HOW TO USE THIS

MODULE?

TOPIC Introduction to Sets Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasksthat will disturb you while
QUARTER 1 enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the
MODULE 1 objectives of this kit. Have fun!
LEARNING COMPETENCY illustrates well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set,
cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and the 1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
different of two sets module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind .
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.

Enjoy studying!

MATHEMATICS 7
PARTS OF THE MODULE
Sherryn Nicole L. Malonzo
S.Y. 2020-2021
1st Edition
Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
VISION The Furigay Colleges Foundation Inc., aims to be locally or nationally recognized as
throughout thelesson.
a leading school in the application of emerging technologies that facilitate learning to
the next generation. Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and skills did you
understand from the previous lesson.
MISSION To realize the vision, Furigay Colleges targets to:

1. Provides quality education that meets student diversity by utilizing E-learning as

alternative solution to traditional schooling. Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.

2. Build an institutional capacity which is to integrate and implement technologies

into teaching and learning practices, generate

3. A dynamic value- driven education that is accessible and suitable for everyone.

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 Pre-Test Evaluation and Feedback (Diagnostic Exam per Unit)
7. How will you write the given set below in roster method?
What I Know
H = { xIx is a counting number between 7 and 10 }
MULTIPLE CHOICE A. {8, 9} C. {6, 7, 8, 9}
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of your answer and write it in your Mathematics B. {7, 8, 9} D. {7, 8, 9, 10}
notebook.
1. Which of the following is a well – defined set? 8. What is the equivalent set builder form of the given set below?
A. The set of happy people. D = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
B. The set of good teachers. A. {xIx is an odd number less than 11}
C. The set of enjoyable subjects. B. {xIx is a whole number less than 11}
D. The set of Philippine Presidents. C. {xIx is an even number less than 11}
2. Which of the following is an INFINITE set? D. {xIx is a counting number less than 11}
A. {a,b,c,d,e} 9. Which of the following statements below is NOT correct?
B. {2,4,6, 8,…,800} A. {2} ⊆ {2, 4, 6}
C. (xIx is an integer between -60 and 60}. B. {7} ⊂ {1, 3, 5, 7}
D. {xIx is a whole number greater than 20} C. {a, b, c, d} ⊂ {a, b, c, d}
3. How many subsets will the set below have? D. {2, 4, 6} ⊂ {1, 2, 3, 4, …}
T = {Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday}
10. What are the elements of the given set below?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 32 D. 64
F = {x I x > 7, x is an odd number}
4. What do you call a set that contains no element?
A. {9, 11, 13, 15, …}
A. Subset C. Universal Set
B. {8, 10, 12, 14, …}
B. Superset D. Empty or Null Set
C. {7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, …}
5. What is the cardinality of P = the set of English names for the months of the year?
D. {8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, …}
A. 4 B. 8 C. 12 D. 24

Were you able to answer all the questions?

6. Which of the following is NOT a subset to given set M = {1, 2}?
If not, don’t worry because the next activity will help you better understand the
A. { } B. {0} C. {1} D. {1, 2} lesson.

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 What’s In
My Learning Episodes Before we proceed to our lesson let me ask you these questions.
Unit 1: SETS Activity 1: Identify Me!
Module 1: Introduction to Sets Let’s Find Out: Identify the given below.
Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
What comes into your mind when you hear about the following words?
1. library
TOPIC Introduction to Sets 2. Kpop
CONTENT STANDARDS Demonstrates understanding of key concepts
3. social media
of sets and the real number system.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS is able to formulate challenging situations The above words are examples of a group.
involving sets and real numbers and solve b. Can you think of your examples of a group and its members? The first one has
these in a variety of strategies. been done for you. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.
MELC illustrates well-defined sets, subsets,
universal sets, null set, cardinality of sets,
union and intersection of sets and the
different of two sets Group’s Name Group’s Members
REFFERENCES DepEd Module Flowers Gumamela, Kalachuci, Rose,
TIME ALLOTMENT 4 HOURS Sampaguita
2.
3.

