Thesis PDF

Transform Based Speech Enhancement Techniques
Soon Ing Yann
School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering
A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University

in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
2003
Statement of Originality
I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of original
research and has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for a
higher degree.
Date Soon Ing Yann

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BP 8sRZ$t Y$R }B}k $R Y tB8sj$9I AsR$R R${$Bt B IhtI sR PBjjBbRU

)
] d 1
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OE ] d 1 , E ) (, 333, ] d wndD
>)( >
bY >1 YsR At sstI $t IR{tI$t BI 3$Z nd RYBbR ss$t Ys Y }T
n1
PB8st{ BP Y *]q $R $tI$R$tZ$RYsAj PB8 Ys BP Y Nq stI ABY s Iht$jk
RZ}$B B Y *3q
qsAj ndU zs$st{R BP stRPB8 {B^{$tR BP s Rs$Btsk s,B% RJZt{ b$Y

' ) (3x stI ] ) dE
qstRPB8
, Nq *]q *3q
( d1;;1 d1;(E d1;(E
d d;E d;n dd((
1 (Edx (E;M (11
n (11 (1x (dn
; (dd (d; ((ME
x (dd; (dd; ((E1
E ((M1 ((Mn ((xd
((En ((En ((;x
M ((xd ((xd ((;n
((;n ((;n ((;x
d( ((n ((n ((xd
dd ((nn ((nn ((E1
d1 ((n( ((n( ((ME
dn ((1M ((1M (dn
d; ((1 ((1 (11
dx ((1E ((1E dd((
VtBY R$8}j -}$8t ZR$t s{Zsj R}{Y R$tsj {st A I%$RI B $jjZRs
Y RZ}$B tk {B8}s{$Bt BP Y *]q %RZR *3q V {jst R}{Y $R hR I$%$II
$tB Ps8R b$Y x(0 B%js} stI Y stRPB8 $R }PB8I qY stRPB8I {BPT
h{$tR s Yt RBI s{{BI$t B Y$ 8st$ZIR stI Y t {B^{$tR b$Y Y
jBbR tk s R B 9B qY R}{Y $R Yt {BtRZ{I ZR$t Y b$YI B%T
nn
0.25
KLT
DCT
DFT
0.2
normalised basis restriction error
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 5 10 15
samples removed (m)
3$Z ndU _PB8st{ BP I$&t stRPB8R b$Y R}{ B AsR$R R${$Bt BR
%RZR Y tZ8A BP AsR$R PB s Rs$Btsk s,B% RJZt{ b$Y ] ) dE, ' ) (3x
js} stI sII {Yt$JZ >xdH qY 8st RJZs B $R {B8}ZI stI }jBI ss$tR
t PB ABY Y *3q stI *]q $t 3$Z n1 y {st A {jsjk Rt Ys Y *]q
}B%$IR A tk {B8}s{$Bt yt sII$$Bt Y *]q YsR Y sIII sI%sts BP
Y$Y R}{sj RBjZ$Bt Yst Y *3q PB Y Rs8 b$tIBb R$9 3B s b$tIBb R$9
BP W Y *]q YsR W $tI}tIt R}{sj {B8}BttR bY$j Y *3q Btjk }BIZ{R
W\1Ld $tI}tIt R}{sj {B8}BttR sR Y BY {B8}BttR s `ZR {B8}j-
{Bt`ZsR qY$R $R k stBY }B$t $t Ps%BZ BP Y ZR BP Y *]q qB PZY
$jjZRs Y$R }B$t {B8}s Y R}{s }jBR BP s Ps8 BP st M ,<9 Rs8}jI P8sj
%B${I R}{Y wRYBbt $t 3$Z nnD ZR$t ABY Y *]q stI *3q $t 3$Z n; qY
