FLIR XXXXX Series Manual PDF

X-Series Science Camera
User’s Manual
This document contains no export-controlled information.
Document Number: 4221772

Version: C
Issue Date: April 8, 2020
FLIR Systems, Inc.
9 Townsend West,
Nashua, NH 03063
Support: 1-800-GO-INFRA (800-464-6372)
http://flir.custhelp.com
Service: 1-866-FLIR-911
www.flir.com
©2020 FLIR Systems, Inc.
X-Series User’s Manual 2

Table of Contents
1 REVISION HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 6
2 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Camera System Components .......................................................................................... 7
2.2 Camera Models ............................................................................................................... 7
2.3 System Overview............................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Key features of the X-Series science cameras ................................................................ 9
3 WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS ...................................................................................................................... 12
4 INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................................ 13
4.1 Basic Connections ......................................................................................................... 13
5 X-SERIES CAMERA CONTROLLER ........................................................................................................... 17
5.1 Online Help.................................................................................................................... 18
5.2 Menu Bar ....................................................................................................................... 18
5.2.1 Tools Menu ................................................................................................................................. 18
5.2.1.1 Advanced Time Controls ................................................................................................................... 20
5.2.2 Help Menu .................................................................................................................................. 20
5.3 Basic User Mode ........................................................................................................... 22
5.3.1 Status Page ................................................................................................................................ 23
5.3.2 Setup Page ................................................................................................................................. 23
5.3.3 Correction Page.......................................................................................................................... 25
5.4 Advanced User Mode .................................................................................................... 26
5.4.1 Status Page ................................................................................................................................ 26
5.4.2 Setup Page ................................................................................................................................. 27
5.4.2.1 Presets Tab ....................................................................................................................................... 29
5.4.2.1.1 Single Preset Mode ............................................................................................................................. 29
5.4.2.1.2 Preset Sequencing Mode .................................................................................................................... 30
5.4.2.1.3 Superframing Mode............................................................................................................................. 32
5.4.2.2 Window Tab ...................................................................................................................................... 34
5.4.2.2.1 FPA Sub-tab........................................................................................................................................ 34
5.4.2.2.2 Analog Video sub-tab .......................................................................................................................... 35
5.4.2.3 Sync Tab ........................................................................................................................................... 36
5.4.2.3.1 Sync Mode .......................................................................................................................................... 37
5.4.2.3.2 Sync Source ........................................................................................................................................ 39
5.4.2.3.3 Sync Options ....................................................................................................................................... 41
5.4.2.3.4 Sync Out ............................................................................................................................................. 41
5.4.2.4 Filter/Flag .......................................................................................................................................... 42

5.4.2.4.1 Flag controls........................................................................................................................................ 42
5.4.2.4.2 Filter Wheel Controls ........................................................................................................................... 43
5.4.3 Advanced Page .......................................................................................................................... 44
5.4.3.1 Non-Uniformity Correction (NUC) ...................................................................................................... 44
5.4.3.1.1 One-Point Correction Process............................................................................................................. 45
5.4.3.1.2 Two-Point Correction Process............................................................................................................. 45
5.4.3.1.3 Update Offset ...................................................................................................................................... 46
5.4.3.1.4 Bad Pixel Correction ........................................................................................................................... 46
5.4.3.2 Correction Tab .................................................................................................................................. 47
5.4.3.2.1 NUC Information ................................................................................................................................. 49
5.4.3.2.2 Load NUC Options .............................................................................................................................. 49
5.4.3.2.3 Performing a NUC ............................................................................................................................... 50
5.4.3.3 Video Setup Tab ............................................................................................................................... 53
5.4.3.4 Video ROI.......................................................................................................................................... 56
5.4.3.5 Video Overlay Tab............................................................................................................................. 57
5.4.3.6 Digital Tab ......................................................................................................................................... 59
5.4.3.7 Analog Tab ........................................................................................................................................ 61
5.4.3.8 Misc Tab ............................................................................................................................................ 62
5.4.3.9 Lockin Tab......................................................................................................................................... 62
5.4.3.10 Saturation Detection .......................................................................................................................... 63
5.4.3.10.1 Integrate Active Polarity .................................................................................................................... 64
5.4.3.10.2 IRIG Latch ......................................................................................................................................... 64
5.4.3.10.3 Camera Temperatures ...................................................................................................................... 64
5.4.4 SSD Page ................................................................................................................................... 65
5.4.4.1 Installing the SSD .............................................................................................................................. 67
6 INTERFACES................................................................................................................................................ 69
6.1 Mechanical Dimensions ................................................................................................. 69
6.2 Electrical – X8500 and X6900 Series............................................................................. 72
6.2.1 Power Switch .............................................................................................................................. 72
6.2.2 Solid State Drive ......................................................................................................................... 73
6.2.3 Status Lights ............................................................................................................................... 73
6.2.4 Gigabit Ethernet.......................................................................................................................... 74
6.2.5 MicroSD ...................................................................................................................................... 74
6.2.6 USB Client .................................................................................................................................. 74
6.2.7 HDMI Video ................................................................................................................................ 74
6.2.8 Power Interface .......................................................................................................................... 75
6.2.9 Camera Link® Video Output ........................................................................................................ 75
6.2.10 Auxiliary Connector/Breakout Cable .......................................................................................... 76
6.2.11 Record Trigger ............................................................................................................................ 78
6.2.12 CoaXPress (CXP) Video Output [X6900/X8500 only] ................................................................ 78