My Learning Essentials (Essential Topics) What is a Set?

Math concept Description Examples
Lesson 1- Introduction to Sets and Ways to Describe a Set Characteristic of a set collection or group of objects Well- defined:
it is well-defined A set of Philippine
Set is one of the most fundamental concepts in Mathematics. The set theory which Presidents
was developed in the 19th century is now a common part of Mathematics and can be well–defined means that it is A set of dishes
possible to determine whether an
used as a foundation from which nearly all Mathematical concepts can be derived.
object belongs to a given set or A set of counting numbers
not.
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 A set of odd numbers the order of listing the elements does
Method C = {5, 10, 15, …}
not matter.
D = {Oppo, Vivo, Samsung}
Not well-defined: Distinct elementmeans unique elements or
The set of all large
has no duplicate elements.
numbers.
The set of good writers.
The set of nice people in Three Ways to Describe a Set
your class.
Ways Description Examples
2. The Verbal Description  A method of describing a set 1. Set A is the set of counting numbers
Method in words. less than 5.
2. Set B is the set of letters in the word
“Philippines”
How to Write and Name a Set
3. Set C is the set of positive multiples of
A set is represented by a capital letter. Examples: 5.
Elements are usually represented by 4. Set D is the set of mobile phones.
A = {a, e, i, o, u }
small letters, numbers, words, or 3. The Set Builder  A method that lists the rules 1. A = { x lx is a counting number less
Notation or Rule Method that determine whether an than 5 }.
representations of the members of a
object is an element of the “read as “the set of all x’s such that x is a
given set. Set Brace set rather than the actual counting number less than 5”.
Braces are used to enclose the elements. The vertical bar ( ) after the first x is
Brace Commas translated as
elements.
“such that”.
Element
2. B= {x l x is a letter in the word
K = { red, blue, yellow } “Philippines”}
Commas are used to separate the 3. C= {x I x is a positive multiple of 5}
elements. R = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … } 4. D= {x I x is a mobile phone}

P = { +, - , ×, ÷ }

Three Ways to Describe a Set

Ways Description Examples
 Listing each element of the set inside
1.The Roster A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
the symbol { }.
Notation or Listing B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
 Each distinct element is listed once and
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 Kinds of Sets
Kinds of Sets Description Examples
1. Finite Sets  Sets with a defined number of elements. 1. A = {a, b, c, d, e }
 A defined number of elements means that it is
countable, or we can count the number of Elements are countable.
elements. The following are notations and symbols used in sets.
2. L = {0, 1, 2, 3}
Kinds of Sets Notations and Symbols
Kinds of Sets Description Examples Symbols Meaning Example How to Read
2. Infinite sets  Sets with an infinite number of elements. 1. V = {2, 4, 6, 8, …} ∈ Element If A = {5, 10, 15, 20} then 5∈A
 An infinite number of elements means that the  Element means 5 ∈ A, 10 ∈ A, 15 ∈ A, “5 is an element of
number of elements cannot be counted. There are more even that it belongs to a A”
 The ellipsis (…) is being added to indicate that
numbers that follows after 8 20 ∈ A.
given set or
like 10, 12, 14 and so on.
there are more elements of the same kind that member of a set.
follows after the last identified element in the
2. H = {x I x > 0} ∉ Not an element If A = {5, 10, 15, 20} then a∉A
set.
∉ A, and 7 ∉ A. “a is not
3. Joint Sets  Sets having at least one common element. 1. D = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
and an element of A”

E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 9} n(A) Cardinality of A A = {a, e, i, o, u}, n(A) = 5

“The cardinality
The common element of Set Set A contains 5
D and E is 9.  The number of
elements. of set A is 5.”
elements in the
2. A = {a, b, c, d, e} and
set n(A) = 5.
B = {a, e, i, o, u}
≈ Equivalent Sets A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, and A≈ B
B = {m, a, t, h}
 Two sets that  Both sets contain four  Set A is
contain the same elements. equivalent to
number set B.
of elements.
What Is It
= Equal Sets C = {a, e, i, o, u} and C=D
D = {e, o, i, u, a}
Page 5 of 10  Two sets that  Sets C and D contain  Set C is equal
contain the same the same elements. to set D.
elements.
 An empty set is a subset of all
sets.

