years old and
over, by place of residence, wealth quintile, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 42,195)
Distribution by various levels of WHR

95% C.I.
Mean
Disaggregation/ Variable n <0.8 0.8 to 0.84 >0.85
WHR
LL UL % S.E. % S.E. % S.E.
Philippines 42,195 0.87 0.86 0.87 17.1 0.2 24.9 0.2 57.9 0.3
Poorest 7,428 0.85 0.85 0.85 23.3 0.59 28.5 0.60 48.2 0.75
Poor 8,536 0.86 0.86 0.86 18.6 0.49 26.4 0.51 55.0 0.60
Middle 8,554 0.87 0.86 0.87 17.3 0.49 24.4 0.50 58.3 0.62
Rich 8,524 0.87 0.87 0.87 14.9 0.45 23.7 0.51 61.4 0.62
Richest 9,153 0.87 0.87 0.87 14.1 0.48 23.4 0.49 62.5 0.66
Urban 19,146 0.87 0.87 0.87 15.6 0.35 23.8 0.36 60.6 0.49
Poorest 1,204 0.85 0.85 0.86 20.7 1.26 29.7 1.45 49.5 1.55
Poor 2,499 0.86 0.86 0.87 18.1 0.91 25.2 0.95 56.7 1.16
Middle 3,759 0.87 0.86 0.87 16.9 0.74 24.0 0.74 59.1 0.90
Rich 5,137 0.87 0.87 0.88 14.4 0.57 22.9 0.66 62.7 0.80
Richest 6,547 0.87 0.87 0.87 14.2 0.58 23.1 0.57 62.6 0.78
Rural 23,049 0.86 0.86 0.86 18.9 0.33 26.2 0.33 55.0 0.43
Poorest 6,224 0.85 0.85 0.85 23.9 0.66 28.2 0.66 47.9 0.84
Poor 6,037 0.86 0.86 0.86 18.8 0.57 27.0 0.66 54.1 0.70
Middle 4,795 0.86 0.86 0.87 17.8 0.64 24.7 0.68 57.5 0.84
Rich 3,387 0.87 0.86 0.87 15.9 0.73 25.1 0.68 58.9 0.95
Richest 2,606 0.87 0.87 0.87 13.8 0.79 24.0 0.92 62.1 1.12
Region
NCR 4,141 0.87 0.87 0.87 15.0 0.69 23.9 0.71 61.1 0.93
CAR 1,611 0.86 0.86 0.87 16.3 1.24 25.9 1.05 57.9 1.62
Ilocos 2,495 0.86 0.85 0.86 18.9 0.87 28.1 0.87 53.0 1.07
Cagayan Valley 2,310 0.85 0.85 0.85 20.7 1.09 29.3 0.93 49.9 1.28
Central Luzon 3,805 0.87 0.87 0.87 13.8 0.65 24.9 0.77 61.3 0.97
CALABARZON 4,602 0.87 0.87 0.88 15.6 0.70 21.9 0.78 62.5 1.05
MIMAROPA 1,255 0.86 0.85 0.86 21.3 1.26 29.3 1.57 49.4 1.69
Bicol 2,653 0.86 0.86 0.86 19.6 1.03 25.2 1.01 55.1 1.18
Western Visayas 3,092 0.86 0.85 0.86 22.6 1.00 25.6 0.83 51.8 1.12
Central Visayas 2,777 0.86 0.86 0.86 19.1 0.94 26.5 0.87 54.4 1.11
Eastern Visayas 2,370 0.86 0.86 0.87 18.2 0.91 24.6 1.04 57.2 1.35
Davao 2,211 0.87 0.87 0.87 15.3 0.91 23.2 1.02 61.5 1.48
SOCCSKSARGEN 2,029 0.86 0.86 0.86 19.6 0.94 27.6 1.02 52.9 1.34
ARMM 1,404 0.86 0.86 0.87 18.3 1.61 25.9 1.58 55.8 2.71
Caraga 1,950 0.87 0.87 0.87 14.0 0.82 24.0 1.04 62.0 1.17

3.6 Nutritional Status of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Although there has been a steady decrease in the proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant
women since 2005, that trend plateaued in 2015. Almost one-fourth (24.7%) of pregnant women were
still nutritionally at-risk of delivering low birth weight babies and likely to experience other
pregnancy complications due to not having the desirable weight in relation to their age of gestation
(Figure 50).
3.6.1 Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women
More adolescent pregnant women less than 20 years of age (39.7%) were nutritionally at-risk
of delivering low birth weight infants than those 20 years old and above (22.4%) (Figure 50).
Prevalence increased as pregnancy progressed to the third trimester and was higher among the poorest
quintile (30.0%) and those residing in urban areas (25.2%). (Tables 51-52).
Among regions, the proportion of pregnant women who were nutritionally at-risk was highest
in MIMAROPA (35.1%), Western Visayas (32.1%), and Zamboanga Peninsula (29.1%) while the
lowest was registered in Northern Mindanao (15.2%), Ilocos (16.2%), and Cagayan Valley (21.5%)
(Table 51).
Prevalence %
Figure 50. Proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by age group: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and
2015
The decrease in the proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women between 2013 and
2015 was noted in NCR, Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, CALABARZON, Bicol, Western Visayas, Northern
Mindanao, Davao, and ARMM. Meanwhile, an increase in prevalence was observed in CAR, Central
Luzon, MIMAROPA, Central Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Zamboanga Peninsula, SOCCSKSARGEN,
and Caraga (Figure 51).

Table 51. Percent distribution of pregnant women, by age group, months of pregnancy, and region using
weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 1,491)
Nutritional Status (%)
Not nutritionally
Disaggregation/ Variable Nutritionally at-risk
n at-risk
<P95th >P95th
Philippines 1,491 24.7 75.3
Age group
<20 years old 234 39.7 60.3
>20 years old 1,257 22.4 77.6
Months of Pregnancy
st
1 Trimester 267 23.7 76.3
nd
2 Trimester 614 25.3 74.7
rd
3 Trimester 610 24.4 75.6
Region
NCR 113 21.9 78.1
CAR 47 22.9 77.1
Ilocos 72 16.2 83.8
Cagayan Valley 77 21.5 78.5
Central Luzon 123 23.2 76.8
CALABARZON 148 27.2 72.8
MIMAROPA 47 35.1 64.9
Bicol 113 26.9 73.1
Western Visayas 92 32.1 67.9
Central Visayas 113 27.3 72.7
Eastern Visayas 99 23.1 76.9
Zamboanga Peninsula 61 29.1 70.9
Northern Mindanao 63 15.2 84.8
Davao 58 25.1 74.9
SOCCSKSARGEN 76 22.8 77.2
ARMM 112 22.3 77.7
Caraga 77 28.3 71.7
Prevalence %
Figure 51. Proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

Table 52. Percent distribution of pregnant women by nutritional status using weight-for-height
classification, by place of residence, and wealth quintile: Philippines, 2015 (n = 1,491)
Residence/ Nutritionally at-risk Not Nutritionally

Wealth Quintile (%) at-risk (%)
Philippines 24.7 75.3
Poorest 30.0 70.0
Poor 24.4 75.6
Middle 24.7 75.3
Rich 22.7 77.3
Richest 19.5 80.5
Urban 25.2 74.8
Poorest 37.4 62.6
Poor 24.4 75.6
Middle 30.0 70.0
Rich 22.1 77.9
Richest 19.9 80.1
Rural 24.2 75.8
Poorest 28.7 71.3
Poor 24.4 75.6
Middle 18.0 82.0
Rich 23.8 76.2
Richest 18.3 81.7
Figure 52 shows that after a peak in 2005, the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant
women continued to decrease, with a 3.7 percentage points reduction in the past ten years.
Prevalence %
Figure 52. Trends in the prevalence of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women based on weight-for-height:

3.6.2 Nutritional Status of Lactating Women
Among lactating mothers, 13.6 percent suffered from Chronic Energy

Deficiency/underweight while 22.4 percent were overweight/obese. CED/underweight (11.4%) was
more prevalent than overweight/obesity (10.9%) among those lactating who were below 20 years old.
On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight/obesity (23.2%) was higher than CED/underweight
(13.7%) among those who were 20 years old and over (Figure 53 and Table 53). CED was more
prominent among urban lactating mothers (14.2%) while overweight/obesity was higher among those
residing in rural areas (25.5%) (Table 54).
Among regions, the proportion of lactating mothers who were undernourished was highest in
MIMAROPA (19.3%) and Ilocos (19.3%). On the other hand, overweight and obesity rates were
highest in NCR (30.5%) and CAR (29.9%) (Figure 54 and Table 53).
Prevalence %
Figure 53. Prevalence of CED and overweight/obesity among lactating women based on BMI and
WHO Growth Reference, by age group: Philippines, 2011, 2013, and 2015
Significant improvement in the nutritional status of lactating mothers between 2013 and 2015 in
terms of CED prevalence was observed in CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, Bicol, Eastern Visayas,
Davao, SOCCSKSARGEN, ARMM, and Caraga. At the national level, overweight/obesity
prevalence increased between 2013 and 2015. General increase in overweight/obesity prevalence was
observed in the following regions: Ilocos, Cagayan Valley, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, Western
Visayas, Central Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Davao, and ARMM (Figures 54-55).
Prevalence %
Figure 54. Prevalence of CED among lactating women based on BMI and WHO Growth
Reference, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

Table 53. Percent distribution of lactating women, by age group and by region using weight-for-height
classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 4,005)

Disaggregation/ Variable n Underweight/ Overweight/
Normal Overweight Obese
CED Obese
Philippines 4,005 13.6 64.0 17.8 4.6 22.4
Age Group
<20 years old* 309 11.4 77.7 9.6 1.4 10.9
>20 years old** 3,696 13.7 63.1 18.4 4.8 23.2
Region
NCR 277 16.4 53.0 22.3 8.3 30.5
CAR 199 6.6 63.5 21.8 8.1 29.9
Ilocos 220 19.3 60.0 14.9 5.7 20.7
Cagayan Valley 210 15.8 62.1 19.7 2.4 22.0
Central Luzon 254 17.8 63.5 17.5 1.2 18.7
CALABARZON 324 11.0 65.2 18.4 5.5 23.8
MIMAROPA 157 19.3 64.4 12.5 3.8 16.3
Bicol 299 14.9 71.1 12.4 1.6 14.0
Western Visayas 317 17.8 64.2 15.1 2.8 17.9
Central Visayas 275 10.7 66.8 17.8 4.8 22.6
Eastern Visayas 259 10.5 64.7 19.6 5.2 24.8
Zamboanga Peninsula 156 12.0 67.9 16.3 3.8 20.0
Northern Mindanao 170 7.1 64.6 20.7 7.7 28.4
Davao 197 9.9 64.8 18.2 7.1 25.3
SOCCSKSARGEN 220 12.1 69.8 14.8 3.3 18.1
ARMM 305 10.4 66.2 18.2 5.2 23.5
Caraga 166 9.2 66.0 23.7 1.0 24.8
*Using BMI-for-age WHO Growth Reference
**Using BMI for adults

Table 54. Percent distribution of lactating women, by place of residence and wealth quintile, using
weight-for-height classification: Philippines, 2015 (n = 3,982)

Residence/Wealth Quintile n Underweight/ Overweight/
CED Obese
Philippines 3,982 13.6 64.0 17.8 4.6 22.4
Poorest 1,282 14.7 68.5 13.6 3.3 16.9
Poor 1,040 12.5 66.6 16.9 4.0 20.9
Middle 751 16.6 59.5 19.3 4.7 24.0
Rich 547 11.6 62.8 20.1 5.5 25.6
Richest 362 10.5 57.0 24.4 8.1 32.5
Urban 1,422 14.2 60.3 19.5 6.0 20.1
Poorest 187 17.6 63.7 15.0 3.7 18.7
Poor 312 11.8 64.8 18.1 5.3 23.3
Middle 339 19.9 55.3 19.3 5.4 24.8
Rich 335 11.1 63.4 19.4 6.1 25.5
Richest 249 11.8 56.4 22.9 8.9 31.7
Rural 2,560 13.1 66.8 16.6 3.6 25.5
Poorest 1,095 14.1 69.4 13.3 3.2 16.5
Poor 728 12.9 67.6 16.2 3.4 19.5
Middle 412 12.8 64.0 19.3 3.8 23.1
Rich 212 12.6 61.6 21.4 4.3 25.8
Richest 113 6.5 58.6 28.9 6.0 35.0
Prevalence %
Figure 55. Prevalence overweight/obesity among lactating women based on BMI and WHO
Growth Reference, by region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015

3.7 Birth weight of young children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months)
Birth weight is an important indication of the health status of the infant. It determines the
infant’s survival and physical and mental growth in the future. According to the World Health
Organization, infants with birth weight less than 2,500g have low birth weight (WHO, 2002). The
reduction in the proportion of low birth weight (LBW) among infants contributes to the reduction of
child mortality, which is included in the Millennium Development Goals.
Generally, children 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months) have mean birth weight of 3,001.8
grams. Table 55 shows that males posted higher mean birth weight (3,032.9 grams) than females
(2,968.4 grams).
Table 55. Mean birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months), by sex and
source of birth record: Philippines, 2015 (n = 13,070)
Mean Birth Weight (in grams)
Sex With Record Recalled All
n Mean n Mean n Mean
Philippines 5,818 2977.1 7,252 3022.7 13,070 3001.8

Males 3,022 3009.0 3,783 3053.1 6,805 3032.9
0-47 months 2,083 3014.2 2,468 3032.2 4,551 3023.8
48-71 months 939 2996.2 1,315 3097.5 2,254 3053.6
Females 2,796 2943.5 3,469 2989.9 6,265 2968.4
0-47 months 1971 2929.6 2,314 2972.7 4,285 2952.3
48-71 months 825 2980.6 1,155 3028.7 1,980 3007.9
One out of 10 (14.0%) children were found to be born with low birth weight, as shown by
either written records (12.9%) or recollection of birth weight by the mother or a reliable guardian or
caregiver (15.0%). Disaggregated by sex, females have higher low birth weight rates (14.9%) than
males (13.2%) (Table 56).
Table 56. Proportion of low birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months), by
sex and source of birth record: Philippines, 2015 (n = 13,070)
Low Birth Weight (<2500 g)
Sex With Record Recalled All
n % n % n %
Philippines 5,818 12.9 7,252 15.0 13,070 14.0
Males 3,022 12.1 3,783 14.2 6,805 13.2
0-47 months 2,083 12.4 2,468 14.2 4,551 13.3
48-71 months 939 11.5 1,315 14.1 2,254 13.0
Females 2,796 13.6 3,469 15.9 6,265 14.9
0-47 months 1,971 13.9 2,314 16.9 4,285 15.5
48-71 months 825 13.0 1,155 13.7 1,980 13.4

Table 57. Proportion of low birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months) by Mothers’
Age Group and Education: Philippines, 2015
% Low 95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Disaggregation n Birth CV %
Error
Weight LL UL
Mothers’ Age Group
< 20 Years old 441 11.9 1.62 9.0 15.4 13.7
≥ 20 years old and Above 11,986 14.0 0.38 13.3 14.8 2.7
Mothers’ Education
No Grade Completed 48 3.3 2.50 0.7 13.7 75.1
Elementary Undergraduate 904 15.8 1.33 13.4 18.6 8.4
Elementary Graduate 1,086 15.5 1.23 13.2 18.0 7.9
HS Undergraduate 2,100 14.5 0.88 12.9 16.3 6.1
HS Graduate 4,179 14.2 0.64 13.0 15.5 4.5
Vocational Undergraduate 173 12.7 2.52 8.5 18.5 19.8
Vocational Graduate 712 12.5 1.33 10.1 15.4 10.6
College Undergraduate 1,434 13.8 1.04 11.8 15.9 7.6
College Graduate 1,788 12.2 0.86 10.6 14.0 7.1
Table 57 shows the proportion of low birthweight among children 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71
months) by mothers’age and education. Mothers who were 20 years old and above had a slightly
higher proportion of giving birth to a child with low birth weight at 14.0 percent, while mothers below
20 years old had a proportion of giving birth to low birth weight babies at 11.9 percent.
The educational attainment of mothers was also observed as it can also affect the child’s birth
weight status. The proportion of low birth weight was seen to be decreasing as the educational
attainment gets higher. Mothers who were elementary undergraduates and elementary graduates had
the highest proportions with LBW babies at 15.8 percent and 15.5 percent, respectively (Table 57).
Children were also more likely to be born with low birth weight among those living in the
rural areas and among those who belong to the poorest and poor wealth quintiles. Among the regions,
higher proportions of low birth weight were noted in Caraga (17.0%), MIMAROPA (16.3%) and
Western Visayas (16.2%) (Table 58).

Table 58. Proportion of low birth weight among children, 0 to 5.9 years old (0 to 71 months), by place of
residence, wealth quintile and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 13,070)
% Low 95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Disaggregation n Birth CV %
Error
Weight LL UL
Philippines 13,070 14.0 0.4 13.3 14.8 2.6
Place of Residence
Rural 7,362 14.8 0.49 13.9 15.8 3.3
Urban 5,708 13.3 0.53 12.3 14.4 4.0
Wealth Quintile
Poorest 2,761 16.6 0.82 15.1 18.3 5.0
Poor 3,064 16.0 0.80 14.5 17.6 5.0
Middle 2,767 14.0 0.78 12.5 15.6 5.5
Rich 2,409 11.8 0.71 10.5 13.3 6.0
Richest 2,060 11.7 0.79 10.3 13.4 6.7
Region
NCR 1,140 14.0 1.2 11.9 16.4 8.3
CAR 628 12.9 1.4 10.4 15.9 10.8
Ilocos 675 13.8 1.5 11.2 17.0 10.8
Cagayan Valley 622 15.0 1.6 12.2 18.3 10.5
Central Luzon 1,043 10.6 1.0 8.8 12.7 9.4
CALABARZON 1,409 13.1 1.0 11.3 15.2 7.5
MIMAROPA 394 16.3 1.8 13.0 20.1 11.1
Bicol 1,155 15.5 1.6 12.7 18.9 10.2
Western Visayas 937 16.2 1.4 13.6 19.1 8.7
Central Visayas 839 12.7 1.3 10.3 15.6 10.6
Eastern Visayas 800 15.6 1.4 13.1 18.5 8.8
Zamboanga Peninsula 551 16.1 1.6 13.2 19.6 10.0
Northern Mindanao 634 15.3 1.7 12.3 18.9 11.0
Davao 699 13.6 1.4 11.1 16.7 10.4
SOCCSKSARGEN 561 15.7 1.9 12.4 19.8 12.0
ARMM 319 11.7 1.9 8.4 16.0 16.7
Caraga 664 17.0 1.7 13.9 20.7 10.1
For the purpose of tracking the trends in the proportion of infants with low birth weight, data
among children, 0 to 3.9 years old (0 to 47 months) were used for similar age criterion. Figure 56
shows how erratic LBW proportions have been in recent years, as it returned to 14.4% in 2015,
similar to 2008 levels (14.2%) after declining to 11.5% in 2013.
20
14.4
15
15.9 11.5
14.2
Prevalence %
10
2008 2011 2013 2015

Philippines
Figure 56. Trends in the prevalence of low birth weight among young children, 0 to 3.9 years old (0
to 47 months): Philippines, 2008-2015

4. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The results of the Anthropometry Survey presented lead to the following conclusions:
 Undernutrition persists as a public health problem among children, adolescents, teenage pregnant
women, and lactating mothers. The steady decrease in underweight among children 0 to 10 years
old up to 2013 was not sustained as the prevalence increased again in 2015.
 Chronic malnutrition among children and adolescents increased in terms of prevalence rates at a
high to very high magnitude and severity. Wasting remained prevalent among children and is still
a serious public health problem among adolescents.
 The double burden of malnutrition was very evident among adolescents, which exhibited an
increase in the prevalence of stunting, wasting, and overweight/obesity. Among adults, although
under- and overnutrition seem to be steadying, rates are still high at 10.3% and 31.1%,
respectively. As overweight/obesity defined by BMI has steadied, the rates of high waist
circumference and high waist to hip ratio also declined significantly.
 Pregnant women who were nutritionally at-risk posted a slight decrease in 2015, but the
proportion of teenage pregnant women at-risk remained high. Lactating women also experienced
the double burden of malnutrition as both CED and overweight/obesity rates increased from 2013
to 2015.
 Low birth weight among children 0 to 47 months old increased again in 2015 after declining in
2013, with females having higher rates of low birth weight incidence.
The anthropometric results of the 2015 Updating Survey showed that the alleviation of undernutrition
in children and other vulnerable age groups still needs greater collective effort. Steadying
overnutrition prevalences must be lowered or, at the very least, maintained to reduce mortality and
morbidity rates associated with comorbidities and non-communicable disease risk factors that come
with obesity.
The nutritional status of pregnant women and lactating mothers, especially those below 20 years old,
should be given primary importance to also help reach the target of lowering the prevalence of
children born with low birth weight, so as to preempt another cycle of malnutrition across the Filipino
population.
Based on the results of the survey, the country failed to achieve its target of halving the proportion of
underweight prevalence, particularly among children under five years old. For the past 25 years, the
overall decline was not fast enough in order to achieve one of the targets under MDG 1.
Unfortunately, the latest 2015 Updating Survey reported a slight increase of 1.5 percentage points in
the prevalence of underweight, thus resulting in a failure to meet the end-line target.
These results call for the heightening of the government’s plans and actions in addressing the
problems of malnutrition. As the country commits to achieving the SDGs, which now focus on
reduction of stunting, the opportunity to make up for failing to achieve MDG 1 entails directing
policies and programs that focus on the most crucial first 1,000 days of the child, as this may be the
pivotal window for intervention. Existing interventions targeting the population and regions or areas
that are more vulnerable must also be amplified in order to curb malnutrition.

