Lesson Template for NSS Learning

Name: MRS. RENALYN R. ABELLA

Subject: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Topic: FUNCTIONS
Duration: 1.5 hours
Level: (/) Beginner,() Intermediate, () Advanced

Functions as representations of real-life situations

Learning Competencies:

1. Represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.

LET’S LEARN: INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTION

Key points:
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second
set of values (called the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs ( 𝑥, 𝑦).
A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in
the range by some rule.
A function is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y-values. Using functional notation, we can write (𝑥) = 𝑦, read as “𝑓
𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑦. ” In particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the function
f, then we say that (2) = 1.

Here is a video to introduce functions:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tAoe4xjUZQk

Here is the Powerpoint Presentation to introduce the examples of functions:

(insert: teacher-made PPT)

Important Concepts.
Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the second from
the set of outputs.
Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from the
set of inputs.
The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.

Example:
Identify the domain for each relation using set builder notation.
a. 𝑦=3𝑥−2
b. 𝑦=3𝑥2−4𝑥
c. 𝑥2+𝑦2=1
d. 𝑦=√𝑥−4
e. 𝑦=2𝑥+1𝑥−1
f. 𝑦=⌊𝑥⌋+1 where is the greatest integer function.

Solution. The domains for the relations are as follows:

a. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹} d. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹,≥𝟒}
b. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹} e. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹,≠𝟏}
c. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹,−𝟏≤𝒙≤𝟏} f. {𝒙:𝒙∈𝑹}

DRILLS 1.A. TRUE OR FALSE.

Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.
1. A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second
set of values (called the range).
2. A relation is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦).
3. A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in
the range by some rule.
4. Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the second from the
set of outputs.
5. Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from the
set of inputs.
6. The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.

LET’S LEARN B: Functions as representations of real-life situations

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate functional
model will lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

Example 1.

Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x

meals, if one meal costs P40.
Solution: Since each meal costs P40, then the cost function is C ( x )=40 x .

Example 2.
One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area
next to a river (see figure). Give a function A that can represent the area
that can be enclosed, in terms of x .

Solution.
The area of the rectangular enclosure is 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦. We will write this as a
function of 𝑥. Since only 100 m of fencing is available, then 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 100 or
𝑦 = 100−𝑥2= 50 – 0.5𝑥. Thus, 𝐴= (50 – 0.5𝑥) = 50𝑥 – 0.5𝑥2.

More examples can be found on this video using the link given below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeYUd5SFJys
Piecewise Functions.
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the
value of the independent variable.

Example 8.
A user is charged 𝑃300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged P1 each. Represent the monthly
cost for text messaging using the function (𝑚), where m is the number of messages sent
in a month.

Solution. The cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function
(𝑚)={300 ,𝑖𝑓 0<𝑚≤100300+𝑚 ,𝑖𝑓 𝑚>100

Watch the following videos using the link given below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwN1pF9PZSs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9NBMFqINFE

DRILLS 1.B
MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1. A truck loads 40 boxes of apples per delivery at a cost of x pesos each. They sell it
for 6x + 1 pesos each. Suppose all the boxes of apples were sold, express the profit,
P(x), of selling boxes of apples per delivery as a function of x.
a. P ( x ) =200 x+ 40
b. P ( x ) =100 x + 40
c. P ( x ) =200 x+50
d. P ( x ) =100 x +50
Lesson Template for NSS Learning
Name: MRS. REANLYN R. ABELLA
Subject: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Topic: FUNCTION
Duration: 1 hour
Level: (/) Beginner,() Intermediate, () Advanced

FUNCTION

Learning Competency:
1. Evaluates a function.

LET’S LEARN: Function

PRE-REQUISITE SKILLS:
You need a good grasp of GEMDAS. GEMDAS is an acronym for the words Grouping symbols,
Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction. When asked to simplify two or more
operations in one algebraic/numerical expression, the order of the letters in GEMDAS indicates
what to calculate first, second, third and so on, until a simplified expression is achieved.

Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x, with a
value from the function's domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are
evaluating 𝑓 at a for some 𝑎 in the domain of f, we write (𝑎).

What’s More!!!