Ps8 R$9 ] $R 1xE stI <stt$t b$tIBb $R s}}j$I APB stRPB8s$Bt
n;
3$Z n1U ]B8}s$RBt BP tk {B8}s{$Bt
NsRjk sR 8t$BtI sj$ $t Y $tBIZ{$Bt {Yt$JZR ZR$t Y *3q Btjk
s8} B {B{ Y tB$Rk s8}j$ZI AZ tB Y }YsR {B8}Btt qY$R s{Zsjjk
RZjR $t st Z}} ABZtI Bt Y 8s-$8Z8 }BRR$Aj $8}B%8t $t 7Wi yP Y *]q
$R ZRI s Y$Y Z}} ABZtI $R }BRR$Aj qY &{ BP tBt {B{I }YsR Bt Y
R}{Y $R I$R{ZRRI $t RB8 Is$j $t >E1H yt >E1H $ $R tBI Ys $P Y }YsR $R BZ Ak
8B Yst $bM Y R}{Y A{B8R BZY yP Y }YsR $R }js{I Ak stIB8 tB$R
Zt$PB8jk I$R$AZI Abt $ B L$ s BZY stI {B8}jjk Zt%B${I R}{Y
$R BAs$tI !t Y BY YstI $P Y }YsR $R }js{I Ak 9B Y {BtRZ{I
R}{Y RBZtIR {B8}jjk %B${I stI 8BtBBtBZR qYPB $ $R $t{B{ B %$b
Y }YsR sR Bsjjk Zt$8}Bst stI R}{$sjjk PB Y$Y j%jR BP sII$$% tB$R Y
{BtRZ{I R}{Y JZsj$k b$jj A s&{I 3B Y *]q Y {B^{$tR s sj stI
{st A {BtR$II B Ys% s A$tsk }YsR %sjZ qY }YsR b$jj I}tI Btjk Bt Y R$t
BP Y {B^{$t qY$R }B%$IR s A I BP tB$R 8s$t sR ZtjRR Y sIII
nx
4
x 10
4
2
amplitude
−1
−2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
samples
3$Z nnU 3s8 BP M ,<9 P8sj %B${I R}{Y
tB$R {YstR Y R$t BP Y {B^{$t Y }YsR $R Zt{YstI qYPB $P RBt
R}{Y tk $R }Rt $t s }s${Zjs {B^{$t $ $R Ztj$,jk Ys Y }YsR b$jj A
{BZ}I yP Y tB$R tk $R 8Z{Y Y$Y Yst Y R}{Y tk $t s }s${Zjs
{B^{$t RZj$t $t st BtBZR }YsR Y {B^{$t b$jj A Y$Yjk stZsI YZR
8$t$8$9$t Y &{ BP Y BtBZR }YsR ytZ$$%jk YPB Y *]q RYBZjI
}PB8 A Yst Y *3q
qB I8$t Y Z}} ABZtI BP RYBT$8 s8}j$ZI R$8s$Bt ZR$t Y *3q
sR {B8}sI B ZR$t Y *]q stBY -}$8t $R {s$I BZ yt Y$R -}$8t
psZRR$st I$R$AZI bY$ tB$R $R sIII B s {jst R}{Y bY${Y $R Yt I$%$II $tB
x(0 B%js}}$t Ps8R qY *3q $R }PB8I Bt Y Ps8R stI Y 8st$ZI
BP Y tB$Rk PJZt{k {B8}Btt $R }js{I Ak Y 8$t$8Z8 BP Y 8st$ZIR BP
Y {jst PJZt{k {B8}Btt stI tB$Rk PJZt{k {B8}Btt qY sRBt AY$tI
Y$R $R Ys sjj stRPB8 AsRI tB$R RZ}}RR$Bt 8YBIR s AsR${sjjk stZs$Bt
nE
4
x 10
5
4
magnitude
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
DCT Coefficient k
4
x 10
5
4
magnitude
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
DFT Coefficient k
3$Z n;U 7}{sj }jBR BP %B${I Ps8 PB *]q wZ}}D stI *3q wjBbD
R{Y8R yP Y }Rt{ BP tB$R RZjR $t s PJZt{k {B8}Btt Ys%$t s jBb

8st$ZI $ $R Ztj$,jk Ys Y tB$R RZ}}RR$Bt hj {st $t{sR Y 8st$ZI
qY AR R$8s }BRR$Aj bBZjI A Y tB$Rk 8st$ZI <Bb% $P tB$R {sZRR Y
