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Liveing Up College English Classes With Games PDF
Liveing Up College English Classes With Games PDF
C e r v a n tes
I
n the Philippines, students start one-sentence responses. This should
learning English as a Second not be the case. According to Martin
Language (ESL) as early as kin- (2000), English-language instructors
dergarten. By the time they enter should be careful about monopolizing
college, they have had wide expo- a class with too much teacher-talk—
sure to traditional grammar-based for speaking and writing activities,
approaches to language instruction. more than 15 percent of the time is
At the University of the Philippines probably excessive. Teacher-centered
Los Baños, English 1 is a prescribed lessons featuring lectures on sentence
general education course for fresh- structure and how to write effective
men. Classes of 25 to 38 students paragraphs are bound to create pas-
meet for three hours per week to sive students who do not take an
study, among other things, sentence active role in class.
structure and sentence transforma- Clearly, English classes need to
tions, paraphrasing and summarizing, be more interactive to keep students
and paragraph and composition writ- interested in the lessons. After ten
ing; grammar and vocabulary enrich- years of teaching I have learned that
ment are integrated in the course. English need not be a boring subject;
In general, the students find the les- on the contrary, it can be fun if teach-
sons boring, perhaps because they ers supplement the formal lessons
have been studying the same mate- with alternative methods and tech-
rial for so many years. The lessons niques. For example, I regularly use
are mechanical and quite predict- games to review and practice the lan-
able—the teacher presents rules, gives guage skills that the class is currently
exercises for students to work on, and studying. In this article I will show
administers tests to assess learning. how teachers can easily adapt avail-
As a result, the English teachers do able games and develop new ones to
most of the talking while the students add some fun and excitement to the
listen, take notes, or give one-word or learning process. In addition, I will
20 2009 N u m b e r 3 | E n g l i s h T E a c h i n g F o r u m
report on feedback from my students regard- students total) or two groups of 3, 4, or
ing how they feel about the use of games in 5 (6, 8, or 10 students total).
the ESL classroom. • The clue-giver of the first team tries
to get teammates to guess as many
The usefulness of games keywords as possible in one minute
Games are effective teaching tools and without using (1) the word itself or
have many positive aspects, including the (2) any of the five taboo words listed on
creation of opportunities for students to com- the card. Words that rhyme with or are
municate in a relaxed, friendly, and coopera- an abbreviation of a taboo word also are
tive environment. Games reduce tension by not allowed.
adding fun and humor to lessons, and they • If the clue-giver uses the keyword, a
add an element of competitiveness that moti- taboo word, or a part of a taboo word,
vates students to participate (Cross 1992; a “censor” from the other team hits the
Martin 2000). When students are absorbed by buzzer. The clue-giver must then move
games, they internalize and acquire the essen- on to the next word.
tial vocabulary, grammar, and other aspects • Only speech is allowed to prompt one’s
of English in an unconscious manner because teammates; sounds, gestures, or draw-
they are focused on the message and not the ings are prohibited.
language itself (Cross 1992). Importantly, • Teammates may shout as many guesses
games provide a perfect opportunity for the as possible, and there is no penalty for
teacher to take the backseat and let the stu- wrong guesses.
dents do the talking. • Once a team member guesses the cor-
When I first set about looking for games rect word, the clue-giver goes to the
that would add life to English classes, I found next word. The object is to get as many
that many of those described in books were keywords as possible within one min-
too elementary for my learners, so I decided to ute. The playing team receives 1 point
develop some of my own. Except for Taboo, for every correct guess but loses 1 point
which is a commercially available language for every taboo word that is spoken.
game that I modified, all of the games dis- The opposing team gets 1 point each
cussed are my creations. time the clue-giver of the opposing
team decides to skip a keyword and go
Game 1: Taboo on to the next keyword.
