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Water Purifier Types
Water Purifier Types
RO: Semipermeable membrane se pass krayenge , pump se pressurise krke bhej denge
water. RO most effective to purify hard, salt water contains dissolved chemicals and solids.
Membrane is capable of removing metal particles like arsenic, fluoride, lead, chlorine,
nitrates and sulfates.
Wall mounted or table top water purifier is mounted on the wall or on the
kitchen table, whereas Undersink water purifier placed underneath of the
kitchen sink so it hidden
Advantages:
RO water purifier capable remove waterborne disease causing
microorganisms like bacteria, viruses. Germs dead bodies are
flushed out, so that purified water free from germs dead bodies.
improves the taste and odour of water by removing the
contaminants that causing bad taste and odour.
safe, cost effective and easy to maintain.
Disadvantages
RO water purifier requires electricity to run. Even it needs
running water with optimum water pressure.
RO water purifier produces lots of waste water. Whatever
dissolved solids, germs are flushed through the drain along
with wastewater. To purify 10 liters of water RO water purifier
produces approximately 5 liter waste water which have to be
drained out.
UV water purifier is ideal for low TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) water like
lakes, river water. UV water purifiers incapable to treat hard water, which
has high TDS level. Just as a UF water purifier, UV water purifier does not
remove chemicals like chlorine, arsenic, fluoride present in water.
Advantages of UV water purifier
Low maintenance cost. Change the UV lamp once in a year or
when it stops working.
High purification rate. UV water purifier capable to deliver 2 to 4
liters of purified water within a minute. Whereas other RO, UF,
Activated Carbon water purifier takes several minutes to purify one
liter water.
Low energy consumption. UV water purifier uses electricity as
much as an electric bulb use.
Very less manual cleaning. If you have a UV water purifier with
storage tank, it requires to clean twice in a week, whereas without
storage tank water purifier need almost no manual cleaning.
Does not alter the water taste. UV water purifier does not use any
chemicals, or any semi permissible membrane. Therefore, water
taste does not alters.
UV keep essential minerals. Does not remove, change the human
essential mineral present in water./li>
Sediment filter
This one is a pre filter mean it used along with other water purifiers like RO,
UV. The matter which is collected at the bottom of water or liquid is known
as sediment. Sediment may be rust flakes of metal pipes, sand or mud
particles and removes turbidity of water. The basically sediment filter
catches unwanted dust, mud particles present in water.
In India, most of the sediment filters are made from cotton, polyester fibers.
Sediment filter comes in a roll shape, stay in the plastic sealed housing
container as shown in below figure. Sediment filter at the point just before
any other water purifier water inlet. When pass through the sediment filter
whatever dirt, dust particles are trapped in it. Water outlet of sediment filter
is connected to RO or UV water purifier as water inlet.
What is RO MF?
MF is full form of Micro filtration purification technology. In MF
purification the water is passed through a special pore-sized
membrane to separate microorganisms. Both reverse osmosis
and nano filtration are fundamentally different since the flow
goes against the concentration gradient.
In a recent research found that if MF filtration is used as pre-
filtration, before RO purification, the purification results are
much effective. Kent released such MF + RO purifiers in the
market as well.
Kills waterborne diseases causing bacteria, Blocks and removes bacteria and viruses. Germs ar
viruses and pathogens, but their bodies still trapped in UF filter, during manual water purifier c
remain in purified water. theses germs are flushed out.
Requires optimum water pressure. In case, in No need to worry about water pressure.
UV versus UF
Water must be free from mud, turbidity. With UF highly capable to purify mud, turbidity water.
turbidity water, UV does not work properly,
even turbidity water damages UV lamp.
No need to worry about the cleaning water Needs to clean once in a week, if need twice in a w
purifier. also.
Does not removes dissolved solids such as Does not removes dissolved solids.
arsenic, fluoride, lead.
Suitable for low TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) Suitable for low TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) wat
water like river, lake water.
Does not improves water taste and colour. Does not improves water taste and colour.
