Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test 1. Aconclusion which is arrived at by inductive reasoning is called a A. counterexample BB. proof C._conjecture D. theorem Use the following information to answer the next question. Georgina is working with Pascal's Triangle. 1 ‘The fist first five rows are shown. She adds eae | together the numbers in each row of the el iangle and makes a conjecture. 1 4°56 ° 4 4 2, A conjecture which could be made from Georgina’s process is A. the sum of the numbers in row n is 2n B. _ the sum of the numbers in row n is 2"~! the sum of the numbers in row n is 2" D. the sum of the numbers in row nis n Use the following information to answer the next three questions. Mildred is working with a number sequence shown. 2,5,7,12, 19,31, 50, If the sequence continues in this pattern, then the next number will be___. TT os eons yoursivcin mmol sepmstox each wish) —_| 3. Mildred believes she sees a pattern in this sequence for determining which numbers will be prime. Seeing that there were three primes followed by one composite, then two primes followed by two composites, she makes a conjecture that the sequence will continue with one prime followed by three composites, before another prime number. ‘The number which provides a counterexample to this conjecture is A. 131 B. 212 C. 343 D. 398 Mildred also divides each number in the sequence by the previous number, As she moves down the list, he makes a conjecture that this quotient approaches a single number. To the nearest hundredth, the number the quotient approaches is. Geox yourmneritesumeicipeaetortonietwréy = [T] Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.98 Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test a 4. Consider the following statements: * Allclarinet players are musicians. + Fred is a clarinet player. ‘Which of the following is a conclusion which can be reached from the statements? A. Alllclarinet players are named Fred. B. All musicians are clarinet players. C. Fredis a musician, D. Fred is not a musician, 5. Consider the following scenario. Michael was given two statements: * Alleven numbers are composite, * 2 is an even number. He concluded from the statements that 2 must be a composite number. ‘What was the error in this scenario? A. — The original statement “All even numbers are composite” is untrue. B. The original statement “2 is an even number” is untrue. C. The conclusion should have been that all composite numbers have 2 as a factor, D. There is no error in the scenario. j Use the following information to answer the next question. Mario is attempting to prove that the difference between an even number and an odd number is always odd. His work is shown: Let 2n represent the even number; and ler 2™-4 represent the odd number. Line 2: (2n)- (2m - 4) Line3: © 2n-2m-4 Line 4: © 4, which is odd. Line 1: 6. Mario made his first error in A. line 1 B. line2 Cc. line3 D. line4 7. Which of the following expressions does not represent a number divisible by 3, where m,n N? AL 15m-n43 B. 3(m+n) /, C. 6(2m+3n) i D. 12m?-3n Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test 99. Which of the following would make an argument invalid? A. Not enough premises, B. Anerror in the reasoning. €. Too many premises. D. Noconclusion. Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Olivia showed her friend Alexander a fallacious proof for 2 Step |: Leta=b Step 6: 2a*-2a0= a" - ao Step2: Then at b=b+e, Step7: 2ala- 0) = a(a-e) Step3: a? +ab=ab+ ac Step 8: pivide both sides by (a - ¢) to get2a =a. Step 4: 207+ ab=a*+ab+ ac Step9: Divide both sides by a togeant Step 5: 207 =a? +00 ie The first error occurred in Step (Record your answer in the numerical response box from left to right) 9. — Which of the following is an error in logic in the proof? ‘A. a,b,and c cannot all be equal to each other at the same time. B. _ Dividing both sides by (a ~ c) results in division by 0. C. Dividing both sides by a results in division by 0. D. The expressions in Step 6 cannot be factored. Use the following information to answer the next question. Katelyn used inductive reasoning to make ae a conjecture from the information shown. and 422 Pad and 923 (4P=16 and 162-4 Peo and lel Her conjecture was that the square of a number is greater than or equal to the number. 10. Which of the following numbers represents a counterexample to her conjecture? AL ol B. 10 c 2 D. 3 Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.100 Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test a Use the following information to answer the next rwo questions. ‘Terrance notices a pattern F41=10 developing in the numbers shown. 2 41=26 P+il=s0 P+1=82 11. Which of the following is a conjecture Terrance could propose based on the pattern? ‘One more than the square of a prime number is an even number. B. One more than the square of a prime number is a multiple of 5. C. One more than the square of an odd number is an even number. ‘One more than the square of an odd number is a multiple of 5. ee Terrance wanted to prove the conjecture using deductive reasoning. A first step which could be used is “Let (2n ~ 1) represent the odd number and consider (2n = 1)%+1.” “Let p represent the prime number and consider p? + 1.” “Let 2n represent the odd number and consider (2n)? + 1.” “Let p represent the prime number and consider (p + 1)*.” ‘Terrance looks at the first three rows of the pattern and makes the conjecture that cone more than the square of a prime number is an even number. ‘The only counterexample that would disprove his conjecture is__. (Record your answer in the numerical response box from left to right.) Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement,Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test 101 13. Allof George and Ava’s sons have brown eyes and all of their daughters have blue eyes ‘They know from the ultrasound their new baby will be a boy. George and Ava conclvde their new son will have brown eyes. Which statement below is correct? A. The conclusion is true, since it is based on inductive reasoning. B. The conclusion may be false, since itis based on inductive reasoning, C. The conclusion is true, since it is based on deductive reasoning. D. The conclusion may be false, since it is based on deductive reasoning Use the following information to answer the next three questions. ‘Two friends, Amy and Sunny, are playing a variation on the game of Nim in which there| is one pile of pennies and players must remove one, two, or three pennies each tum, Player 1 is the player who takes the first turn. ‘The player who removes the last penny is the winner. 5. The smallest number of coins that Amy can leave Sunny to choose from and guarantee that Amy will win is, 5 (Record your answer in the numerical response box from left to right.) 14. The first game starts with 12 coins, and the second game starts with 18 coins. Amy starts both games. Which statement is correct? ‘A. Amy can guarantee she will win both games. B. Sunny can guarantee she will win both games. C. Amy can guarantee she will win the first game, and Sunny can guarantee she will win the second game. D. Sunny can guarantee she will win the first game, and Amy can guarantee she will win the second game. 15. Amy and Sunny change the rules so that the player who takes the last penny is the loser, while still taking 1, 2, or 3 pennies each tum. They play four new games: Game A with 4 pennies, Game B with 5 pennies, Game C with 8 pennies, and Game D with 10 pennies. Amy starts every game. Which of the games can Amy guarantee fo win? A. Game A only. B. Games A and C only, C. Games A,C, and D only. D. Games A,B,C, and D. Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications, This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.102 Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test —— ee ee Written Response - 5 marks grid of any size consisting of distinct “dots”. Players take turns connecting two of the dots in either a horizontal or vertical direction and a point is scored for each box (or square) completed by a player. Ifa player completes a box, they are obliged to make additional moves until they do not complete 4 box. ‘The game ends when all possible lines have been drawn, and the winner is the player with the most boxes. ‘The game of Dots and Boxes is played with two players on a + Two players, Betty and Clyde, are playing a game of Dots and Boxes and have arrived at the position shown where Betty has already earned two points. i) What is the smallest number of points a person needs to win the game? i i | ii) Itis Clyde’s turn. Explain how he can win the game from i this position. | * Explain why drawing the third line of a particular box would invite your opponent to score. * Betty and Clyde start a new game and reach the position shown. It is Betty’s turn. i i) How many boxes can Betty complete on her tun? Show | how this can be done on the diagram, Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test 103 if) The diagram shows Betty winning the two boxes and making the move shown by the thick line. Itis now Clyde’s turn. \rite the initial of the player who completed the box. (You ‘may want to use different colours for each person’s turn) Who wins the game? Complete the game for both players. In each of the boxes [*| Extra grids are provided for investigative purposes. fii) Betty realizes that she could have made a better move in ii) above. She makes the move shown, [=| Complete the game for both players. P| Who wins the game? Extra grids are provided for investigative purposes. Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.104 Mathematical Reasoning Lesson #5: Practice Test Answer Key Multiple Choice 1.C 02.B 00 3.D 4. S.A 6.c TK 8B 9.B 10D 11.C 12. 13.B 14.D 15. Numerical Response 1 T 1 are ia | of2] 3.[8 ae Pej?) Written Response “DS i) Clyde can complete either square at the top row of the grid to start a series of moves that will earn him, every open box left on the board. ‘+ When the third line is drawn around a box, your opponent should most likely complete the box, because it gives them a point. If they do not, you are able to score the point that they did not claim. 2 Ifeach player makes the best available move at each turn, Clyde will win the game. Ifeach player makes the best available move at each tum, Betty will win the game. Copyright © by Absolute Value Publications. This book is NOT covered by the Cancopy agreement.