COMPUTER

SCIENCE
DEBUGGING
&
TYPES OF ERRORS

CLASS – XI
 What is
Debugging?
⚫ Debugging refers to the
process of locating the
place of error, cause of
error and correcting the
code accordingly.
⚫ Debugging means to
remove bugs from the
 Bugs
⚫ An error causing disruption in
program’s running or in
producing right output is
known as a program bug.
Errors and Exceptions:-
⚫ Errors and Exceptions, both
disrupt a program and stop its
execution but they are not same.
 What is an
Error?
⚫ An error, also known as a bug, is
any thing in the code that
prevents a program from
compiling and running correctly.
⚫ There are broadly three types of
errors:-
(i) Compile time errors
(ii) Run time errors
(iii) Logical errors
 Compile Time
Errors:-
⚫ Errors that occur during compile
time, are compile time errors.
⚫ There are two types of compile
time error:-
(i) Syntax Error:
-
The errors that occur when
grammatical
rules of a programming language
are violated.
 Compile Time
Errors:-
⚫ Examples of syntax errors:
PRINT(“welcome”)
The above statement will produce an
error as
print() function should be given in
lowercase
x=10
print(x)
The above statement will produce an
error as
 ii)Semantics
Errors:-
⚫ Semantics errors are the errors
that occur when the statements are
not meaningful.
⚫ (Semantics refers to the set of rules
which give meaning to a statement)
⚫ For example:
X*Y=Z
10=y
will result in a semantics error as
an expression can not come to the
 Logical
Errors:-
⚫ The errors that occur due to
incorrect logic such as
(wrong formula or wrong
operator), are known as
logical errors.
⚫ These errors occur when we
don't get the desired output
in a program.
⚫ These errors are most
 Examples of Logical Errors:
-
⚫ Use of a variable before its
initialization
y=x+10 #x not declared
print(y)
⚫ wrong parameters passed to
a function.
⚫ Using wrong formula like:
Areaofrect=l+b
 Errors:-
⚫ Errors that occur during the
execution of a program are
called run time errors.
⚫ Some run time errors stop the
execution of a program which
is known as abnormal
termination.
⚫ For example:
⚫ Number divided by zero[
⚫ Errors and exceptions are very
similar but have a slight
difference between them.
⚫ Errors represent any bug in the
code that disrupt running of a
program
whereas
⚫ an exception refers to any
 -
⚫ Mathematical Exception
a=10
b=0
c=a/b
In simple terms
⚫ When you input wrong
PIN number in an ATM ,
it is an error.
 Exceptions:-
⚫ If we try to open a
data file that does not
exist.
⚫ If we try to import a
module that does not
exist.
 Some built in
Exceptions:-
⚫ ZeroDivisionError:- Raised when
the second argument of a division
or modulo operation is zero.
⚫ EOFError:- raised when input()
function reaches end of file
condition without reading data in
data files.
⚫ NameError :- raised when an
identifier name is not found.
⚫ ImportError:- Raised when an
 Debugging using Code
Tracing:-
⚫ Most common technique to
debug an error is to find the
point of error and origin of
error.
⚫ Code Tracing is the most
useful debugging technique
⚫ Code tracing means
executing code one line at a
Debugging using Code
Tracing:-
⚫ One way of Code tracing
is DRY RUN that you
have already learnt.
⚫ Another way of code
tracing is using
Debugging tools
⚫ Python also has a
debugger tool for
TESTING is the process
of finding errors in a
program.