s8}j$ZI BP Y PJZt{k {B8}Btt B A Y$Y st $Isj hj RYBZjI jBb Y
s8}j$ZI B Y B$$tsj R}{Y R}{sj s8}j$ZI !t Y BY YstI Y tB$Rk
}YsR {B8}BttR s jP Zt{YstI qY $Isjjk hj 8st$ZI $R Yt {B8A$tI
b$Y Y tB$Rk }YsR {B8}BttR B BAs$t Y $Isj hjI PJZt{k {B8}Btt qY
B}$8sj {BtRZ{I R}{Y R$tsj $R Yt {BtRZ{I ZR$t Y b$YI B%js}
n
stI sII {Yt$JZ >xdH qY }B{RR $R }sI PB I$&t j%jR BP tB$R sIII
3B Y *]q s R$8$js }B{RR $R {s$I BZ ytRsI BP R}ss$t Y PJZt{k
{B8}Btt $tB 8st$ZI stI }YsR sR $t Y {sR BP Y *3q Y PJZt{k {B8T
}Btt $R R}ssI $tB R$t stI 8st$ZI qY R$t }B$Bt b$jj A $Y }BR$$%
B ts$% qY 8st$ZI BP Y tB$Rk PJZt{k {B8}Btt $R sjRB }js{I Ak Y
8$t$8Z8 BP Y 8st$ZIR BP Y {jst stI tB$Rk PJZt{k {B8}BttR qYsP
Y 8st$ZI $R {B8A$tI b$Y Y R$t }B$Bt B BAs$t Y B}$8sj {BtRZ{I
R}{Y ZR$t s R$8$js R{Y8 sR sAB%
qY RZjR {st A Rt $t 3$Z nx bY${Y RYBbR Y jBAsj 7Wi BP Y {BtT
RZ{I R}{Y ZR$t Y *]q stI *3q %RZR Y jBAsj 7Wi BP Y tB$Rk R}{Y
qY }jBR s s}}B-$8sjk j$ts stI $ {jsjk RYBbR Ys ZR$t Y *]q RZjR $t
s Y$Y Z}} ABZtI PB R}{Y tYst{8t Yst ZR$t Y *3q
46
Solid : DFT
44 Dashed : DCT
Global SNR(dB) of optimal reconstructed speech
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
20 25 30 35 40 45
Global SNR(dB) of input noisy speech
3$Z nxU =}} j$8$R BP tYst{8t ZR$t *]q stI *3q
nM
nn $t$8Z8 st 7JZs eB 3$j PB *]q
qY PBjjBb$t I$%s$Bt ZRR Y Rs8 tBs$Bt sR Ys $t ]Ys} 1 G$Y Y sRT
RZ8}$Bt Ys s 8Zj$}j${s$% hj $R ZRI B BAs$t Y tYst{I {B^{$tR Y
js$BtRY$} Abt Y tYst{I {B^{$tR stI Y tB$Rk {B^{$tR {st A -T
}RRI sR PBjjBbRU
|
w>D ) P w>DV w>D3 wn1D
qY BA`{$% $R B BAs$t st -}RR$Bt PB P w>D bY${Y 8$t$8$9R Y 8st RJZs
|
B Abt w>D stI w>D qY 8st RJZs B ;w>D {st A }RtI sR
|
;w>D ) o>ww>D w>DD1 H
) o>wP w>DV w>D w>DD1 H
) o>wP w>D1 V w>D1 1P w>DV w>Dw>D L w>D1 H wnnD
bY o> H ItBR Y -}{s$Bt B}sB k I$&t$s$t eJZs$Bt wnnD b$Y
R}{ B P w>D stI JZs$t B 9B b Ys%U
Qw;w>DD
) 1P w>Do>V w>D1 H 1o>w>DV w>DH ) (3 wn;D
QwP w>DD
bY${Y $8}j$R
o>w>DV w>DH
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o>w>Dww>D L ]w>DDH
)
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o>w>D1 H L o>w>D]w>DH
)
o>w>D1 H L 1o>w>D]w>DH L o>]w>D1 H
n
7$t{ w>D stI ]w>D {st A 8BIjI sR 9B 8st stIB8 %s$sAjR bY${Y s $tIT
}tIt BP s{Y BY o>w>D]w>DH ) ( <t{ P w>D {st A -}RRI sRU
o>w>D1 H
P w>D ) wnxD
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|
*tB$t o>w>D1 H Ak ? w>D stI o>]w>D1 H Ak z w>D w>D {st A }RtI sR