6.2.13 Sync In ........................................................................................................................................ 78
6.2.14 HD-SDI [X6900/X8500 only] ....................................................................................................... 79
6.2.15 Composite Video Output [X6900/X8500 only] ............................................................................ 79
6.2.16 Sync Out ..................................................................................................................................... 79
6.2.17 Genlock Input [X6900/X8500 only] ............................................................................................. 80
6.2.18 IRIG Input [X6900/X8500 only] ................................................................................................... 80
7 FILTER WHEEL ................................................................................................................................................. 81
8 SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................................................................ 83
8.1 Interface ........................................................................................................................ 83
8.2 Windowing Capacity ...................................................................................................... 83
8.3 Acquisition Modes and Features.................................................................................... 84
8.4 Analog Video ................................................................................................................. 86
8.5 Performance Characteristics ......................................................................................... 87
8.6 Non Uniformity Correction ............................................................................................. 87
8.7 Detector/FPA ................................................................................................................. 88
8.8 General Characteristics ................................................................................................. 88
9 MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................................ 90
9.1 Camera and Lens Cleaning ........................................................................................... 90
9.1.1 Camera Body, Cables and Accessories ..................................................................................... 90
9.1.2 Lenses ........................................................................................................................................ 90

1 – Revision History
1 Revision History
Version Date Initials Changes
A 07/09/2019 AAR Initial Release
B 01/06/2020 AAR Correction to Aux cable pinout, 1308 gain states

2 – Introduction
2 Introduction
Thank you for choosing a FLIR X-series science camera! The X-series cameras are some of the
fastest commercial infrared cameras in the world, and they were designed with the high-end infrared
camera user in mind.
2.1 Camera System Components

The X-series infrared camera and its accessories are delivered in a box which typically contains the
items below. There may also be additional items that you have ordered such as lenses, software,
CDs, etc.
Description FLIR Part Number

X6800sc Camera 29420-2xx (InSb)
X6900sc Camera 29267-2xx (InSb) or 29421-2xx (SLS)
X8500sc Camera 29422-2xx (InSb) or 29428-2xx (SLS)
Power supply, 24V, 4A 24123-000
AC line cord 24124-000
Gigabit Ethernet Cat-6 cable, 2m length 24277-000
AUX Breakout Cable 4212860
Bayonet mount plug 4142249
Laboratory calibration plate 261-0005-00
500GB SSD 4142223
SSD to USB cable 4142222
Filter wheel wrench C1004.M202
HDMI video cable, 6-ft 4142224
Water-resistant transit case 24043-005
Documentation CD N/A
2.2 Camera Models

