Professional Documents
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Air Regulations Air Regulations
Air Regulations Air Regulations
Page 1
AIR REGULATIONS
1. Thre
Threshold
shold / Displa
Displaced
ced threshold
threshold ligh
lightt ar
are.
e.
a. White / Green
b. Green / Green
c. Green / White
2. Aer
Aeronaut
onautical
ical inform
information
ation of shorte
shorterr nature
nature is containe
contained
d in
a. A IP
b. AIC
c. Operations manual
3. An accid
accident
ent is noti
notied
ed to DG!A
DG!A..
a. If a/c All up Weight is more than "#$$ %gs.
(. A/! inte
intendi
nding
ng to )'
)' in form
formati
ation
on
Page 1
Page 2
#. An air
aircraf
craftt on ,hich
,hich a0igatio
a0igation
n ights
ights ha0
ha0e
e not &een
&een tted
tted
a. A sma
smalll a c li%
li%e
e!!h
hipmu
ipmun
n% o
orr !e
!ess
ssn
na ,il
,illl g
gi0
i0e
e ,a0
,a0 to &ig
&igge
gerr a c. lli%
i%e
e 4oe
4oeiing.
ng.
c. If &oth
oth a/c
a/c are
are p
po,
o,er
ere
ed the
the ..1
1 c u hit
hit h has
has ot
othe
herr a c on it
its
s ri
right
ght gi0
gi0e
es ,a-
,a-1 to
to
that a/c.
8. A hori9
hori9ontal
ontal ,hile
,hile dum&&el
dum&&elll disp
displa'ed
la'ed in
in signal
signal are
area
a means
&. All
All a/
a/c
c to lan
land ta%eo
a%eo:
: of run
run,a'
,a' and
and ta
ta-
-i on ta
ta-
-i on ta
ta-
-i ; tr
trac
ac%
%s onl'
onl'.
a. Air
Aircraf
craftt to
to lan
land
doon
n ru
run,a'
,a' onl
onl'
' &u
&ut ma
ma' us
use a
arrea
eas
s oil
oiliier than
han ru
run,a'
,a' or
or ta-
ta-ii
trac% for other maneu0ers e.g. ta-iing etc
11. A hori9ontal red s<uare panel ,ith one 'ello, diagonal displa'ed
displa'ed in signal an;a means
&. All a
aiircraft to
to la
land a
an
nd ta
ta%eo: fr
from ta
ta-i ttrrac%s.
Page 2
Page 3
c. Due
Due to
to &
&ai
aill sta
stalle o
off man
manoe
oeu0
u0ri
rin
ng a
arrea o
orr som
some
e oth
other
er reason
ason.. P
Piilo
lots
ts lo o&s
o&ser0e
r0e
special precaution during approach and landing.
a. The place ,here Pilots can sla' for the night halt
a. At all speeds.
c. A&o0e ?ach 2
1. A Pilot ,ho is forced lo )' lo, o0er populated area due to &ad ,eather
,eather..
a. !an &e
&e su
sued in
in c
co
ourt fo
for tr
trespass &
&'
' tth
he rre
esidents of
of tth
he co
colon'.
1#. >mo%ing is permitted in the a/c onl' if permitted 0ide its !OA.
!OA.
Page 3
Page (
a. >hould no
not ha
ha0e c
co
onsumed al
alcoholic dr
drin%s 12
12 ho
hours &e
&efore )i
)ight
&. !an
!an &e pre
pre0e
0en
nted
ted fr
from &oar
oarding
ding the
the a c fo
forr )i
)igh
ghtt iiff he is in
into
to-
-ic
icat
ated
ed
&. Onl
Onl' if speciall' permitted in ,ri
,riting &' !entral Go0t.
23. Petr
Petroleum
oleum in 4ul% means storage capacit' of receipted is
Page (
Page "
a. !OA
&. ?aintenance
c. +oute Guide
d. Operations ?anual
a. !AO
&. DG!A
c. Pilot in !ommand
a. DG!A
&. P I!
c. The operator
d. The manufactures
&. +ules of
of tth
he st
state o
off it
its destination ae
aerodrome
c. I!AO
d. DG!A
a. >tate IG police.
a. ?ore th
than
// iin
naan
n' la
la'er &
&e
elo, s
sp
pecied he
height.