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w>D ) V w>D wnED
? w>D L z w>D
B
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w>D L d
bY
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w>D ) wnMD
z w>D
w>D $R ,tBbt sR Y s }$B$ 7Wi Ak RB8 sZYBR qY sAB% I$%s$Bt RYBbR
Ys Y 7e s8}j$ZI R$8sB $R Y G$t hj PB Y sj stRPB8 {sR
YBIR BP R$8s$t z stI ? s {B%I $t 7{$BtR 1; stI 1n; R}{$%jk
n; 3ZY iIZ{$Bt BP iR$IZsj WB$R ZR$t =tT

{s$tk BP 7$tsj _Rt{
qY I$%s$Bt BP Y 7e hj $t 7{$Bt nn $R AsRI Bt Y sRRZ8}$Bt Ys R}{Y
R$tsj tk $R sjbskR }Rt $t Y Rs8}jI R}{Y Iss <Bb% $ RYBZjI A tBI
Ys %t $t Y }Rt{ BP R}{Y Y R$tsj tk $R Ztj$,jk B A R$t$h{st PB
;(
sjj Y stRPB8 {B^{$tR ytR$t$h{st R$tsj tk {st A sI sR sARt{ BP
R}{Y 3ZY8B s{Zsj R}{Y Iss sjRB {BtR$R BP }$BIR BP R$jt{ BY >d;H
stI >dEH Ys% s,t tB BP Y$R stI 8BI$hI Y$ hjR s{{BI$tjk y $R 8}YsR$9I
$t >dEH Ys 8BR tB$R hj$t sjB$Y8R s $tsIJZs bYt R}{Y $R sARt Yt{
sII$$Btsj stZs$Bt RYBZjI A s}}j$I IZ$t }$BIR $t bY${Y R}{Y $R sARt qY
R$IZsj tB$R BP {B88Btjk ZRI R}{sj RZAs{$Bt }Bb RZAs{$Bt stI BY
sjB$Y8R tIR B A 8ZR${sj $t tsZ stI $R {BtR$II B A %k sttBk$t B
RB8 ZRR >dH =R$t PZY stZs$Bt sR RZRI Ak Y$R R{$Bt Yj}R B IZ{
Y R$IZsj tB$R
!t 8stR BP IB$t RB $R B R{sj Y hj BZ}Z IBbt Ak Y {BtI$$Btsj }BAsT
A$j$k BP R}{Y }Rt $%t Y {$%I R}{sj s8}j$ZI Ow,D N Y $t}Z A
}RtI Ak bB RsR I( stI Id bY
I( U R}{Y sARt{
Id U R}{Y }Rt{
qY 8BI$hI hj BZ}Z \w>D s,$t $tB s{{BZt Y {BtI$$Btsj }BAsA$j$k BP
R}{Y }Rt{ $%t V w>D $R Yt $%t AkU
|
\w>D ) h wId /V w>DDw>D wnD
qY }B}BRI s}}Bs{Y $R jB${sj R$t{ bYt Y %sjZ BP h wId /V w>DD s}}Bs{YR
Bt Y hj b$jj % B Y B$$tsj hj GYt h wId /V w>DD s}}Bs{YR 9B Y
hj b$jj }BIZ{ s 9B BZ}Z =R$t skR: YB8 Y {BtI$$Btsj }BAsA$j$k
ItR$k PZt{$Bt $R $%t sR PBjjBbRU
h wId Dh wV w>D/Id D
h wId /V w>DD ) wnd(D
h wId D h wV w>D/Id D L h wI( D h wV w>D/I( D
qY {BtI$$Btsj }BAsA$j$k ItR$k PZt{$BtR h wV w>D/Id D stI h wV w>D/I( D {st A
;d
BAs$tI PB8 Y psZRR$st Rs$R${sj 8BIj
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h wV w>D/I( D ) d
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wnd1D
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JZsj eJZs$Bt wnd(D {st A R$8}j$hI B Y PBjjBb$t
h wV w>D/Id D
h wId /V w>DD )
h wV w>D/Id D L h wV w>D/I( D
d
) h wV w>D/I( D
dL h wV w>D/Id D
)
d L ?