5. REFERENCES
Books/Journals:
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2015). 2014 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey:
Preliminary Report.
Center for Disease Control (CDC). (2013). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) Anthropometry Procedures Manual, USA.
Dasco, M.L.P., Cerdena, C.M., Pine, C.R., Quiogue, J.B.T., Gironella, G.M.P. and Capanzana, M.V.
(2013). Nutritional status of Filipino preschool and school-age children based on the 2008
National Nutrition Survey. Philippine Journal of Nutrition. January-June, 60(1): 1-14.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2007). Facts and
Figures Updating 2005. Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila.
Figures 2008. Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila.
Figures 2011. Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila.
Figures Updating 2013. Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila.
Food and Nutrition Research Institute-Department of Science and Technology. (2013). 8th National
Nutrition Survey Field Operations Manual: Anthropometric Survey.
Gibson R.S. (2005). Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Second Edition. Oxford University Press.
New York, USA. 155-260 pp.
Magbitang J.A., Tangco J.B.M., dela Cruz E.O., Flores E.G., and Guanlao F.E.. (1988). Weight for
height as measure of nutritional status in Filipino pregnant women. Asia Pacific Journal of
Public Health 2(2):96-104
World Health Organization. (1995). Physical Status: The use and interpretation of anthropometry.
WHO Technical Report Series 854. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

3. APPENDICES
Appendix 1. Proportion of underweight among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months), using
WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation,
by region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,747)
Standard 95 % Confidence Interval
Region/ Province % Underweight CV %
Error LL UL
Philippines 21.5 0.40 20.8 22.2 1.7
1
NCR 15.1 0.90 13.5 16.8 5.6
District I 13.8 2.00 9.8 17.8 14.8
District II 14.9 1.50 11.9 17.8 10.1
District III 17.9 1.60 14.7 21.1 9.0
District IV 13.8 1.60 10.6 17.0 11.8
CAR 16.8 1.70 13.4 20.2 10.4
Abra 35.4 5.90 23.8 46.9 16.7
Apayao 30.8 5.80 19.4 42.1 18.8
Benguet 9.5 2.50 4.7 14.3 25.8
Ifugao 14.4 2.50 9.6 19.3 17.1
Kalinga 17.3 3.20 11.0 23.5 18.5
Mountain Province 13.1 3.40 6.5 19.7 25.7
Ilocos Region 19.0 1.60 15.9 22.1 8.3
Ilocos Norte 7.4 2.60 2.2 12.6 35.7
Ilocos Sur 18.0 4.40 9.3 26.6 24.5
La Union 19.4 3.50 12.5 26.3 18.1
Pangasinan 21.3 2.20 17.0 25.6 10.3
Cagayan Valley 20.1 1.50 17.2 23.0 7.3
Cagayan 24.6 2.40 19.9 29.3 9.8
Isabela 18.1 2.30 13.6 22.6 12.6
Nueva Vizcaya 17.5 4.00 9.6 25.3 22.9
Quirino 15.0 4.20 6.7 23.3 28.1
Central Luzon 16.6 1.20 14.2 19.0 7.3
Aurora 23.7 9.50 5.1 42.3 39.9
Bataan 11.6 3.90 3.9 19.4 34.0
Bulacan 15.5 2.20 11.3 19.8 14.0
Nueva Ecija 20.8 3.00 14.9 26.6 14.4
Pampanga 12.9 2.30 8.4 17.5 18.0
Tarlac 16.1 3.00 10.3 21.9 18.5
Zambales 21.9 3.90 14.3 29.5 17.8
CALABARZON 19.0 1.10 16.9 21.0 5.6
Batangas 13.9 1.70 10.6 17.1 12.1
Cavite 15.6 1.90 11.9 19.4 12.1
Laguna 20.4 2.60 15.3 25.6 12.9
Quezon 26.1 3.20 19.8 32.4 12.4
Rizal 20.7 2.30 16.2 25.2 11.2
MIMAROPA 31.8 2.40 27.0 36.5 7.6
Marinduque 34.4 5.60 23.4 45.4 16.3
Occidental Mindoro 40.3 4.00 32.4 48.2 10.0
Oriental Mindoro 24.2 5.10 14.1 34.2 21.2
Palawan 34.5 4.10 26.5 42.5 11.8
Romblon 19.5 8.00 3.7 35.2 41.2
Bicol Region 28.4 1.40 25.5 31.2 5.1
Albay 24.9 2.60 19.8 30.1 10.5
Camarines Norte 28.0 5.30 17.5 38.4 19.1
Camarines Sur 26.3 2.30 21.8 30.9 8.8
Catanduanes 37.0 3.50 30.2 43.9 9.4
Masbate 33.1 3.50 26.3 39.9 10.5
Sorsogon 30.4 4.70 21.3 39.6 15.3

Continued… Appendix 1
95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Western Visayas 26.6 1.75 23.1 30.0 6.6
Aklan 25.7 1.77 22.2 29.2 6.9
Antique 29.9 6.71 16.8 43.1 22.4
Capiz 28.7 7.67 13.6 43.7 26.7
Guimaras 20.7 10.31 0.5 40.9 49.9
Iloilo 25.4 2.59 20.3 30.4 10.2
Negros Occidental 26.7 2.36 22.1 31.4 8.8
Central Visayas 22.8 1.28 20.2 25.3 5.6
Bohol 28.1 3.23 21.7 34.4 11.5
Cebu 21.1 1.66 17.9 24.4 7.9
Negros Oriental 23.9 2.66 18.7 29.1 11.1
Siquijor 16.7 8.69 -0.4 33.7 52.2
Eastern Visayas 29.5 1.68 26.2 32.8 5.7
Biliran 42.9 9.54 24.1 61.6 22.3
Eastern Samar 31.2 6.09 19.3 43.2 19.5
Leyte 27.7 2.20 23.4 32.0 7.9
Northern Samar 36.4 4.29 28.0 44.8 11.8
Southern Leyte 11.1 3.39 4.5 17.8 30.5
Western Samar 32.3 4.96 22.6 42.0 15.4
2
Zamboanga Peninsula 21.2 1.56 18.1 24.2 7.4
Zamboanga del Norte 26.9 2.36 22.3 31.5 8.8
Zamboanga del Sur 17.9 2.13 13.7 22.1 11.9
Zamboanga Sibugay 20.6 4.83 11.1 30.1 23.5
Northern Mindanao 20.4 1.65 17.2 23.7 8.1
Bukidnon 19.5 2.63 14.3 24.6 13.5
Camiguin 7.7 5.57 -3.2 18.6 72.2
Lanao del Norte 22.3 2.82 16.7 27.8 12.7
Misamis Occidental 15.8 3.39 9.1 22.4 21.5
Misamis Oriental 22.3 3.66 15.1 29.4 16.4
Davao Region 20.7 1.39 17.9 23.4 6.7
Compostela Valley 18.0 2.99 12.2 23.9 16.6
Davao del Norte 26.7 2.61 21.5 31.8 9.8
Davao del Sur 19.0 2.01 15.0 22.9 10.6
Davao Oriental 22.4 4.11 14.4 30.5 18.3
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 25.8 1.69 22.5 29.2 6.5
North Cotabato 26.0 3.14 19.8 32.1 12.1
Sarangani 28.1 4.41 19.5 36.8 15.7
South Cotabato 25.6 2.79 20.1 31.1 10.9
Sultan Kudarat 25.1 3.55 18.2 32.1 14.1
4
ARMM 24.9 1.37 22.2 27.5 5.5
5
Basilan 26.6 5.89 15.1 38.2 22.1
Lanao del Sur 21.1 2.33 16.6 25.7 11.0
Maguindanao 25.8 1.85 22.2 29.5 7.2
Sulu 27.9 3.74 20.5 35.2 13.4
Tawi-Tawi 27.2 4.04 19.3 35.2 14.9
Caraga 24.0 1.85 20.4 27.7 7.7
Agusan del Norte 17.9 3.77 10.5 25.3 21.0
Agusan del Sur 25.7 3.25 19.3 32.0 12.7
Surigao del Norte 29.0 4.64 19.9 38.1 16.0
Surigao del Sur 23.8 3.05 17.8 29.7 12.8
Note: Prevalences between provinces are significantly different if the confidence intervals (CIs) do not overlap from each other. CVs that are ≤20
are acceptable estimates for the province.
1
National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein. 2Although administratively Isabela City is the capital of the province of
Basilan, it is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula Region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is
included in the province of Basilan. 3Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does
not belong to the ARMM. Thus, in generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of Cotabato. 4Excluding the
cities of Isabela and Cotabato. 5Including the City of Isabela

Appendix 2. Differences of the proportion of underweight among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59
months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
Underweight
Disaggregation/ Variable
2013 2015 2015 vs 2013
% S.E. % S.E. Diff. p-value

Sex/Age Group
All 20.0 0.40 21.5 0.36 1.5 0.001
0-5 m 12.2 1.00 9.2 0.84 -3.0 0.016
6-11 m 15.2 1.07 17.0 0.97 1.8 0.197
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 20.1 0.85 20.8 0.79 0.8 0.494
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 21.8 0.89 22.6 0.78 0.9 0.447
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 22.3 0.83 24.4 0.77 2.2 0.040
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 21.2 0.83 24.7 0.76 3.5 0.001
Male 19.4 0.53 21.6 0.48 2.2 0.001
0-5 m 13.8 1.49 9.3 1.14 -4.5 0.012
6-11 m 16.1 1.53 20.6 1.44 4.5 0.027
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 21.7 1.24 24.5 1.17 2.8 0.079
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 20.4 1.17 21.3 1.04 0.9 0.546
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 20.9 1.13 23.3 1.03 2.4 0.097
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 18.6 1.05 22.7 1.01 4.0 0.003
Female 20.6 0.54 21.4 0.50 0.8 0.227
0-5 m 10.6 1.35 9.1 1.17 -1.4 0.396
6-11 m 14.3 1.52 13.2 1.28 -1.2 0.525
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 18.3 1.17 17.3 1.02 -1.1 0.467
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 23.4 1.34 24.1 1.10 0.7 0.696
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 23.6 1.21 25.6 1.08 2.0 0.189
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 24.0 1.27 27.0 1.18 3.0 0.052
Region
NCR 13.0 1.03 15.1 0.85 2.1 0.128
CAR 16.6 1.66 16.8 1.74 0.1 0.949
Ilocos 21.2 1.60 19.0 1.58 -2.2 0.266
Cagayan Valley 20.5 1.87 20.1 1.47 -0.4 0.856
Central Luzon 17.8 1.34 16.6 1.21 -1.2 0.454
CALABARZON 18.1 1.09 19.0 1.06 0.9 0.541
MIMAROPA 27.6 2.56 31.8 2.42 4.2 0.134
Bicol 24.8 1.66 28.4 1.43 3.6 0.062
Western Visayas 26.0 1.79 26.6 1.75 0.6 0.770
Central Visayas 23.1 1.60 22.8 1.28 -0.4 0.854
Eastern Visayas 21.5 1.37 29.5 1.68 8.0 0.000
Zamboanga Peninsula 24.4 2.02 21.2 1.56 -3.3 0.172
Northern Mindanao 17.6 1.51 20.4 1.65 2.8 0.181
Davao 18.6 1.86 20.7 1.39 2.1 0.335
SOCCSKSARGEN 24.0 1.93 25.8 1.69 1.8 0.411
ARMM 22.5 1.75 24.9 1.37 2.4 0.271
Caraga 20.0 1.62 24.0 1.85 4.1 0.064

Appendix 3. Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months),
using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of
variation, by region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n = 16,584)

Region/ Province % Stunting CV %
Error LL UL
Philippines 33.4 0.44 32.6 34.3 1.3
1
NCR 24.9 1.32 22.3 27.5 5.3
District I 23.9 3.23 17.6 30.3 13.5
District II 25.0 2.47 20.2 29.9 9.9
District III 26.3 2.64 21.2 31.5 10.0
District IV 23.9 2.20 19.6 28.2 9.2
CAR 36.7 2.13 32.5 40.8 5.8
Abra 42.7 7.10 28.8 56.6 16.6
Apayao 35.8 7.43 21.2 50.3 20.8
Benguet 32.4 3.27 26.0 38.8 10.1
Ifugao 42.8 4.35 34.3 51.3 10.2
Kalinga 35.0 5.51 24.2 45.8 15.8
Ilocos Region 31.3 1.86 27.6 34.9 5.9
Ilocos Norte 26.7 4.40 18.0 35.3 16.5
Ilocos Sur 32.7 5.64 21.6 43.7 17.3
La Union 31.2 3.80 23.7 38.6 12.2
Pangasinan 31.9 2.55 26.9 36.9 8.0
Cagayan Valley 29.0 1.82 25.4 32.6 6.3
Cagayan 31.1 2.70 25.8 36.4 8.7
Isabela 24.6 2.52 19.6 29.5 10.3
Nueva Vizcaya 32.2 7.19 18.0 46.3 22.4
Quirino 44.1 6.92 30.5 57.7 15.7
Central Luzon 23.1 1.22 20.7 25.5 5.3
Aurora 39.2 14.75 10.3 68.1 37.6
Bataan 15.9 4.94 6.2 25.5 31.2
Bulacan 21.1 2.14 16.9 25.3 10.1
Nueva Ecija 27.6 3.03 21.6 33.5 11.0
Pampanga 21.1 2.21 16.7 25.4 10.5
Tarlac 21.8 2.53 16.8 26.7 11.6
Zambales 22.4 5.69 11.3 33.6 25.4
CALABARZON 27.7 1.26 25.3 30.2 4.5
Batangas 21.8 2.21 17.5 26.1 10.1
Cavite 27.0 2.25 22.5 31.4 8.4
Laguna 27.7 3.05 21.7 33.7 11.0
Quezon 33.9 3.09 27.8 39.9 9.1
Rizal 29.7 2.87 24.1 35.4 9.7
MIMAROPA 40.9 2.47 36.0 45.7 6.0
Marinduque 35.8 5.17 25.7 45.9 14.4
Palawan 39.6 3.88 32.0 47.2 9.8
Romblon 44.7 7.60 29.8 59.6 17.0
Bicol Region 40.2 1.56 37.1 43.2 3.9
Albay 37.5 2.46 32.6 42.3 6.6
Camarines Norte 40.4 5.97 28.7 52.1 14.8
Camarines Sur 37.4 2.67 32.2 42.7 7.1
Catanduanes 58.0 5.00 48.2 67.8 8.6
Masbate 48.0 3.90 40.4 55.7 8.1
Sorsogon 35.0 4.34 26.5 43.5 12.4

Error LL UL
Western Visayas 39.8 1.99 35.9 43.7 5.0
Aklan 40.0 7.11 26.1 54.0 17.8
Antique 44.7 6.47 32.0 57.4 14.5
Capiz 40.2 8.17 24.2 56.2 20.3
Guimaras 35.7 12.57 11.0 60.3 35.2
Iloilo 34.9 2.81 29.4 40.4 8.1
Central Visayas 37.7 1.47 34.9 40.6 3.9
Bohol 39.1 3.06 33.1 45.1 7.8
Cebu 36.6 1.90 32.9 40.3 5.2
Negros Oriental 40.0 3.48 33.2 46.8 8.7
Siquijor 36.4 3.80 28.9 43.9 10.5
Eastern Visayas 41.7 1.96 37.9 45.6 4.7
Biliran 42.8 4.20 34.6 51.1 9.8
Eastern Samar 48.6 6.28 36.2 60.9 12.9
Leyte 37.2 2.80 31.7 42.7 7.5
Northern Samar 45.3 5.23 35.0 55.5 11.5
Southern Leyte 32.0 4.07 24.0 40.0 12.7
Western Samar 52.9 5.64 41.9 64.0 10.7
2
Bukidnon 37.6 3.05 31.6 43.5 8.1
Camiguin 23.1 16.65 -9.6 55.7 72.2
Lanao del Norte 45.0 4.78 35.7 54.4 10.6
Davao Region 31.7 1.89 28.0 35.5 6.0
Davao del Norte 34.3 4.69 25.1 43.5 13.7
Davao del Sur 30.7 2.33 26.1 35.3 7.6
Davao Oriental 34.5 6.20 22.4 46.7 18.0
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 40.0 2.19 35.7 44.2 5.5
North Cotabato 38.9 3.56 32.0 45.9 9.1
Sarangani 52.1 5.25 41.8 62.4 10.1
South Cotabato 37.4 3.86 29.8 44.9 10.3
Sultan Kudarat 41.3 4.91 31.7 50.9 11.9
4
ARMM 45.2 1.94 41.4 49.0 4.3
5
Basilan 48.1 7.62 33.1 63.0 15.8
Lanao del Sur 49.0 3.24 42.7 55.4 6.6
Maguindanao 45.6 2.27 41.1 50.1 5.0
Sulu 40.9 6.55 28.1 53.8 16.0
Tawi-Tawi 41.2 6.33 28.8 53.6 15.3
Caraga 36.4 2.07 32.4 40.5 5.7
Agusan del Norte 33.4 3.48 26.5 40.2 10.4
Agusan del Sur 42.3 4.54 33.4 51.2 10.7
Surigao del Sur 33.3 3.56 26.3 40.2 10.7
Note: Prevalences between provinces are significantly different if the confidence intervals (CIs) do not overlap from each other. CVs that are ≤20 are
acceptable estimates for the province.
1
included in the province of Basilan. 3Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not
belong to the ARMM. Thus, in generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of Cotabato. 4Excluding the cities of
Isabela and Cotabato. 5Including the City of Isabela.

Appendix 4. Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, less than 5.0 years old
(0 to 59 months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
Stunting
2013 2015 2015 vs 2013

Sex/Age Group
All 30.3 0.47 33.4 0.44 3.1 0.000
0-5 m 13.1 1.06 12.7 0.96 -0.4 0.757
6-11 m 16.2 1.10 17.3 1.00 1.1 0.419
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 31.5 0.99 36.2 0.92 4.6 0.000
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 35.7 1.06 38.4 0.95 2.7 0.039
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 35.4 0.95 38.6 0.88 3.2 0.009
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 32.7 0.94 36.8 0.85 4.1 0.001
Male 31.4 0.64 34.3 0.57 2.9 0.000
0-5 m 16.3 1.59 14.3 1.42 -2.0 0.320
6-11 m 17.2 1.56 21.1 1.46 3.9 0.060
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 35.3 1.44 40.7 1.35 5.5 0.003
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 36.1 1.42 39.5 1.28 3.4 0.065
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 35.5 1.30 37.0 1.20 1.5 0.360
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 32.0 1.24 35.4 1.13 3.4 0.034
Female 29.1 0.65 32.5 0.62 3.3 0.000
0-5 m 9.9 1.36 11.0 1.33 1.1 0.535
6-11 m 15.1 1.58 13.2 1.33 -1.9 0.320
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 27.5 1.37 31.7 1.26 4.3 0.017
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 35.2 1.61 37.3 1.32 2.1 0.274
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 35.4 1.32 40.3 1.29 5.0 0.004
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 33.5 1.37 38.3 1.24 4.8 0.005
Region
NCR 22.5 1.33 24.9 1.32 2.4 0.159
CAR 32.5 2.43 36.7 2.13 4.1 0.141
Ilocos 27.2 1.84 31.3 1.86 4.1 0.068
Cagayan Valley 26.5 2.00 29.0 1.82 2.5 0.293
Central Luzon 23.2 1.43 23.1 1.22 -0.1 0.932
CALABARZON 25.2 1.24 27.7 1.26 2.5 0.127
MIMAROPA 35.8 2.99 40.9 2.47 5.0 0.092
Bicol 40.2 1.94 40.2 1.56 0.0 0.991
Western Visayas 36.4 2.01 39.8 1.99 3.4 0.140
Central Visayas 34.7 2.00 37.7 1.47 3.1 0.163
Eastern Visayas 36.6 1.97 41.7 1.96 5.1 0.027
Northern Mindanao 33.3 1.70 36.5 2.42 3.2 0.212
Davao 29.5 1.94 31.7 1.89 2.2 0.372
SOCCSKSARGEN 36.2 2.70 40.0 2.19 3.8 0.136
ARMM 38.8 2.07 45.2 1.94 6.4 0.012
Caraga 34.4 1.90 36.4 2.07 2.1 0.418

Appendix 5. Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 months),
using WHO-CGS weight-for-height, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of