&. ?ore th
than 2
2// iin
naan
n' la
la'er &
&e
elo, s
sp
pecied he
height.
c. ?ore th
than (/ in an' la'er &elo, sp
specied height.
Page "
Page
3$. When ?et minima has not &een led ,ith D!!A the follo,ing minima ,ill appl'
c. *or tta
a%eo: ceiling 8$ meters isi&ilit' (.
(.# Fm
Fms
31. If ?et ?inima for a particular aerodrome is 4H ($$ feet 0is 2 Fms. The conditions ,ill
&e considered &elo, minima if
a. Grou
Ground
nd 0isi&
isi&il
iliit' is llos
oss
s tth
han " Fms
Fms and
and c
ce
eil
ilin
ing
g le
less tth
han =$
=$$
$ ?ot
?otor
ors
s @@1
1$$
$$$
$
foot
&. Grou
Ground
nd isi&i
si&ili
lit'
t' is mor
more
e tha
than
n " Fms
Fms @@3
3ms
ms a
and
nd cei
eillin
ing
g mor
more
e th
than 1"$$
"$$ fe
feet
et..
c. Groun
ound
iis is
is more t
than Fm
Fms
s and ceiling more th
than 1"
1"$$ foot.
a. " Fms
c. nms
&. ?a'
?a' &&e
e &elo
&elo,
, $$
$$$
$ fe
feet &ut not &elo
lo,
, 2$
2$$$ feet
feet ,he
,hen )'i
)'in
ng at
at a pl
plac
ace
e ,hi
,hich
ch
is more than 2 ms from centre of the aerodrome.
c. ?a' &e
&e &elo, 2$
2$$$ fe
feet ,
,h
hen )'
)'ing o0
o0er un
unpopulated ar
area.
d. ot
ot &el
&elo,
o, 2$
2$$
$$ fe
feet ,h
,hen
en )'ing
ing at
at a pla
lac
ce mor
more
e th
than 2 m
ms fr
from th
the
e ne
neares
arestt
point of perimeter of an aerodrome.
Page
Page #
3". The minimum safe distance for personal &ehind Jet engine e-
e-haust
haust is.
a. 2 ms
c. 2$$ feet
c. Dep
Depart
art fr
from !alc
alcutta
utta for
for Bas
Bast&
t&o
oun
und
d )ig
)igh
hts and
and ?u
?um&ai
m&ai for
for ,es
,est&
t&ou
ound
nd )i
)igh
ghts
ts..
3#. KT
KT!
! means.
means.
a. Kni0ersa
rsal Time !o
!o L ordinate an
and is
is theoreticall' sa
same as G?T
&. Kni0ersa
rsal !o
!o L ordinate T
Tiime an
and iis
s practicall' sa
same as
as G?
G?T.
c. !o L or
ordinate uni0ersal Time and is
is prac
racticall' same as G?T.
($. An a/c &efore entering controlled airspace shall see% permission from AT>
AT> unit
a. 3$ min in ad0ance
&. 1$ min
min in
in a
ad
d0a
0anc
nce
e if
if in
in d
dir
ire
ect ,i
,ith
th AT> unit and
and 2$
2$ min
min.. iiff s
see
ee%i
%in
ng per
permi
mis
ssio
ion
n
through another station.
c. Does
Does not re<ui
e<uirre a
an'
n' ad0
ad0ance
ance perm
ermiss
issio
ion
n iiff iin
n dir
direc
ectt con
conta
tac
ct ,i
,ith AT> unit
unit..
Page #
Page
a. Asc
Ascendi
ending
ng a c chan
hanges
ges a
alltim
timeter
eter sett
etting
ing tto
o B
B @1$1
1$13.2
3.2 ?&s
?&s af
afte
terr cr
cross
ossin
ing
g
Transition
Transition Altitude % De
Descending
scending a c !hanges o0er
o0er to local H after cross
crossing
ing
Transition
Transition e0el
e0el..