p d
w> DV w> D1
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s8}j$ZI
nx iRZjR stI *$R{ZRR$BtR
V Bsj BP $Y RR BP R}{Y Iss s,t PB8 Y qyyq IssAsR s ZRI $t BZ
%sjZs$Bt 3BZ BP Y Rtt{R s R}B,t Ak P8sj R}s,R bY$j Y 8s$t$t
Rtt{R s Ak 8sj R}s,R qY IZs$Bt BP Y Rtt{R stR PB8 x B d(
R{BtIR qY R}{Y Iss ZRI s Rs8}jI s M ,<9 stI JZst$9I B dE A$R B
$tPB8s$Bt Bt Y stR{$}$Bt stI BY Is$jR BP Y R}{Y Iss ZRI s $%t $t
7{$Bt n
qY }B}BRI tYst{8t sjB$Y8R s RI Bt Y R}{Y Iss {BZ}I Ak
bB I$&t k}R BP sII$$% tB$R qY hR k} BP tB$R $R Y b$Ijk ZRI psZRR$st
;1
bY$ tB$R V8}R s 8B%$t bY$ tB$R ZRZsjjk }BIZ{R st $$s$t R$IZsj
tB$R qY R{BtI k} BP tB$R sIII B Y R}{YR $R {BII Pst tB$R
qY tB$Rk R}{Y Iss s Yt I$%$II $tB Ps8R s{Y BP bY${Y {BtR$RR BP 1xE
Rs8}jR b$Y st B%js} BP d1 Rs8}jR b$Y Y t$YABZ$t Ps8 <stt$t b$tT
IBb$t $R Yt }PB8I Bt s{Y Ps8 APB $ $R tYst{I $tI$%$IZsjjk qY htsj
tYst{I R}{Y $R {BtRZ{I PB8 Y tYst{I Ps8R ZR$t Y b$YI B%js}
stI sII {Yt$JZ >xdH qY AjB{, I$ss8 BP Y hj $R RYBbt $t 3$Z nE
3$Z nEU jB{, I$ss8 BP tB$R IZ{$Bt hj
qY R8tsj R$tsj B tB$R s$B w7ep7WiD $R ZRI sR st BA`{$% R 8YBI
$t Y %sjZs$Bt BP Y R}{Y tYst{8t R{Y8R 7ep7Wi $R {YBRt B% BY
BA`{$% 8sRZR RZ{Y sR R$tsj B tB$R s$B w7WiD stI 8st RJZs B w7eD
A{sZR $ R8R B Ys% A s8t b$Y j$Rt$t RR qY 7Wi stI 7e
8sRZR s tB8sjjk IB8$tsI Ak Y Y$Y tk %B${ }B$Bt !t Y BY
YstI Y ZR BP 7ep7Wi bY${Y $R Y s%s BP sjj Y 7Wi $t tBt B%js}}$t
R8tR $%R Y Zt%B${I }B$Bt $R }B} b$Y$t 3B 8B I$R{ZRR$Bt Bt Y
{YB${ BP 7ep7Wi }jsR P B 7{$Bt x;
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d 3 d(jB mt
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d(
Ei L1xx
Ei
Ei L1xx
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bY E( , Ed , 333, E- d s Y A$tT$8R BP Y - tBtTR$jt{ Ps8R qY {jsRR$hT
{s$Bt BP Y Ps8R $R }PB8I 8stZsjjk ZR$t Y {jst R}{Y
;n
BY Y *]q AsRI R}{Y tYst{8t hjR IR{$AI $t 7{$BtR n stI ;
s $8}j8tI stI Y$ RZjR s {B8}sI b$Y Y 7e hj w7{$Bt 1n;D
}B}BRI Ak e}Ys$8 m sjsY $t >d;H qY *]q AsRI G$t hj I$R{ZRRI $t
7{$Bt nn b$jj YsP A ,tBbt sR *]q3 bY$j Ys bY${Y $R AsRI Bt 7{$Bt n;
b$jj A ,tBbt sR *]q31 qY RZjR s $%t $t qsAjR n1 stI nn R}{$%jk
V RZIk BP Y RZjR RYBb Ys *]q3 BZ}PB8R 7e $t Y BA`{$% R
PB sjj -{} Bt }s${Zjs R}{Y b$Y jBb sIII tB$R }Bb qY $8}B%8t
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}PB8st{ $R sjRB 8B tB${sAj PB s{Zsj {BII Pst tB$R Yst bY$ psZRR$st
tB$R qY$R $R B A -}{I R$t{ Y RZ}$B tk {B8}s{$Bt }B}k s}}j$R B
ABY tB$R stI R}{Y yP Y tB$R $R sjRB {Bt{tsI $t Pb {B^{$tR $ $R sjRB