Example 1. Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥 = 1.5:

a. (𝑥)=3𝑥−2
b. (𝑥)=3𝑥2−4𝑥
c. ℎ(𝑥)=√ x+ 4
d. (𝑥)=2𝑥+1𝑥−1
e. (𝑥)=⌊𝑥⌋+1 where is the greatest integer function

Solution:
a. 𝑦=3𝑥−2=3(1.5)−2=4.5−2=2.5
b. 𝑦=3 x 2−4𝑥=3(1.5)2−4(1.5)=3(2.25)−6=6.75−6=0.75
c. 𝑦=√ x+ 4 =√ 1.5+4 =√ 5.5=2.34
2 x +1 2(1.5)+1 3+1 4
d. 𝑦= = = = =8
x−1 1.5−1 0.5 0.5
e. 𝑦=⌊𝑥⌋+1 = ⌊1.5⌋+1=1+1=2

Example 2. Evaluate the following functions, where f and q are defined in.
a) (2𝑥+1) b) (4𝑥−3)
Solution:

a. (2𝑥+1)=3(2𝑥+1)−2=6𝑥+3−2=𝟔𝒙+𝟏

b. (4𝑥−3)=3(4 x−3)2 −4(4𝑥−3)

=3(16 x ¿¿ 2−24 x + 9)−16 x+12 ¿
 =48 x 2−72 x+ 27−16 x +12
=48 x 2−88 x +39

Example 3
Evaluate (𝑎+𝑏) where (𝑥)=4 x2 −3𝑥 .
Solution.
(𝑎+𝑏)=4 (a+ b)2 −3(𝑎+𝑏)
¿ 4 (a ¿ ¿ 2+ 2ab+ b2 )−3 a−3 b ¿
¿ 4 a2−3 a+ 8 ab−3 b+4 b2

DRILL1. A : Check it out !!! (FILL IN THE GAP).

a) Evaluate the following functions at 𝑥=−3
1. (𝑥)= x 3−64
2. (𝑥)= x 3−3 x 2+3 x−1
3. (𝑥)= √ 3−2 x
4. (𝑥)= 3 x+ x2 +7 x +10

ANSWERS:
1. 91
2. -64
3. 3
4. -11
Lesson Template for NSS Learning
Name: MRS. RENALYN R. ABELLA
Subject: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Topic: FUNCTIONS
Duration: 1.5 hours
Level: (/) Beginner,() Intermediate, () Advanced

OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS AND COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

Learning Competency:
1. Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions

LET’S LEARN: Operation on Function

Pre-requisite skills: Basic knowledge of algebra is required such as simplifying expressions,
factoring and the like.
Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-pemdas-definition-rule-examples.html

Definition.
Let f ∧g be functions.
1. Their sum, denoted by f +g , is the function denoted by
( f + g )( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x)
2. Their difference, denoted by f −g , is the function denoted by
( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g(x )
3. Their product, denoted by f ∙ g , is the function denoted by
( f ∙ g ) ( x ) =f ( x ) ∙ g(x)
f
4. Their quotient denoted by , is the function denoted by
g

( fg ) ( x )= gf ((x)x) , excluding the values of x where g ( x )=0.

EXAMPLE:
Use the following functions.
𝒇(𝒙)=𝒙+𝟑
𝒑(𝒙)=𝟐𝒙−𝟕
𝒗(𝒙)=𝒙𝟐+𝟓𝒙+𝟒
𝒈(𝒙)=𝒙𝟐+𝟐𝒙−𝟖
𝒉(𝒙)=𝒙+𝟕𝟐−𝒙
𝒕(𝒙)=𝒙+𝟐𝒙+𝟑

Example . Determine the following functions.

a) (𝑣+𝑔)(𝑥)
b) (𝑓 ● 𝑝)(𝑥)
c) (𝑓+ℎ)(𝑥)
d) (𝑝−𝑓)(𝑥)
 e) ( vg )( x )
SOLUTION:
a. ( v+ g )( x )=( x 2 +5 x+ 4 )+ ( x 2+2 x−8 )
¿ x 2+5 x +4 + x 2+ 2 x−8
¿ 2 x2 +7 x−4
b. ( f ∙ p ) ( x ) =( x+3 )( 2 x−7 )=2 x 2−x−21
x +7
c. f +h ¿ ( x ) =( x+3 )+
2− x
( x +3)(2−x) x+7 ( x +3 ) ( 2−x ) + x+ 7
¿ + =
2−x 2−x 2−x
2 2 2
6−x−x + x +7 13−x x −13
¿ = =
2−x 2−x x−2
d. ( p−f ) ( x )=( 2 x−7 )−( x +3 )=2 x−7−x−3=x−10
v ( ) x 2 +5 x+ 4 (x +1)(x+ 4) x +1
e. ()
g
x= 2 =
x +2 x−8 ( x−2)(x +4) x−2
=

Applying operations on functions may be quite confusing but as soon as you fully learn
the concept, you can derive strategies to simplify functions easily.