Hardness of water
Heavy metals like Fluoride, Arsenic, Lead
Microorganisms, bacteria, viruses
If the water laboratory test verifies your borewell water has Fluoride,
Arsenic, Lead traces then the only solution is to go with RO water
purifier. RO membranes only have the ability to eliminate metals from
the water. Usually all RO purifiers come with Activated carbon or UF
filters to protect from bacteria as well. But if the lab tests show more
number of bacteria and viruses as well then you can go for RO + UV
water purifiers. UV kills all the bacteria and viruses in the water.
Please refer list of best RO + UV water purifiers.
If the water laboratory test verifies no hard metals then you can
safely go for gravity based water purifiers(cartridge filter, sediment
filters, activated carbon, UF) to protect from bacteria and viruses.
Please refer list of best gravity water purifiers.
The river water is very sweet. Because river water is not ground water and
mostly it is pure rain water collected in the river. There won’t be any hardness
in it. That too before it is supplied to family's water is purified by government
authorities. So first do we really need a purifier? If so, what it is - RO, UV,
Activated Carbon?
Chlorine has been used as disinfect the water by killing the waterborne
diseases causing germs such bacteria, viruses. But excessive chlorine, which
remains after disinfecting the water consumed by human makes adverse
health effects like breathing, eye infections, liver and kidney problems. Here
we presenting the type of water purifier should be to purify chlorine water.
Chlorine adsorb (different from the absorb), removes the chlorine without
leaving any negative effect. When water passes through the activated
carbon, chlorine present in water, sticks on activated carbon’s large surface
area.
In most of water purifiers such as RO, UV uses Activated Carbon filter as
pre and post filter.
Features RO UV
Features RO UV
Waste water RO water purifier produces lot of UV does not produce any waste
waste water. water. Zero percent waste wate
Dissolved solids RO water purifier removes UV water purifier does not remo
dissolved solids and TDS. dissolved solids
Time to purify RO water purifier takes much UV water purifier makes much
more time to purify water time to purify water
Water taste RO water purifier alter water taste UV water purifier does not alter
water taste
Storage tank Most of the RO water purifiers Most of the UV water purifiers d
have storage tank have storage tank
Maintenance, total RO water purifier can cost double UV water purifier is inexpensive
cost as much to a UV water purifier.
Work with muddy RO water purifier requires pre- UV water purifier also requires
water filtration such as sediment filter to sediment filter.
work with dirty, muddy water
Activated
carbon water
purifier UF water purifier
Microbiological tests
The microbiological test will identify total coliforms (a type of bacteria) and faecal coliforms in drinking water. The
total coliform test will show the total bacterial loading found in the water sample. The faecal coliform test will
indicate the level of faecal contamination in the water and how safe the water is to drink.
Some of the elements are heavy metals that may pose a risk to your health while others may only affect the
taste, odour and appearance of the water (These are called ‘aesthetic’ characteristics).
Aluminium Aluminium
Cadmium Cadmium
Chloride Chloride
Copper Copper
Total Iron Total Iron
Lead Lead
Nickel Nickel
Nitrate Nitrate
Nitrite Nitrite
Sodium Sodium
Sulfate Sulfate
Zinc Zinc
Alkalinity Alkalinity
Calcium Calcium
Conductivity Conductivity
Colour Colour
Hardness Hardness
Magnesium Magnesium
pH pH
Potassium Potassium
Total Dissolved Solids Total Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids Total Suspended Solids
Turbidity Turbidity
Ammonia
Antimony
Arsenic
Antimony Barium
Arsenic Boron
Barium Chromium
Chromium Total Cyanide
Manganese Fluoride
Molybdenum Hydrogen Sulfide
Selenium Manganese
Silver Molybdenum
Tin Selenium
Silver
Tin
Uranium
excessive or inappropriate use of fertilisers, animal manures, pesticides, herbicides and insecticides
poorly maintained septic tanks and other liquid waste disposal systems
fuel and chemical storage areas
intensive agriculture, industry or mining
accidental spills of chemicals.
If you find any of these activities or items in or on the catchment area you may need to ask for additional tests to
be completed by the chemical laboratory.