Region/ Province % Wasting CV %
Error LL UL
Philippines 7.1 0.21 6.7 7.5 3.0
1
NCR 6.4 0.66 5.1 7.6 10.3
District I 5.7 1.44 2.9 8.5 25.3
District II 7.2 1.26 4.7 9.6 17.6
District III 5.6 1.23 3.1 8.0 22.2
District IV 6.3 1.18 3.9 8.6 18.9
CAR 4.5 0.80 3.0 6.1 17.6
Abra 9.0 2.13 4.8 13.1 23.7
Apayao 10.3 4.23 2.0 18.6 41.2
Benguet 2.4 0.88 0.7 4.1 36.5
Ifugao 4.2 1.84 0.6 7.8 43.9
Kalinga 2.2 1.45 -0.7 5.0 66.8
Mountain Province 5.9 3.45 -0.9 12.7 58.5
Ilocos Region 6.6 1.00 4.7 8.6 15.0
Ilocos Norte 5.8 2.24 1.4 10.2 38.7
Ilocos Sur 7.9 2.55 2.9 12.9 32.5
La Union 9.1 2.48 4.2 13.9 27.4
Pangasinan 5.9 1.38 3.2 8.6 23.5
Cagayan Valley 7.2 0.89 5.5 9.0 12.3
Cagayan 9.6 1.69 6.3 12.9 17.6
Isabela 6.0 1.20 3.7 8.4 19.9
Nueva Vizcaya 6.8 2.69 1.5 12.1 39.5
Quirino 3.8 2.52 -1.1 8.8 65.7
Central Luzon 7.5 0.83 5.9 9.1 11.1
Aurora 17.3 10.21 -2.7 37.3 59.0
Bataan 4.6 2.70 -0.7 9.9 58.2
Bulacan 9.0 1.83 5.4 12.6 20.3
Nueva Ecija 7.4 1.50 4.5 10.4 20.2
Pampanga 4.8 1.40 2.1 7.6 29.1
Tarlac 6.1 1.58 3.0 9.2 26.0
Zambales 14.0 2.83 8.4 19.5 20.3
CALABARZON 7.6 0.69 6.3 9.0 9.0
Batangas 6.8 1.59 3.7 9.9 23.5
Cavite 6.9 1.52 3.9 9.9 22.0
Laguna 7.7 1.62 4.5 10.8 21.2
Quezon 7.7 1.48 4.8 10.6 19.2
Rizal 9.0 1.35 6.3 11.6 15.0
MIMAROPA 9.7 1.14 7.5 11.9 11.7
Marinduque 13.8 3.35 7.2 20.4 24.3
Palawan 12.4 2.09 8.3 16.5 16.8
Romblon 6.5 4.19 -1.7 14.8 64.2
Bicol Region 8.2 0.74 6.8 9.7 8.9
Albay 10.5 1.72 7.1 13.9 16.4
Camarines Norte 9.6 1.96 5.7 13.5 20.5
Camarines Sur 6.7 1.29 4.2 9.2 19.2
Catanduanes 11.2 2.16 7.0 15.5 19.2
Masbate 9.1 1.95 5.3 13.0 21.4
Sorsogon 4.5 1.42 1.8 7.3 31.3

Error LL UL
Western Visayas 6.4 0.81 4.8 8.0 12.7
Aklan 9.4 4.44 0.7 18.1 47.2
Antique 13.6 3.48 6.7 20.4 25.7
Capiz 4.5 2.34 -0.1 9.1 52.2
Guimaras 3.6 3.83 -3.9 11.1 106.8
Iloilo 6.2 1.29 3.6 8.7 20.9
Central Visayas 7.0 0.81 5.5 8.6 11.5
Bohol 8.5 2.04 4.5 12.5 24.0
Cebu 7.1 1.08 5.0 9.2 15.1
Negros Oriental 5.6 1.42 2.9 8.4 25.2
Siquijor 9.0 10.28 -11.1 29.2 113.6
Eastern Visayas 8.4 0.75 6.9 9.9 9.0
Biliran 14.3 4.04 6.4 22.2 28.3
Eastern Samar 6.0 2.13 1.8 10.2 35.6
Leyte 9.7 1.16 7.4 12.0 11.9
Northern Samar 9.5 2.04 5.5 13.5 21.4
Southern Leyte 3.2 2.15 -1.0 7.4 67.5
Western Samar 5.1 1.33 2.5 7.7 26.0
2
Bukidnon 3.4 1.17 1.1 5.7 34.0
Camiguin 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lanao del Norte 4.3 1.90 0.5 8.0 44.7
Davao Region 6.3 0.81 4.7 7.9 12.8
Compostela Valley 3.2 1.88 -0.5 6.9 58.4
Davao del Norte 7.8 2.18 3.6 12.1 27.8
Davao del Sur 7.0 1.07 4.9 9.1 15.4
Davao Oriental 3.9 1.62 0.7 7.0 41.8
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 6.9 0.82 5.3 8.5 11.9
North Cotabato 7.3 1.53 4.3 10.3 21.1
Sarangani 2.4 1.69 -1.0 5.7 71.7
South Cotabato 7.6 1.34 5.0 10.2 17.6
Sultan Kudarat 6.9 1.81 3.3 10.4 26.3
4
ARMM 8.2 0.94 6.3 10.0 11.4
5
Basilan 4.4 4.13 -3.7 12.5 93.1
Lanao del Sur 5.2 1.14 3.0 7.4 21.9
Maguindanao 5.9 0.91 4.2 7.7 15.3
Sulu 14.2 3.44 7.4 20.9 24.3
Tawi-Tawi 14.2 1.91 10.5 18.0 13.4
Caraga 8.1 0.82 6.5 9.7 10.1
Agusan del Norte 5.4 1.70 2.1 8.7 31.5
Agusan del Sur 6.1 1.07 4.0 8.2 17.5
Surigao del Sur 9.4 1.76 6.0 12.9 18.7
1

Appendix 6. Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, less than 0 to 5.0 years old
(0 to 59 months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
Wasting
2013 2015 2015 vs 2013

Sex/Age Group
All 8.0 0.26 7.1 0.21 -0.8 0.008
0-5 m 13.4 1.07 10.9 0.92 -2.5 0.052
6-11 m 11.3 1.01 11.6 0.89 0.3 0.813
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 10.6 0.69 9.2 0.56 -1.4 0.079
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 6.4 0.52 5.7 0.42 -0.7 0.268
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.8 0.47 5.4 0.41 -0.3 0.588
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 5.6 0.45 4.9 0.38 -0.7 0.217
Male 8.3 0.37 7.8 0.31 -0.5 0.274
0-5 m 6.9 1.17 9.6 1.22 2.7 0.088
6-11 m 6.8 1.46 13.5 1.28 6.7 0.000
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 7.5 0.78 10.2 0.84 2.8 0.012
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 4.4 0.59 6.0 0.60 1.6 0.054
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 3.6 0.50 6.4 0.61 2.8 0.000
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 4.1 0.56 5.6 0.56 1.5 0.048
Female 7.6 0.36 6.4 0.30 -1.2 0.006
0-5 m 6.8 1.07 12.2 1.39 5.3 0.002
6-11 m 6.3 0.99 9.5 1.13 3.2 0.027
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 7.2 0.85 8.1 0.75 1.0 0.353
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 3.5 0.59 5.4 0.59 1.9 0.025
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 4.0 0.57 4.4 0.52 0.4 0.597
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 4.6 0.58 4.2 0.53 -0.4 0.591
Region
NCR 6.4 0.70 6.4 0.66 -0.1 0.946
CAR 6.0 1.05 4.5 0.80 -1.4 0.274
Ilocos 9.7 1.08 6.6 1.00 -3.0 0.025
Cagayan Valley 7.8 1.00 7.2 0.89 -0.5 0.706
Central Luzon 8.4 0.87 7.5 0.83 -0.9 0.408
CALABARZON 8.8 0.81 7.6 0.69 -1.2 0.259
MIMAROPA 9.7 1.45 9.7 1.14 0.0 0.987
Bicol 7.5 0.88 8.2 0.74 0.8 0.521
Western Visayas 8.9 1.06 6.4 0.81 -2.5 0.043
Central Visayas 8.0 0.93 7.0 0.81 -1.0 0.419
Eastern Visayas 7.9 1.05 8.4 0.75 0.5 0.686
Northern Mindanao 7.0 1.06 4.0 0.77 -3.0 0.013
Davao 7.5 1.25 6.3 0.81 -1.2 0.362
SOCCSKSARGEN 6.8 1.18 6.9 0.82 0.1 0.942
ARMM 8.8 1.59 8.2 0.94 -0.6 0.663
Caraga 7.6 1.10 8.1 0.82 0.5 0.735

Appendix 7. Differences of the proportion of overweight-for-height among children, less than 0 to 5.0
years old (0 to 59 months), by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2013 and 2015
Overweight-for-height
2013 2015 2015 vs 2013

Sex/Age Group
All 5.1 0.22 3.9 0.17 -1.2 0.000
0-5 m 9.9 0.93 6.9 0.76 -3.0 0.007
6-11 m 5.0 0.65 4.2 0.58 -0.8 0.304
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.4 0.45 3.1 0.35 -1.4 0.009
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 4.8 0.46 3.8 0.39 -1.0 0.066
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 4.2 0.39 3.7 0.37 -0.5 0.313
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 4.9 0.45 3.6 0.35 -1.3 0.009
Male 5.5 0.31 4.0 0.24 -1.5 0.000
0-5 m 10.1 1.31 7.9 1.13 -2.2 0.166
6-11 m 5.0 0.91 3.7 0.69 -1.3 0.218
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.3 0.61 3.4 0.53 -0.9 0.224
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 5.6 0.69 3.2 0.51 -2.4 0.002
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.0 0.64 4.2 0.54 -0.7 0.315
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 5.3 0.64 3.7 0.48 -1.6 0.018
Female 4.7 0.29 3.8 0.25 -0.9 0.009
0-5 m 9.6 1.31 5.8 1.00 -3.8 0.012
6-11 m 5.1 0.93 4.8 0.93 -0.3 0.813
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.6 0.66 2.8 0.47 -1.8 0.012
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 3.9 0.61 4.4 0.62 0.5 0.539
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 3.3 0.47 3.0 0.48 -0.3 0.651
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 4.4 0.61 3.5 0.51 -0.9 0.190
Region 0.322
NCR 6.5 0.78 6.4 0.66 -0.2 0.202
CAR 6.2 1.04 4.5 0.80 -1.7 0.001
Ilocos 5.5 0.85 6.6 1.00 1.2 0.301
Cagayan Valley 5.8 0.99 7.2 0.89 1.4 0.197
Central Luzon 6.1 0.79 7.5 0.83 1.4 0.000
CALABARZON 6.7 0.73 7.6 0.69 0.9 0.008
MIMAROPA 5.4 0.90 9.7 1.14 4.3 0.002
Bicol 3.9 0.75 8.2 0.74 4.4 0.111
Western Visayas 4.6 0.80 6.4 0.81 1.8 0.001
Central Visayas 3.6 0.66 7.0 0.81 3.4 0.000
Eastern Visayas 3.1 0.64 8.4 0.75 5.3 0.001
Zamboanga Peninsula 2.7 0.74 7.1 0.95 4.4 0.529
Northern Mindanao 4.7 0.97 4.0 0.77 -0.7 0.019
Davao 3.5 0.68 6.3 0.81 2.8 0.002
SOCCSKSARGEN 3.3 0.75 6.9 0.82 3.6 0.843
ARMM 4.1 0.85 8.2 0.94 4.1 0.001
Caraga 3.6 0.66 8.1 0.82 4.5 0.344

Appendix 8. Percent distribution of children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months) by weight-for-age

Weight-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately
Under- Above
Disaggregation/ Variable Under- Under- Normal Mean Median
weight weight
weight* Normal
z- z-
<-2SD to -2SD to scores scores
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 4.8 16.9 21.6 76.4 1.9 -1.09 -1.17
0-5 m 3.1 6.1 9.2 88.8 2.0 -0.54 -0.51
6-11 m 3.7 13.3 17.0 81.5 1.5 -0.87 -0.88
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.8 16.0 20.8 77.4 1.7 -1.04 -1.09
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 5.1 17.5 22.6 75.0 2.4 -1.11 -1.22
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.3 19.1 24.4 73.7 1.9 -1.22 -1.30
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 4.9 20.0 24.9 73.1 1.9 -1.27 -1.38
Male 4.6 17.1 21.7 76.3 2.0 -1.08 -1.17
0-5 m 2.7 6.7 9.3 88.9 1.8 -0.53 -0.47
6-11 m 5.7 14.9 20.6 78.2 1.2 -0.98 -0.95
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 5.0 19.6 24.5 73.7 1.8 -1.10 -1.19
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 4.2 17.1 21.3 76.6 2.1 -1.11 -1.23
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.1 18.2 23.3 74.1 2.5 -1.15 -1.23
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 4.2 18.6 22.9 75.1 2.0 -1.20 -1.31
Female 5.0 16.6 21.6 76.5 1.9 -1.10 -1.18
0-5 m 3.6 5.6 9.1 88.6 2.3 -0.56 -0.53
6-11 m 1.7 11.5 13.2 84.9 1.9 -0.76 -0.83
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.7 12.5 17.3 81.1 1.7 -0.98 -1.00
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 6.1 18.0 24.1 73.2 2.8 -1.12 -1.21
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.5 20.1 25.6 73.1 1.3 -1.29 -1.38
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 5.6 21.5 27.2 71.0 1.8 -1.34 -1.44
Region
NCR 3.6 11.6 15.2 81.4 3.4 -0.79 -0.87
CAR 3.3 13.5 16.8 82.7 0.5 -1.04 -1.08
Ilocos 5.4 14.0 19.4 78.5 2.1 -1.08 -1.21
Cagayan Valley 2.4 17.5 19.9 78.0 2.1 -1.00 -1.07
Central Luzon 2.2 14.5 16.7 80.3 3.0 -0.85 -0.95
CALABARZON 4.3 14.7 19.0 78.3 2.7 -0.91 -1.04
MIMAROPA 9.4 22.2 31.6 67.4 1.0 -1.44 -1.52
Bicol 6.3 22.1 28.5 70.4 1.2 -1.37 -1.39
Western Visayas 6.7 19.8 26.5 72.0 1.5 -1.28 -1.35
Central Visayas 5.2 17.6 22.8 75.8 1.4 -1.19 -1.23
Eastern Visayas 7.0 23.0 30.0 69.0 1.0 -1.38 -1.41
Davao 3.2 17.6 20.8 77.9 1.3 -1.11 -1.18
SOCCSKSARGEN 6.1 19.9 26.0 72.8 1.2 -1.30 -1.34
ARMM 6.8 18.3 25.0 73.7 1.3 -1.22 -1.29
Caraga 5.7 18.1 23.9 75.6 0.6 -1.29 -1.32

Appendix 9. Percent distribution of children, 0 to 5.0 year-old (0 to 60 months) by height-for-age

Height-for-Age (%)
Severely Moderately
Stunted/
Stunted/ Stunted/
Disaggregation/ Variable Under- Normal Tall Mean Median
Under- Under-
height height
height* z- z-
scores scores
<-2SD to -2SD to
<-3SD < -2SD >+2SD
-3SD +2SD
Sex/Age Group
All 10.8 22.7 33.5 64.6 1.9 -1.42 -1.49
0-5 m 4.3 8.4 12.7 82.1 5.3 -0.41 -0.43
6-11 m 5.4 11.9 17.3 79.4 3.3 -0.81 -0.82
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 12.9 23.2 36.2 61.0 2.8 -1.46 -1.56
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 13.7 24.7 38.4 59.9 1.6 -1.63 -1.66
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 11.8 26.8 38.6 60.6 0.9 -1.65 -1.68
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 10.6 26.2 36.8 62.6 0.7 -1.62 -1.64
Male 11.1 23.3 34.4 63.6 2.0 -1.45 -1.53
0-5 m 4.7 9.6 14.3 81.7 4.0 -0.45 -0.45
6-11 m 6.3 14.8 21.1 75.7 3.2 -0.92 -0.89
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 15.4 25.4 40.7 56.3 3.0 -1.60 -1.73
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 13.9 25.6 39.5 58.6 1.9 -1.63 -1.67
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 11.6 25.4 37.0 62.0 1.0 -1.62 -1.64
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 9.7 26.0 35.6 63.4 1.0 -1.60 -1.64
Female 10.5 22.0 32.5 65.7 1.8 -1.40 -1.46
0-5 m 3.9 7.1 11.0 82.5 6.5 -0.36 -0.43
6-11 m 4.5 8.8 13.2 83.5 3.3 -0.70 -0.77
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 10.6 21.1 31.7 65.6 2.7 -1.33 -1.43
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 13.5 23.8 37.3 61.3 1.4 -1.63 -1.65
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 12.0 28.3 40.3 59.0 0.7 -1.69 -1.73
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 11.6 26.4 38.0 61.7 0.3 -1.65 -1.64
Region
NCR 6.9 18.2 25.2 72.6 2.3 -1.10 -1.11
CAR 10.7 26.1 36.8 61.9 1.3 -1.58 -1.65
Ilocos 7.6 23.9 31.5 66.6 1.9 -1.34 -1.41
Cagayan Valley 6.8 22.0 28.8 68.8 2.4 -1.28 -1.37
Central Luzon 6.7 16.2 22.9 74.7 2.4 -1.13 -1.14
CALABARZON 8.5 19.2 27.7 70.1 2.2 -1.24 -1.36
MIMAROPA 16.0 24.7 40.7 57.5 1.7 -1.69 -1.72
Bicol 13.7 26.5 40.2 58.1 1.7 -1.65 -1.69
Western Visayas 14.0 25.8 39.9 59.3 0.8 -1.66 -1.72
Central Visayas 11.5 26.2 37.7 61.1 1.2 -1.59 -1.62
Eastern Visayas 14.3 27.8 42.1 56.7 1.2 -1.66 -1.74
Davao 8.5 23.1 31.6 67.3 1.1 -1.44 -1.48
SOCCSKSARGEN 16.1 24.1 40.2 57.8 2.0 -1.70 -1.73
ARMM 19.8 25.2 45.0 51.0 4.0 -1.67 -1.84
Caraga 10.9 25.4 36.3 62.0 1.7 -1.55 -1.59

Appendix 10. Percent distribution of children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months), by weight-for-height
Modera Over-
Severely Under-
-tely weight-
Wasted/ weight Normal NEC
Disaggregation/ Variable Under- for- Mean Median
Thin *
weight height z- z-
<-2SD scores scores
-2SD to
<-3SD to - < -2SD >+2SD
+2SD
3SD
Sex/Age Group
All 1.9 5.2 7.1 88.8 3.8 0.3 -0.38 -0.47
0-5 m 4.9 5.9 10.9 81.1 6.9 1.2 -0.24 -0.24
6-11 m 3.4 8.3 11.6 84.0 4.2 0.2 -0.46 -0.57
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.6 6.6 9.2 87.7 3.1 0.1 -0.43 -0.45
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.3 4.3 5.7 90.4 3.8 0.1 -0.32 -0.43
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.1 4.4 5.4 90.6 3.7 0.3 -0.36 -0.47
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 0.9 4.1 5.1 91.2 3.4 0.3 -0.42 -0.51
Male 2.0 5.8 7.8 87.9 4.0 0.3 -0.37 -0.45
0-5 m 4.6 5.0 9.6 81.3 7.9 1.2 -0.15 -0.25
6-11 m 3.9 9.6 13.5 82.4 3.7 0.3 -0.55 -0.58
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.6 7.6 10.2 86.2 3.4 0.2 -0.43 -0.46
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.3 4.7 6.0 90.6 3.2 0.2 -0.35 -0.45
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 1.5 5.0 6.4 89.0 4.2 0.3 -0.34 -0.43
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 0.9 4.7 5.6 90.5 3.5 0.4 -0.37 -0.45
Female 1.8 4.6 6.4 89.6 3.7 0.2 -0.40 -0.48
0-5 m 5.4 6.8 12.2 80.8 5.8 1.2 -0.32 -0.23
6-11 m 2.8 6.8 9.5 85.6 4.8 0.0 -0.37 -0.57
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 2.5 5.6 8.1 89.1 2.8 0.0 -0.43 -0.44
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 1.4 4.0 5.4 90.1 4.4 0.1 -0.30 -0.41
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 0.7 3.7 4.4 92.3 3.0 0.3 -0.40 -0.51
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 1.0 3.5 4.5 91.9 3.3 0.3 -0.48 -0.57
Region
NCR 2.0 4.4 6.4 87.2 6.0 0.4 -0.21 -0.33
CAR 1.9 2.5 4.4 92.2 3.2 0.1 -0.20 -0.21
Ilocos 1.5 5.2 6.7 90.0 3.2 0.1 -0.46 -0.56
Cagayan Valley 1.4 5.7 7.1 88.5 3.8 0.6 -0.40 -0.45
Central Luzon 2.3 5.2 7.5 86.4 5.9 0.2 -0.27 -0.43
CALABARZON 2.1 5.5 7.6 87.2 4.9 0.3 -0.30 -0.43
MIMAROPA 1.7 7.8 9.6 86.9 3.2 0.4 -0.65 -0.66
Bicol 2.1 6.0 8.1 89.2 2.6 0.1 -0.58 -0.65
Western Visayas 1.0 5.3 6.3 90.3 3.3 0.1 -0.46 -0.55
Central Visayas 1.5 5.4 6.9 90.0 2.6 0.4 -0.41 -0.47
Eastern Visayas 1.8 6.6 8.4 89.1 2.3 0.3 -0.57 -0.63
Zamboanga Peninsula 2.6 4.5 7.1 90.0 2.6 0.3 -0.42 -0.46
Northern Mindanao 1.4 2.5 3.9 93.5 1.9 0.7 -0.34 -0.39
Davao 0.9 5.5 6.5 90.6 2.7 0.2 -0.41 -0.44
SOCCSKSARGEN 1.9 5.0 6.9 90.2 2.7 0.2 -0.44 -0.45
ARMM 2.9 5.3 8.2 87.4 4.1 0.4 -0.35 -0.39
Caraga 2.0 6.1 8.1 89.8 1.6 0.5 -0.58 -0.57

Appendix 11. Proportion of underweight among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months), using WHO-
CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation, by
region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n = 17,186)
% Standard 95 % Confidence Interval