For further understanding on this lesson, watch the video using the link given below,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIbAiPUrtvQ

DRILL 2.A
MATCHING TYPE:
Use these functions in answering the following.
(𝒙)=𝒙+2
𝒑(𝒙)=𝒙−𝟕
𝒗(𝒙)=𝟓𝒙+𝟒
(𝒙)=𝒙𝟐+3𝒙−10
COLUMN A
Determine the following functions.
1. (𝑣+𝑔)(𝑥)
2. (𝑓 ● g)(𝑥)
3. (𝑓+p)(𝑥)
4. (𝑝−v)(𝑥)
COLUMN B
a. x 2+ 8 x−6
b. x 3+ 5 x 2−4 x−20
c. 2 x−5
d. −4 x−11

LET’S LEARN FURTHER: COMPOSITE FUNCTION

Definition.
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions.
The composite function denoted by 𝑓○𝑔 is defined by
𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).
The process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition.

Definition.
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions.
The composite function denoted by 𝑓○𝑔 is defined by 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).
The process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition.

For examples 7, use the following functions:

2 x +1
f ( x )=2 x +1 g ( x )=√ x+ 1 p ( x )=
x−1
Example 7: Find and simplify g ○ f (x)
Solution: g ○ f ( x )=g ( 2 x+1 ) =√ 2 x +1+1=√ 2 x+2

Here is the video if you want more explanation about the topic using the link given
below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5934UqzXvKA

DRILL 2.B
FILL IN THE GAP.
1. The composite function denoted by 𝑓○𝑔 is defined by 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).
2. The process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition.
Lesson Template for NSS Learning
Name: MRS. RENALYN R. ABELLA
Subject: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Topic: FUNCTIONS
Duration: 2 hours
Level: (/) Beginner,() Intermediate, () Advanced

PROBLEMS INVOLVING FUNCTIONS

Learning Competency:
1. Solve problems involving functions.

LET’S LEARN: Problems involving functions

Example 1
Suppose that (𝑥) = 𝑥 denotes the number of shirts sold by a shop, and the selling
price per shirt is given by (𝒙) = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 – 𝟓𝒙, for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 20. Find (𝑁 ● 𝑝)(𝑥) and describe
what it represents.

Solution:
(𝑁 ● 𝑝)(𝑥)=(𝑥)●𝑝(𝑥)=𝑥 (𝟐𝟓𝟎 – 𝟓𝒙)=250 x−5 x 2, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 20. Since this function is
the product of the quantity sold and the selling price, then (𝑁 ● 𝑝)(𝑥) represents the
revenue earned by the company.

Example 2
A spherical balloon is being inflated. Let (𝑡) = 3𝑡 cm represent its radius at time 𝑡
4 3
seconds, and let (𝑟) = π r be the volume of the same balloon if its radius is 𝑟. Write (𝑔
3
○ 𝑟) in terms of 𝑡, and describe what it represents.

Solution:
4 4
( g ○r )=g ( r ( t ) )= πr (3 t)3= π ( 27 t 3 ) =36 π t 3 . This function represents the volume
3 3
of the balloon at a time t seconds.

ASSESSMENT
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Given f ( x )=2 x−5∧g ( x )=3 x + 4 , solve for g° f ( x ) .
a. 11−6 x
b. 6 x 2−7 x−20
c. 6 x−11
d. 6 x 2−23 x−20
2. Given y=3 x +7 , what is f (−2 ) ?
a. 1
b. -1
c. -13
d. 13
3. The composite function denoted by f ° g is defined by.
a. 𝑓 ○ (𝑥) = ((𝑥)) c. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)●𝑔(𝑥)
b. 𝑓 ○ (𝑥) = ((𝑥)) d. 𝑓 ○ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)●𝑓(𝑥)
4. It is a set of ordered pairs (𝑥, 𝑦) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value
but different y-values?
a. relation c. domain
b. function d. range
5. Given (𝑥)=2𝑥−5 & 𝑔(𝑥)=3𝑥+4, solve for 𝑓●𝑔(𝑥)
a. 6 x 2+23𝑥−20 c. 6 x 2−20
2
b.6 x −23𝑥−20 d. 6 x 2−7𝑥−20
6. If (𝑥)=𝑥+7 & 𝑔(𝑥)=2𝑥−3, what is 𝑓−𝑔(𝑥)
a. −𝑥+4 c. 𝑥−4
b. 10−𝑥 d. 10+3𝑥
7. The ___ of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.
a. domain c. equation
b. range d. function
8. Which of the following set of ordered pairs in NOT a function?
a. (1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5) c. (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4)
b. (1,2),(1,3),(3,6),(4,8 d. (3, 2), (4, 2), (5, 2), (6, 2)
9. The composite function denoted by 𝑓○𝑔 is defined by ___________.
a. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑔(𝑥) c. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑔(𝑓(𝑥))
b. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) d. 𝑓○𝑔 (𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)
10. Given (𝑥)=4𝑥2−3𝑥, what is 𝑓(−2)?
a. −22 c. 22
b. −10 d. 10