PRUDENCE, ASHOK VIHAR

SOCIAL SCIENCE
2020-2021
GRADE 8: HISTORY
CHAPTER 2: FROM TRADE TO TERRITORY

[FLOW CHART]

• Decline of the Mughal Empire weakened the political system of the country.
• In 1600, Queen Elizabeth, granted a charter to the East India Company and gave it the
sole right to trade with the East.
• By the early 17th century The Dutch and the French also started coming to India to
explore the possibilities of trade.
• The intense competition to hold a monopoly resulted in fierce battles between all the
trading companies.
• The East India Company set up its first factory on the banks of river Hugli in 1651.
• The Company began to build fort around the settlement by 1696 and it also got zamindari
rights of 3 villages of Bengal.
• The Nawabs of Bengal refused concessions, reductions and discounts to the Company
[EEIC], and demanded large tributes from Company.
• The Battle of Plassey was fought between Sirajuddaula, the nawab of Bengal and the
British in 1756 .Nawab was defeated.
• After the battle of Plassey, Sirajuddaulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar was installed as
the puppet Nawab of Bengal.
• Soon he was overthrown or deposed and Mir Qasim was installed as the new nawab of
Bengal.
• When Mir Qasim began to oppose the British, he was defeated in the Battle of Buxar
(1764) and Mir Jafar was once again made the Nawab.
• Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II granted the Diwani Rights of the provinces of Bengal to
the Company in 1765.
• Company’s prospering officials became ‘Nabobs’.
• British recruited Residents in the courts of Indian rulers for the Expansion of Company’s
Rule in India.
• Methods used for the annexation of Indian estates were

• Subsidiary Alliance • Policy of Paramountcy • Doctrine of Lapse • Direct Annexation

• Hyderabad Awadh Satara Maratha

Udaipur Sind
 Jhansi. Punjab
• The British fought 3 Anglo-Maratha wars to defeat Marathas between 1782 to 1819.
• British fought four wars against Haider Ali nd Tipu Sultan to annex Mysore between
1767 to 1799.
• Governor General Warren Hastings (1773-1785) introduced several administrative and
judicial reforms
• A new Supreme Court was established under the Regulating Act of 1773 and a court of
appeal; the Sadar Nizamat Adalat; was also set up at Calcutta.
• The infantry regiment (foot soldiers) was introduced in the army.
• By 1857 the Company directly started ruling over about 63 % of the territory.
• About 78 %of the population of the Indian subcontinent was under Company rule.