Apart from being an enjoyable game, • When one minute expires, it is the
Taboo provides excellent opportunities for other team’s turn to play.
speaking and listening. The object of Taboo is
for one person, the clue-giver, to give descrip- Modified Taboo
tive clues to his or her or partner or group To make the game conform more to the
about a keyword printed on a card so that the specific language needs of my classroom, I
partner or group can correctly guess the key- made modifications to the official Taboo rules
word; however, the clue-giver must describe as described below.
the keyword without using (1) the word itself • The keyword must be described in
or (2) any of the five taboo words listed on the complete sentences. For example, if the
card. The Taboo box contains a few hundred keyword is “ring” the clue-giver can
cards with words on both sides, a tray for hold- say “It is a noun,” or “It is what a man
ing the cards, a one-minute hourglass, a buzz- gives to the woman he loves on the day
er, and a pencil for writing down the scores. he marries her.” One-word descriptions
such as “gold” or phrases like “the sound
Playing the game of the telephone” are not acceptable.
The basic rules for playing Taboo are as • Descriptions that begin with “It sounds
follows: like___,” or “It has ___ syllables,” or “It
• The members of two opposing teams has ___ letters” are also not acceptable.
sit alternating around in a circle. The • Descriptions that point to an object
teams can be composed of two pairs (4 possessed by a team member are not
E n g l i s h TE a c h i n g F o r u m | Number 3 2009 21
allowed, e.g., “You have this in your bag 2. Tell the students that their task is (a) to
and it is a gift from your boyfriend.” “slay the demons” by putting an X over
• Instead of a member of the opposing each one and (b) to write down the cor-
team being the censor, the teacher takes rect forms of the words. For each “slain
on this role. demon” they earn 1 point. However, if
• Stealing, or the guessing of a keyword they slay an “angel,” they lose 5 points.
by the opposing team, is allowed. If, at The group that gets the highest score
the end of one minute a team cannot wins.
guess the right word, the opposing team 3. Do not tell the students how many
can take a guess and receive a point if demons there are in the text. If they
they are correct. Allowing the opposing insist on a clue, just tell them there are
group to “steal” encourages listening. “about 10” or “about 20” demons.
Each group gets only one chance to steal 4. Three minutes should be the maximum
and is allowed to make only one guess. time for a 125- to 150-word text.
5. After the game, make the activity a
Game 2: Slay the Demons learning experience by explaining words
A spelling and vocabulary activity at the that were not familiar to your students.
university level is usually a predictable exer- Here is an example of a text I wrote for
cise. The teacher dictates the word, gives the Slay the Demons. In addition to the misspell-
meaning, and uses the word in a sentence. I ings, I made sure that the text contained some
therefore felt the need to create a fun activ- incorrect homophones.
ity that would combine the review of learned Yesterday was our first meeting
words with the discovery of new words in in one of my Science subjects. Our
context. With this as my objective, I used the professor made us seat in alpha-
fact that I was a fan of the “Buffy the Vampire betical order and then collected our
Slayer” television series to create a game I call class cards. Then she set the rules on
“Slay the Demons,” in which students read classroom behavior, e.g., the use of
a text and detect incorrect homophones and mobile phones, tardyness, absences,
spelling errors. Students receive 1 point for and submission of requirements.
correctly identifying errors in the text, which She said that in her class there
are called demons, and are penalized 5 points if should not be any expectators; every
they mistakenly identify a correct word, which one must actively participate in the
are called angels, as an error. Slay the Demons discussions.
can be played as an individual or pair activity. After one hour of listening to
her, we were all ready feeling bor-
What to prepare
ing. Finally, during the last fifteen
1. Clip an article from a newspaper, or
minutes of the class, she gave our
write a 125- to 150-word text your-
first reading topic—parasites: ugly,
self. Alter the text to introduce errors
slimey, and wierd organisms that
in spelling and make sure that the
leave and fist on there hosts. Quiet
text contains homophones (e.g., “cite,”
unfortunately, the professor, per-
“sight,” and “site”).
haps because she noticed how I
2. Make as many copies as you need for
allowed myself to be destructed by
your class (e.g., if you have 30 students
other things throughout the period,
and you intend to have students work assigned me to report on leaches
in pairs, you must have 15 copies of and tics.
the text).