&. Asc
Ascendi
ending
ng a c chan
hanges
ges o
o0
0er to 1$
1$13
13.2
.2 ?&s af
aftter cross
ossing Tra
rans
nsiiti
tion
on Ie
Ie0e
0ell.
c. Des
Descend
ending
ing a c chan
change
gesso
o0e
0err to
to H
H af
aftter crossi
ossing
ng Trans
ransit
itio
ion
n alt
altiitu
tude
de..
d. 4oth
4oth clim&
lim&in
ing
g and
and De
Desc
scen
endi
ding
ng a c mai
ain
nta
tain
in 11
11 in Tra
rans
nsit
itio
ion
n la
la'
'er
a. 3$
&. ""
c. $
(3. ?inimum
ertical
ertical separation &et,een t,o I*+ )ights on reciproc
reciprocal
al trac%s is
&. A&o0
A&o0e
e *28
*28$
$ iin
n non
non +>? airs
airspa
pac
ce MMM
MMMMM
MMM
M. "$
"$$
$ fe
feet/l
et/lOO
OOOf
Ofe
eet/
et/2$$$
2$$$ fee
eett
c. 4et
4et,een
,een f28$
28$ and
and *(1$
*(1$ in +
+>? airs
airspa
pac
ce M
MMM
MMMM
MM.@
.@ 2$$
2$$$fe
$feet
et/"
/"$$
$$ feet/
et/1$$$
1$$$
feet
a. 1$$/18$.
&. 18$/2$$.
c. 1$$/2$$.
(". This of the follo,ing ,ill matter in selection of minimum *light e0el a0ail
a0aila&le
a&le to an a/c
,hen follo,ing high features appear en route.
(. Pre0en
Pre0ention
tion of collision &et,een t,o I*+ ac is responsi&ilit' of
Page
Page 8
d. =Trac
rac Pol
olic
ice=
e= for
for a/c
a/c on the ground
ound and
and ffor
or a/c in th
the ai
air= !on
!ontr
trol
ol To,e
o,er.
a. Heig
Height
ht on H
H sett
etting
ing ,
,hi
hille cl
cliim&
m&in
ing
g and
and as e0el
e0el on 1$13.
$13.2
2 ?&s
?&s ,
,hi
hile
le
descending.
&. As e0e
e0el on
on 1$1
1$13.
3.2
2??&
&s ,hi
,hile
le cl
clim
im&i
&ing
ng and
and a
as
s alt
altit
itu
ude on
on H
H duri
ring
ng desc
escent
ent
(. A Pilot ,ho has )o,n " hrs as !o;Pilot can )'
)' MMMM hrs as PI!
PI! in remaining
remaining period of
3$ consecuti0e da's
a. $ hrs
&. #3 hrs
c. 3" hrs
a. !ircular Pattern
c. +ace;!ourse Pattern
&. *+ TO license
a. Without restriction
Page 8
Page 1$
c. *or on
one landing and ta%e o: for a specic purpose.
a. If ac
ac has )o,n o0er a pl
place ,ith Eello, *e
*e0er epidemic
a. (" deg
&. 8$ deg
c. Parallel to trac%
". Time s
separation
eparation of ta%e;o:
ta%e;o: of light a c &ehind hea0'
hea0' a/c is
Page 1$
Page 11
a. 1 min
&. 3 min
c. 3$ min
"8. Di:erence of T
TA>
A> allo,ed &et,een )ight plan and actual T
TA>
A> is plus or minus
a. 2$R
&. 1$R
c. "R
$. *light of a c o0
o0er
er ?athura rener'
rener' is
a. Allo,ed
&. +estricted
c. Prohi&ited
a. 1 ?
c. ms
3. Afte
Afterr an AT!
AT! clearance has &een o&tained a pilot ma' not de0iate from that clearance
unless the pilot
(. Which aircraft has the right of ,a' o0er the other aircraf
aircraftt listedS
a. G'roplane
Page 11
Page 12
&. Airship
a. >ta' hi
high un
until tth
he ru
run,a' ca
can &
&e
e re
reached iin
n a po,er L o: la
landing.
&. ?aintain a 3o glide to the run,a'.
c. ?aintain an
an altitude at or a&
a&o0e th
the g
gllide slope.
. Automatic T
Terminal
erminal Information ser0ice ATI>N
ATI>N is the continuous &roadcast of recorded
information concerning
concerning
a. on
onessential information tto
o reduce fre<uenc' co
congestion.
&. Pil
ilot
ots
s of
of ra
rada
darr L iden
identi
tie
ed
d a/c
a/c ,hos
,hose
e a/
a/c
c is in da
dang
nger
erou
ous
s pr
pro-imi
-imit'
t' to te
terr
rrai
ain
n or
to an o&struction.
c. on
on con
control
trol info
inforrmatio
ation
n in sele
elected
cted high
igh acti
acti0
0it
it'
' term
ermin
inal
al are
areas.
as.
a. 1$ +out
oute )i
)ight
ght on
on that
that as co L pilo
pilott or as PI!