Region/ Province CV %
Underweight Error LL UL
Philippines 21.6 0.36 20.9 22.3 1.7
1
NCR 15.2 0.85 13.5 16.9 5.6
District I 13.9 2.00 9.9 17.8 14.4
District II 15.0 1.52 12.0 18.0 10.1
District III 18.2 1.62 15.0 21.3 8.9
District IV 13.6 1.59 10.5 16.7 11.7
CAR 16.8 1.73 13.4 20.2 10.3
Abra 34.5 5.72 23.3 45.7 16.6
Apayao 30.8 5.78 19.4 42.1 18.8
Benguet 9.9 2.44 5.1 14.7 24.7
Ifugao 14.9 2.35 10.3 19.5 15.8
Kalinga 17.0 3.22 10.7 23.3 19.0
Ilocos Region 19.4 1.56 16.4 22.5 8.0
Ilocos Norte 7.1 2.51 2.2 12.0 35.4
Ilocos Sur 19.0 4.06 11.0 27.0 21.4
La Union 19.0 3.53 12.1 25.9 18.6
Pangasinan 22.0 2.15 17.8 26.3 9.8
Cagayan Valley 19.9 1.45 17.1 22.8 7.3
Cagayan 24.7 2.40 20.0 29.4 9.7
Isabela 17.9 2.22 13.5 22.2 12.4
Nueva Vizcaya 17.1 3.95 9.3 24.8 23.1
Quirino 15.0 4.22 6.7 23.3 28.1
Central Luzon 16.7 1.22 14.3 19.1 7.3
Aurora 25.6 7.61 10.7 40.5 29.7
Bataan 11.6 3.95 3.9 19.4 34.0
Bulacan 15.5 2.23 11.1 19.9 14.4
Nueva Ecija 21.0 2.98 15.2 26.9 14.2
Pampanga 12.9 2.35 8.2 17.5 18.3
Tarlac 16.2 3.11 10.1 22.3 19.3
Zambales 22.4 3.59 15.3 29.4 16.1
CALABARZON 19.0 1.03 17.0 21.0 5.4
Batangas 13.8 1.66 10.5 17.1 12.0
Cavite 15.8 1.76 12.3 19.3 11.1
Laguna 20.8 2.61 15.7 25.9 12.5
Quezon 25.8 3.05 19.9 31.8 11.8
Rizal 20.6 2.30 16.1 25.1 11.2
MIMAROPA 31.6 2.40 26.9 36.3 7.6
Marinduque 35.3 5.43 24.7 46.0 15.4
Palawan 34.5 4.02 26.6 42.4 11.7
Romblon 18.5 7.62 3.6 33.5 41.1
Bicol Region 28.5 1.41 25.7 31.2 5.0
Albay 24.9 2.54 19.9 29.8 10.2
Camarines Norte 28.6 5.24 18.3 38.8 18.3
Camarines Sur 26.1 2.30 21.6 30.6 8.8
Catanduanes 38.6 2.30 34.1 43.1 6.0
Masbate 32.7 3.43 26.0 39.4 10.5
Sorsogon 31.2 4.69 22.0 40.4 15.0

Error LL UL
Western Visayas 26.5 1.74 23.1 29.9 6.6
Aklan 24.8 2.39 20.1 29.5 9.6
Antique 30.7 6.46 18.1 43.4 21.0
Capiz 28.7 7.66 13.7 43.8 26.7
Guimaras 22.2 10.87 0.9 43.5 49.0
Iloilo 25.2 2.56 20.2 30.2 10.2
Central Visayas 22.8 1.27 20.3 25.3 5.6
Bohol 27.8 3.21 21.5 34.1 11.6
Cebu 21.2 1.64 18.0 24.4 7.8
Negros Oriental 24.1 2.62 19.0 29.3 10.9
Siquijor 15.6 8.26 -0.6 31.8 52.9
Eastern Visayas 30.0 1.70 26.6 33.3 5.7
Biliran 41.3 9.45 22.8 59.8 22.9
Eastern Samar 30.8 6.04 19.0 42.7 19.6
Leyte 28.2 2.18 23.9 32.4 7.8
Northern Samar 37.1 3.94 29.4 44.9 10.6
Southern Leyte 12.3 4.27 3.9 20.7 34.7
Western Samar 33.5 5.60 22.5 44.4 16.7
2
Bukidnon 19.8 2.64 14.7 25.0 13.3
Camiguin 7.7 5.57 -3.2 18.6 72.2
Lanao del Norte 22.2 2.69 16.9 27.5 12.1
Davao Region 20.8 1.35 18.1 23.4 6.5
Davao del Norte 26.7 2.64 21.5 31.8 9.9
Davao del Sur 19.2 1.94 15.4 23.0 10.1
Davao Oriental 22.4 4.11 14.4 30.5 18.3
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 26.0 1.69 22.7 29.3 6.5
North Cotabato 25.7 3.11 19.6 31.8 12.1
Sarangani 27.6 4.29 19.2 36.0 15.5
South Cotabato 26.0 2.74 20.6 31.4 10.5
Sultan Kudarat 25.9 3.77 18.5 33.3 14.5
4
ARMM 25.0 1.44 22.2 27.8 5.8
5
Basilan 27.2 6.47 14.5 39.9 23.8
Lanao del Sur 20.6 2.24 16.2 25.0 10.9
Maguindanao 26.5 1.94 22.7 30.3 7.3
Sulu 28.4 4.78 19.0 37.8 16.8
Tawi-Tawi 27.5 4.35 19.0 36.0 15.8
Caraga 23.9 1.80 20.3 27.4 7.5
Agusan del Norte 17.8 3.63 10.7 24.9 20.4
Agusan del Sur 25.5 3.10 19.5 31.6 12.1
Surigao del Sur 23.8 3.05 17.8 29.8 12.8
1

Appendix 12. Differences of the proportion of underweight among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60
months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and
2015
Underweight
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
% % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
Sex/Age Group
All 20.2 19.9 21.6 1.4 0.001 1.7 0.000
0-5 m 12.4 12.2 9.2 -3.2 0.006 -3.0 0.015
6-11 m 15.2 15.2 17.0 1.8 0.149 1.8 0.192
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 19.5 20.1 20.8 1.3 0.202 0.7 0.524
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 21.8 21.8 22.6 0.8 0.431 0.8 0.477
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 21.7 22.3 24.4 2.7 0.007 2.1 0.047
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 23.2 21.0 24.9 1.7 0.074 3.9 0.000
Male 20.1 19.4 21.7 1.6 0.008 2.3 0.000
0-5 m 14.0 13.8 9.3 -4.7 0.005 -4.5 0.012
6-11 m 17.2 16.1 20.6 3.4 0.062 4.5 0.028
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 21.4 21.7 24.5 3.1 0.038 2.8 0.082
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 20.8 20.4 21.3 0.5 0.718 0.9 0.553
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 20.9 20.9 23.3 2.4 0.076 2.4 0.097
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 21.4 18.7 22.9 1.5 0.242 4.2 0.001
Female 20.3 20.5 21.6 1.3 0.040 1.1 0.104
0-5 m 10.8 10.6 9.1 -1.7 0.294 -1.5 0.375
6-11 m 12.9 14.3 13.2 0.3 0.858 -1.1 0.549
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 17.5 18.3 17.3 -0.2 0.885 -1.0 0.500
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 23.0 23.4 24.1 1.1 0.462 0.7 0.677
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 22.6 23.6 25.6 3.0 0.042 2.0 0.194
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 25.2 23.4 27.2 2.0 0.156 3.8 0.009
Region
NCR 14.7 12.9 15.2 0.5 0.690 2.3 0.089
CAR 11.9 16.5 16.8 4.9 0.009 0.3 0.890
Ilocos 19.8 21.4 19.4 -0.4 0.834 -2.0 0.308
Cagayan Valley 23.2 20.6 19.9 -3.3 0.112 -0.7 0.740
Central Luzon 15.8 17.7 16.7 0.9 0.543 -1.0 0.515
CALABARZON 14.8 18.1 19.0 4.2 0.001 0.9 0.531
MIMAROPA 24.9 27.5 31.6 6.7 0.009 4.1 0.139
Bicol 25.3 24.6 28.5 3.2 0.073 3.9 0.040
Western Visayas 23.9 26.0 26.5 2.6 0.166 0.5 0.808
Central Visayas 21.6 23.1 22.8 1.2 0.499 -0.3 0.874
Eastern Visayas 25.6 21.7 30.0 4.4 0.023 8.3 0.000
Zamboanga Peninsula 25.2 24.5 21.5 -3.7 0.094 -3.0 0.209
Northern Mindanao 21.9 17.7 20.8 -1.1 0.582 3.1 0.136
Davao 20.1 18.8 20.8 0.7 0.727 2.0 0.343
SOCCSKSARGEN 25.1 23.8 26.0 0.9 0.659 2.2 0.319
ARMM 26.2 21.9 25.0 -1.2 0.513 3.1 0.142
Caraga 23.1 19.8 23.9 0.8 0.705 4.1 0.059

Appendix 13. Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months),
using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of

Error LL UL
Philippines 33.5 0.43 32.6 34.3 1.3
1
NCR 25.2 1.31 22.6 27.7 5.2
District I 24.7 3.33 18.2 31.2 13.5
District II 24.9 2.44 20.1 29.7 9.8
District III 26.9 2.60 21.8 32.0 9.7
District IV 24.2 2.20 19.8 28.5 9.1
CAR 36.8 2.12 32.7 41.0 5.8
Abra 41.6 6.84 28.2 55.0 16.4
Apayao 35.8 7.43 21.2 50.3 20.8
Benguet 32.6 3.29 26.2 39.0 10.1
Ifugao 44.2 4.68 35.0 53.4 10.6
Kalinga 35.2 5.51 24.4 46.0 15.6
Ilocos Region 31.5 1.83 27.9 35.1 5.8
Ilocos Norte 26.3 3.89 18.7 33.9 14.8
Ilocos Sur 33.2 5.65 22.1 44.2 17.0
La Union 31.0 3.75 23.7 38.4 12.1
Pangasinan 32.3 2.53 27.3 37.2 7.9
Cagayan Valley 28.8 1.81 25.3 32.4 6.3
Cagayan 31.1 2.73 25.7 36.4 8.8
Isabela 24.4 2.48 19.6 29.3 10.1
Nueva Vizcaya 31.4 7.15 17.4 45.4 22.8
Quirino 44.1 6.92 30.5 57.7 15.7
Central Luzon 22.9 1.22 20.5 25.3 5.3
Aurora 40.7 14.70 11.8 69.5 36.1
Bataan 15.9 4.94 6.2 25.5 31.2
Bulacan 21.0 2.16 16.8 25.2 10.3
Nueva Ecija 27.2 3.01 21.3 33.1 11.0
Pampanga 20.8 2.31 16.2 25.3 11.1
Tarlac 21.7 2.49 16.8 26.6 11.5
Zambales 22.9 5.04 13.0 32.7 22.0
CALABARZON 27.7 1.24 25.3 30.1 4.4
Batangas 22.1 2.25 17.7 26.5 10.2
Cavite 26.8 2.11 22.7 31.0 7.9
Laguna 28.0 3.03 22.0 33.9 10.8
Quezon 33.4 2.99 27.5 39.2 9.0
Rizal 29.5 2.91 23.8 35.2 9.9
MIMAROPA 40.7 2.45 35.9 45.5 6.0
Marinduque 35.3 5.00 25.5 45.1 14.2
Palawan 39.6 3.84 32.0 47.1 9.7
Romblon 44.2 7.32 29.8 58.5 16.6
Bicol Region 40.2 1.53 37.2 43.2 3.8
Albay 37.1 2.44 32.3 41.9 6.6
Camarines Norte 40.8 5.68 29.7 52.0 13.9
Camarines Sur 37.3 2.67 32.1 42.5 7.2
Catanduanes 59.0 4.27 50.6 67.4 7.2
Masbate 47.9 3.86 40.3 55.5 8.1
Sorsogon 35.6 4.32 27.2 44.1 12.1

Error LL UL
Western Visayas 39.9 1.97 36.0 43.7 4.9
Aklan 39.2 7.77 23.9 54.4 19.8
Antique 45.4 6.34 32.9 57.8 14.0
Capiz 40.1 8.14 24.2 56.1 20.3
Guimaras 36.5 13.04 10.9 62.0 35.8
Iloilo 35.0 2.73 29.6 40.3 7.8
Central Visayas 37.7 1.43 34.9 40.5 3.8
Bohol 39.2 3.01 33.3 45.1 7.7
Cebu 36.5 1.87 32.8 40.1 5.1
Negros Oriental 40.3 3.30 33.8 46.8 8.2
Siquijor 34.0 4.63 24.9 43.0 13.6
Eastern Visayas 42.1 1.90 38.4 45.8 4.5
Biliran 41.3 4.63 32.2 50.4 11.2
Eastern Samar 49.2 6.13 37.2 61.3 12.5
Leyte 37.6 2.69 32.4 42.9 7.1
Northern Samar 46.0 4.96 36.2 55.7 10.8
Southern Leyte 32.9 4.32 24.4 41.4 13.1
Western Samar 53.1 5.62 42.0 64.1 10.6
2
Bukidnon 38.0 2.99 32.1 43.9 7.9
Camiguin 23.1 16.65 -9.6 55.7 72.2
Lanao del Norte 45.4 4.94 35.7 55.1 10.9
Davao Region 31.6 1.87 28.0 35.3 5.9
Davao del Norte 34.2 4.73 24.9 43.5 13.8
Davao del Sur 30.7 2.30 26.2 35.2 7.5
Davao Oriental 34.5 6.20 22.4 46.7 18.0
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 40.2 2.21 35.9 44.6 5.5
North Cotabato 39.1 3.68 31.9 46.3 9.4
Sarangani 51.1 5.36 40.6 61.6 10.5
South Cotabato 37.3 3.90 29.7 45.0 10.4
Sultan Kudarat 42.8 4.80 33.4 52.2 11.2
4
ARMM 45.0 1.93 41.2 48.8 4.3
5
Basilan 48.0 7.62 33.0 62.9 15.9
Lanao del Sur 48.5 3.16 42.3 54.7 6.5
Maguindanao 45.7 2.33 41.2 50.3 5.1
Sulu 40.9 6.92 27.3 54.5 16.9
Tawi-Tawi 40.9 6.23 28.7 53.2 15.2
Caraga 36.3 2.04 32.3 40.3 5.6
Agusan del Norte 33.9 3.64 26.7 41.0 10.8
Agusan del Sur 42.0 4.27 33.6 50.3 10.2
Surigao del Sur 32.8 3.51 25.9 39.6 10.7
1

Appendix 14. Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0
to 60 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011,
2013 and 2015
Stunting
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group
All 33.6 30.3 33.5 -0.1 0.845 3.2 0.000
0-5 m 14.1 13.1 12.7 -1.4 0.275 -0.4 0.751
6-11 m 16.2 16.2 17.3 1.1 0.387 1.1 0.387
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 33.6 31.5 36.2 2.6 0.033 4.7 0.000
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 39.3 35.7 38.4 -0.9 0.455 2.7 0.024
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 41.5 35.4 38.6 -2.9 0.013 3.2 0.005
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 37.4 32.7 36.8 -0.6 0.577 4.1 0.000
Male 35.0 31.5 34.4 -0.6 0.401 2.9 0.000
0-5 m 16.0 16.3 14.3 -1.7 0.365 -2.0 0.288
6-11 m 19.8 17.2 21.1 1.3 0.490 3.9 0.034
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 37.2 35.3 40.7 3.5 0.044 5.4 0.002
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 39.7 36.1 39.5 -0.2 0.905 3.4 0.041
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 42.7 35.5 37.0 -5.7 0.000 1.5 0.342
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 36.4 32.4 35.6 -0.8 0.590 3.2 0.029
Female 32.3 29.1 32.5 0.2 0.785 3.4 0.000
0-5 m 12.1 9.9 11.0 -1.1 0.525 1.1 0.506
6-11 m 12.0 15.1 13.2 1.2 0.467 -1.9 0.273
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 29.5 27.5 31.7 2.2 0.193 4.2 0.012
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 38.9 35.2 37.3 -1.6 0.355 2.1 0.220
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 40.1 35.4 40.3 0.2 0.906 4.9 0.004
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 38.4 33.0 38.0 -0.4 0.797 5.0 0.001
Region
NCR 26.8 22.4 25.2 -1.6 0.302 2.8 0.062
CAR 34.2 32.4 36.8 2.6 0.308 4.4 0.083
Ilocos 29.0 27.4 31.5 2.5 0.261 4.1 0.063
Cagayan Valley 32.1 26.9 28.8 -3.3 0.159 1.9 0.406
Central Luzon 22.2 23.1 22.9 0.7 0.679 -0.2 0.907
CALABARZON 27.5 25.3 27.7 0.2 0.899 2.4 0.124
MIMAROPA 37.2 35.6 40.7 3.5 0.211 5.1 0.067
Bicol 36.8 39.8 40.2 3.4 0.084 0.4 0.840
Western Visayas 41.1 36.9 39.9 -1.2 0.573 3.0 0.155
Central Visayas 38.6 34.6 37.7 -0.9 0.666 3.1 0.133
Eastern Visayas 41.7 36.8 42.1 0.4 0.851 5.3 0.012
Davao 35.2 29.8 31.6 -3.6 0.125 1.8 0.433
SOCCSKSARGEN 42.7 36.3 40.2 -2.5 0.279 3.9 0.087
ARMM 43.5 39.0 45.0 1.5 0.474 6.0 0.004
Caraga 37.3 34.3 36.3 -1.0 0.679 2.0 0.404

Appendix 15. Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60 months), using
WHO-CGS weight-for-height, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of

Error LL UL
Philippines 7.1 0.21 6.7 7.5 3.0
1
NCR 6.4 0.66 5.1 7.7 10.3
District I 5.6 1.43 2.8 8.4 25.5
District II 7.4 1.29 4.8 9.9 17.5
District III 5.6 1.21 3.3 8.0 21.4
District IV 6.2 1.16 3.9 8.4 18.8
CAR 4.4 0.78 2.9 6.0 17.5
Abra 8.7 2.08 4.7 12.8 23.8
Apayao 10.3 4.23 2.0 18.6 41.2
Benguet 2.4 0.86 0.7 4.0 36.5
Ifugao 4.1 1.79 0.6 7.6 43.9
Kalinga 2.1 1.44 -0.7 5.0 67.1
Ilocos Region 6.7 0.96 4.8 8.6 14.2
Ilocos Norte 6.2 2.09 2.1 10.3 33.9
Ilocos Sur 7.6 2.51 2.7 12.6 33.0
La Union 8.9 2.44 4.1 13.7 27.6
Pangasinan 6.0 1.31 3.4 8.6 21.8
Cagayan Valley 7.1 0.88 5.4 8.9 12.3
Cagayan 9.5 1.66 6.2 12.7 17.5
Isabela 5.9 1.18 3.6 8.3 19.9
Nueva Vizcaya 6.7 2.63 1.5 11.8 39.5
Quirino 3.8 2.52 -1.1 8.8 65.7
Central Luzon 7.5 0.83 5.9 9.1 11.1
Aurora 16.9 10.27 -3.3 37.0 60.9
Bataan 4.6 2.70 -0.7 9.9 58.2
Bulacan 8.8 1.79 5.3 12.3 20.3
Nueva Ecija 7.8 1.67 4.5 11.0 21.5
Pampanga 4.7 1.36 2.0 7.3 28.9
Tarlac 6.0 1.56 2.9 9.0 26.2
Zambales 15.0 3.05 9.0 20.9 20.4
CALABARZON 7.6 0.68 6.3 9.0 8.9
Batangas 7.2 1.62 4.0 10.4 22.5
Cavite 6.7 1.49 3.8 9.7 22.2
Laguna 7.8 1.59 4.6 10.9 20.5
Quezon 7.5 1.44 4.6 10.3 19.3
Rizal 8.9 1.32 6.3 11.5 14.9
MIMAROPA 9.6 1.14 7.3 11.8 11.9
Marinduque 13.6 3.40 6.9 20.3 25.0
Palawan 12.3 2.11 8.1 16.4 17.2
Romblon 6.2 4.00 -1.6 14.1 64.3
Bicol Region 8.1 0.72 6.7 9.5 8.9
Albay 10.5 1.66 7.3 13.7 15.8
Camarines Norte 9.4 1.91 5.7 13.2 20.2
Camarines Sur 6.6 1.27 4.1 9.1 19.3
Catanduanes 10.9 2.14 6.8 15.1 19.5
Masbate 8.9 1.92 5.2 12.7 21.5
Sorsogon 4.4 1.38 1.7 7.1 31.3

Error LL UL
Western Visayas 6.3 0.81 4.7 7.9 12.8
Aklan 8.7 4.13 0.6 16.8 47.7
Antique 13.4 3.46 6.6 20.2 25.8
Capiz 4.4 2.32 -0.1 9.0 52.4
Guimaras 6.1 6.34 -6.4 18.5 104.6
Iloilo 6.0 1.26 3.6 8.5 20.9
Central Visayas 6.9 0.80 5.4 8.5 11.5
Bohol 8.4 2.03 4.4 12.4 24.1
Cebu 7.0 1.06 5.0 9.1 15.1
Negros Oriental 5.6 1.39 2.8 8.3 25.0
Siquijor 8.4 9.90 -11.0 27.8 117.3
Eastern Visayas 8.4 0.75 6.9 9.8 8.9
Biliran 13.8 3.83 6.3 21.3 27.8
Eastern Samar 5.9 2.10 1.8 10.0 35.5
Leyte 9.5 1.13 7.3 11.7 11.9
Northern Samar 9.4 2.07 5.4 13.5 22.0
Southern Leyte 3.1 2.10 -1.0 7.3 66.6
Western Samar 6.0 1.46 3.2 8.9 24.3
2
Bukidnon 3.4 1.15 1.1 5.6 34.0
Camiguin 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lanao del Norte 4.2 1.85 0.5 7.8 44.5
Davao Region 6.5 0.82 4.9 8.1 12.6
Compostela Valley 3.1 1.85 -0.5 6.8 58.9
Davao del Norte 7.7 2.09 3.6 11.8 27.2
Davao del Sur 7.3 1.11 5.1 9.5 15.2
Davao Oriental 3.9 1.62 0.7 7.0 41.8
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 6.9 0.83 5.3 8.5 12.1
North Cotabato 7.3 1.56 4.2 10.3 21.5
Sarangani 2.3 1.66 -0.9 5.6 71.8
South Cotabato 7.8 1.42 5.0 10.5 18.3
Sultan Kudarat 6.7 1.74 3.3 10.1 26.1
4
ARMM 8.2 0.93 6.3 10.0 11.4
5
Basilan 5.7 3.88 -1.9 13.3 68.4
Lanao del Sur 5.1 1.12 2.9 7.3 22.1
Maguindanao 5.8 0.89 4.0 7.5 15.3
Sulu 14.4 3.21 8.1 20.7 22.3
Tawi-Tawi 14.3 1.73 10.9 17.7 12.1
Caraga 8.1 0.81 6.5 9.7 10.0
Agusan del Norte 5.2 1.67 2.0 8.5 31.8
Agusan del Sur 5.9 1.04 3.9 8.0 17.4
Surigao del Sur 9.7 1.81 6.1 13.2 18.8
1

