ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to analyze a turbocharger system in a diesel

engine. The turbocharger is used to increase engine power. The engine comes with
a stock turbocharger. In order to obtain more power from the engine, a new and
larger turbocharger is being used. The new turbocharger is coupled to an oil-air-
water intercooling system to decrease the inlet air temperatures. This project
analyzed the intercooling system and tested the final design in the vehicle. The
results show that the cooling system components purchased are adequate for this
system. The ideal turbocharger design would be smaller than the system purchased.
The results discuss the actual sized heat exchanger needed for the ideal system.
OBJECTIVES

• Utilizes exhaust gas energy that would otherwise lost

• Power when needed for transient performance

• Allows downsizing for fuel economy and emissions

• To increase the volumetric efficiency

• To reduces the emission

• To be modifies normal engine to the turbo changed engine

• To increase total performance of two wheeler

PROBLEM DEFINITION

There are two types of choices in a carburetor turbo setup: “suck

through” or “blow through”. The suck-through (or draw through) set up
involves mounting the carburetor before the turbine inlet (usually in front of the
impeller mouth). This means that both fuel and air are drawn into the turbo
already mixed and then blown into the inlet manifold. This is by far the simplest
way to setup a turbo as; the carburetor doesn’t need to be especially modified
turning quit essay. The main disadvantage are that you can’t use any
intercooling with such a setup, as it is dangerous to run air/fuel mixture through
as an intercooler core. The reason for this is that fuel can condense inside the
intercooler core and stay there- if you then have an engine back fire the
intercooler can explode. As a result water injection is about the only option for
cooling the charger air with this setup. This also corresponds to a blow-off
valve because instead of just venting pressurized air, it would be releasing a
fuel/air mixture which is very dangerous. The blow-through arrangement,
logically enough, means the carburetor is mounted after the turbo compressor,
so the turbo only draws in air and then blow it through the carburetor, which
adds the fuel. The good things is than an intercooler and also a blow-off valve
can be used with such setup
LITERATURE SURVEY

Muqeem [2012] The turbocharger to improve an engine's volumetric

efficiency by increasing the density of the intake gas

When the pressure of the engine's intake air is increased, its temperature will
also increase. Turbocharger units make use of an intercooler to cool down the
intake air. Here, the purpose of author was to bring the temperature of intake air
nearer to the ambient temperature. The inter-cooling of intake air was greatly
increased by installing a specially designed intercooler in which air run as hot fluid
and refrigerant, of the air conditioning system coming from cooling coil fitted in
the dashboard, run as cold fluid. The intake air is cooled down by the air flowing
through the fins of the intercooler and the refrigerant coming from the evaporator.
Here the author concluded that when normal air cooled intercooler is used to cool
down the hot air before entering into the engine cylinder, the mass of oxygen being
fed to the engine becomes 1.43 times but when refrigerated intercooler is used, it
becomes 2.618 times. Increasing the oxygen content with the air leads to faster
burn rates and the ability to control exhaust emissions. Added oxygen in the
combustion air offers more potential for burning diesel.

Vishal et. al., [2012] examined the current and the future trends in the development
of gasoline direct injection engine and attempts at identifying the turbocharger
requirements for such systems. Predicted engine performance data from various
reputable published sources were used to identify the air flow requirements and
thus the turbocharger needs. A case study was considered by sizing an engine from
the gathered brake mean effective pressure trends and its turbocharger
requirements were simulated using a Cummins’s Turbo Technologies developed
software. The software uses a steady state energy balance between the required
compressor work and the extracted turbine work. The findings of the simulation
and the turbocharger matching were subsequently analysed. From the analysis of
the simulation, it can be deduced that turbocharging the GDI engine offer
considerable challenges to the air handling system. The report has shown that, for a
wide operating speed range with a low speed peak torque, conventional
turbocharger systems may not be sufficient. The parallel sequential turbocharger
system provides a right solution for wide flow range and near constant pressure
ratio demands. The control mechanism for the switch from the low speed
turbocharger to the high speed one needs to be calibrated to ensure that during the
transition, there is no loss of boost pressure and therefore loss of torque.

Ghodke et. al., [2012] said that expectation in next coming years is CO2 emissions
reduction for vehicles and demand for more driving comfort would be the
challenges for the automobile industry. One approach to this problem is the
reduction of the displacement of the combustion engine while maintaining the
characteristics of large displacement engine. This method is often referred to using
the term” downsizing” and requires the engine to be turbocharged and improve
performance and torque. It has been demonstrated that a simple charging unit alone
is not enough and it require more complex charging systems when emissions are
stringent. The goals of developed in terms of the thermodynamics and operating of
future passenger car viz increase in the power density of the engine, highest
possible maximum torque at low engine speeds across the widest possible range of
speeds, improvement of the driving response in transient operating condition like
start up response and elasticity response, reduction of the primary energy
consumption during testing and when driving on the road, observances of the
future exhaust gas thresholds which mean a drastic reduction in the current
emission levels. The latter goals can be reached through the use of smaller
displacement engines. Engines with low engine displacement yield significant
advantages in the test cycles with respect to fuel consumption and emissions, but
the torque produced by small engine is pronouncedly less than that of a large
displacement, naturally aspirated engine must be attained in terms of the steady
state response and of the transient response. The author summarized review of
advancements in turbocharger technology to meet the demand of high performance
and low emission of passenger car vehicle application.

Usta conducted an experiment to study the performance and emissions

characteristics of a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine using tobacco seed
oil methyl ester under full and partial load conditions. The findings obtained
indicated that the addition of tobacco seed oil methyl ester to the diesel fuel
decreased CO and SO2 emissions except NOx emission which is of slightly higher
value. However, it was also observed that with the addition of tobacco seed oil
methyl ester, the power output and the efficiency increased slightly.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Oil

Fins
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The components that make up a typical turbocharger system are: The air
filter (not shown) through which ambient air passes before entering the
compressor. The air is then compressed which raises the air’s density (mass / unit
volume). Many turbocharged engines have a charge air cooler (aka intercooler) (3)
that cools the compressed air to further increase its density and to increase
resistance to detonation

After passing through the intake manifold the air enters the engine’s
cylinders, which contain a fixed volume. Since the air is at elevated density, each
cylinder can draw in an increased mass flow rate of air. Higher air mass flow rate
allows a higher fuel flow rate (with similar air/fuel ratio). Combusting more fuel
results in more power being produced for a given size or displacement

After the fuel is burned in the cylinder it is exhausted during the cylinders.
Exhaust stroke in to the exhaust manifold. The high temperature gas then continues
on to the turbine. The turbine Creates backpressure on the engine which means
engine exhaust pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure. A pressure and
temperature drop occurs (expansion) across the turbine, which harnesses the
exhaust gas’ energy to provide the power necessary to drive the compressor
COMPONENTS USED
 Engine
 Turbo Charger
 Pipe Fittings
 Oil Circuit
 Carburetor
 Fuel Tank
 Air Filter
ADVANTAGES

 Less fuel Consumption

 More Power Output
 Improved torque
 Exhaust Gas is used to improve the Efficiency

APPLICATIONS

 All Engines