sR$ B RZ}}RR
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7e R}{$sjjk PB Y {sR BP Pst tB$R <Bb% PB {jst R}{YR w7Wi k (
I D *]q3 $R A bY$j PB %k tB$Rk R}{Y Y sII$$Btsj stZs$Bt }B%$II
Ak *]q31 k$jIR s A RZj 7e IBR tB }BIZ{ stk 8ZR${sj BtR $t Y
R$IZsj tB$R bY${Y $R s}}B-$8sjk bY$ <Bb% Y 8s$t$t As{,BZtI tB$R
$R R$jj R$t$h{st qY BZ}Z PB8 Y *]q3 YsR R$t$h{stjk jRR R$IZsj tB$R
Yst Ys }BIZ{I Ak Y 7e qY$R $R R}{$sjjk Y {sR PB Y$Y tB$R R$Zs$BtR
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Y tB$R }Bb $t{sRR $ A{B8R RZA`{$%jk RZ}$B B Y *]q3 ptsjjk
R}{Y }B{RRI ZR$t *]q31 RBZtIR 8Z{Y {jst PB Y$Y j%jR BP bY$ tB$R
sR {B8}sI B *]q3 B 7e <Bb% I$&t{R Abt *]q3 stI *]q31 s
jRR tB${sAj PB Y sIII Pst tB$R
3$Z n $jjZRsR Y B$$tsj {jst R}{Y R8t PB8 Y hj PA 3$Z nM
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Noisy Spectral Amplitude
Silence
Speech/
Silence
G1
Speech
Y N
ξ < 0.61
Multiplicative Subtractive
cons. Sign dest. cons. Sign dest.

Estimate Estimate
G3 G2 T
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Time (s)
3$Z xMU ]jst R}{Y wFst 8sk st 8B 8Btk Ak bB,$t YsID
4
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3$Z xU WB$Rk R}{Y wbY$ tB$RD
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3$Z xd(U 7e hjI R}{Y
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Time (s)
3$Z xddU N*3q hjI R}{Y
1
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TM dxddMn dMM;((( dnx(dn 1(E1dM dn1dd( d(d1MnE
TE dMMnM1(1 dM(MnMd dEn(d ddMx;x d11(; d(xEdEME
T; dn;E1 dnx dE1xnn dMd;1M d1EMnMd d(;(Edx
T1 d(M;(1x dE(M;M dx(En(x dd(d;n d1nEE; d(1xd1x;
( dE1MMdd; dE(;1( dx1(1 d(EE;n1 d1(xdM d((MxndE
1 dxx1;MEM dxx1;nxM d;EM; dE1EM1;x ddnEn;1 11E
; d;Md(1E d;nE; d;n1d dxx;n(x dd;dMdn MdnM(d
E d;d;Ed; d;;1M1( dnM;d( d;MdM(;M dd(M;;E( EE;(
M dnx(dME dnME;xE; dn1xEnxM d;dnddEx d(n(n ;dddM
qsAj VEU W 7* PB Pst tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM ((MEEd ((ExE ((;EMd ((Mx( ((;(E; (dE;1n
TE ((E1MM ((xnd1 (((dn1 ((EE;1x ((EM1E1 (ddEdM(
T; ((;M1 ((;dx ((xd(n ((xnEx ((;xnx ((MdM1
T1 ((n(x ((ndEx ((ndn; ((;d;E ((nx11 ((xxxd
( ((1M; ((1nE1( ((1E;E ((ndE1x ((1xn ((;(n;
1 ((11E11 ((d1n ((dM(x ((1;1nE ((dME ((1Mnd;
; ((dEnM ((d1x(E ((dnd ((dM1dE ((dnnM; ((dEd1
E ((d1nd; ((((x (((;nM ((dnnE (((x; ((dnxn
M (((MMM (((Exd (((E(; ((d(dE( (((EM (((nnd
dMd
qsAj VU 7Wi RZjR PB 3dE tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM 1;dM(nE 11M1n( 1M(;E 1n;n dMEE(E (xd;;dx