Once you locate a laboratory, follow the instructions on collecting the sample properly to
obtain the most accurate results. For example, if you are collecting a water sample for lead
or copper testing, the recommendation is to let the water sit overnight and take a “first
draw” water sample – meaning fill the sample bottle from the kitchen tap prior to running
any water for the day. A second example would be for a coliform bacteria sample. To collect
this type of sample, remove any screen from the water faucet. There is typically a
recommendation to run the water prior to filling the sample bottle. These samples need to
be kept cold so you should take the sample directly to the post office or keep it in the
refrigerator until it can be mailed in or dropped off. Remember to closely follow the
instructions for each test you choose to have analyzed.
Coliform bacteria
E. coli
Nitrate/nitrite
Arsenic
Hardness
Volatile organic chemicals
Metals
Lead/copper
Inorganic chemicals
In general, the total dissolved solids concentration is the sum of the cations
(positively charged) and anions (negatively charged) ions in the water.
Therefore, the total dissolved solids test provides a qualitative measure of the
amount of dissolved ions but does not tell us the nature or ion relationships.
In addition, the test does not provide us insight into the specific water quality
issues, such as Elevated Hardness, Salty Taste, or Corrosiveness.
Therefore, the total dissolved solids test is used as an indicator test to
determine the general quality of the water.
An elevated total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration is not a health hazard. The
TDS concentration is a secondary drinking water standard and, therefore, is
regulated because it is more of an aesthetic rather than a health hazard. An
elevated TDS indicates the following:
1)The concentration of the dissolved ions may cause the water to be corrosive, salty
or brackish taste, result in scale formation, and interfere and decrease efficiency of
hot water heaters; and
2)Many contain elevated levels of ions that are above the Primary or Secondary
Drinking Water Standards, such as an elevated level of nitrate, arsenic, aluminum,
copper, lead, etc.
Options
The treatment options for an elevated total dissolved solids really depends on the
nature of the cations and anions. If the elevated total dissolved solids are due to
actions like calcium, magnesium, and iron, it may be possible to remove these ions
using a water softener. This process may not reduce the total dissolved solids
concentration, but reduce the aesthetic problems with the water. If the problem is
associated with an elevated concentration of sodium, chloride, or potassium, the
primary recommendations would include a reverse osmosis system or distillation
unit. If the problem is related to iron, manganese, arsenic, or total hardness, you
may want to consider other systems.
Summary
An elevated total dissolved solids concentration does not mean that the water is a
health hazard, but it does mean the water may have aesthetic problems or cause
nuisance problems. These problems may be associated with staining, taste, or
precipitation. With respect to trace metals, an elevated total dissolved solids may
suggest that toxic metals may be present at an elevated level. It is important to keep
in mind that water with a very lower TDS concentration may be corrosive
and corrosive waters may leak toxic metals such as copper and lead from the
household plumbing. his also means that trace metals could be present at levels that
may pose a health risk. water is not a health hazard, but dealing with hard water in
the home can be a nuisance. The primary recommendation is to get your drinking
water tested to determine the general quality and chemistry, prior to purchasing or
installing a water treatment system. Our R/O testing Package.
In the water, TDS is identified as parts per million (ppm) or mg/L. Since TDS
does not pose a risk to the health of the people, the EPA has not identified a
TDS limit. However, it suggests for the drinking water to have a level of up to
500 ppm only.
If the water has above 500 ppm, they can notice deposits on the water, salty
taste, or staining on the water. These effects are not harmful however, it can
be noticeable.
While the ideal pH level of drinking water should be between 6-8.5, the
human body maintains pH equilibrium on a constant basis and will not be
affected by water consumption. For example, our stomachs have a naturally
low pH level of 2 which is a beneficial acidity that helps us with food
digestion.
MIT :
Pine wood filters (Xylem)
The filters tested with local tap water could reliably remove bacteria and
process 10-15 litres of water per day.
“Today’s filtration membranes have nanoscale pores that are not something
you can manufacture in a garage very easily,” Karnik says. “The idea here is
that we don’t need to fabricate a membrane, because it’s easily available.
You can just take a piece of wood and make a filter out of it.”