PI! ,it
ith
hout
out pas
passe
seng
nger
ers
s on th
that
at
route.l
a. 2 'ears
&. 3 months
c. 12 month.
d. 1$ 'ears
Page 12
Page 13
a. " 'ears
c. $ 'ears
a. An a/c in distress
&. A &alloon
#2. If an altimeter setting is not a0aila&le &efore )ight to ,hich altitude should the pilot
adJust the altimeter.
a. Th
The
e ele0
ele0a
ation
tion of the neares
arestt airp
airpor
ortt cor
correcte
ected
d to mean
ean sea le0e
0ell.
&. Pressure
ure al
altitude co
corrected fo
for n
no
on st
standard te
temperat
rature
a. !lass !.
&. !lass 4.
c. !lass A.
d. 1"$$ feet.
#". The num&ers 8 and 2# on a run,a' indicate that the run,a' is oriented appro-imatel'
appro-imatel'
a. $$8o and 2#o true.
c. $8$o and 2#$o true.
Page 13
Page 1(
c. With th
the controlling agenc'6s authori9ation.
##. An airplane and an airship are con0erging. If the airship is left of the airplane6s position
,hich aircraft has the right of ,a'
a. The airplane
c. The airship.
&. At the
the lo
lo,e
,err alt
altit
itud
ude
e &ut
&ut it
it sh
shal
alll not
not ta
ta%
%e ad
ad0a
0ant
ntag
age
e of
of th
this
is ru
rule
le to cut
cut iin
n fr
fron
ontt
of or to o0erta%e another.
Page 1(
Page 1"
a. Air
Aircraf
craftt m
mus
ustt &
&e
eee<
<uipp
uipped
ed ,i
,itth app
apprro0ed
o0ed di
dist
stan
anc
ce me
measu
asuri
rin
ng e<
e<uip
ipme
ment
nt
P?PN
&. Air
Aircraf
craftt m
mus
ustt &
&e
eee<
<uipp
uipped
ed ,i
,itth an
an AT
AT! tra
tran
nspond
ponder
er and
and nl
nltHml
tHmli1
i1 repor
eporttin
ing
g
e<uipment
2. Pilots arc not authori9ed to land an aircraft from an instrument approac
approach
h unless the
a. *l
*lig
ight
ht 0isi
0isi&i
&ili
lit'
t' is at
at or
or e-ceed
ceeds
s th
the
e 0i
0is
si&
i&il
ilit
it'
' pres
prescr
cri&
i&ed
ed in th
the
e ap
appr
proa
oach
ch
procedure
procedure &eing used.
&. *l
*lig
ight
ht 0isi
0isi&i
&ili
lit'
t' an
and
d cei
ceili
ling
ng ar
are
e at
at or e-ce
ceed
eds
s th
the
e mi
mini
nimu
mums
ms pres
prescr
cri&
i&ed
ed in th
the
e
approach &eing used.
c. is
isua
uall ap
appr
proa
oach
ch slop
slope
e indi
indica
cato
torr a
and
nd run,
run,a'
a' ref
efer
eren
ence
ces
s ar
are
e dis
disti
tinc
nctl
tl'
' 0is
0isi&
i&le
le to
the pilot.
3. An A
AT!
T! clearan
clearance
ce pro0ides
c. Auth
Author
ori9
i9at
atiion to prec
preced
ede
euun
nder sp
spec
eci
ie
ed tra
tra
c con
condi
diti
tio
ons in contr
ontrol
ollled
airspace.
a. A IP
&. !A+
c. A I!
d. Aircraft manual
a. andplane seaplane.
Page 1"
Page 1
a. Th
The
e pil
pilot
ot of th
the
e mu
multie
ltien
ngine
ine a
air
irp
plan
lane s
sh
houl
ould g
gi0
i0e
e ,a'
,a' th
the si
single
ngle;e
;eng
ngin
ine
e
airplane is to its right.
&. Th
The
e pilo
pilott of
of th
the
e sing
single
le;e
;eng
ngin
ine
e airp
airpla
lane
ne sh
shou
ould
ld gi
gi0e
0e ,a'
,a' th
the
e ot
othe
herr ai
airp
rpla
lane
ne is to
the left.
c. Bach pi
pilot sh
should al
alter course to the right.
a. Airplane 4
4 the pilot should e-pect to &e passed on th
the left.