How many “demons” did you spot in the
Playing the game text? Did you find 15? (See answers at the end
1. Give each pair or group a copy of the of the article.)
altered article with several demons, the
words that are purposely misspelled. Game 3: Find My Children
All words that are not misspelled are I created this game after going over the
called angels. course syllabus to see which lessons required
22 2009 Number 3 | E n g l i s h TE a c h i n g F o r u m
the most practice. I noticed the topic colloca- Do • away with frills
tions, which are words that typically appear • without water for a day
with each other, for example, to do a favor, • the right thing
or to look down on. Instead of just assigning
students to find out what words or phrases are Put • one over on somebody
used with a certain verb, I thought it would be • your foot down
• out to sea
better to create a fun and challenging game.
Thus, the game “Find My Family” was born. Take • my work seriously
• to task
What to prepare • back what he said in anger
1. Make a list of the collocations that you
want to test. I chose some expressions
Playing the game
that begin with the verbs go, make, do, 1. Give each group of students a set of
put, and take. five Mothers, a bundle of 15 Children,
2. Separate the verbs from the words or and a piece of heavy paper on which
phrases that are typically used with they will lay out the Mother and her
them. For the verb put I listed one over Children.
on somebody and your foot down, among 2. Explain to the students that their task
others. Do the same for the other verbs. is to group the Children with their
3. Write each of the verbs (identified as Mother. Do not tell the students how
Mother) on a strip of paper (about 2 many Children a particular Mother
inches by 8 inches). If you are testing has.
five verbs, you will need five strips— 3. Announce that after three minutes you
one for each verb. Each group playing will check their work and tell them
how many correct answers they got.
the game will need a set of these five
Stress that you will not tell them where
strips.
their errors are but that they will then
4. Write down all of the words or phrases
have another two minutes to change
that go with these five verbs (identified whatever they want in their answers,
as Children) on strips of paper. If each after which their answers will be final.
of the five verbs has three matching The group that gets the most correct
words or phrases, you will end up with answers wins.
a bundle of 15 strips of paper. Each 4. After the game, use each collocation
group playing the game will need a in a sentence, and have the students
bundle of these strips of paper. explain the meaning from the context.
5. Give each group a set of the five If there is only a little time left, focus
Mother strips and a bundle of the 15 on the collocations that the students
Children strips. Be sure to shuffle the missed.
Children strips so they are mixed up.
Game 4: Insert Me
These are the five Mothers and the associ- As with other games, I created “Insert Me”
ated Children that I prepared for the game: based upon the language issues that required
attention in my class, in this case the place-
MOTHER CHILDREN
ment of modifiers. The following description
Go • against her father’s will is for five groups of students.
• into politics
• for it What to prepare
1. Make a list of six to seven sentences,
Make • do with what you have each one containing an independent
• good on your promise clause. Also decide on a modifier that
• the most of the situation can be inserted into the sentence. Fol-
lowing are three examples.
E n g l i s h TE a c h i n g F o r u m | Number 3 2009 23
Example A: Today all professionals use modifiers. During the next class students can
computers in their offices play the game using their own exercises. The
and homes. teacher simply watches out for errors and
Modifier for insertion: makes corrections only when necessary.
“practically”
Example B: The American College of Do language games always require a lot
Physicians recommends a of paraphernalia?
blood test for thyroid disor- If the thought of all the work involved in
ders for women 50 or older. preparing material prevents you from using
Modifier for insertion: “at games in your English classes, rest assured
least once every five years” that some games require no material devel-
Example C: In the village we visited, opment—only a generous amount of listen-
pork and chicken are served ing and speaking practice. One example is
on special occasions such as the game “Discover Me,” in which students
birthdays and Christmas. practice formulating “Yes/No” and “Wh”
Modifier for insertion: questions. The teacher’s role is to make sure
“only” the rules are followed, to take note of student
2. Write the complete sentence in large errors in the “Yes/No” and “Wh” questions,
print on one long strip of heavy paper and to discuss those errors after the game. The
or cardboard. On a smaller piece of teacher should make no language corrections
paper, write the modifier (a word or a during the game.
phrase) for insertion. Do the same for
all the sentences. Game 5: Discover Me
3. On five index cards make a caret (the This is a simple game in which groups of
^ insertion mark) that is large enough students ask questions to discover the identity
to be seen by students in the back row. of a famous personality.