TE ndM;;d nMx1x nxx(xd ndM;( ndM1E; 1(ME1d
T; ;(EEM(1 ;1d( xdnMd1 ;d(Mn ;;x nxEdMx
T1 x(;En E(n(;; Ennn(;n xd;d xM(E; ;;
( E1(dxdM dxEn xEdxE E1;d(Mn dnx1E; E;;(1(
1 n1;M Mnd( MMxd ;1dE;1 M;Mn M;M;
; ME(d1 1ddxE d(11Mxx MEEx1nx d;nE n;nnxE
E x(n dddnnEn1 ddnM1 d((nMME ddnEMMd d(MxMdx
M dd;(;;M d1E11 dnn1dn1 dd;n1d;; d1Mx;M;; d1;(MdE
Vn 3dE WB$R
iRZjR BP Y BA`{$% RR w7Wi *7ep7Wi stI W 7*D PB 3dE hY tB$R s
}RtI $t qsAjR V B V
V; ]s yt$B WB$R
iRZjR BP Y BA`{$% RR w7Wi *7ep7Wi stI W 7*D PB {s $t$B tB$R s
}RtI $t qsAjR Vd( B Vd1
Vx sAAj WB$R
qY BA`{$% RR w7Wi *7ep7Wi stI W 7*D RZjR PB AsAAj tB$R s }RtI
$t qsAjR Vdn B Vdx
dM1
qsAj VMU y8}B%8t $t 7ep7Wi PB 3dE tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM dE1dn(n dxx111M d;M1n dd(d;;; dd(;1xEd En;1n
TE d;Mx(M1 d;;M dnMn(( dxM(E(xx d(;x(MMd dd;;
T; dnx1(; dn;Exnd d1nn(1d d;xE(n; M;dMnx nndnd
T1 d1EM;d1n d1;MMM11 d1(nnMEE dn;(dM;( 1d(nE MMM(;(
( ddE1ddE ddx;M11E ddd;;(( d11Mnxd1 Mxxx M;1dddd
1 d(E(M1;E d(EMn; d(nn; dd1E;( MxMM1 ;(Md(
; Ex(E MxME x1M( d(1dx(x ;(Ex ;;dEnx
E Mnnx (MMEM; M(n1En nx11x EMxM(( Ed;M
M Enn(x Mn;;EM M11MMM Mx(((n( En1n1x Exnn;dn
qsAj VU W 7* PB 3dE tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM (nEMd (1EdE (1Ex(n (;dnE(n (1Mn1nd (nx;nnd
TE (ndn;1 (1;E;d (1(;x;x (n;E;E (1dEx( (1xExd1
T; (1xMEdM (1((M (dxxxx (1ME1M1 (dExM1 (d(M;
T1 (1(M;d (dxd1E (ddxn (11Md( (d1dx (d;nMEM
( (dE;MMM (d1ndx ((MMdEd (dM(d( ((E; (d(n
1 (d1MdEM ((nn;n ((EnM;x (dnd1E ((n;;n ((M(;1
; ((dM1 ((Enn ((;E1nn (d(;E( ((xxd ((xE;
E ((dMnn ((xd1d ((nn; ((MM ((;ddx ((;nxEd
M ((x1xdn ((nMd(d ((1;M ((xx1; ((n(x( ((ndM
dMn
qsAj Vd(U 7Wi RZjR PB {s $t$B tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM d1(1(n( d;(En 1((11E M;xn 1nMx1dd Td(1(nEM
TE dn;EEM; MM(x1E nE;;d d(;;xn ;n;n; ddd;ME
T; d;Mxd(( d(Mnn1 xddM1 d1d1dE; E1ddx n1;dE;E
T1 dEd;Md d1xn(E;; MxnMn dnEM(1xd M11;M1M xnEMxEM
( dx1(;d; d;1xE;(; 1MEEx dxdE1;;; d(d;1Mnx ;;xn
1 dMMddx1; dx1EM1E ddE;;(x dEdx1(1 d1(;1d; En1d1
; 1((Enx dxn1Mx dnxdMEM dM1E(1 dn1n ddM(Mn(E
E 1dnnE; d11ddd1 dxn1;;n dEE;M dxM(Edn d;(1xEnd
M 11(x1( 1(M(nxd d1M1n;M 1d(;xd( dE(En dE1dM1
qsAj VddU y8}B%8t $t 7ep7Wi PB {s $t$B tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM 1n(nE; 1dEEd1n 1(((xx( 1n1nd d;M(11dx d1E1(1x
TE 111Mn 1d(M1E dx1xx(E 11x(M1 d;E1xdx d1E1E;n1
T; 1d;EnEn 1(;xEM; d(n;d; 1dEEn; d;;1(Ex d1xnMx
T1 1(E;1Exd dddE( dMxn1xdE 1(M;(1x1 d;dndd; d1x(nxE(