&. Airplane 4
4 the pilot should e-pect to he passed on th
the ri
rig
ght.
c. Airplane A
A tth
he pi
pilot sh
should al
alter c
co
ourse tto
o th
the ri
right tth
he pa
pass.
a. !i0il
&. Pri0ate
c. ?ilitar'
a. 3$ mins
&. 3$ hrs
c. 2( hrs
81. During T
Test
est )ights passengers for
Page 1
Page 1#
a. Green light
c. +ed light
c. o restriction
a. IP on &oard
c. Passengers on &oard
c. Dis
Distan
tance e-ceeds
eds $$
$$ nms
nms an
and n
na0
a0iigat
gatio
ion
n aid
aids
s ar
are not
not a0ai
a0aila
la&
&le ,i
,ith
thin
in 3$
nms of trac%.
8. If threshold +
++
+ is a&o0e &ut ?id ++ is &elo, minima the Pilot .
Page 1#
Page 1
a. A IP
&. otams
c. A I!
d. !A+s
88. T,o digit &lac% colour against 'ello, &ac%ground displa'ed 0ertical
0erticall'
l' indicate.
a. Aerodrome ele0ation
&. +un,a' di
direction in use
c. Wind direction
1$$.
1$$. +un
un,a
,a'
' de
desi
sign
gnat
ator
or 2( mean
means.
s.
1$1.
1$1. Wi
Widt
dth
h of ai
air,
r,a'
a' @A
@AT>
T> rou
route
te is.
is.
a. 2$m
2$ms
s @1$
@1$ nms
nms eit
eithe
herr si
side
de o
o0
0er lan
land a
and
nd ($ @2
@2$
$ nm
nms eit
eith
her side
de o0
o0er sea
ea..
a. 2 hrs
c. 4' AT!
1$3. Transi
ransition
tion altitude
altitude of aero
aerodrom
dromes
es is
is laid
laid do,n &'.
&'.
a. I!AO
c. 4E AT!
1$(. The P
Pilot
ilot of a search
search plane
plane ,hich
,hich has sighted
sighted distr
distress
ess signal
signals
s displa'ed
displa'ed &' sur0i0o
sur0i0ors
rs
,ill con0e' to persons on ground that it has understood the message &'. &'.
Page 1
Page 18
c. 4' roc
oc%
%ing
ing ,in
,ings
gs du
duri
ring
ng da' and
and s
s,i
,itc
tch
hin
ing
g on
on and
and o
o:
: na0 / land
andin
ing
g llig
ight
hts
s
t,ice during hours of dar%ness.
1$"..
1$" o,est
o,est transi
transitio
tion
n altit
altitude
ude used
used in India
India is
is
a. 3$$$ ft
&. ($$$ ft
c. "$$$ ft
&. Are
Area of den
ened dimen
imensi
sion
ons
s e-t
-te
end
ndin
ing
g up,a
,arrds fr
from
om groun
ound le
le0
0el to
unspecied height.
c. Are
Area of
of de
den
ned dimen
imensi
sion
on e-t
-ten
endi
ding
ng fr
from
om ground
ound to a sp
speci
ecie
ed &ri
&righ
ghtt
up,ards.
1$..
1$ *ight
ight thresh
threshold
old st
strip
ripes
es in
indic
dicate
ate tthat
hat run,a
run,a'
' ,idth
,idth is.
a. 23 mtrs
&. 3$ mtrs
c. (" mtrs
1$8. eng
ength
th of run,a'
run,a' center
center line and spacing
spacing &et,een
&et,een each
each line is
a. 3$m/3$m
&. 2$m/2$m
c. 3$m/2$m
d. 2$m/3$m
Page 18
Page 2$
11$. De0ia
De0iations
tions if an'
an' from
from C!AO
C!AO recom
recommende
mended
d pra
practice
ctices
s arc
arc gi0en
gi0en in.
in.
c. A IP
111..
111 Amendm
Amendment
ents
s to +ules
ules 1
183#
83# are
are pu&l
pu&lis
ished
hed as
a. 4lac%
&. White
c. Orange
d. Green
112. On an in
instru
strument
ment ap
approa
proach
ch ,her
,here
e a Hi I or
or ?DA =applica&
=applica&le
le the pilot ma' not
not operate
operate
&elo, or continue the approach unless the
a. Air
Aircraf
craftt iis
s co
conti
ntinu
nuou
ousl
sl'
' iin
n a pos
posiition
tion from
from ,hic
,hich
had
des
esce
cent
nt to a nor
norma
mall llan
and
ding
ng
on the intended run,a'
run,a' can &e&e made.
