p.

9 question to ponder

Answer:

They help us to grow or develop new technologies and are used in our regular daily existences. Our uses
of rocks and minerals includes as building material, beauty care products, vehicles, streets, and
apparatuses. Rocks and minerals are significant for finding out about earth materials, structure, and
systems. Also Mineral resources are among the most significant natural resources that dictate the
Industrial and economic development of a nation since they provide raw materials to the primary,
secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy.
p. 10 real life application
Rock #1
Answer:

Gabbro is an igneous rock. It is a mafic intrusive igneous shaped from the moderate cooling of
magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass far below the Earth's surface. it is
frequently found along mid-sea edges or in ancient mountains made out of compressed and uplifted
oceanic crust. Gabbro is a, coarse-grained rock with allotriomorphic surface. Gabbros contain mostly
ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase, the measure of ferromagnesian minerals rising to or
surpassing that of the plagioclase. Gabbro is additionally used to make various unpleasant cut items, for
example, curbing, ashlars, paving stones, and different items. The most well-known utilization of gabbro
is as a crushed stone or aggregate.

Rock #2
Answer:

Schist is a metamorphic rock. It is formed by the metamorphosis mudstone or shale, or a few sorts of
igneous rock; it has been exposed to higher temperatures and weights. These bigger precious stones
reflect light with the goal that schist regularly has a high gloss, it is shiny. It has been exposed to higher
temperatures and pressures. Schist has medium to huge, flat, sheet-like grains in a favoured direction. It
is characterized by having over half platy and extended minerals, often finely interleaved with quartz
and feldspar. It is used in building houses or walls. It has been recently used to make decorative rock
walls. Presently, It is used as an decorative stone just as for jewelleries’. And In Australia, houses that
were assembled using schist during the 1800s are as yet standing today.

Rock #3
Answer:

Siltstone is a sedimentary rock it forms where water, wind, or ice deposit silt, and the silt is then
compacted and solidified into a rock. It speaks to a level of current, wave, or wind energy between
where sand and mud gather. Siltstone is stored in a similar environment to shale; however it frequently
happens nearer to the shoreline of an ancient delta, lake or ocean, where calmer currents cause less
suspension of particles. Siltstones generally are red and grey colour with flat bedding planes. It is once in
a while digging for use as a construction material or manufacturing feedstock. The pore spaces of
siltstone serve as a good aquifer. It is seldom porous enough or broad enough to fill in as an oil or gas
repository. Its primary use is as an low quality fill when better materials are not locally accessible.
p. 12 summative test
1. Igneous — they regularly have huge precious stones and you can see them with the naked eye.
Metamorphic — they are formed through the change or transformation of igneous and
sedimentary rocks. They can form both underground and at the surface. Sedimentary — they
are shaped through the solidification of sediment. They can be form from organic remains, like
limestone, or from the establishing of different rocks.

2. Igneous rock forms when magma cools and makes crystals. Magma is a hot liquid made of
melted minerals. The minerals can form crystals when they cool. Igneous rock can form
underground, where the magma cools slowly. Or, igneous rock can form above ground, where
the magma cools quickly. On Earth's surface, wind and water can break rock into pieces. They
can also carry rock pieces to another place. Usually, the rock pieces, called sediments, drop from
the wind or water to make a layer. The layer can be buried under other layers of sediments.
After a long time the sediments can be cemented together to make sedimentary rock. In this
way, igneous rock can become sedimentary rock. All rock can be heated. But where does the
heat come from? Inside Earth there is heat from pressure (push your hands together very hard
and feel the heat). There is heat from friction (rub your hands together and feel the heat). There
is also heat from radioactive decay (the process that gives us nuclear power plants that make
electricity). So, what does the heat do to the rock? It bakes the rock. Baked rock does not melt,
but it does change. It forms crystals. If it has crystals already, it forms larger crystals. Because
this rock changes, it is called metamorphic. Remember that a caterpillar changes to become a
butterfly. That change is called metamorphosis. Metamorphosis can occur in rock when they are
heated to 300 to 700 degrees Celsius. When Earth's tectonic plates move around, they produce
heat. When they collide, they build mountains and metamorphose (met-ah-MORE-foes) the
rock. The rock cycle continues.

3. They share for all intents and purpose "change in structure", despite the fact that the cycle of
progress change. In butterflies, the cycle of transformation or metamorphosis is biological. In
rocks, the cycle is due to weathering or chemical change. Also, the change is the transformation
of a current existing rock types not into another one.
4. No. because some igneous rocks are eroded and turned to sedimentary rocks. Some
sedimentary layers have ended up on the mainland plates or continental plates. These
sedimentary layers have stayed sedimentary layers without experiencing the rock cycle. Most
sedimentary layers are pushed under the crust where they go through warmth and pressure and
are changed into metamorphic before being dissolved and turned into igneous rocks. This is a
finished rocks cycle, yet not all stones go however this cycle.

5. Minerals are basic and essential raw materials in our daily lives, and are vital for economic,
social and technological development. The examples below illustrate their use in everyday life.
For example in Agriculture. Phosphate rock, potash and lime are used in agricultural fertilisers
and other mineral products are used to improve soil. In construction, Minerals are used in
building houses, schools, libraries, hospitals, offices and shops. And they help us to grow or
develop new technologies and are used in our regular daily existences. Our uses of rocks and
minerals includes as building material, beauty care products, vehicles, streets, and apparatuses.
Rocks and minerals are significant for finding out about earth materials, structure, and systems.
Also Mineral resources are among the most significant natural resources that dictate the
Industrial and economic development of a nation since they provide raw materials to the
primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy. And the important features for
developing and sustain the world’s non-renewable mineral resources are Abstract,
Sustainability, environmental sustainability, and sustainable development, Maintaining our
stock of identified mineral resources through public and private research