UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

GOV. PACK ROAD, BAGUIO CITY

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

2 TYPES OF SCIENCE
I. Pure Science
--- when scientific research is conducted only for the sake of acquiring knowledge then it is
considered as basic research
--- focuses on theories of science and predictions that help understand the world better
--- information gathered in pure sciences is helpful in applied sciences

II. Applied Science

--- practical use of knowledge
--- the application of theoretical sciences
--- utilizes scientific information to develop practical solutions
--- more similar to technology and engineering

Technology
--- the application of science in modern living
--- the “material artifacts” in anthropological term or “hardware” in engineering term, produced
by a person or group of persons
--- the system of know how, skills, techniques and processes which enable societies to produce,
distribute, install, maintain or improve goods and services needed to satisfy human needs
--- is systematic: purposeful manipulation of the material world
--- is a process: power is applied through a tool or machine to a certain material by employing a
certain technique

How Does Technology Address Human Needs and Wants?

Basic types of Technology

1. Material technology
--- deals with the extraction, fabrication, processing, combination and synthesis of materials
--- the production of goods from raw materials to processing of finished materials into the shapes
and forms needed for specific applications
--- development of materials with outstanding combinations of mechanical, chemical, and
electrical properties that make other advances possible
Examples: Mosquito repellent, clothing, artificial skin grafts for burn victims, advanced building
materials

Types of Material Technology

1. Manufacturing and processing of different materials.
2. Structural and functional properties of materials related to the use.
Examples: metals, plastics and ceramics
3. Materials that have great significance for energy technology.
Example: solar cells can help lower emissions of greenhouse gases
4. Refining and recycling.
5. Creating environmentally friendly.
6. Creating new materials using nanotechnology.

Impacts of Materials Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
NEW MATERIALS – able to reuse recycled materials to help the environment

NEGATIVE IMPACT
NEW MATERIALS – don’t know how the materials will behave over long periods of time.

2. Energy and Power Technology

--- deals with the generation, conversion and distribution of various forms of energy

Energy is the ability or capacity to do work.

Examples:

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Chemical Energy - Gasoline
Mechanical Energy - Motion
Thermal Energy - Steam
Electrical Energy - Electricity
Radiant Energy – Light

Power is the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another.

Examples:
Electrical power – provides light and operates motors
Mechanical power – moves automobiles, trains, and airplanes
Fluid power – uses fluids to produce motion
Hydraulic – uses a liquid
Pneumatic – uses a gas

“Clean Coal” Technology

--- aims to cut down on the emissions of pollutants

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)

--- aims to reduce the carbon dioxide emitted by fossil fuel power plants
--- as carbon dioxide contributes to global warming

Renewable Technology
--- such as solar, wind and hydropower
--- more effective for meeting today’s growing energy demands

Impacts of Energy and Power Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
Without energy and power, most technologies would not exist or work

NEGATIVE IMPACT
Overuse of nonrenewable resources

3. Information Technology
--- deals with the collection, storage, processing, retrieval, transmission and utilization of
information
--- allows us to send signals around the world
Examples: television, internet, satellite, GPS, cell phones, computers, printers, servers, drives

Impacts of Information Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
INTERNET –Information is stored for easy access

NEGATIVE IMPACT
INTERNET – Harder to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources

4. Life Technology or Biotechnology

--- deals with the preservation, repair, maintenance, reproduction and improvement of living
systems
--- transforms living things into products or new forms of life
Example: Genetic engineering, Genetics or genetic analysis

Impacts of Bio-Related Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
HEALTH – Improves quality of life, vitamins, vaccines, medications

NEGATIVE IMPACT
HEALTH – Side effects of some medications – nausea, shortness of breath, etc.

5. Communication Technology
--- is giving or exchanging information
Examples: Magazines, DVDs, photography

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Communication networks
--- email and interoffice chat
Telecommunications
--- to communicate quickly --- phone
Video conferencing
--- “face-to-face” --- geographically distant, even on opposite sides of the world

Impacts of Communication Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
DIGITAL CAMERAS allow you to edit and print only the pictures you like

NEGATIVE IMPACT
COMPUTERS, PRINTERS, & DIGITAL CAMERAS make forgery and plagiarism easier

6. Agricultural Technology
--- produces plants and animals for food, fiber, and fuel
Examples: Irrigation, food preservation, weed and insect control

Impacts of Agricultural Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
FERTILIZERS– can make plants produce more food

NEGATIVE IMPACT
FERTILIZERS– have found their way into ground water, polluting good drinking water

7. Medical Technology
--- creates tools to treat disease and injury
Examples: Lasers, prostheses, ultrasound, medications, dialysis, chemotherapy,
surgeries

Impacts of Medical Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
X-RAYS – Make it easier to diagnose injuries

NEGATIVE IMPACT
X-RAYS – Too many x-rays can cause cancer

8. Environmental Technology
--- creates tools to minimize the effect of technology on the development of living things
Examples: Hybrid vehicles, conservation, waste management (recycling)

Impacts of Environmental Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
RECYCLING – Improves water and air quality

NEGATIVE IMPACT
RECYCLING – Disposal of garbage is more complicated and time consuming

9. Production Technology
--- is the manufacturing of physical goods on an assembly line and the construction of structures
on a job site

A. Manufacturing Technology
--- changes natural or synthetic materials into usable products
Examples: Clothing, vehicles, food

B. Construction Technology
--- builds structures that support loads and protect us from the environment
Examples: House, bridge, roads

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 Impacts of Production Technology
POSITIVE IMPACT
MANUFACTURING – New products help to make our life easier and increase leisure time
CONSTRUCTION – Provides shelter, improves roads, creates employment opportunities

NEGATIVE IMPACT
MANUFACTURING – Many industries use materials that can harm the environment
CONSTRUCTION – Noise and debris, traffic problems, accidents and injuries

10. Transportation Technology

--- provides a way for people, animals, products, and materials to be moved from one place to the
next

Examples:
Flight – Airplane, rocket, space shuttle
Land – Train, subway, automobile, bicycle
Water – Commercial and cruise ships
Non-vehicle – Conveyor belts, pipelines

Impacts of Transportation Technology

POSITIVE IMPACT
Traveling long distances faster

NEGATIVE IMPACT
Accidents

11. Nanotechnology
--- is manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular level
Examples: Sensors, Nanobot, molecular manufacturing

Impacts of Nanotechnology
POSITIVE IMPACT
IMPLANTED SENSORS - Continuously sense and adjust medical treatment

NEGATIVE IMPACT
IMPLANTED SENSORS - Impede privacy

12. Management Technology

--- deals with planning, organization, coordination and control of social activities
Planning
Example: Budgeting software
--- can help management teams to construct detailed, informed and reasonable budgets

Monitoring
--- keeping plans on track once they are enacted, whether it be for short-term projects
Examples: marketing campaigns, or on-going projects, like production setups and electronic time-
clocks can aid managers in keeping tabs on hours worked by each employee

13. Equipment technology

--- deals with the design and fabrication of tools, instruments, devices and machines

REFERENCES:
https://www.youstudy.com/subjectareas/applied-and-pure-sciences
https://www.easyuni.com/applied-and-pure-sciences/
https://www.what-is.info/what-is-technology.html
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/technology
https://www.britannica.com/technology/technology
https://whatchawearing.com/types-of-technology/
https://prezi.com/1gc1b5j6rfx1/7-types-of technology/?
frame=09e43dbf8f6ac25c4a59fec1870a5ffe2d00e89f

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https://vaeveryday.com/blog/positive-and-negative-effects-of-technology/