&. Approach an
and ru
run,a' lliights ar
are di
distinctl' 0i
0isi&le to
to th
the pi
pilot.
c. *l
*lig
igh
ht 0
0iisi&i
si&ili
lit'
t' and
and c
ce
eili
iling are
are a
at
t or a&o0
a&o0e
e the
the pu
pu&l
&lis
ishe
hed
d min
minim
imum
ums
s ffor
or th
that
at
approach.
113. Durin
During
g a night
night )ight
)ight 'ou o&ser0e
o&ser0e stead'
stead' red and green
green lights
lights ahead
ahead and
and at the same
altitude. What is the general direction of mo0ement of the other aircraftS
11(. Durin
During
g a night
night )ight
)ight 'ou o&ser0e
o&ser0e stead'
stead' red and green
green lights
lights ahead
ahead and
and at the same
altitude ,hat is the general direction of mo0ement of the other a/c.
11". When d
depart
eparture
ure or destin
destination
ation a
aero
erodrom
drome
e has not
not &een
&een allotted
allotted I!AO
I!AO desig
designator
nator in
*light Plan form appropriate column enter.
Page 2$
Page 21
a. ////
&. UUUU
c. VVVV
d. il
11. Prio
Priorr to ta%eo:
ta%eo: th
the
e altimete
altimeterr should
should &eset
&eset to ,h
,hich
ich altitu
altitude
de or altime
altimeter
ter setting
settingS
S
a. The corrected p
prressure al
altitude for tth
he departure ai
airpo
rport.
&. Th
Thee cur
currrent loc
oca
al al
altime
timete
terr s
set
etti
tin
ng if a0ai
a0aila
la&
&le
le o
orr tthe
he depar
epartu
turre ai
airpor
rportt
ele0ation.
11#.
11#. !a
!a&i
&in
n cr
cre,
e, pos
posit
itio
ion
n at ta%
ta%e;
e;o:
o: tim
time
e is
is..
a. ear coc%pit
11.
11. Trac%
rac% separ
eparat
atio
ion
n iis.
s.
a. ertical separation
c. ongitudinal se
separation.
118..
118 An ac
ac ma'
ma' )' ,ithou
,ithoutt regis
registra
tratio
tion
n mar%in
mar%ings
gs ,
,hen
hen..
a. Ksed for go0t purpose.
12$.
12$. !O
!OA
A iis
s 0al
0alid
id in Indi
India
a ffor
or..
a. 3 months
Page 21
Page 22
c. 12 mon
months
ths for
for a/
a/c
c less
ess than
han 2$ 'ears
ears ol
old
d an
and mont
onths fo
forr a/c
a/c more
ore tth
han 2$
'ears old.
121. An ac departing
departing &ehind
&ehind a hea0'
hea0' ac should
should maneu0
maneu0er
er a/c to a0oid
a0oid ,a%e
,a%e tur&ule
tur&ulence.
nce.
122.
122. A )i
)igh
ghtt plan
plan iis
s con
consi
side
dere
red
d curr
curren
entt
123.
123. Ai
Airp
rport
ort in
info
form
rmat
atio
ion
n sig
signs
ns are
are
A%IA
%IATION
TION &EDICINE
&EDICIN E
12(.
12(. Wh
Whic
ich
h state
stateme
ment
nt &est
&est den
denes
es h'p
h'po
o-i
-iaS
aS
c. A co
condition of
of ga
gas &
&u
u&&le ffo
ormation around th
the JJo
oints or
or mu
muscles.
a. Perip
riphera
herall 0is
0isio
ion
n&&'
' sc
scann
anning
ing s
sm
mall
all se
sector
ctors
saan
nd u
uti
tilli9in
ing
g o:
o: ce
cente
nter 0i
0ie,in
e,ing.
g.
&. A ser
seriies of sho
short
rt rreg
egul
ular
arl'
l' spac
ace
ed e'
e'e mo0
mo0e
ement
ments
s tto
o se
search
arch ea
eac
ch 1$
1$ de
degre
grees
sector.
c. +egula
gularl
rl'
'sspa
pac
ced con
concent
centra
rattio
ion
n on
on th
the 3
3;; 8
8;
; and
and 12;
12;o=
o=c
cIo
Ioc%
c% posit
ositiions
ons.