24 2009 Number 3 | E n g l i s h Te a c h i n g F o r u m
Getting students to participate actively in may get the impression that you are not ready
games for the day’s lesson. To avoid this perception,
An obvious technique to keep games excit- do not allow games to take up the whole
ing is to change group members every now period. Allocate just the right amount of time
and then. This ensures that there is some vari- for the game. In a 1.5-hour class, a game
ety and that the better students are not always should take no more than 30 minutes. Use
together in the same group. games as warm-up activities, as fillers, or as
Games add fun to learning, but students practice exercises.
do not always join games for fun—they want Although games do add life to an English
a prize. The incentive of a prize is good for class, it is not necessarily good to have the
motivation. For example, my students are class play games every day. Even when we
always interested in receiving extra points for have planned some games for a lesson, we
Quizzes, Exercises, and Assignments (QEA), should watch for signals that tell us that our
which count for 25 percent of their total students are not in the mood for playing
grade. For each game I typically award 5 or are tired of playing the same game every
extra points to the winners, 3 points to the time. Brandt (2002) says that teachers need
next highest, and 1 point to the rest of the to respect the idea that a game should be
class. When a game requires more analysis, free and voluntary and realize that games
I increase the points to 7, 5, and 3, respec- are “often most effective as student-centered
tively. At the end of the semester I add each activities, where students can make their own
student’s total extra points to his or her total choices about what game to play, or indeed
QEA score, which allows students to improve to play at all.”
their final grades. Thus students have nothing Games should not be a waste of time
to lose, and much to gain, from participating and must be an essential part of the learner’s
in the games. development. It is therefore wise for the
English teacher to consider the following
Some problems, solutions, and
suggestions related to the use of games as a
suggestions for using games in class
teaching tool:
My experience has taught me that the
use of games is not without problems. One 1. Choose games that are suitable for the
of the issues I encounter is related to the class and that further the linguistic aims
enthusiasm games create—they can be very of the lesson.
exciting, and there is a tendency for students 2. Select games that will keep the inter-
to shout or scream. Some rooms are suit- est of the students and will allow
able for this type of noise, but often the many students to be active or working
loudness may annoy teachers in the other simultaneously.
rooms, especially those who are doing quiet 3. Consider the size and location of the
activities or administering tests. Often, in room when deciding whether a game
the middle of a game, there will be a sharp should be a pair work game or a group
knock on the door and an irritated teacher game. Group games require more space
asks, “Will you please keep quiet? There is and are likely to create more noise.
a class in the next room.” To prevent this 4. Determine how much time to allot for
scenario, emphasize to your students before the game, keeping in mind that the
playing a game that they must refrain from game shouldn’t be the sole activity for
shouting or screaming. the class period.
Another problem has to do with the prepa- 5. Note students’ responses to each game
ration of the material for your games. If it is played in the class, e.g., whether they
a group game, you have to prepare a set of enjoyed it, found it challenging, found
materials for each group, and this can be time- it appropriate, and would like to play
consuming and expensive. I have learned to it again. (My students, puzzled when
cut down on costs by recycling old calendars they didn’t see the “demons” hiding
or folders from student papers. in the Slay the Demons material, were
It is easy to make games the sole activity so challenged that they begged for
for the period, but if you do that the students another, and still another, round.)
Continued on page 38
E n g l i s h Te a c h i n g F o r u m | Number 3 2009 25
Livening Up College English Classes…
(continued from page 25)
38 2009 Number 3 | E n g l i s h TE a c h i n g F o r u m