Appendix 16. Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0 to 60
months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and
2015
Wasting
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group
All 7.3 7.9 7.1 -0.2 0.009 -0.8 0.008
0-5 m 11.1 13.4 10.9 -0.2 0.056 -2.5 0.055
6-11 m 11.9 11.3 11.6 -0.3 0.802 0.3 0.801
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 9.1 10.6 9.2 0.1 0.086 -1.4 0.084
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 6.6 6.4 5.7 -0.9 0.280 -0.7 0.276
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 4.5 5.8 5.4 0.9 0.486 -0.4 0.484
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 5.5 5.5 5.1 -0.4 0.442 -0.4 0.441
Male 7.5 8.2 7.8 0.3 0.360 -0.4 0.357
0-5 m 12.6 13.6 9.6 -3.0 0.026 -4.0 0.025
6-11 m 13.2 12.7 13.6 0.3 0.652 0.8 0.651
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 9.2 11.1 10.2 1.0 0.446 -0.9 0.443
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 6.5 6.7 6.0 -0.5 0.444 -0.7 0.439
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 4.5 6.5 6.4 1.9 0.907 -0.1 0.907
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 5.0 5.1 5.6 0.6 0.493 0.5 0.491
Female 7.1 7.5 6.4 -0.7 0.009 -1.1 0.009
0-5 m 9.4 13.2 12.2 2.8 0.598 -1.0 0.597
6-11 m 10.4 9.9 9.5 -0.9 0.801 -0.4 0.800
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 9.1 10.0 8.1 -1.0 0.088 -1.9 0.086
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 6.7 6.1 5.4 -1.3 0.446 -0.7 0.443
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 4.4 5.0 4.4 0.0 0.428 -0.6 0.426
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 6.0 6.0 4.5 -1.5 0.044 -1.5 0.043
Region
NCR 6.7 6.4 6.4 -0.3 1.000 0.0 1.000
CAR 4.7 5.9 4.5 -0.3 0.239 -1.5 0.237
Ilocos 9.9 9.8 6.7 -3.2 0.021 -3.1 0.020
Cagayan Valley 10.4 7.9 7.1 -3.3 0.564 -0.8 0.562
Central Luzon 6.9 8.3 7.5 0.6 0.469 -0.8 0.466
CALABARZON 6.5 8.7 7.6 1.1 0.276 -1.1 0.274
MIMAROPA 10.5 9.8 9.6 -0.9 0.912 -0.2 0.911
Bicol 8.4 7.4 8.1 -0.3 0.544 0.7 0.542
Western Visayas 5.8 8.9 6.3 0.5 0.034 -2.6 0.033
Central Visayas 5.3 7.9 6.9 1.6 0.398 -1.0 0.396
Eastern Visayas 7.8 7.8 8.4 0.6 0.636 0.6 0.635
Zamboanga Peninsula 7.0 8.0 7.1 0.1 0.549 -0.9 0.548
Northern Mindanao 7.3 7.0 3.9 -3.4 0.009 -3.1 0.009
Davao 7.2 7.5 6.5 -0.7 0.457 -1.0 0.456
SOCCSKSARGEN 7.2 6.7 6.9 -0.3 0.877 0.2 0.876
ARMM 10.0 8.5 8.2 -1.8 0.827 -0.3 0.826
Caraga 8.6 7.5 8.1 -0.5 0.671 0.6 0.670

Appendix 17. Differences of the proportion of overweight-for-height among children, 0 to 5.0 years old (0
2013 and 2015
Overweight-for-height
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group
All 4.3 5.0 3.8 -0.5 0.032 -1.2 0.000
0-5 m 8.1 9.9 6.9 -1.2 0.214 -3.0 0.006
6-11 m 4.1 5.0 4.2 0.1 0.837 -0.8 0.331
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.6 4.4 3.1 -1.5 0.002 -1.3 0.010
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 4.1 4.8 3.8 -0.3 0.562 -1.0 0.074
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 4.2 4.2 3.7 -0.5 0.252 -0.5 0.274
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 3.0 4.8 3.4 0.4 0.296 -1.4 0.002
Male 4.7 5.4 4.0 -0.7 0.016 -1.4 0.000
0-5 m 8.4 10.1 7.9 -0.5 0.732 -2.2 0.173
6-11 m 3.9 5.0 3.7 -0.2 0.823 -1.3 0.218
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.7 4.3 3.4 -1.3 0.060 -0.9 0.205
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 4.4 5.6 3.2 -1.2 0.082 -2.4 0.002
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 5.2 5.0 4.2 -1.0 0.168 -0.8 0.297
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 3.4 5.2 3.5 0.1 0.859 -1.7 0.009
Female 3.9 4.6 3.7 -0.2 0.548 -0.9 0.008
0-5 m 7.8 9.6 5.8 -2.0 0.143 -3.8 0.012
6-11 m 4.3 5.1 4.8 0.5 0.616 -0.3 0.810
12-23 m (1.0-1.99 y) 4.5 4.6 2.8 -1.7 0.012 -1.8 0.012
24-35 m (2.0-2.99 y) 3.8 3.9 4.4 0.6 0.373 0.5 0.506
36-47 m (3.0-3.99 y) 3.1 3.3 3.0 -0.1 0.907 -0.3 0.667
48-60 m (4.0-5.0 y) 2.5 4.3 3.3 0.8 0.129 -1.0 0.125
Region
NCR 6.2 6.5 6.0 -0.2 0.776 -0.5 0.566
CAR 5.3 6.1 3.2 -2.1 0.047 -2.9 0.014
Ilocos 6.3 5.4 3.2 -3.1 0.003 -2.2 0.027
Cagayan Valley 3.2 5.7 3.8 0.6 0.530 -1.9 0.084
Central Luzon 5.1 6.2 5.9 0.8 0.398 -0.3 0.743
CALABARZON 5.9 6.6 4.9 -1.0 0.201 -1.7 0.044
MIMAROPA 3.4 5.5 3.2 -0.2 0.823 -2.3 0.061
Bicol 3.4 3.8 2.6 -0.8 0.225 -1.2 0.098
Western Visayas 3.5 4.6 3.3 -0.2 0.769 -1.3 0.139
Central Visayas 2.6 3.6 2.6 0.0 0.977 -1.0 0.209
Eastern Visayas 3.4 3.2 2.3 -1.1 0.113 -0.9 0.209
Zamboanga Peninsula 4.4 2.6 2.6 -1.8 0.063 0.0 1.000
Davao 3.1 3.4 2.7 -0.4 0.605 -0.7 0.418
SOCCSKSARGEN 2.4 3.5 2.7 0.3 0.666 -0.8 0.376
ARMM 3.9 3.9 4.1 0.2 0.800 0.2 0.831
Caraga 1.9 3.7 1.6 -0.3 0.682 -2.1 0.012

Appendix 18. Proportion of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months), using
WHO-CGS weight-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of
95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Philippines 31.2 0.39 30.4 31.9 1.3
1
NCR 20.9 1.18 18.6 23.2 5.6
District I 28.2 3.65 21.0 35.3 13.0
District II 19.8 1.86 16.2 23.5 9.4
District III 20.3 2.79 14.8 25.8 13.7
District IV 19.3 1.79 15.7 22.8 9.3
CAR 19.3 1.58 16.2 22.4 8.2
Abra 29.5 3.85 22.0 37.1 13.0
Apayao 46.1 5.69 35.0 57.3 12.3
Benguet 12.8 2.19 8.6 17.1 17.0
Ifugao 21.6 6.07 9.7 33.5 28.1
Kalinga 19.7 3.79 12.2 27.1 19.3
Ilocos Region 27.5 1.43 24.7 30.3 5.2
Ilocos Norte 25.5 4.67 16.4 34.7 18.3
Ilocos Sur 17.9 2.83 12.4 23.5 15.8
La Union 26.6 2.06 22.5 30.6 7.8
Pangasinan 30.1 2.07 26.0 34.2 6.9
Cagayan Valley 26.8 1.49 23.9 29.7 5.5
Cagayan 28.8 2.68 23.5 34.0 9.3
Isabela 25.3 2.11 21.2 29.5 8.3
Nueva Vizcaya 28.7 4.33 20.2 37.2 15.1
Quirino 24.2 5.83 12.8 35.7 24.0
Central Luzon 23.9 1.27 21.4 26.4 5.3
Aurora 31.3 15.66 0.6 62.0 50.0
Bataan 20.1 6.72 6.9 33.2 33.5
Bulacan 24.3 2.68 19.0 29.5 11.0
Nueva Ecija 28.6 2.50 23.7 33.5 8.7
Pampanga 20.9 2.15 16.7 25.1 10.3
Tarlac 20.8 3.28 14.4 27.2 15.8
Zambales 22.6 3.37 16.0 29.2 14.9
CALABARZON 28.8 1.21 26.4 31.2 4.2
Batangas 25.5 2.69 20.2 30.7 10.6
Cavite 25.2 2.63 20.0 30.4 10.4
Laguna 28.7 3.04 22.8 34.7 10.6
Quezon 41.3 2.25 36.9 45.7 5.4
Rizal 26.3 2.43 21.5 31.0 9.2
MIMAROPA 42.2 2.41 37.5 46.9 5.7
Marinduque 46.6 6.17 34.5 58.7 13.2
Palawan 44.2 3.67 37.0 51.4 8.3
Romblon 26.0 4.91 16.4 35.7 18.9
Bicol Region 38.9 1.37 36.2 41.6 3.5
Albay 36.4 2.88 30.7 42.1 7.9
Camarines Norte 25.5 3.37 18.9 32.1 13.2
Camarines Sur 35.6 2.26 31.2 40.1 6.3
Catanduanes 44.6 5.58 33.6 55.5 12.5
Masbate 51.2 3.30 44.8 57.7 6.4
Sorsogon 43.8 3.90 36.1 51.4 8.9

95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Western Visayas 38.9 1.63 35.7 42.1 4.2
Aklan 44.8 11.38 22.5 67.1 25.4
Antique 49.4 6.51 36.6 62.2 13.2
Capiz 40.5 5.64 29.4 51.6 13.9
Guimaras 23.5 6.82 10.2 36.9 29.0
Iloilo 37.8 2.83 32.3 43.4 7.5
Central Visayas 34.3 1.45 31.4 37.1 4.2
Bohol 35.6 3.29 29.2 42.1 9.2
Cebu 34.3 2.03 30.3 38.3 5.9
Negros Oriental 32.7 2.72 27.3 38.0 8.3
Siquijor 40.0 3.46 33.2 46.8 8.6
Eastern Visayas 39.9 1.52 37.0 42.9 3.8
Biliran 52.7 6.37 40.2 65.2 12.1
Eastern Samar 33.9 4.20 25.6 42.1 12.4
Leyte 37.7 1.96 33.8 41.5 5.2
Northern Samar 45.5 5.39 34.9 56.0 11.9
Southern Leyte 33.8 6.69 20.7 46.9 19.8
Western Samar 45.7 3.58 38.7 52.7 7.8
2
Bukidnon 27.0 2.34 22.4 31.6 8.7
Camiguin 21.1 4.27 12.7 29.5 20.2
Lanao del Norte 29.0 2.91 23.3 34.7 10.0
Davao Region 30.1 1.60 27.0 33.3 5.3
Davao del Norte 32.8 3.90 25.2 40.5 11.9
Davao del Sur 27.6 2.17 23.4 31.9 7.9
Davao Oriental 37.4 3.24 31.0 43.7 8.7
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 35.7 1.67 32.4 39.0 4.7
North Cotabato 32.5 2.87 26.9 38.1 8.8
Sarangani 41.4 4.00 33.5 49.2 9.7
South Cotabato 34.7 2.90 29.1 40.4 8.4
Sultan Kudarat 40.4 3.87 32.9 48.0 9.6
4
ARMM 38.1 1.69 34.7 41.4 4.4
5
Basilan 41.1 3.92 33.4 48.8 9.5
Lanao del Sur 31.2 2.89 25.6 36.9 9.2
Maguindanao 37.5 2.59 32.4 42.6 6.9
Sulu 48.1 4.80 38.7 57.5 10.0
Tawi-Tawi 37.6 2.24 33.3 42.0 5.9
Caraga 35.4 1.71 32.0 38.8 4.8
Agusan del Norte 30.3 3.63 23.2 37.4 12.0
Agusan del Sur 37.4 2.91 31.7 43.1 7.8
Surigao del Sur 31.3 3.36 24.7 37.8 10.7
1

Appendix 19. Differences of the proportion of underweight among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to
120 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013
and 2015
Underweight
Disaggregation/ Variable 2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group
All 32.1 29.1 31.2 -0.9 0.042 2.1 0.017
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 27.8 25.7 29.0 1.2 0.250 3.3 0.408
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 29.5 25.7 28.8 -0.7 0.457 3.1 0.250
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 33.8 29.1 32.0 -1.8 0.080 2.9 0.065
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 31.9 31.4 32.2 0.3 0.734 0.8 0.038
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 36.3 32.4 33.3 -3.0 0.003 0.9 0.002
Male 34.1 31.1 33.8 -0.3 0.608 2.7 0.000
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 26.7 26.4 29.1 2.4 0.118 2.7 0.558
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 32.0 27.4 29.1 -2.9 0.740 1.7 0.108
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 37.8 32.7 29.1 -8.7 0.261 -3.6 0.000
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 35.2 35.0 29.1 -6.1 0.574 -5.9 0.012
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 37.2 33.2 29.1 -8.1 0.051 -4.1 0.002
Female 29.9 26.8 29.1 -0.8 0.026 2.3 0.025
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 28.8 24.9 29.1 0.3 0.884 4.2 0.000
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 26.9 23.9 29.1 2.2 0.126 5.2 0.001
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 29.3 25.4 29.1 -0.2 0.288 3.7 0.142
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 28.4 27.6 29.1 0.7 0.961 1.5 0.274
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 35.4 31.4 29.1 -6.3 0.023 -2.3 0.147
Region
NCR 25.8 20.5 20.9 -4.9 0.001 0.4 0.552
CAR 17.9 19.7 19.3 1.4 0.466 -0.4 0.745
Ilocos 29.8 25.8 27.5 -2.3 0.227 1.7 0.202
Cagayan Valley 26.9 23.7 26.8 -0.1 0.970 3.1 0.001
Central Luzon 25.2 26.4 23.9 -1.3 0.423 -2.5 0.000
CALABARZON 27.1 25.2 28.8 1.7 0.254 3.6 0.449
MIMAROPA 40.4 40.0 42.2 1.8 0.467 2.2 0.405
Bicol 39.6 38.5 38.9 -0.7 0.706 0.4 0.569
Western Visayas 40.4 34.6 38.9 -1.5 0.430 4.3 0.000
Central Visayas 36.6 31.1 34.3 -2.3 0.228 3.2 0.029
Eastern Visayas 37.8 38.5 39.9 2.1 0.269 1.4 0.975
Davao 32.4 31.0 30.1 -2.3 0.276 -0.9 0.955
SOCCSKSARGEN 36.2 32.2 35.7 -0.5 0.809 3.5 0.008
ARMM 37.0 30.9 38.1 1.1 0.564 7.2 0.000
Caraga 34.6 26.4 35.4 0.8 0.709 9.0 0.018

Appendix 20. Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120
months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
95 % Confidence
% Standard Interval
Stunting Error
LL UL
Philippines 31.1 0.42 30.2 31.9 1.4
1
NCR 20.5 1.26 18.1 23.0 6.1
District I 29.3 3.67 22.1 36.5 12.5
District II 18.6 1.83 15.0 22.2 9.8
District III 22.9 2.96 17.1 28.7 12.9
District IV 16.9 2.21 12.6 21.3 13.1
CAR 29.4 1.82 25.8 32.9 6.2
Abra 30.9 3.86 23.3 38.4 12.5
Apayao 34.1 8.02 18.3 49.8 23.5
Benguet 22.7 2.77 17.3 28.1 12.2
Ifugao 40.6 3.64 33.4 47.7 9.0
Kalinga 34.4 5.80 23.0 45.7 16.9
Ilocos Region 25.1 1.58 22.0 28.1 6.3
Ilocos Norte 23.5 4.10 15.4 31.5 17.5
Ilocos Sur 16.6 3.73 9.3 23.9 22.4
La Union 29.2 4.57 20.3 38.2 15.6
Pangasinan 25.9 2.04 21.9 29.9 7.9
Cagayan Valley 27.7 1.60 24.6 30.9 5.8
Cagayan 28.0 2.96 22.2 33.8 10.6
Isabela 25.0 2.18 20.7 29.2 8.7
Nueva Vizcaya 32.7 3.97 24.9 40.5 12.1
Quirino 37.8 8.66 20.9 54.8 22.9
Central Luzon 19.5 1.22 17.1 21.9 6.3
Aurora 22.8 13.01 -2.8 48.3 57.2
Bataan 15.4 5.15 5.3 25.5 33.5
Bulacan 20.0 2.49 15.1 24.9 12.4
Nueva Ecija 20.9 2.33 16.4 25.5 11.1
Pampanga 18.3 2.40 13.6 23.0 13.1
Tarlac 20.4 3.45 13.6 27.1 16.9
Zambales 16.1 3.70 8.9 23.4 23.0
CALABARZON 24.7 1.19 22.4 27.0 4.8
Batangas 21.5 2.20 17.2 25.8 10.2
Cavite 25.3 2.29 20.9 29.8 9.0
Laguna 24.1 2.66 18.9 29.4 11.0
Quezon 34.8 3.60 27.8 41.9 10.3
Rizal 19.1 2.45 14.3 23.9 12.8
MIMAROPA 39.3 2.90 33.6 45.0 7.4
Marinduque 35.8 11.58 13.0 58.5 32.4
Palawan 40.5 3.86 32.9 48.1 9.5
Romblon 34.7 5.29 24.4 45.1 15.2
Bicol Region 36.0 1.38 33.3 38.7 3.8
Albay 31.7 2.71 26.4 37.0 8.6
Camarines Norte 31.5 2.20 27.2 35.8 7.0
Camarines Sur 30.9 2.52 26.0 35.8 8.1
Catanduanes 43.4 6.76 30.2 56.7 15.6
Masbate 49.3 2.99 43.5 55.2 6.1
Sorsogon 39.3 4.01 31.5 47.2 10.2

95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Western Visayas 36.2 1.67 32.9 39.4 4.6
Aklan 43.4 9.70 24.4 62.4 22.3
Antique 41.2 6.22 29.0 53.4 15.1
Capiz 33.8 6.12 21.8 45.8 18.1
Guimaras 14.7 6.81 1.4 28.1 46.3
Iloilo 34.0 2.93 28.3 39.8 8.6
Central Visayas 33.8 1.50 30.8 36.7 4.5
Bohol 34.7 3.25 28.3 41.1 9.4
Cebu 33.4 1.94 29.6 37.2 5.8
Negros Oriental 34.3 3.62 27.2 41.4 10.5
Siquijor 28.0 2.94 22.2 33.8 10.5
Eastern Visayas 41.7 1.76 38.2 45.1 4.2
Biliran 52.7 6.71 39.6 65.9 12.7
Eastern Samar 41.4 6.95 27.8 55.1 16.8
Leyte 37.1 2.14 32.9 41.2 5.8
Northern Samar 47.6 5.34 37.1 58.1 11.2
Southern Leyte 39.6 6.21 27.4 51.8 15.7
Western Samar 48.3 4.88 38.7 57.8 10.1
2
Bukidnon 44.7 2.61 39.6 49.8 5.8
Camiguin 17.5 12.33 -6.6 41.7 70.3
Lanao del Norte 38.0 3.52 31.1 44.9 9.3
Davao Region 31.6 1.88 27.9 35.3 5.9
Davao del Norte 33.9 4.57 24.9 42.8 13.5
Davao del Sur 29.3 2.55 24.3 34.3 8.7
Davao Oriental 39.4 5.21 29.2 49.6 13.2
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 38.8 1.71 35.4 42.2 4.4
North Cotabato 35.4 2.61 30.3 40.5 7.4
Sarangani 50.0 4.97 40.3 59.8 9.9
South Cotabato 35.4 2.57 30.3 40.4 7.3
Sultan Kudarat 45.1 4.58 36.2 54.1 10.1
4
ARMM 44.0 2.28 39.5 48.5 5.2
5
Basilan 52.0 6.45 39.4 64.7 12.4
Lanao del Sur 48.1 4.19 39.8 56.3 8.7
Maguindanao 42.7 2.41 38.0 47.4 5.7
Sulu 45.6 5.95 33.9 57.3 13.1
Tawi-Tawi 31.1 6.28 18.8 43.4 20.2
Caraga 38.0 2.07 34.0 42.1 5.4
Agusan del Norte 33.8 4.33 25.3 42.2 12.8
Agusan del Sur 44.3 3.51 37.4 51.2 7.9
Surigao del Sur 34.7 4.05 26.8 42.7 11.7
1