( dM1;nM ddndn1; dM(1MM;1 dExx;; dnn1dM d1n1((1x
1 dMx(M( dM;x;ndM dxdMx;; ddnMnd dnEE(E( d1dE1dn
; dMdM;nx dMd(;x( d(nd( dM;1M dnnMxnd; ddME(
E d;d1n(1 d11xM dEx;EdM dEMEx1 dnd((xx( ddM1dd
M dEEx;M dEdMd1 dE(;xME d((1(;; d1M(MM ddE((n
dM;
qsAj Vd1U W 7* PB {s $t$B tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM (n1(;E1 (1x;xn1 (11;x1xn (n;d;dn (n1ME111 (x(xdd
TE (1x((n (1dEM; (dMEM (1x(d (1;xMxx (nn;x(n;
T; (11x;(( (d1xd (dnMnd (1nxMn (dMd1dnx (1dn;
T1 (d1n (dnEEdEn (d(E;1 (dMxnd (dnn(MEx (d;nMxn1
( (d;;( (d((; ((M1xn(1 (d;M;1 (d((M11 (d(1dd
1 (ddx(;; ((M;n ((ExEE; (d1d;d ((EExx; ((1EEx
; ((d1MM ((Ex;dd ((;Mnx ((E1nxn ((xdx ((xMdEEx
E ((d(EM ((x;EEE ((n;M(; ((ExM ((;1M11 ((;;x
M ((xxMn(x ((;1(Ed ((1MEE(; ((Ed;dME ((n1dxxE ((nnxdE
qsAj VdnU 7Wi RZjR PB AsAAj tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM dEE(Edn d1;;nE( T(M((M dMEnx; T(;ddxMn Td;nxdM
TE 1EExMdn 1;MndM( (E1x;n( 1E;E ddM;( (;;EMx1
T; nE;E1d n1ndxd 111x1; n11E;E 1nMM1M 1dME;1
T1 ;;Md( ;;1d nM;dE1 ;Mn(M( ;1MdM nM11M
( xM(E( En(;M1 x;;( xn(;1 xM;(d11 x;dn1M;
1 ddMxM1 Exnn1M (nEM1 dnM1(1 ;(d E1
; M;(nnE dd1;; MdE(; MnM1Ed ME1dMM MxMEE;
E Ex1;x d(x11E d(n(;n1( E(xE d(x1;x d(dEd1xd
M dddEdMdn d1(nndx( dd(EE dd(EMnE d1d(Md( ddEMn;(
dMx
qsAj Vd;U y8}B%8t $t 7ep7Wi PB AsAAj tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM d;x(x;( dnn(d;( dd1(xx dx;Exnn n(x Mndxx(;
TE dnx(xxx d1;n(; d(E1dE;1 d;E(dnd MMxnd Md(E
T; d1;1(x ddEEdxn d(((ME1M dn;Mx(n( MnM1n( E(1;x
T1 ddxdn;(x d(MEMxMd ;n1;x1 d1;1n;;x dn;( E1(dM
( d(xEdMx d((M((x MMxEM ddnM11; ;;ddd 1xn(
1 Ex;ndn nnnddx Mnd(M( d(;d(Mn En1x EM(;(;
; MM1n( MEExdx1 EEMd xdxx Exd(n; E;E(1n;
E ;d1E M((dEM 1(1;1( MEx(n(n E(;nx E(nMdd1
M dMM n;MMMd EEEn(d MnMxnx xEd1;nn xE;((Md
qsAj VdxU W 7* PB AsAAj tB$R
I *]q31 77e N*3q <G1* 7e 77

TM ((n(;11 ((11E ((;1;Mx ((n(M ((xEdM (d(n11
TE ((1nM ((11EMM ((nd( ((n(dMn ((n;n (((;M
T; ((dMMxE ((dnd ((1nM1; ((1nx(( ((1Mxdn ((;MnxE
T1 ((d;E;; ((dn;d ((d1d ((dMExd ((1(;1 ((nn1xx
( ((dddME ((d(1x ((dnnx ((d;Mx( ((d;M ((1n(dn
1 (((Mx;E (((dE (((;1 ((dd(1 ((d(;( ((dE(dn
; (((E;( (((x; (((nxE (((n; (((M1; ((dd1(E
E (((;MMx (((;;E (((x;1x (((E(E (((xEM (((Mn
M (((nEM; (((n1Mn (((;((1 (((;E;x (((;d; (((x;nd
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Transform Based Speech Enhancement Techniques

Soon Ing Yann

School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University

Date Soon Ing Yann

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