Notations and Symbols

Symbols Meaning Example How To Read
A⊆B
Notations and Symbols ⊆ Subset 1.{ 9,14,28 } ⊆ { 9,14,28 }
 Every element in A is
Symbols Meaning Example How to Read A⊆B 2. If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8, …}
also an element in B.  A is a subset
Empty set or Null set M={ } Set M is an empty set or and B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }, then A
∅ or { } of B.
 A set with no null set. ⊆ B.
element
⊈ Not a Subset If A = { 2, 4, 6, 8 } and A⊈ B
U Universal Set U Universal Set
A⊈B  Set A does not B = { 1, 3, 5, 7 }, then  A is not
 The set of all
possible elements belong to
A ⊈ B. a subset
of any set. Set B.
of B.
⊂ Proper Subset A = {a, b, c} and A ⊂B
 There is at least B = {a, b, c, d},
A ⊂B one element in B
 Set A is a
not included proper subset
in A.
 Each element in A is also an to set B.
How to Solve for Subsets?
element in B.

Given M = {x, y }, write the complete list of subsets.  There is at least one element
in B not contained in A and
Note that Set M has two (2) elements. In symbol, n (M) = 2.
that element is “d”.
Zero at a time One at a time Two at a time ⊄ Not a Proper Subset C = {1, 2, 3 } and D = { 1, 2, 3} C ⊄D
Did you understand the topic “Notations and Symbols in Sets”? If not, go back to this topic
and read it again because you will need it in the next topic. If yes, then it’s time to move to
our next topic{ which
} { x } and Venn Diagram”.
is “How to Solve for Subsets {x, y}  All elements in D are also  Set C is not
C ⊄D  The elements in C elements in C. a proper
{y} subset
An empty set is a subset of all Every set is a subset of are equal to the to set B.
sets. itself.
elements
in D.

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The complete list of subsets are { }, { x } , { y } and { x, y }. There are four subsets of the given set M = (x, y }

Venn Diagram
Meaning Representation Explanation
The complete list of subsets are { }, { 1 }, { 2 }, { 3 }, { 1, 2 }, { 1, 3 } ,
 These are diagrams that make  All elements in A
{ 2, 3 } and { 1, 2, 3 }. There are eight subsets for the given set F = { 1, 2, 3 }. use of geometric shapes to show and B are contained
relationships in the universal set.
between sets.
How to Solve for Subsets?
 It is very useful in showing the
The subset of a given set can be solved using the formula 2 n, where n is the number of
elements in a given set. relationship between sets.

 Sets A and B are

Number of Elements Formula Number of Subsets
disjoint sets.
3 2n = 2 3 = 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2 8
4 2 n = 2 4= 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2 16
5 2n = 25= 2 ¿ 2 ¿ 2¿ 2¿ 2 32

How to Solve for Subsets?

Given F = {1, 2, 3}, write the complete list of subsets.
Note that Set F has three (3) elements. In symbol, n(F) = 3.
Zero at a time One at a time Two at a time Three at a time My Evaluation
{ } {1} {1, 2} {1, 2, 3} What’s More
{2} {1, 3}
{3} {2, 3}
An empty set is a subset of all
sets. Every set is a subset of Activity 1: Solve Me!
itself.
Let’s Find Out: Finite or Infinite, Set Notations and Symbols, Cardinality of

Sets and Subsets

Let’s Use These Materials: Mathematics notebook and ballpen

Let’s Do It This Way:

Page 7 of 10
 a. This exercise is divided into three parts. Answer what is asked. B. The set of happy people.
C. The set of prime numbers.
b. Write the answer in your Mathematics notebook.
D. The set of intelligent teachers.
2. Which of the following is a FINITE set?
I. State whether the given set is FINITE or INFINITE. The first one is done for you.
A. {3, 5, 7, …}
{2, 4, 6, 8, … 20} - FINITE
B. {… , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 }
1. {0}
C. Set of prime numbers.
2. {3, 5, 7, … }
D. Set of fractions between 1 and 12.
3. {x I x is a prime number}
3. Which of the following pairs of sets given below are equal?
4. Set of fractions between 1 and 2.
A. Y = {a, b, c}
5. {x I x is a whole number greater than 100}
Z = {7, 9, 10}
II. Supply the appropriate set notation and symbol to make the statement correct. Choose from the
B. T = {algebra, geometry, trigonometry}
given choices besides the given. The first one is done for you.
V = {geometry, trigonometry, algebra}
5 __ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Answer 5 ∈ { 1, 2, __
3, 4, 5}
C. W = {grapes, apples, oranges}
1. {o, n, e} __ {n, e, o} ∈ ¿ ≈
X = {grapes, peaches, apples, oranges}
2. {2, 4} __ {2, 4, 6} ∈ ⊆ ¿ D. R is the set of letters in the world bank.
3. red __ {pink, green, purple} ⊆ ¿ ∉ S is the set of letters in the word post.
4. {a, b, c, d} __ {a, b, c, d} ∉ ⊆ ⊂ 4. How will you write the given set below in the roster form?
5. {1, 2, 3} __ {a, e, i } ∈ ¿ ≈ P is the set of vowels used in the word “MONDAY”.
A. {o, a} C. {m, n, d, y}

Assessment B. {o, a, y} D. {m, o, n, d, a, y}

5. What is the cardinality of P = the set of English names for the days in a week?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8
Directions: Read and answer the questions carefully. Write the answer in
your Mathematics notebook.
1. Which of the following is a well – defined set?
6. How will you express the given set below in the verbal method?
A. The set of big people.
Page 8 of 10
 M = {January, June, July} C. The cardinality of set K is zero.
A. M is the set of months of the year. D. Set K contains all the elements under consideration.
B. M is the set of the first three months of the year. 11. What is the cardinality of A = { 5, 6, 3, 2, 3 }?
C. M is the set of months of the year that has a holiday. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
D. M is the set of months of the year that starts with letter J.
7. Which of the following pairs of sets given below are NOT equivalent? 12. If P = {p I p is a prime number less than 10 }, then what are the possible elements of P?
A. Y = {a, b, c} A. {2, 3, 5, 7} C. {2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
Z = {7, 9, 10} B. {1, 2, 3, 5, 7} D. {1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}
B. T = {algebra, geometry, trigonometry} 13. If M represents the set of even numbers, then which of the following is CORRECT?
V = {geometry, trigonometry, algebra} A. { } ⊆ M C. { 1, 3 } ⊆ M
C. W = {grapes, apples, oranges} B. 200 ∉ M D. {2, 4, 5 } ⊂ M
X = {grapes, peaches, apples, oranges} 14. What is an example of disjoint sets?
D. R is the set of letters in the word bank. A. E = {even numbers} and F = {odd numbers}
S is the set of letters in the word post. B. G = {multiples of five} and H = {multiples of ten}
8. If F = {1,3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 }, then which of the following is a subset of F? C. C = {even numbers} and D = {multiples of nine}
A. {0} C. {2, 3, 4, 5} D. A = {multiples of two} and B = {multiples of three}
B. {2, 4} D. {1, 9, 5, 13} 15. How many subsets does the set containing 10 elements have?
9. Which of the following statements below is CORRECT? A. 128 C. 512
A. Quadrilateral ⊆ Polygon B. 256 D. 1,024
B. Even Numbers ⊆ Odd Numbers
C. Whole Numbers ⊆ Natural Numbers
D. Natural Numbers ⊈ Whole Numbers
10. What does the given statement below mean?
K={}
A. Set K has one element.
B. Set K has infinite elements
FEEDBACK
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 (Teacher’s Feedback based from the result of the evaluation/assessment and if there’s a need for
reinforcement; schedule of reinforcement/face-to-face interaction)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________ ___
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