Page 22
Page 23
12#. If a pil
pilot
ot e-perie
e-periences
nces spatial
spatial dis
disorien
orientatio
tation
n during
during )ight
)ight in a restr
restricted
icted 0isi&ili
0isi&ilit'
t'
condition the &est ,a' to o0ercome the e:ect
e:ect is lo
a. !on
!onsc
scio
iou
usl' slo, the &reath
eathiing rat
rate u
un
nti
till s
s'
'mpto
mptom
ms cle
clear
ar and
and th
then resu
esume
normal &reathing rate.
c. !oncentrate o
on
n 'a, p
piitch an
and rro
oll sensations.
12..
12 Pi
Pilot
lots
s are
are more
more su&J
su&Ject
ects
s to dis
disori
orient
entati
ation
on if
if
a. B'es
B'es are
are m
mo0
o0e
ed of
often
ten in
in tth
he p
prroc
oces
ess
s of
of c
crross
oss ;;c
chec%
hec%in
ing
g th
the )i
)ight
ght iin
nstr
trum
umen
ents
ts..
128. +api
+apid
d or e-tra
e-tra deep
deep &re
&reathin
athing
g ,hile using
using o-
o-'gen
'gen can
can cause
cause a conditi
condition
on %no,n
%no,n .it
a. H'per 0entilation
&. Aerosinusits
c. Aerotitis
13$. Which
13$. Which ,ou
,ould
ld most
most li%el'
li%el' rresu
esult
lt in h
h'pe
'per0e
r0enti
ntilat
lation
ionSS
a. An e-tremel' slo, rate of &reathithing a
annd iin
nsucient o-'gen.
&. Bmotional te
tension an
an-iet' or
or ffe
ear
131. A pil
pilot
ot is a&le to o0ercom
o0ercome
e the s'mptoms
s'mptoms or
or a0oid
a0oid future
future occur
occurren
rences
ces of
h'per0entilation &'
a. In
Inc
creas
easing
ing th
the &re
&reath
athing
ing rrat
ate
e in ord
order lo iinc
ncrreas
ease lu
lung
ng 0e
0ent
ntil
ilat
atio
ion
n.
&. !los
!lose
el' mo
mon
nitor
itoriing the
the )ight
ight instr
nstru
umen
ments to con
contr
trol
ol the
the ai
airp
rpla
lan
ne.
c. >l
>lo,
o,iing th
the
e &reat
eathing
hing rate
rate &reat
eathing
hing in
into
to a &ag
ag or ta
tall%i
%ing
ng al
alou
oud
d.
Page 23
Page 2(
132..
132 >uscep
>uscepti&
ti&ili
ilit'
t' to car&on
car&on mono-
mono-ide
ide poiso
poisonin
ning
g increas
increases
es as
a. Altitude decreases.
133. arg
arge
e accumul
accumulations
ations of car&on
car&on mono-ide
mono-ide in the
the h
human
uman &od' result
result in
c. Tightness ac
across th
the ffo
orehead/thro&&ing iin
n tte
emles.
13(. What e
e:ect
:ect does ha9e ha0e on the a&ilit'
a&ilit' to s
sec
ec trac
trac or terrain
terrain featur
features
es during
during
)ight.
&. All
All ttra
ra
c or
or te
terrain
rain feat
featu
ures app
ppea
earr to
to &
&e
e far
farth
ther
er a,a'
a,a' than
han the
their
ir actu
actual
al
distance.
c. Th
The
e col
colou
ourr con
contr
tras
astt is
is lles
ess
sddiistin
tinct
ct o
o&
&Je
Jec
cts &ecom
ecome
e di
dicu
cult
lt lo see
see e'es te
ten
nd to
to
o0er,or% in ha/r and do not detect relati0e mo0ement easil'.
13". A stal
stale
e of temporar
temporar'
' confusion
confusion resul
resulting
ting from
from misle
misleading
ading informatio
information
n &eing
&eing sent to
the &rain &' 0arious sensor' organs is dened as
a. H'po-ia.
&. H'per0entilation.
c. >patial disorientation.
c. Partial pr
pressure@amount of
of o
o-
-'gen de
decreases
Page 2(