Reaction Stoichiometry

Chp. 4.2

2A + C → 3B + D

Show the steps involved in the conversion of g A to g B.

 Reaction Stoichiometry
Chp. 4.2

The reaction between potassium chlorate and red phosphorous (P4)

takes place when a match strikes a match box. The products of this
reaction are potassium chloride and tetraphosphorous decaoxide.

Write and balance the equation for this reaction.

If 4.5 moles of potassium chlorate are reacted, how many moles of

tetraphosphorous decaoxide are formed?
A) 15
B) 1.35
C) 13.5
D) 0.45
NO2(g) + hv → NO(g) + O⋅(g)
O⋅(g) + O2(g) → O3(g)

NO(g) + O3(g) → NO2(g) + O2(g)

 Mass Relationships
Chp. 4.2

The reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen (O⋅) to form nitrogen
dioxide is a key step in photochemical smog formation. How many
grams of nitrogen dioxide are formed when 1.44 g of NO is reacted?

NO(g) + O⋅ (g) → NO2(g)

 Mass Relationships
Chp. 3.2-3.3

Alkali metals produce hydrogen gas when reacting with water.

2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

What is the net ionic equation for the reaction written above?
 Mass Relationships
Chp. 4.2

Alkali metals produce hydrogen gas when reacting with water.

2Li(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2LiOH(aq) + H2(g)

How many grams of hydrogen will be formed when 80.57 g of Li

reacts completely with water?

AW Li = 6.941 g/mol AW H = 1.008 g/mol AW O = 15.999 g/mol

A) 23.21 g
B) 11.60 g
C) 279.62 g
D) 46.43 g
E) 559.24 g
 Mass Relationships
Chp. 4.2

Alka-Seltzer uses the reaction of sodium bicarbonate with citric acid in

aqueous solution to produce a fizz.

NaHCO3(aq) + C6H8O7(aq) →
CO2(g) + H2O(l) + Na3C6H5O7(aq)
Balance this equation. What mass of C6H8O7 should be used for every
1.0 x 102 mg NaHCO3. (AW Na = 22.99 g/mol)

A) 76 g
B) 0.23 g
C) 0.076 g
D) 3.96 x 10-4 g
E) 6.4 g

What is the net ionic equation for the reaction written above?
 Dehydration of Sucrose
Demo

When sucrose, C12H22O11, is dehydrated pure carbon forms. Write a

balanced reaction for the dehydration of sucrose and calculate the
mass of carbon formed if 80 g of sucrose is dehydrated.

A) 2.80 g
B) 6.66 g
C) 33.68 g
D) 0.23 g
E) 2.57 g
acid

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqDHwd9rG0s
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

1 + 2 + 1

Which type of block is limiting the number of product towers that can
be made?
A) yellow (large block) B) blue (medium block) C) orange (small block)
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3
Limiting Reagent – reactant that is the first to be
completely consumed in a reaction.

Excess Reagent – any reactant that remains once the limiting

reagent has been completely consumed.

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

In the example depicted below, 10 molecules of hydrogen react with 7

molecules of oxygen to form 10 molecules of water? What is the
limiting reagent in this example?
a) hydrogen b) oxygen c) water d) none are limiting

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 3.2-3.3

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)

What is the net ionic equation

for the reaction written above?

1 2 3

0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg

0.062 mol HCl 0.124 mol HCl 0.186 mol HCl
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

1.5 g of magnesium is reacted with 30 mL (Flask 1), 62.5 mL

(Flask 2) and 90 mL (Flask 3) of 2.0 M HCl.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)

What is the limiting reagent in

Reaction 1?
1 2 3
A) Mg

B) HCl

C) Neither reactant is limiting

0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg
0.062 mol HCl 0.124 mol HCl 0.186 mol HCl
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

1.5 g of magnesium is reacted with 30 mL (Flask 1), 62.5 mL

(Flask 2) and 90 mL (Flask 3) of 2.0 M HCl.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)

What is the limiting reagent in

Reaction 2?
1 2 3
A) Mg

B) HCl

C) Neither reactant is limiting

0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg
0.062 mol HCl 0.124 mol HCl 0.186 mol HCl
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