Appendix 21. Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old
(61 to 120 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011,
2013 and 2015
Stunting
Sex/Age Group
All 33.6 29.9 31.1 -2.5 0.000 1.2 0.013
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 33.5 30.0 32.4 -1.1 0.331 2.4 0.040
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 32.7 28.8 30.2 -2.5 0.015 1.4 0.199
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 33.4 28.4 30.6 -2.8 0.006 2.2 0.039
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 31.9 30.4 30.7 -1.2 0.236 0.3 0.781
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 36.5 31.3 31.7 -4.8 0.000 0.4 0.697
Male 35.8 31.5 33.5 -2.3 0.001 2.0 0.004
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 35.2 32.7 34.8 -0.4 0.804 2.1 0.205
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 35.1 30.7 32.9 -2.2 0.131 2.2 0.155
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 36.2 30.6 33.4 -2.8 0.054 2.8 0.067
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 34.9 32.5 34.0 -0.9 0.534 1.5 0.328
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 37.0 31.1 32.5 -4.5 0.002 1.4 0.330
Female 31.4 28.1 28.5 -2.9 0.000 0.4 0.557
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 31.9 27.2 29.8 -2.1 0.186 2.6 0.114
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 30.2 26.8 27.3 -2.9 0.046 0.5 0.744
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 30.1 26.2 27.7 -2.4 0.095 1.5 0.312
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 28.6 28.2 27.2 -1.4 0.320 -1.0 0.506
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 36.0 31.5 30.8 -5.2 0.000 -0.7 0.634
Region
NCR 25.6 18.8 20.5 -5.1 0.001 1.7 0.249
CAR 32.3 29.9 29.4 -2.9 0.208 -0.5 0.837
Ilocos 28.1 26.0 25.1 -3.0 0.111 -0.9 0.638
Cagayan Valley 27.6 23.0 27.7 0.1 0.962 4.7 0.032
Central Luzon 22.2 20.4 19.5 -2.7 0.076 -0.9 0.558
CALABARZON 26.2 22.9 24.7 -1.5 0.301 1.8 0.224
MIMAROPA 40.3 37.8 39.3 -1.0 0.687 1.5 0.569
Bicol 36.6 40.1 36.0 -0.6 0.729 -4.1 0.027
Western Visayas 40.2 33.4 36.2 -4.0 0.039 2.8 0.159
Central Visayas 38.2 33.4 33.8 -4.4 0.024 0.4 0.840
Eastern Visayas 42.2 41.7 41.7 -0.5 0.799 0.0 1.000
Davao 40.3 34.5 31.6 -8.7 0.000 -2.9 0.183
SOCCSKSARGEN 41.5 38.8 38.8 -2.7 0.196 0.0 1.000
ARMM 41.8 38.8 44.0 2.2 0.239 5.2 0.018
Caraga 37.8 34.4 38.0 0.2 0.927 3.6 0.124

Appendix 22. Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61 to 120 months),
using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Philippines 8.4 0.21 8.0 8.8 2.5
1
NCR 7.5 0.71 6.1 8.9 9.5
District I 10.2 2.27 5.8 14.6 22.2
District II 6.3 1.17 4.0 8.6 18.6
District III 8.1 1.55 5.1 11.2 19.0
District IV 7.3 1.15 5.0 9.5 15.8
CAR 4.3 0.67 3.0 5.6 15.6
Abra 4.6 1.63 1.4 7.8 35.8
Apayao 22.1 5.83 10.7 33.5 26.4
Benguet 2.0 0.96 0.2 3.9 47.2
Ifugao 6.5 2.88 0.9 12.2 44.3
Kalinga 2.2 0.94 0.3 4.0 43.0
Ilocos Region 9.7 0.91 7.9 11.5 9.4
Ilocos Norte 10.4 2.97 4.6 16.2 28.6
Ilocos Sur 6.0 2.11 1.9 10.2 35.0
La Union 8.9 1.74 5.5 12.3 19.6
Pangasinan 10.6 1.25 8.2 13.1 11.8
Cagayan Valley 7.2 0.94 5.4 9.1 13.0
Cagayan 7.5 1.76 4.1 11.0 23.4
Isabela 8.0 1.33 5.4 10.6 16.7
Nueva Vizcaya 4.9 2.65 -0.3 10.1 54.4
Quirino 4.6 2.45 -0.2 9.4 53.5
Central Luzon 8.9 0.71 7.5 10.3 8.0
Aurora 17.1 10.34 -3.2 37.4 60.6
Bataan 10.7 3.96 3.0 18.5 36.8
Bulacan 6.7 1.23 4.3 9.1 18.3
Nueva Ecija 12.1 1.57 9.1 15.2 12.9
Pampanga 7.6 1.49 4.7 10.5 19.6
Tarlac 9.0 1.60 5.8 12.1 17.8
Zambales 8.7 2.68 3.4 13.9 30.9
CALABARZON 9.8 0.74 8.4 11.3 7.6
Batangas 9.3 1.96 5.5 13.2 20.9
Cavite 8.4 1.29 5.8 10.9 15.4
Laguna 10.6 1.93 6.8 14.4 18.2
Quezon 10.7 1.43 7.9 13.5 13.4
Rizal 10.7 1.46 7.9 13.6 13.6
MIMAROPA 11.8 1.22 9.4 14.2 10.4
Marinduque 9.3 3.55 2.3 16.2 38.4
Palawan 11.6 2.32 7.1 16.2 20.0
Romblon 12.1 3.87 4.6 19.7 31.9
Bicol Region 10.9 0.76 9.4 12.3 7.0
Albay 9.4 1.45 6.6 12.3 15.4
Camarines Norte 5.8 2.02 1.9 9.8 34.7
Camarines Sur 10.9 0.95 9.1 12.8 8.7
Catanduanes 11.3 3.06 5.2 17.3 27.2
Masbate 13.3 2.41 8.6 18.0 18.1
Sorsogon 13.8 2.84 8.2 19.3 20.6

95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Western Visayas 10.0 0.72 8.6 11.4 7.2
Aklan 13.8 4.65 4.6 22.9 33.8
Antique 9.4 3.05 3.4 15.3 32.6
Capiz 14.7 1.86 11.1 18.4 12.6
Guimaras 11.8 4.00 3.9 19.6 34.0
Iloilo 10.6 1.07 8.5 12.7 10.1
Central Visayas 8.8 0.88 7.0 10.5 10.1
Bohol 7.6 1.49 4.7 10.5 19.6
Cebu 7.8 1.15 5.6 10.1 14.7
Negros Oriental 11.5 2.23 7.1 15.9 19.3
Siquijor 16.0 2.84 10.4 21.6 17.8
Eastern Visayas 8.3 0.82 6.7 9.9 9.9
Biliran 18.9 5.29 8.5 29.3 28.0
Eastern Samar 4.1 2.53 -0.9 9.0 62.3
Leyte 8.1 1.14 5.9 10.4 14.1
Northern Samar 9.4 1.65 6.2 12.7 17.5
Southern Leyte 4.0 2.21 -0.4 8.3 55.6
Western Samar 10.1 2.36 5.5 14.8 23.4
2
Bukidnon 2.6 1.07 0.5 4.7 41.3
Camiguin 7.2 2.19 2.9 11.5 30.5
Lanao del Norte 6.0 2.68 0.7 11.2 44.8
Davao Region 6.7 0.71 5.3 8.1 10.7
Davao del Norte 6.7 1.43 3.9 9.5 21.5
Davao del Sur 7.2 1.06 5.1 9.3 14.7
Davao Oriental 5.4 1.56 2.4 8.5 28.8
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 7.5 0.85 5.9 9.2 11.3
North Cotabato 7.8 1.17 5.5 10.1 15.0
Sarangani 4.8 1.64 1.6 8.0 34.3
South Cotabato 10.2 1.77 6.8 13.7 17.3
Sultan Kudarat 4.1 1.32 1.5 6.7 32.2
4
ARMM 6.3 0.77 4.8 7.8 12.3
5
Basilan 7.7 3.49 0.8 14.5 45.5
Lanao del Sur 2.2 0.72 0.8 3.6 32.6
Maguindanao 6.8 1.88 3.1 10.5 27.7
Sulu 8.9 1.62 5.8 12.1 18.1
Tawi-Tawi 10.4 0.66 9.2 11.7 6.3
Caraga 7.7 0.97 5.8 9.6 12.6
Agusan del Norte 8.1 1.80 4.6 11.6 22.1
Agusan del Sur 3.1 1.04 1.1 5.2 33.1
Surigao del Sur 8.1 2.18 3.9 12.4 26.7
1

Appendix 23. Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years old (61
2013 and 2015
Wasting
Sex/Age Group
All 8.5 8.6 8.4 -0.1 0.718 -0.2 0.495
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.6 5.0 6.1 0.5 0.376 1.1 0.058
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 7.7 6.3 6.6 -1.1 0.055 0.3 0.610
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 8.5 9.4 9.0 0.5 0.421 -0.4 0.553
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 9.4 9.6 9.1 -0.3 0.636 -0.5 0.462
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 10.8 11.7 10.7 -0.1 0.880 -1.0 0.152
Male 8.8 9.4 9.0 0.2 0.612 -0.4 0.345
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.6 5.3 5.8 0.2 0.799 0.5 0.534
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 7.8 6.7 7.0 -0.8 0.321 0.3 0.721
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 9.3 10.4 10.4 1.1 0.227 0.0 1.000
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 9.6 10.7 10.0 0.4 0.659 -0.7 0.480
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 11.2 12.8 11.1 -0.1 0.915 -1.7 0.089
Female 8.1 7.8 7.8 -0.3 0.437 0.0 1.000
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 5.7 4.7 6.3 0.6 0.461 1.6 0.055
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 7.5 5.9 6.1 -1.4 0.083 0.2 0.807
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 7.5 8.4 7.5 0.0 1.000 -0.9 0.317
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 9.2 8.5 8.1 -1.1 0.213 -0.4 0.666
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 10.3 10.6 10.3 0.0 1.000 -0.3 0.758
Region
NCR 8.2 7.9 7.5 -0.7 0.453 -0.4 0.686
CAR 3.0 4.3 4.3 1.3 0.165 0.0 1.000
Ilocos 10.3 9.8 9.7 -0.6 0.639 -0.1 0.939
Cagayan Valley 9.0 7.9 7.2 -1.8 0.155 -0.7 0.595
Central Luzon 11.0 11.6 8.9 -2.1 0.061 -2.7 0.020
CALABARZON 8.6 9.2 9.8 1.2 0.213 0.6 0.556
MIMAROPA 11.1 12.6 11.8 0.7 0.664 -0.8 0.651
Bicol 11.6 10.6 10.9 -0.7 0.538 0.3 0.800
Western Visayas 9.8 10.6 10.0 0.2 0.867 -0.6 0.635
Central Visayas 7.1 7.5 8.8 1.7 0.120 1.3 0.258
Eastern Visayas 6.1 7.6 8.3 2.2 0.033 0.7 0.532
Davao 6.1 6.9 6.7 0.6 0.589 -0.2 0.864
SOCCSKSARGEN 6.4 6.0 7.5 1.1 0.310 1.5 0.191
ARMM 9.3 7.3 6.3 -3.0 0.003 -1.0 0.367
Caraga 7.2 6.6 7.7 0.5 0.672 1.1 0.382

Appendix 24. Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese among children, 5.08 to 10.0 years
old (61 to 120 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2011, 2013 and 2015
Overweight and Obese

Sex/Age Group
All 7.4 9.1 8.6 1.2 0.000 -0.5 0.094
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 7.7 7.9 7.6 -0.1 0.876 -0.3 0.657
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 7.0 9.3 8.3 1.3 0.028 -1.0 0.138
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 7.3 9.4 7.9 0.6 0.303 -1.5 0.022
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 7.1 9.3 8.5 1.4 0.017 -0.8 0.229
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 8.4 9.4 10.6 2.2 0.000 1.2 0.071
Male 8.2 9.9 8.8 0.6 0.120 -1.1 0.010
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 8.7 8.1 7.8 -0.9 0.333 -0.3 0.751
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 7.2 9.7 8.5 1.3 0.116 -1.2 0.207
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 7.9 10.8 6.9 -1.0 0.211 -3.9 0.000
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 8.0 9.9 9.0 1.0 0.239 -0.9 0.344
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 9.4 10.9 11.7 2.3 0.012 0.8 0.413
Female 6.7 8.2 8.4 1.7 0.000 0.2 0.632
5.08-5.99 y (61-71 m) 6.7 7.7 7.4 0.7 0.425 -0.3 0.755
6.0-6.99 y (72-83 m) 6.6 8.9 8.1 1.5 0.073 -0.8 0.403
7.0-7.99 y (84-95 m) 6.4 8.1 8.8 2.4 0.004 0.7 0.452
8.0-8.99 y (96-107 m) 6.3 8.7 7.9 1.6 0.047 -0.8 0.388
9.0-10.0 y (108-120 m) 7.3 7.7 9.5 2.2 0.009 1.8 0.044
Region
NCR 12.6 16.6 17.9 5.3 0.000 1.3 0.354
CAR 10.8 11.7 9.9 -0.9 0.553 -1.8 0.275
Ilocos 9.6 9.8 9.2 -0.4 0.748 -0.6 0.641
Cagayan Valley 7.1 9.2 9.1 2.0 0.118 -0.1 0.945
Central Luzon 11.1 11.9 12.5 1.4 0.248 0.6 0.634
CALABARZON 12.1 12.1 11.3 -0.8 0.455 -0.8 0.473
MIMAROPA 4.0 5.4 5.2 1.2 0.253 -0.2 0.869
Bicol 4.0 4.6 4.0 0.0 1.000 -0.6 0.437
Western Visayas 4.4 5.2 7.1 2.7 0.004 1.9 0.061
Central Visayas 4.3 7.9 6.0 1.7 0.057 -1.9 0.074
Eastern Visayas 4.3 4.7 4.9 0.6 0.471 0.2 0.821
Northern Mindanao 4.0 6.7 5.0 1.0 0.283 -1.7 0.123
Davao 6.4 5.8 5.2 -1.2 0.254 -0.6 0.569
SOCCSKSARGEN 4.3 6.0 6.4 2.1 0.028 0.4 0.716
ARMM 4.4 4.9 4.2 -0.2 0.794 -0.7 0.445
Caraga 3.2 6.2 5.2 2.0 0.026 -1.0 0.372

Appendix 25. Proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228
months), using WHO-CGS height-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
95 % Confidence
% Standard Interval
Stunting Error
LL UL
Philippines 31.9 0.37 31.2 32.6 1.2
1
NCR 24.3 0.93 22.5 26.1 3.8
District I 27.6 3.05 21.6 33.6 11.1
District II 22.9 1.51 19.9 25.8 6.6
District III 27.1 1.65 23.9 30.4 6.1
District IV 22.5 1.92 18.7 26.2 8.5
CAR 27.2 1.91 23.5 31.0 7.0
Abra 24.2 3.80 16.7 31.6 15.7
Apayao 43.2 8.61 26.3 60.1 19.9
Benguet 20.4 2.56 15.4 25.4 12.6
Ifugao 41.0 2.49 36.1 45.9 6.1
Kalinga 30.2 6.26 17.9 42.4 20.8
Ilocos Region 22.6 1.02 20.7 24.6 4.5
Ilocos Norte 21.0 3.35 14.4 27.6 15.9
Ilocos Sur 23.3 2.92 17.6 29.1 12.5
La Union 24.5 3.01 18.6 30.4 12.3
Pangasinan 22.4 1.22 20.0 24.7 5.5
Cagayan Valley 25.4 1.27 22.9 27.9 5.0
Cagayan 27.4 2.41 22.6 32.1 8.8
Isabela 23.2 1.51 20.2 26.1 6.5
Nueva Vizcaya 27.2 4.05 19.3 35.2 14.9
Quirino 29.8 6.40 17.3 42.4 21.5
Central Luzon 22.0 1.36 19.4 24.7 6.2
Aurora 35.8 10.06 16.0 55.5 28.1
Bataan 20.2 3.23 13.9 26.6 16.0
Bulacan 26.5 3.39 19.8 33.1 12.8
Nueva Ecija 21.2 1.87 17.6 24.9 8.8
Pampanga 15.8 2.73 10.4 21.1 17.3
Tarlac 18.7 2.12 14.5 22.8 11.3
Zambales 28.4 4.27 20.1 36.8 15.0
CALABARZON 26.2 1.08 24.1 28.3 4.1
Batangas 22.6 2.17 18.3 26.8 9.6
Cavite 27.9 3.00 22.0 33.8 10.7
Laguna 27.9 2.28 23.5 32.4 8.2
Quezon 32.3 1.70 29.0 35.6 5.3
Rizal 21.9 2.29 17.4 26.4 10.5
MIMAROPA 37.9 1.86 34.2 41.5 4.9
Marinduque 30.0 4.53 21.2 38.9 15.1
Palawan 37.6 3.19 31.4 43.9 8.5
Romblon 39.7 3.58 32.7 46.7 9.0
Bicol Region 39.0 1.21 36.6 41.4 3.1
Albay 37.1 2.86 31.5 42.7 7.7
Camarines Norte 34.9 3.48 28.1 41.7 10.0
Camarines Sur 36.3 1.85 32.7 39.9 5.1
Catanduanes 42.8 7.17 28.7 56.8 16.8
Masbate 44.5 3.00 38.7 50.4 6.7
Sorsogon 42.5 2.89 36.8 48.1 6.8

95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Western Visayas 36.5 1.36 33.8 39.1 3.7
Aklan 34.8 4.58 25.8 43.8 13.2
Antique 46.0 5.35 35.5 56.5 11.6
Capiz 28.5 3.89 20.9 36.1 13.6
Guimaras 22.9 12.64 -1.8 47.7 55.1
Iloilo 34.5 2.10 30.3 38.6 6.1
Central Visayas 35.5 1.54 32.5 38.6 4.3
Bohol 38.0 3.17 31.7 44.2 8.4
Cebu 36.5 1.89 32.9 40.2 5.2
Negros Oriental 31.6 4.07 23.6 39.6 12.9
Siquijor 21.0 2.54 16.0 26.0 12.1
Eastern Visayas 42.3 1.43 39.5 45.1 3.4
Biliran 37.7 8.36 21.3 54.1 22.2
Eastern Samar 41.8 3.86 34.2 49.3 9.3
Leyte 41.0 1.80 37.5 44.6 4.4
Northern Samar 41.9 5.14 31.8 52.0 12.3
Southern Leyte 42.4 5.53 31.5 53.2 13.1
Western Samar 47.0 3.24 40.6 53.3 6.9
2
Bukidnon 47.6 2.72 42.2 52.9 5.7
Camiguin 29.0 13.48 2.5 55.4 46.5
Lanao del Norte 40.3 3.21 34.0 46.6 8.0
Davao Region 32.8 1.58 29.7 35.9 4.8
Davao del Norte 34.2 3.33 27.6 40.7 9.8
Davao del Sur 30.0 2.15 25.8 34.2 7.2
Davao Oriental 46.3 5.33 35.9 56.8 11.5
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 41.1 1.60 38.0 44.3 3.9
North Cotabato 38.8 2.51 33.8 43.7 6.5
Sarangani 48.6 5.51 37.8 59.4 11.3
South Cotabato 38.3 2.84 32.7 43.9 7.4
Sultan Kudarat 46.8 3.93 39.1 54.5 8.4
4
ARMM 44.9 2.30 40.4 49.5 5.1
5
Basilan 47.7 5.30 37.3 58.1 11.1
Lanao del Sur 51.5 2.69 46.2 56.8 5.2
Maguindanao 43.8 2.55 38.8 48.8 5.8
Sulu 38.8 8.65 21.8 55.8 22.3
Tawi-Tawi 34.7 5.63 23.7 45.8 16.2
Caraga 37.6 1.65 34.3 40.8 4.4
Agusan del Norte 38.2 3.43 31.5 44.9 9.0
Agusan del Sur 44.3 2.92 38.6 50.1 6.6
Surigao del Sur 33.7 2.39 29.0 38.4 7.1
1

Appendix 26. Differences of the proportion of underheight/stunting among children, 10 to 19 years old
(121 to 228 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2011, 2013 and 2015
Stunting
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group
All 35.7 31.6 31.9 -3.8 0.000 0.3 0.425
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 37.0 32.3 32.4 -4.6 0.000 0.1 0.873
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 33.2 29.9 30.2 -3.0 0.000 0.3 0.624
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 37.2 32.9 33.5 -3.7 0.000 0.5 0.413
Male 37.8 34.0 33.3 -4.5 0.000 -0.7 0.188
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 38.5 34.6 34.5 -4.0 0.000 0.0 0.911
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 36.0 32.1 31.6 -4.4 0.000 -0.5 0.566
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 39.2 35.7 34.1 -5.1 0.000 -1.6 0.113
Female 33.4 29.1 30.4 -3.0 0.000 1.3 0.015
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 35.2 30.0 30.2 -5.0 0.000 0.2 0.819
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 30.4 27.6 28.7 -1.7 0.046 1.1 0.200
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 34.9 29.9 32.8 -2.1 0.045 2.9 0.006
Region
NCR 28.1 22.7 24.3 -3.8 0.001 1.6 0.172
CAR 35.6 30.0 27.2 -8.4 0.000 -2.7 0.154
Ilocos 25.0 26.0 22.6 -2.4 0.077 -3.4 0.015
Cagayan Valley 27.8 24.8 25.4 -2.4 0.124 0.6 0.707
Central Luzon 23.2 22.3 22.0 -1.2 0.301 -0.3 0.799
CALABARZON 28.4 27.1 26.2 -2.2 0.051 -0.9 0.440
MIMAROPA 38.6 36.1 37.9 -0.7 0.707 1.8 0.354
Bicol 39.3 38.0 39.0 -0.3 0.825 1.0 0.479
Western Visayas 43.0 34.7 36.5 -6.5 0.000 1.7 0.219
Central Visayas 41.3 38.0 35.5 -5.8 0.000 -2.5 0.098
Eastern Visayas 45.3 40.7 42.3 -3.0 0.045 1.6 0.312
Davao 41.8 34.4 32.8 -9.0 0.000 -1.6 0.362
SOCCSKSARGEN 45.4 41.9 41.1 -4.3 0.011 -0.8 0.648
ARMM 45.8 42.6 44.9 -0.9 0.607 2.4 0.251
Caraga 43.2 39.1 37.6 -5.6 0.002 -1.6 0.422

