Nutrition notes Unit 2 

 
Food contains ​nutrients​, which are chemical substances that give your body what it 
needs to grow and function properly. 

There are 6 types of nutrients: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

Carbohydrates 

A major source of _____________________________ 

These are found in fruit, vegetables, grains, and milk products 

Carbs are sugars and starches and are either simple or complexed 

○ ____________ carbohydrates: fruits and dairy products (occur 

naturally) 
○ ____________ carbohydrates: made from grain, such as bread, 
cereal, rice, and pasta (also found in beans and in some type of 
vegetables-potatoes, peas, corn) 

Dietary Fibers 

Tough complex carbohydrate that the body is unable to ___________ 

Found only in plant-based foods 

Rich sources of dietary fiber include: 

○ Fruits 
○ Most vegetables 
○ Whole grains 
○ Nuts  

Does not provide the body with energy, but does have important health benefits 

○ Lowers cholesterol 
○ ____________________ 
○ ____________________ 
○ Can prevent overeating 

Protein 

Protein is a nutrient the body uses to build and maintain all of its cells and tissue. 

Individuals who do not consume enough protein are at risk for a weakened immune 
system Risk for developing infection and diseases. 

Proteins role in the body 

● Builds muscles 
● __________________________________________ 
● Keeps _________________________________ healthy 
● Provides energy in the absence of carbs and fats 
● ____________________________________________ 
● Maintains proper balance of fluids, including insulin 
● Acts as hormones and enzymes to influence basic body processes 

Fats 

A type of nutrient largely made up of _________________ 

Valuable source of energy (important source of energy for muscles) 

Types of Fat 

________________​: found primarily in animal based foods (meat and dairy 

products) SOLID at room temperature 

________________:​ found in plant-based foods (vegetable oils, some peanut 

butters and margarines, nuts and seeds) LIQUID at room temperature 

Trans fat:​ found primarily in ______________ (packaged cookies, chips, 

doughnuts, and crackers) 

Fats Role in the Body 

● Supplies energy to the body when food is unavailable 

● _____________________________________________________ 
● Provide layer of insulation to help maintain your body temperature so you do 
not get too hot or too cold 

Vitamins 

● Substances that come from plants and animals hat are necessary for normal 
growth and development 
● Your body requires 13 different vitamins 

Water-Soluble Vitamins(dissolve in water): Vitamin B (all of them), Vitamin C 

Fat-Soluble Vitamins(dissolved in the bodies fat): Vitamin A, D, E, K 

Minerals 

● __________________________ that are found in soil and water 

● Can absorb minerals from the plants you eat, the water you drink, or from 
the animal food sources that have absorbed the minerals 
● Two very important minerals are ___________________________ 

 
 Water 

● Water is necessary for the body to work properly and be healthy 

● People can live for several weeks, and even months, without taking in any 
other type of nutrients. They can only survive a few days without water 
● Your body loses water everyday through urination, sweat, and even exhaling 
breath 
● By taking in water it prevents dehydration. Dehydration: 
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ 

You should be drinking ______________cups/day