1.5 g of magnesium is reacted with 30 mL (Flask 1), 62.5 mL

(Flask 2) and 90 mL (Flask 3) of 2.0 M HCl.
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)

What is the limiting reagent in

Reaction 3?
1 2 3
A) Mg

B) HCl

C) Neither reactant is limiting

0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg 0.062 mol Mg
0.062 mol HCl 0.124 mol HCl 0.186 mol HCl
 Limiting Reagent Reaction Stoichiometry
Chp. 4.3

2A + C → 3B + D

Grams A Grams C Grams B

Moles A Moles C

Moles Limiting Reactant Moles B

 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

How many grams of urea, (NH2)2CO, are formed when 637.2 g of

NH3 are reacted with 1142 g of CO2? How much of the excess
reactant remains?
2NH3(g) + CO2(g) → (NH2)2CO(aq) +H2O(l)

1. Determine the limiting reagent by comparing moles NH3 to moles

CO2.

2. Use the grams (or moles) of the limiting reagent to determine the grams
of urea formed.

3. Use the grams (or moles) of the limiting reagent to determine the grams
of excess reagent reacted.

4. Subtract the grams of excess reagent reacted from the initial grams of
excess reagent.
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

What is the limiting reagent when 637.2 g of NH3 are allowed to

react with 1142 g of CO2 to form urea as a product?

2NH3(g) + CO2(g) → (NH2)2CO(aq) +H2O(l)

Determine the limiting reagent by comparing moles NH3 to moles CO2.

 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

2NH3(g) + CO2(g) → (NH2)2CO(aq) +H2O(l)

How many grams of (NH2)2CO are formed?

Use the grams (or moles) of the limiting reagent to determine the
grams of urea formed.
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

2NH3(g) + CO2(g) → (NH2)2CO(aq) +H2O(l)

How many grams of the excess reagent remains?

Use the grams (or moles) of the limiting reagent to determine the grams
of excess reagent reacted.

Subtract the grams of excess reagent reacted from the initial grams of
excess reagent.
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

The reaction between aluminum and iron (III) oxide can generate
temperatures approaching 3000oC and is often used in welding
metals.
2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s)
AW Al = 26.982 g/mol; FW Al2O3 = 101.961 g/mol; FW Fe2O3 = 159.688 g/mol

1. What is the limiting reagent when 601 g of iron (III) oxide is reacted with
124 g of aluminum?

2. How much aluminum oxide is formed when 601 g of iron (III) oxide is
reacted with 124 g of aluminum?

3. How much of the excess reagent is left?

 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

The reaction between aluminum and iron (III) oxide can generate
temperatures approaching 3000oC and is often used in welding
metals.
2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s)
AW Al = 26.982 g/mol; FW Al2O3 = 101.961 g/mol; FW Fe2O3 = 159.688 g/mol

1. What is the limiting reagent when 601 g of iron (III) oxide is

reacted with 124 g of aluminum?

A) Al
B) Fe2O3
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

The reaction between aluminum and iron (III) oxide can generate
temperatures approaching 3000oC and is often used in welding
metals.
2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s)
AW Al = 26.982 g/mol; FW Al2O3 = 101.961 g/mol; FW Fe2O3 = 159.688
g/mol

2. How much aluminum oxide is formed when 601 g of iron (III)

oxide is reacted with 124 g of aluminum?

a) 468 g
b) 384 g
c) 1140 g
d) 234 g
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

The reaction between aluminum and iron (III) oxide can generate
temperatures approaching 3000 oC and is often used in welding
metals.
2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(s)
AW Al = 26.982 g/mol; FW Al2O3 = 101.961 g/mol; FW Fe2O3 = 159.688 g/mol

3. How much of the excess reagent is left when 601 g of iron (III)
oxide is reacted with 124 g of aluminum?

a) 477 g
b) 367 g
c) 132 g
d) 234 g
 Limiting Reagents
Chp. 4.3

Equal masses (in grams) of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas are
reacted to form water. Which substance is limiting?

