GPS

Photogrammetry

Remote sensing

Hydrographic
Surveying

Land
Surveying

Surveying
Determination of relative points of Earth’s surface Kinds of Surveying
from the Space - GPS Surveying

Determination of relative positions of Earth’s surface

from the Space - Space borne Surveying
or Remote sensing

Determination of relative positions of Earth’s surface

from the Air - Aerial Surveying or
Photogrammetry

Determination of relative positions of Earth’s surface from the

Earth Itself - Land Surveying or Hydrographic Surveying
 Surveying
Relative Position of the natural and
man-made features on the Earth’s
surface

Linear Measurements Angular Measurements

Direct Method Horizontal Angle

Indirect Method Vertical Angle
 SURVEYING
Primary Classification

PLANE SURVEYING GEODETIC SURVEYING

Computations is The curvature of the

assumed to be a flat earth is taken into
horizontal surface account
PLANE SURVEYING GEODETIC SURVEYING

•Treats the earth’s

surface as a flat •Accounts for
plane. curvature of the
earth.
•The instrument is
always leveled •Used mostly for
according to the national mapping
center of the earth programs.

•Only appropriate for •Needs to be

smaller areas. (less highly accurate.
than 250 km2)
 Secondary Classification

Instruments Methods
 Secondary Classification

Instruments Methods

Chain/ EDM/ T S Surveying Tacheometry

Compass Surveying Contouring
Theodolite Surveying Triangulation
Levels Trigonometric levelling
Plane Table Surveying Hydrography/ Aerial Surveying
 Basic Principles of Surveying

 Working from the whole to the part

 Fixing a unknown points in relation

to points already located