Appendix 27. Proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old (121 to 228 months),
using WHO-Growth Reference BMI-for-age, standard error, confidence interval, and
95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Philippines 12.5 0.23 12.1 12.9 1.8
1
NCR 13.5 0.77 12.0 15.0 5.7
District I 13.0 2.29 8.5 17.5 17.7
District II 12.7 1.10 10.6 14.9 8.6
District III 16.3 1.57 13.3 19.4 9.6
District IV 12.4 1.59 9.3 15.5 12.8
CAR 5.5 0.93 3.7 7.4 16.7
Abra 9.1 1.92 5.4 12.9 21.1
Apayao 9.6 2.24 5.2 14.0 23.3
Benguet 3.5 0.83 1.8 5.1 24.0
Ifugao 10.2 6.14 -1.8 22.3 60.0
Kalinga 4.1 1.59 1.0 7.2 38.7
Ilocos Region 13.4 0.84 11.7 15.0 6.3
Ilocos Norte 12.4 2.15 8.2 16.6 17.3
Ilocos Sur 12.9 2.22 8.6 17.3 17.2
La Union 10.4 1.90 6.7 14.2 18.2
Pangasinan 14.4 1.12 12.2 16.6 7.8
Cagayan Valley 12.7 0.90 10.9 14.4 7.1
Cagayan 12.3 1.27 9.8 14.8 10.4
Isabela 14.0 1.42 11.2 16.8 10.1
Nueva Vizcaya 9.4 2.51 4.5 14.3 26.8
Quirino 9.2 3.30 2.7 15.6 36.0
Central Luzon 13.8 0.70 12.4 15.1 5.1
Aurora 12.2 2.51 7.3 17.2 20.5
Bataan 18.0 2.99 12.1 23.8 16.7
Bulacan 13.4 1.28 10.9 15.9 9.6
Nueva Ecija 14.6 1.49 11.7 17.6 10.2
Pampanga 12.1 1.40 9.3 14.8 11.6
Tarlac 13.9 2.08 9.8 17.9 15.0
Zambales 15.3 3.51 8.5 22.2 22.9
CALABARZON 13.9 0.74 12.4 15.3 5.4
Batangas 13.1 1.59 10.0 16.2 12.1
Cavite 15.0 1.90 11.3 18.7 12.7
Laguna 14.5 1.51 11.5 17.5 10.4
Quezon 13.6 1.34 11.0 16.2 9.8
Rizal 12.9 1.66 9.7 16.2 12.8
MIMAROPA 14.0 1.27 11.5 16.5 9.1
Marinduque 12.6 3.64 5.5 19.7 28.9
Palawan 14.2 2.37 9.6 18.9 16.7
Romblon 10.7 2.96 4.9 16.5 27.6
Bicol Region 15.7 0.79 14.1 17.2 5.0
Albay 16.4 1.86 12.7 20.0 11.3
Camarines Norte 17.9 2.90 12.2 23.6 16.2
Camarines Sur 14.8 1.29 12.2 17.3 8.7
Catanduanes 10.5 3.59 3.4 17.5 34.3
Masbate 14.7 1.67 11.4 18.0 11.4
Sorsogon 17.9 1.91 14.1 21.6 10.7

95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Error
LL UL
Western Visayas 15.0 0.75 13.5 16.5 5.0
Aklan 13.1 4.19 4.9 21.3 31.9
Antique 17.0 3.32 10.5 23.5 19.5
Capiz 13.8 1.34 11.2 16.5 9.6
Guimaras 16.4 3.11 10.3 22.5 19.0
Iloilo 13.9 1.32 11.3 16.5 9.5
Central Visayas 12.2 0.82 10.6 13.8 6.7
Bohol 12.5 1.88 8.8 16.2 15.1
Cebu 12.4 1.10 10.2 14.5 8.9
Negros Oriental 11.2 1.61 8.1 14.4 14.3
Siquijor 16.6 4.14 8.5 24.7 24.9
Eastern Visayas 11.4 0.82 9.7 13.0 7.2
Biliran 17.7 6.66 4.7 30.8 37.6
Eastern Samar 3.6 1.27 1.1 6.1 35.0
Leyte 12.5 1.17 10.2 14.8 9.4
Northern Samar 10.9 2.81 5.4 16.5 25.7
Southern Leyte 11.1 1.71 7.7 14.4 15.5
Western Samar 12.4 1.91 8.6 16.1 15.4
2
Bukidnon 6.6 1.12 4.5 8.8 16.8
Camiguin 16.2 7.56 1.3 31.0 46.8
Lanao del Norte 10.1 1.48 7.2 13.0 14.6
Davao Region 9.2 0.82 7.6 10.8 9.0
Davao del Norte 7.6 1.44 4.8 10.4 19.0
Davao del Sur 9.5 1.20 7.2 11.9 12.6
Davao Oriental 8.5 2.03 4.5 12.5 23.9
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 9.7 0.82 8.0 11.3 8.5
North Cotabato 9.6 1.60 6.4 12.7 16.7
Sarangani 12.9 2.56 7.9 17.9 19.8
South Cotabato 9.1 1.16 6.8 11.4 12.8
Sultan Kudarat 9.1 1.62 6.0 12.3 17.7
4
ARMM 9.6 1.62 6.5 12.8 16.8
5
Basilan 7.8 3.53 0.9 14.7 45.3
Lanao del Sur 3.5 0.80 1.9 5.0 23.0
Maguindanao 11.7 2.07 7.7 15.8 17.7
Sulu 11.9 6.94 -1.7 25.6 58.1
Tawi-Tawi 17.0 2.45 12.2 21.8 14.4
Caraga 7.8 0.75 6.3 9.3 9.6
Agusan del Norte 8.8 1.60 5.6 11.9 18.3
Agusan del Sur 6.4 1.26 4.0 8.9 19.6
Surigao del Sur 7.9 1.43 5.1 10.7 18.1
1

Appendix 28. Differences of the proportion of thinness/wasting among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years old
(121 to 228 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2011, 2013 and 2015
Wasting
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group
All 12.7 12.4 12.5 -0.2 0.437 0.1 0.708
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 14.3 14.3 14.0 -0.3 0.498 -0.3 0.521
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 13.2 12.4 12.7 -0.5 0.250 0.3 0.498
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 9.7 10.0 10.4 0.7 0.119 0.4 0.396
Male 14.8 15.0 15.1 0.3 0.432 0.1 0.804
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 15.0 15.7 15.3 0.3 0.636 -0.4 0.557
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 16.5 15.8 16.7 0.2 0.765 0.9 0.193
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 12.5 13.3 13.0 0.5 0.459 -0.3 0.675
Female 10.3 9.7 9.7 -0.6 0.075 0.0 1.000
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 13.5 13.0 12.6 -0.9 0.143 -0.4 0.531
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 9.7 9.0 8.4 -1.3 0.015 -0.6 0.264
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 6.5 6.4 7.5 1.0 0.076 1.1 0.060
Region
NCR 14.2 12.7 13.5 -0.7 0.448 0.8 0.391
CAR 5.0 6.0 5.5 0.5 0.592 -0.5 0.621
Ilocos 13.8 12.8 13.4 -0.4 0.714 0.6 0.585
Cagayan Valley 12.4 11.0 12.7 0.3 0.798 1.7 0.154
Central Luzon 14.9 14.4 13.8 -1.1 0.258 -0.6 0.542
CALABARZON 14.4 15.5 13.9 -0.5 0.570 -1.6 0.086
MIMAROPA 14.4 16.1 14.0 -0.4 0.765 -2.1 0.145
Bicol 14.9 13.9 15.7 0.8 0.425 1.8 0.082
Western Visayas 14.4 14.6 15.0 0.6 0.565 0.4 0.713
Central Visayas 9.9 11.9 12.2 2.3 0.016 0.3 0.769
Eastern Visayas 10.8 10.0 11.4 0.6 0.527 1.4 0.160
Davao 8.9 9.2 9.2 0.3 0.771 0.0 1.000
SOCCSKSARGEN 10.2 9.5 9.7 -0.5 0.625 0.2 0.849
ARMM 12.9 11.8 9.6 -3.3 0.003 -2.2 0.075
Caraga 10.2 9.0 7.8 -2.4 0.020 -1.2 0.259

Appendix 29. Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese among children, 10.08 to 19.0 years
old (121 to 228 months), by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines,
2011, 2013 and 2015
Overweight and Obese
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group
All 6.7 8.3 9.2 2.5 0.000 0.9 0.000
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 8.2 10.3 10.8 2.6 0.000 0.5 0.225
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 5.8 7.0 8.3 2.5 0.000 1.3 0.000
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 5.7 7.4 8.2 2.5 0.000 0.9 0.056
Male 6.8 8.6 9.4 2.6 0.000 0.7 0.013
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 9.1 11.4 12.1 3.0 0.000 0.7 0.249
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 5.8 7.4 7.8 2.0 0.000 0.4 0.421
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 4.9 6.8 8.0 3.1 0.000 1.2 0.031
Female 6.6 7.9 8.9 2.3 0.000 1.0 0.002
10.08-12.99 y (121-155m) 7.2 9.1 9.3 2.1 0.000 0.2 0.717
13.00-15.99 y (156-191m) 5.8 6.6 8.8 3.0 0.000 2.2 0.000
16.00-19.0y (192-228m) 6.7 8.0 8.5 1.8 0.002 0.5 0.428
Region
NCR 11.2 14.7 16.1 4.9 0.000 1.4 0.160
CAR 11.4 11.6 11.4 0.0 1.000 -0.2 0.885
Ilocos 9.0 8.6 11.1 2.1 0.028 2.4 0.010
Cagayan Valley 6.9 7.8 10.1 3.2 0.001 2.3 0.029
Central Luzon 9.6 10.8 12.7 3.1 0.000 1.9 0.037
CALABARZON 8.9 9.6 11.8 2.9 0.000 2.1 0.007
MIMAROPA 3.9 4.7 4.1 0.2 0.790 -0.6 0.468
Bicol 3.0 4.2 3.6 0.6 0.229 -0.6 0.284
Western Visayas 4.6 5.5 6.6 2.0 0.003 1.1 0.133
Central Visayas 4.8 6.0 7.1 2.3 0.001 1.1 0.157
Eastern Visayas 3.6 4.9 5.7 2.1 0.001 0.8 0.268
Davao 5.4 7.1 7.2 1.8 0.040 0.1 0.917
SOCCSKSARGEN 5.4 5.7 7.4 2.0 0.017 1.7 0.054
ARMM 4.0 5.3 4.3 0.3 0.668 -0.9 0.241
Caraga 4.3 6.8 5.5 1.2 0.121 -1.3 0.157

Appendix 30. Percent distribution of BMI among adults, 18.0 years old and over, using WHO BMI
classification, by age, sex, and region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 87,750)
BMI (%)*
Disaggregation/ CED/ Overweight Mean Median
Variable Thin and Obese BMI BMI
<18.5 18.5 to 24.9 25.0 to 29.9 ≥30.0 ≥25.0
Philippines 11.2 58.9 23.3 6.6 29.9 23.2 22.6
18-19.08* 28.0 62.8 6.9 2.3 9.2 20.5 19.8
19.09-19.99 25.5 63.8 7.9 2.9 10.8 20.8 20.1
20.0-29.99 13.6 65.6 16.0 4.7 20.8 22.3 21.6
30.0-39.99 7.0 59.3 25.8 7.9 33.7 23.8 23.2
40.0-49.99 6.0 54.9 30.0 9.1 39.1 24.3 23.8
50.0-59.99 9.0 54.6 28.9 7.5 36.4 23.8 23.5
60.0-69.99 14.0 55.9 24.4 5.7 30.1 23.0 22.7
> 70.0y 23.1 58.1 15.5 3.3 18.8 21.6 21.1
Male 10.9 63.2 21.0 4.8 25.8 22.8 22.2
18-19.08* 27.7 62.3 7.7 2.3 10.0 20.6 19.9
19.09-19.99 23.5 65.9 7.6 3.0 10.6 20.8 20.1
20.0-29.99 12.0 68.0 15.8 4.2 19.9 22.3 21.6
30.0-39.99 7.0 63.2 24.0 5.8 29.8 23.3 22.8
40.0-49.99 6.3 60.6 26.6 6.5 33.1 23.7 23.1
50.0-59.99 9.3 60.5 25.1 5.2 30.3 23.2 22.8
60.0-69.99 14.7 60.4 21.8 3.0 24.9 22.4 22.1
> 70.0y 23.2 62.3 12.6 1.9 14.5 21.2 20.7
Female 11.4 54.7 25.5 8.4 33.9 23.6 23.1
18-19.08* 28.4 63.3 6.0 2.3 8.4 20.5 19.8
19.09-19.99 27.7 61.4 8.2 2.8 11.0 20.8 20.2
20.0-29.99 15.5 62.7 16.4 5.4 21.8 22.4 21.6
30.0-39.99 6.9 55.4 27.7 10.0 37.7 24.2 23.7
40.0-49.99 5.8 49.6 33.1 11.5 44.6 24.8 24.4
50.0-59.99 8.7 49.5 32.2 9.6 41.8 24.3 24.1
60.0-69.99 13.3 52.1 26.7 7.9 34.6 23.5 23.3
> 70.0y 23.0 55.3 17.5 4.3 21.8 21.8 21.4
Region
NCR 10.6 53.3 26.8 9.3 36.1 23.8 23.4
CAR 6.2 59.4 26.8 7.6 34.3 23.8 23.2
Ilocos 12.8 60.6 22.0 4.7 26.6 22.8 22.3
Cagayan Valley 11.8 63.3 20.2 4.7 24.9 22.6 22.1
Central Luzon 11.4 57.2 24.6 6.9 31.5 23.4 22.9
CALABARZON 10.9 55.9 25.0 8.1 33.1 23.5 23.0
MIMAROPA 14.0 63.0 17.8 5.2 22.9 22.4 21.9
Bicol 12.9 62.9 19.8 4.4 24.2 22.6 22.0
Western Visayas 14.8 62.6 18.4 4.2 22.6 22.3 21.8
Central Visayas 11.2 60.5 22.4 5.9 28.3 23.0 22.4
Eastern Visayas 9.1 59.7 24.2 6.9 31.1 23.4 22.8
Davao 11.5 62.1 21.2 5.2 26.4 22.8 22.2
SOCCSKSARGEN 10.7 64.8 19.2 5.3 24.5 22.7 21.9
ARMM 8.2 61.3 23.8 6.8 30.6 23.4 22.8

Appendix 31. Proportion of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adults, 20 years old and over, using
Body Mass Index, standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation, by
region and province: Philippines, 2015 (n = 82,821)

Region/ Province % CED CV %
Error LL UL
Philippines 10.3 0.13 10.0 10.5 1.2
1
NCR 9.3 0.38 8.6 10.1 4.0
District I 9.4 1.12 7.4 11.8 11.9
District II 9.0 0.52 8.1 10.1 5.7
District III 9.9 0.86 8.3 11.7 8.7
District IV 9.4 0.83 7.8 11.1 8.9
CAR 5.8 0.53 4.9 7.0 9.1
Abra 12.6 2.28 8.7 17.8 18.1
Apayao 13.2 2.59 8.8 19.1 19.7
Benguet 2.3 0.48 1.5 3.4 21.0
Ifugao 5.3 1.24 3.3 8.3 23.4
Kalinga 7.0 1.19 5.0 9.8 17.0
Ilocos Region 11.9 0.47 11.0 12.8 3.9
Ilocos Norte 9.8 1.45 7.3 13.1 14.7
Ilocos Sur 11.1 1.05 9.2 13.3 9.5
La Union 14.3 1.07 12.3 16.5 7.5
Pangasinan 11.8 0.63 10.6 13.1 5.3
Cagayan Valley 11.3 0.52 10.3 12.4 4.6
Cagayan 11.6 0.90 10.0 13.5 7.8
Isabela 11.9 0.79 10.4 13.6 6.7
Nueva Vizcaya 7.9 0.98 6.2 10.1 12.4
Quirino 11.8 2.17 8.2 16.8 18.3
Central Luzon 10.2 0.39 9.5 11.0 3.8
Aurora 7.8 2.73 3.9 15.1 35.0
Bataan 11.5 2.59 7.3 17.6 22.5
Bulacan 8.6 0.73 7.3 10.2 8.5
Nueva Ecija 12.2 0.73 10.9 13.7 6.0
Pampanga 9.2 0.88 7.6 11.1 9.5
Tarlac 10.7 0.78 9.3 12.4 7.2
Zambales 13.2 1.50 10.5 16.4 11.4
CALABARZON 10.1 0.36 9.4 10.8 3.6
Batangas 11.1 0.94 9.4 13.1 8.5
Cavite 9.5 0.74 8.1 11.0 7.8
Laguna 10.2 0.68 8.9 11.6 6.7
Quezon 11.7 0.77 10.3 13.3 6.5
Rizal 8.5 0.90 6.9 10.4 10.6
MIMAROPA 13.3 0.73 11.9 14.8 5.5
Marinduque 13.9 1.82 10.7 17.9 13.1
Palawan 12.8 1.30 10.5 15.6 10.1
Romblon 14.2 1.96 10.8 18.5 13.8
Bicol Region 11.7 0.49 10.7 12.7 4.2
Albay 12.4 1.08 10.4 14.7 8.8
Camarines Norte 11.5 1.21 9.4 14.1 10.5
Camarines Sur 11.2 0.95 9.5 13.2 8.4
Catanduanes 12.1 2.94 7.4 19.1 24.4
Masbate 10.9 1.05 9.0 13.1 9.6
Sorsogon 12.1 1.08 10.2 14.4 8.9


Region/ Province % CED CV %
Error LL UL
Western Visayas 14.0 0.55 12.9 15.1 3.9
Aklan 11.7 1.31 9.4 14.5 11.2
Antique 18.1 2.30 14.1 23.1 12.7
Capiz 11.3 1.89 8.1 15.5 16.8
Guimaras 12.9 3.42 7.5 21.2 26.5
Iloilo 13.3 0.92 11.6 15.2 6.9
Central Visayas 10.3 0.52 9.3 11.4 5.1
Bohol 12.0 1.08 10.1 14.3 9.0
Cebu 9.6 0.73 8.3 11.1 7.5
Negros Oriental 11.2 0.95 9.5 13.2 8.4
Siquijor 8.3 4.03 3.1 20.4 48.4
Eastern Visayas 8.3 0.44 7.5 9.2 5.3
Biliran 10.4 1.55 7.7 13.8 14.9
Eastern Samar 4.5 1.09 2.8 7.2 24.1
Leyte 9.4 0.74 8.0 10.9 7.8
Northern Samar 7.7 1.05 5.9 10.1 13.6
Southern Leyte 8.1 0.66 6.9 9.5 8.2
Western Samar 7.3 1.04 5.5 9.6 14.4
2
Bukidnon 9.2 0.97 7.5 11.3 10.5
Camiguin 9.9 2.55 5.9 16.2 25.7
Lanao del Norte 8.2 1.02 6.4 10.4 12.5
Davao Region 8.0 0.45 7.2 8.9 5.6
Davao del Norte 6.2 0.85 4.7 8.1 13.7
Davao del Sur 8.9 0.66 7.7 10.3 7.4
Davao Oriental 7.9 1.14 5.9 10.4 14.5
3
SOCCSKSARGEN 11.0 0.61 9.8 12.2 5.6
North Cotabato 11.5 1.16 9.4 14.0 10.1
Sarangani 11.6 1.54 9.0 15.0 13.2
South Cotabato 9.6 0.82 8.1 11.3 8.5
Sultan Kudarat 12.3 1.56 9.6 15.8 12.7
4
ARMM 10.2 0.74 8.8 11.7 7.3
5
Basilan 12.4 3.01 7.6 19.6 24.3
Lanao del Sur 5.9 0.97 4.2 8.1 16.5
Maguindanao 11.8 1.15 9.7 14.3 9.7
Sulu 11.7 1.86 8.5 15.8 16.0
Tawi-Tawi 11.1 1.31 8.7 13.9 11.8
Caraga 7.7 0.47 6.8 8.7 6.1
Agusan del Norte 8.2 0.83 6.7 9.9 10.2
Agusan del Sur 7.8 1.03 6.0 10.1 13.2
Surigao del Sur 8.0 0.99 6.3 10.2 12.4
1
National Capital Region includes all the four districts and cities therein. 2Although administratively Isabela City is the capital of the province of Basilan, it
is not part of the ARMM and is placed under Zamboanga Peninsula Region. However, in generating provincial estimates, the city is included in the province
of Basilan. 3Cotabato City is the regional center of ARMM but the city is actually part of SOCCSKSARGEN and does not belong to the ARMM. Thus, in
generating provincial estimates, Cotabato City is classified under the province of Cotabato. 4Excluding the cities of Isabela and Cotabato. 5Including the
City of Isabela.