2H2 (g) + O2(g) → 2H2O (l)

a. Oxygen gas is limiting.

b. Hydrogen gas is limiting.
c. Water is limiting.
d. Nothing is limiting.
e. More information is needed to answer this question.
 Percent Yield
Chp. 4.4

What is the theoretical yield when you pop 100 kernels of

popcorn?

What is the actual yield in the example above?

What percentage of the kernels popped?

 Percent Yield
Chp. 4.4

Theoretical Yield – maximum calculated obtainable yield.

Actual Yield – the amount of product obtained from a reaction.

Actual Yield
Percent Yield = x 100
Theoretical Yield

How is the Percent yield for chemical reaction calculated?

Percent Yield = x 100

 Percent Yield
Chp. 4.4

TiCl4(g) + 2Mg(l) → Ti(s) + 2MgCl2(l) (900 -1100 oC)

If 3.54 x 107 g of TiCl4 are reacted with 1.13 x 107 g of Mg, 8.93 x 106 g
of Ti should theoretically be formed. What is the percent yield if 7.91 x
106 g of Ti are formed?
 Percent Yield
Chp. 4.4

Vanadium can be produced by reacting vanadium (V) oxide with

calcium at high temperatures.
5Ca(s) + V2O5(s) → 5CaO(s) + 2V(s)
What is the percent yield of this reaction if 803 g of vanadium are
produced when 1.54 x 103 g of V2O5 react with 1.96 x 103 g of Ca?

AW Ca = 40.078 g/mol; FW V2O5 = 181.880 g/mol; AW V = 50.941 g/mol

a) 93 % b) 81 % c) 54 % d) 32 %
 Percent Yield
Chp. 4.4

5Ca(s) + V2O5(s) → 5CaO(s) + 2V(s)

What is the percent yield of this reaction if 803 g of vanadium are
produced when 1.54 x 103 g of V2O5 react with 1.96 x 103 g of Ca?

AW Ca = 40.078 g/mol; FW V2O5 = 181.880 g/mol; AW V = 50.941 g/mol

 Percent Yield
Chp. 4.4

5Ca(s) + V2O5(s) → 5CaO(s) + 2V(s)

What is the percent yield of this reaction if 803 g of vanadium are
produced when 1.54 x 103 g of V2O5 react with 1.96 x 103 g of Ca?

AW Ca = 40.078 g/mol; FW V2O5 = 181.880 g/mol; AW V = 50.941 g/mol

Solution Stoichiometry
Chp. 4.5

2A → 3B
 Solution Stoichiometry
Chp. 4.5

How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of

0.100 M HNO3? (FW Ca(OH)2 = 74 g/mol)
Ca(OH)2(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
 Solution Stochiometry
Chp. 4.5

How many milliliters of 0.610 M NaOH solution are needed to

neutralize 20.0 mL of a 0.245 M H2SO4 solution?

2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Na2SO4(aq)

a) 8.05 mL b) 49.8 mL c) 99.6 mL d) 16.1 mL

 Solution Stoichiometry
Chp. 4.5

How many grams of AgI are formed when 6 mL of 0.15 M AgNO3 is

reacted with 20 mL of 0.20 M KI? (FW AgI = 234.77 g/mol)
 Solution Stoichiometry
Chp. 4.5

How many grams of precipitate are formed when 15 mL of 0.01 M

calcium chloride are reacted with 25 mL of 0.005 M ammonium
sulfate?

a) 0.020 g b) 0.017 g c) 0.010 g d) 0.034 g

 Solution Stoichiometry
Chp. 4.5

Consider the reaction between 15.0 mL of a 1.00 M aqueous

solution of AgNO3 and 10.0 mL of a 1.00 M aqueous solution
of K2CrO4. When these react, a precipitate is observed. What
is present in solution after the reaction is complete? Note: the
solid is not considered to be in solution.

a. Ag+, NO3–, K+, CrO42–, water

b. Ag+, NO3–, K+, water
c. K+, CrO42–, water
d. NO3–, K+, CrO42–, water
e. water