Media and Information Literacy 12

Lesson 7: Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues In Media And Information

Plagiarism
- is the presenting the words, ideas, images, sounds, or the creative expression of others as
your own.
- The word plagiarism comes from the Latin plagiarius meaning "kidnapper"

Types of Plagiarism

1. “THE GHOST WRITER”

- the writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word as his or her own.
2. “THE PHOTOCOPY”
- the writer copies significant portions of text straight from a single source without alteration.
3. “THE POTLUCK PAPER”
- the writer copies from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to make them fit
together while retaining most of the original phrasing.
4. “THE POOR DISGUISE”
- the writer has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
5. “THE LABOR OF LAZINESS”
- the writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all
fit together.
6. “THE SELF-STEALER”
- the writer “borrows” generously from his or her previous work.
7. “THE FORGOTTEN FOOTNOTE”
- the writer mentions an author’s name for a source but neglects to include specific
information on the location of the material reference.
8. “THE MISINFORMER”
- the writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources making it impossible to
find them.
9. “THE TOO-PERFECT”
- the writer properly cites a source but neglects to put in quotation marks on text that has
been copied word-for-word or close to it.
10. “THE RESOURCEFUL CITER”
- the writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately.

Two types of plagiarism

1. Intentional
- Copying a friend’s work
- Buying or borrowing papers
- Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting
- Media “borrowing” without documentation
2. Unintentional
- Careless paraphrasing
- Poor documentation
- Failure to use your own “voice”

CYBERSPACE
- refers to the virtual computer world and more specifically is an electronic medium used to
form a global computer network to facilitate online communication.
 CYBERCRIME
- refers to the criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the internet.
CYBERBULLYING
- the use of electronic communication to bully a person.
HACKING
- refers to the practice of modifying or altering computer software and hardware to
accomplish a goal that is considered to be outside of the creator’s original objective.
- Hackers – these are the individuals who engage in computer hacking activities.
CYBER DEFAMATION
- is an unprivileged false statement of fact which tends to harm the reputation of a person or
company.

Lesson 8: Opportunities, Challenges, Power of Media and Information

Opportunity
- It is a set of situations that makes possible to do something.
- Economy, education, social and political

Challenges

- It is something new and difficult which requires great effort and determination.
- - illegal content, cybercrime, copy infringement and identity theft

Power

- Media power means here the concentration of symbolic power in media institutions,
particularly those televisions, radio and the press. Although the long term impact of new
media on media power is considered.
- Business strategy, banks of the future and health care and public health

Political

- The political landscape has changed quite a bit in the last couple of decades.
- - the internet has played a large role in this transformation.
- New around the clock, the impact of polls, direct interaction with politicians and
demographic and targeting