Appendix 32. Differences of the proportion of chronic energy deficiency (CED) among adults, 18.0 years
old and above, by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011,
2013 and 2015
Chronic Energy Deficient

Sex/Age Group
All 10.0 10.0 10.3 0.3 0.000 0.3 0.082
18-19.99y 14.9 15.1 16.6 1.7 0.000 1.4 0.061
20-29y 13.7 13.1 13.6 -0.1 0.000 0.5 0.191
30-39y 6.9 6.4 7.0 0.1 0.000 0.6 0.046
40-49y 6.2 6.4 6.0 -0.2 0.000 -0.4 0.168
50-59y 9.3 8.7 9.0 -0.3 0.000 0.2 0.520
60-69y 14.4 13.6 14.0 -0.4 0.000 0.4 0.418
≥70y 23.4 23.5 23.1 -0.3 0.000 -0.5 0.559
Male 9.2 9.4 10.0 0.7 0.000 0.5 0.012
18-19.99y 15.3 15.9 17.1 1.8 0.000 1.2 0.238
20-29y 11.6 10.8 12.0 0.4 0.349 1.2 0.013
30-39y 6.4 6.4 7.0 0.6 0.162 0.6 0.150
40-49y 5.8 6.2 6.3 0.5 0.197 0.1 0.896
50-59y 9.2 9.2 9.3 0.1 0.951 0.1 0.870
60-69y 15.8 14.2 14.7 -1.1 0.158 0.5 0.516
≥70y 23.3 23.7 23.2 -0.1 0.957 -0.5 0.694
Female 10.7 10.5 10.5 -0.1 0.000 0.1 0.749
18-19.99y 14.4 14.3 15.9 1.5 0.000 1.6 0.146
20-29y 16.5 15.6 15.5 -1.0 0.000 -0.1 0.875
30-39y 7.4 6.3 6.9 -0.5 0.000 0.6 0.160
40-49y 6.5 6.5 5.8 -0.7 0.000 -0.7 0.039
50-59y 9.3 8.4 8.7 -0.6 0.000 0.3 0.464
60-69y 13.3 13.0 13.3 0.0 0.000 0.3 0.622
≥70y 23.5 23.4 23.0 -0.5 0.000 -0.4 0.665
Region
NCR 8.1 7.4 9.9 1.8 0.000 2.5 0.000
CAR 9.6 10.1 6.1 -3.5 0.000 -4.0 0.000
Ilocos 12.3 12.2 12.2 -0.1 0.000 0.0 0.988
Cagayan Valley 10.5 12.0 11.5 1.0 0.000 -0.5 0.429
Central Luzon 10.1 10.1 10.6 0.5 0.000 0.5 0.318
CALABARZON 12.9 13.0 10.4 -2.5 0.000 -2.6 0.001
MIMAROPA 7.6 7.7 13.8 6.2 0.000 6.1 0.000
Bicol 10.7 9.8 12.1 1.4 0.000 2.3 0.000
Western Visayas 11.5 12.6 14.1 2.6 0.000 1.5 0.044
Central Visayas 11.8 11.8 10.8 -1.0 0.000 -1.0 0.113
Eastern Visayas 12.5 13.9 8.6 -3.9 0.000 -5.3 0.000
Davao 10.1 9.5 8.4 -1.7 0.000 -1.1 0.108
SOCCSKSARGEN 8.4 7.6 11.1 2.7 0.000 3.5 0.000
ARMM 8.4 7.8 10.2 1.8 0.000 2.4 0.000
Caraga 4.9 5.8 7.7 2.8 0.000 1.9 0.003
*18-19.08y Based on CGS
*19.08-19.99y Based on WHO
**For totals in Male, Female, both sexes, only adults aged 20 years and above are included.

Appendix 33. Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese among adults, 18.0 years old and
above, by age, sex, and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and
2015
Overweight/Obese
Sex/Age Group
All 28.4 31.2 31.1 2.7 0.000 -0.1 0.644
18-19.99y 6.8 9.3 9.9 3.1 0.000 0.6 0.294
20-29y 16.9 20.4 20.8 3.9 0.000 0.4 0.374
30-39y 31.5 34.6 33.7 2.2 0.000 -0.9 0.132
40-49y 36.8 38.5 39.1 2.3 0.000 0.6 0.256
50-59y 34.7 36.5 36.4 1.7 0.002 -0.1 0.885
60-69y 27.9 30.0 30.1 2.2 0.001 0.1 0.882
≥70y 20.2 20.2 18.8 -1.4 0.074 -1.3 0.075
Male 24.6 27.6 26.8 2.2 0.000 -0.8 0.020
18-19.99y 6.0 8.2 9.9 3.9 0.000 1.7 0.039
20-29y 16.6 21.1 19.9 3.3 0.000 -1.2 0.059
30-39y 29.1 30.9 29.8 0.7 0.374 -1.2 0.142
40-49y 31.4 33.5 33.1 1.7 0.023 -0.5 0.536
50-59y 28.4 29.8 30.3 1.9 0.014 0.5 0.519
60-69y 22.1 25.1 24.9 2.8 0.003 -0.3 0.760
≥70y 14.2 16.1 14.5 0.3 0.795 -1.6 0.131
Female 32.0 34.5 35.2 3.1 0.000 0.7 0.043
18-19.99y 7.7 10.4 9.9 2.2 0.012 -0.5 0.581
20-29y 17.4 19.5 21.8 4.4 0.000 2.2 0.002
30-39y 33.8 38.0 37.7 3.9 0.000 -0.3 0.696
40-49y 41.4 42.8 44.6 3.2 0.000 1.8 0.017
50-59y 39.9 42.3 41.8 1.9 0.014 -0.5 0.501
60-69y 32.4 34.0 34.6 2.2 0.022 0.5 0.580
≥70y 24.2 23.0 21.8 -2.4 0.021 -1.3 0.219
Region
NCR 29.5 32.8 36.1 6.6 0.000 3.3 0.001
CAR 25.7 27.2 34.3 8.6 0.000 7.1 0.000
Ilocos 26.1 27.3 26.6 0.5 0.581 -0.7 0.416
Cagayan Valley 23.0 25.1 24.9 1.9 0.044 -0.3 0.765
Central Luzon 31.9 32.6 31.4 -0.5 0.566 -1.1 0.159
CALABARZON 18.8 23.2 33.1 14.3 0.000 9.9 0.000
MIMAROPA 27.6 34.9 23.0 -4.6 0.000 -11.9 0.000
Bicol 30.2 33.2 24.2 -6.0 0.000 -9.0 0.000
Western Visayas 21.9 24.7 22.6 0.7 0.451 -2.1 0.026
Central Visayas 22.5 24.7 28.3 5.8 0.000 3.7 0.000
Eastern Visayas 21.9 22.9 31.1 9.2 0.000 8.3 0.000
Davao 24.9 25.9 33.3 8.4 0.000 7.4 0.000
SOCCSKSARGEN 27.7 33.9 26.4 -1.3 0.199 -7.5 0.000
ARMM 36.2 39.9 24.5 -11.7 0.000 -15.4 0.000
Caraga 30.4 34.5 30.6 0.2 0.883 -3.9 0.001
*18-19.08y Based on CGS
*19.08-19.99y Based on WHO
**For totals in Male, Female, both sexes, only adults aged 20 years and above are included.

Appendix 34. Differences of the proportion of high waist circumference among adults, 20 years old and
above, by age and sex, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and 2015
High Waist Circumference

Sex/Age Group
Males 3.2 3.8 3.0 -0.2 0.116 -0.8 0.000
20-29 1.4 2.2 1.9 0.5 0.012 -0.3 0.174
30-39 3.4 3.3 2.5 -0.9 0.001 -0.8 0.005
40-49 4.5 4.7 3.8 -0.7 0.024 -0.9 0.004
50-59 4.8 5.5 4.4 -0.4 0.260 -1.1 0.003
60-69 4.4 4.5 3.5 -0.9 0.035 -1.0 0.019
>70 y 3.4 3.6 2.9 -0.5 0.345 -0.7 0.181
Females 19.9 23.1 18.5 -1.4 0.000 -4.6 0.000
20-29 8.2 10.5 8.2 0.0 1.000 -2.3 0.000
30-39 18.0 22.4 17.4 -0.6 0.339 -5.0 0.000
40-49 25.0 25.5 22.0 -3.0 0.000 -3.5 0.000
50-59 29.1 32.0 24.7 -4.4 0.000 -7.3 0.000
60-69 28.4 29.9 24.2 -4.2 0.000 -5.7 0.000
>70 y 27.0 26.4 19.0 -8.0 0.000 -7.4 0.000
Appendix 35. Differences of the proportion of high waist-hip ratio among adults, 20 years old and above,
by age and sex, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and 2015
High Waist to Hip Ratio

Sex/Age Group
Males 6.9 8.0 7.1 0.2 0.286 -0.9 0.000
20-29 2.2 3.0 1.9 -0.3 0.172 -1.1 0.000
30-39 5.9 6.0 4.7 -1.2 0.001 -1.3 0.001
40-49 9.6 9.3 8.7 -0.9 0.045 -0.6 0.183
50-59 12.4 12.7 11.8 -0.6 0.278 -0.9 0.104
60-69 13.4 13.7 13.5 0.1 0.895 -0.2 0.789
>70 y 11.6 13.2 11.3 -0.3 0.757 -1.9 0.050
Females 62.5 63.2 57.9 -4.6 0.000 -5.3 0.000
20-29 48.2 45.5 38.1 -10.1 0.000 -7.4 0.000
30-39 63.1 64.6 56.8 -6.3 0.000 -7.8 0.000
40-49 69.7 68.3 65.7 -4.0 0.000 -2.6 0.000
50-59 70.3 71.9 68.1 -2.2 0.002 -3.8 0.000
60-69 68.2 69.9 67.2 -1.0 0.282 -2.7 0.003
>70 y 67.4 66.9 58.9 -8.5 0.000 -8.0 0.000

Appendix 36. Proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant women, using weight-for-height,
standard error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation, by region: Philippines,
2015 (n = 1,491)
% 95 % Confidence
Standard Interval
Region/ Province Nutritionally CV %
Error
at-risk LL UL
Philippines 24.7 1.25 22.2 27.1 5.0
NCR 21.9 4.23 13.6 30.2 19.3
CAR 22.9 4.74 13.6 32.2 20.7
Ilocos 16.2 3.14 10.0 22.3 19.4
Cagayan Valley 21.5 6.18 9.3 33.6 28.8
Central Luzon 23.2 4.41 14.5 31.8 19.0
CALABARZON 27.2 3.66 20.0 34.4 13.5
MIMAROPA 35.1 6.85 21.7 48.6 19.5
Bicol 26.9 4.02 19.0 34.8 15.0
Western Visayas 32.1 5.76 20.8 43.4 17.9
Central Visayas 27.3 4.21 19.0 35.6 15.4
Eastern Visayas 23.1 4.52 14.3 32.0 19.5
Davao 25.1 5.68 13.9 36.2 22.7
SOCCSKSARGEN 22.8 4.20 14.6 31.0 18.4
ARMM 22.3 6.26 10.0 34.6 28.0
Caraga 28.3 5.42 17.7 39.0 19.1
Appendix 37. Differences of the proportion of nutritionally at-risk among pregnant women, using weight-
for-height, by age and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and
2015
Nutritionally at-risk
All 25.0 24.8 24.7 -0.3 0.846 -0.1 0.953
< 20 years old 35.7 37.2 39.7 4.0 0.379 2.5 0.600
> 20 years old 23.3 23.0 22.4 -0.9 0.580 -0.6 0.736
Region
NCR 18.7 22.9 22.9 4.2 0.524 0.0 1.000
CAR 15.8 18.6 22.3 6.5 0.284 3.7 0.638
Ilocos 28.8 20.9 16.2 -12.6 0.065 -4.7 0.467
Cagayan Valley 32.6 33.6 21.5 -11.1 0.126 -12.1 0.121
Central Luzon 21.4 16.5 23.2 1.8 0.731 6.7 0.215
CALABARZON 28.8 28.7 27.2 -1.6 0.756 -1.5 0.778
MIMAROPA 43.6 29.5 35.1 -8.5 0.361 5.6 0.564
Bicol 30.7 33.0 26.9 -3.8 0.530 -6.1 0.372
Western Visayas 33.2 32.4 32.1 -1.1 0.870 -0.3 0.968
Central Visayas 15.8 22.4 27.3 11.5 0.049 4.9 0.444
Eastern Visayas 18.8 14.1 23.1 4.3 0.462 9.0 0.169
Davao 20.3 32.0 25.1 4.8 0.500 -6.9 0.437
SOCCSKSARGEN 29.4 20.8 22.8 -6.6 0.342 2.0 0.783
ARMM 26.9 25.9 28.3 1.4 0.833 2.4 0.760
Caraga 18.0 18.3 21.9 3.9 0.521 3.6 0.565

Appendix 38. Proportion of underweight among lactating mothers, using Body Mass Index, standard
error, confidence interval, and coefficient of variation, by region: Philippines, 2015 (n = 4,
005)
95 % Confidence
% Standard Interval
Underweight Error
LL UL
Philippines 13.6 0.62 12.3 14.8 4.6
NCR 16.4 2.25 12.0 20.8 13.7
CAR 6.6 1.59 3.5 9.7 24.1
Ilocos 19.3 2.73 14.0 24.7 14.1
Cagayan Valley 15.8 2.72 10.5 21.2 17.2
Central Luzon 17.8 2.55 12.8 22.8 14.3
CALABARZON 11.0 1.82 7.4 14.5 16.6
MIMAROPA 19.3 3.26 12.9 25.7 16.9
Bicol 14.9 2.24 10.5 19.3 15.0
Western Visayas 17.8 2.63 12.7 23.0 14.7
Central Visayas 10.7 1.99 6.8 14.6 18.7
Eastern Visayas 10.5 2.13 6.3 14.6 20.3
Davao 9.9 2.47 5.1 14.8 24.9
SOCCSKSARGEN 12.1 2.19 7.8 16.4 18.1
ARMM 10.4 2.24 6.0 14.8 21.6
Caraga 9.2 2.51 4.3 14.1 27.2
Appendix 39. Differences of the proportion of underweight lactating mothers using Body Mass Index, by
age and by region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and 2015
Underweight
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Age Group % % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
All 11.9 12.5 13.6 1.7 0.030 1.1 0.196
< 20 years old 11.8 12.4 11.4 -0.4 0.878 -1.0 0.736
> 20 years old 11.9 12.5 13.7 1.8 0.028 1.2 0.171
Region
NCR 11.9 7.7 16.4 4.5 0.127 8.7 0.005
CAR 4.5 6.0 6.6 2.1 0.384 0.6 0.831
Ilocos 12.9 15.9 19.3 6.4 0.086 3.4 0.397
Cagayan Valley 11.9 13.4 15.8 3.9 0.288 2.4 0.542
Central Luzon 14.9 14.0 17.8 2.9 0.413 3.8 0.294
CALABARZON 15.4 14.1 11.0 -4.4 0.123 -3.1 0.277
MIMAROPA 13.5 20.0 19.3 5.8 0.159 -0.7 0.886
Bicol 16.6 15.1 14.9 -1.7 0.595 -0.2 0.951
Western Visayas 11.3 16.4 17.8 6.5 0.035 1.4 0.682
Central Visayas 11.2 9.6 10.7 -0.5 0.856 1.1 0.713
Eastern Visayas 6.6 11.5 10.5 3.9 0.133 -1.0 0.739
Davao 6.2 14.8 9.9 3.7 0.240 -4.9 0.201
SOCCSKSARGEN 7.6 13.8 12.1 4.5 0.144 -1.7 0.646
ARMM 14.4 15.9 10.4 -4.0 0.159 -5.5 0.109
Caraga 8.9 9.6 9.2 0.3 0.927 -0.4 0.909

Appendix 40. Differences of the proportion of overweight and obese lactating mothers using Body Mass
Index, by age and by region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013 and
2015
Overweight/Obese
All 17.7 21.7 22.4 4.7 0.000 0.7 0.531
< 20 years old 6.7 6.5 10.9 4.2 0.070 4.4 0.085
> 20 years old 18.8 22.8 23.2 4.4 0.000 0.4 0.745
Region
NCR 20.6 31.8 30.5 9.9 0.007 -1.2 0.765
CAR 28.7 30.3 29.9 1.2 0.801 -0.4 0.945
Ilocos 20.0 16.5 20.7 0.7 0.863 4.1 0.311
Cagayan Valley 14.4 13.8 22.0 7.6 0.064 8.3 0.057
Central Luzon 20.3 24.9 18.7 -1.6 0.671 -6.2 0.123
CALABARZON 16.8 20.1 23.8 7.0 0.043 3.7 0.311
MIMAROPA 11.5 10.4 16.3 4.8 0.213 5.9 0.165
Bicol 11.4 22.5 14.0 2.6 0.379 -8.6 0.013
Western Visayas 11.2 11.8 17.9 6.7 0.030 6.1 0.063
Central Visayas 17.7 20.0 22.6 4.9 0.169 2.6 0.523
Eastern Visayas 14.5 19.7 24.8 10.3 0.005 5.1 0.209
Davao 19.7 19.1 25.3 5.6 0.241 6.2 0.215
SOCCSKSARGEN 21.0 21.3 18.1 -2.9 0.472 -3.2 0.463
ARMM 14.9 18.6 23.5 8.6 0.013 4.8 0.266
Caraga 23.8 24.6 24.8 1.0 0.838 0.2 0.966
Appendix 41. Differences of the proportion of low birth weight among young children, 0 to 3.9 years old
(0 to 47 months) by sex and region, among three survey periods: Philippines, 2011, 2013
and 2015
High Waist Circumference
2011 2013 2015 2015 vs 2011 2015 vs 2013
Sex/Age Group % % % Diff. p-value Diff. p-value
All 15.9 11.5 14.4 -1.5 0.004 2.9 0.000
Males 15.3 10.8 13.3 -2.0 0.005 2.5 0.001
Females 16.5 12.3 15.5 -1.0 0.198 3.2 0.000
Region
NCR 15.4 9.8 14.2 -1.2 0.643 4.4 0.060
CAR 15.7 7.9 12.9 -2.8 0.232 5.0 0.034
Ilocos 12.6 11.0 15.4 2.8 0.206 4.4 0.046
Cagayan Valley 13.8 12.6 15.5 1.7 0.508 2.9 0.272
Central Luzon 14.6 9.7 10.1 -4.5 0.008 0.4 0.804
CALABARZON 15.0 11.9 14.4 -0.6 0.725 2.5 0.148
MIMAROPA 15.8 15.6 17.5 1.7 0.490 1.9 0.503
Bicol 18.6 12.5 16.3 -2.3 0.296 3.8 0.080
Western Visayas 19.3 15.5 16.8 -2.5 0.264 1.3 0.581
Central Visayas 18.1 13.7 11.9 -6.2 0.009 -1.8 0.434
Eastern Visayas 16.9 12.4 14.2 -2.7 0.245 1.8 0.447
Zamboanga Peninsula 17.5 12.9 16.9 -0.6 0.817 4.0 0.144
Davao 16.8 12.3 14.6 -2.2 0.286 2.3 0.318
SOCCSKSARGEN 18.2 10.2 17.2 -1.0 0.695 7.0 0.005
ARMM 17.6 18.0 12.8 -4.8 0.072 -5.2 0.108
Caraga 14.4 10.5 17.0 2.6 0.347 6.5 0.021

Appendix 42. Questionnaires







2015 Anthropometric Survey PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2015 Anthropometric Survey PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Philippine Nutrition

Facts and Figures 2015

2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of

Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Tel. Numbers.: (632) 837-20-71 local 2282/ 2296; 839-1846

E-mail: mvc@fnri.dost.gov.ph mar_v_c@yahoo.com

4 Conclusions and Implications 74

Food and Nutrition Research Institute i

MARIO V. CAPANZANA, Ph.D.

ii Food and Nutrition Research Institute

THE 2015 Updating of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children

Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.

Cecilia Cristina Santos-Acuin, M.D., Ph.D.

COMPONENT STUDY LEADERS DATA MANAGEMENT

Marina B. Vargas, PhD (Human Nutrition) Charmaine A. Duante, MSc Epidemiology

Charina A. Javier, MDE Mae Ann S.A. Javier

FINAL REPORT WRITERS

Ma. Lilibeth P. Dasco, M.S.A.N.

Mario V. Capanzana, Ph.D.

Food and Nutrition Research Institute iii

Grateful acknowledgement and appreciation are due to the following:

iv Food and Nutrition Research Institute

ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

Food and Nutrition Research Institute v

Hip is the widest portion of the trunk of the body.

Waist is the narrowest portion of the trunk of the body.

vi Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Table No. Title Page No.

2 Anthropometry: Eligibility and Response Rates 5

4 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 9

5 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of children 0 to 5 years old (0 to 10

7 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight and 10

8 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of wasted children 10

10 Cut-off points used in determining magnitude and severity of underweight (BMI 11

11 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of pregnant women based on 11

12 Cut-off points used in classifying nutritional status of lactating mothers, <19.08 11

Food and Nutrition Research Institute vii

Table No. Title Page No.

viii Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Table No. Title Page No.

35 Mean weight and height of children, 0 to 10 years old (0 to 120 months): 40

45 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adults, 58

46 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adult 59

47 Mean waist circumference (WC) and percent distribution of WC among adult 60

Food and Nutrition Research Institute ix

Table No. Title Page No.

51 Percent distribution of pregnant women, by age group, months of pregnancy, and 66

52 Percent distribution of pregnant women by nutritional status using weight-for- 67

54 Percent distribution of lactating women, by place of residence and wealth quintile, 70

x Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Figure No. Title Page No.

2 Measuring the height using a stadiometer (left) and an infantometer (right) 6

3 Measuring waist circumference 6

4 Measuring hip circumference 7

13 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 26

14 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 26

15 Prevalence of overweight-for-height among children, less than 5.0 years old (0 to 59 27

Food and Nutrition Research Institute xi

Figure No. Title Page No.

27 Prevalence of malnutrition among children, 0 to 10 years old, by single age group: 41

xii Food and Nutrition Research Institute

Figure No. Title Page No.

50 Proportion of nutritionally at-risk pregnant women by age group: Philippines, 2011, 65