The X-series is a camera family. There are several different models, ensuring a wide variety of
customer needs can be met. The X6800-series cameras are a slower, less expensive version of the
X6900-series series. The X6900-series cameras are 640x512 cameras built for very high frame rates.
The X8500-series cameras have an HD focal plane array
Model Description FLIR Part Number
• f/2.5
X6800sc 29420-200
• Broadband (InSb: 1.5-5μm response)
• f/2.5
X6801sc 29420-201
• InSb: 3-5μm response
• f/4.1
X6802sc 29420-202
• Broadband (InSb: 1.5-5um response)
• f/4.1
X6803sc
• InSb: 3-5μm response 29420-203

2 – Introduction
Model Description FLIR Part Number

• f/2.5
X6900sc • Broadband (InSb: 1.5-5μm response) 29267-200
• Broadband (SLS: 3-12μm response)* 29421-200
• f/2.5
X6901sc • InSb: 3-5μm response 29267-201
• SLS: 7.5-12μm response* 29421-201
• f/4.1
X6902sc • Broadband (InSb: 1.5-5um response) 29267-202
• Broadband (SLS: 3-12μm passband)*
29421-202
• f/4.1
• SLS: 7.5-12μm response* 29421-203
• f/2.5
X8500sc • Broadband (InSb: 1.5-5μm response) 29422-200
• Broadband (SLS: 3-12μm response)* 29428-200
• f/2.5
• SLS: 7.5-12μm response* 29428-201
• f/4
• Broadband (InSb: 1.5-5um response) 29422-202
X8502sc
• Broadband (SLS: 3-12μm passband)*
29428-202
• f/4
• InSb: 3-5μm response 29422-203
X8503sc
• SLS: 7.5-12μm response*
29428-203
*NOTE: SLS upper cutoff tolerance is +/- 0.5um
2.3 System Overview

The X-Series infrared camera systems have been developed by FLIR to meet the needs of the
research, industrial and range phenomenology communities.
The X8500sc camera makes use of FLIR’s advanced ISC1308 readout integrated circuit (ROIC),
mated to an Indium Antimonide (InSb) detector to cover the shortwave and midwave infrared bands
and an SLS array for longwave infrared. The X6800 and X6900 cameras use the ISC0804 ROIC.
The X8500sc camera utilizes an HD format, 1280x1024 array with 12μm pixel pitch. The X6800 and
X6900 cameras use a large format, 640x512 array with 25um pixels. The architectures of the camera
systems fully exploit a rich palette of features available in both the 0804 and 1308 ROICs to support
the specialized needs of high-end research.
The X-Series is a stand-alone imaging camera that interfaces to host PCs using standard interfaces,
including Gigabit Ethernet, Camera Link®, and CoaXpress (CXP). The X-Series cameras are all
GenICam compliant. An SDK is also available, which makes it possible for the system designer to
write their own camera controller and acquire image data with their own custom application.

2 – Introduction
2.4 Key features of the X-Series science cameras

Improved Linearity to Zero Well-Fill
Typical direct injection ROIC designs exhibit a non-linear response when the signal drops
below 10% of well-fill. Both the ISC0804 and ISC1308 ROICs provides linear response even
at very low signal levels. This results in an increased linear dynamic range, much better NUC
performance at low signal levels and it makes it easier to perform a user calibration of the
camera.
Fast Frame Rates
The X6900 and X8500sc cameras feature fast pixel clocks: 355 Megapixels per second,
which enable the X6900 camera to output 1000 frames per second at 640x512, and the
X8500 camera to output >180 frames per second at a frame size of 1280x1024 pixels. The
X6800 series frame rate is limited to approximately half the X6900 frame rate, but it has the
same 355 Megapixels per second pixel clock speed.
14-Bit Digital Image Data
The X-Series camera systems are all built around high-performance 14-bit A/D converters,
preserving the full dynamic range of the FPA.
Windowing Capability
Higher frame rates are available by windowing down at the Focal Plane Array (FPA) level.
Semi-arbitrary size and location of windows are available, limited only by the intrinsic
characteristics of the readout.
Presets
Up to four presets and their associated parameters such as integration time, frame rate,
window size and window location are available for instant selection with a single command.
These presets can be used in either Superframing or Preset Sequencing modes.
Factory Calibrations
Most variants of the X-Series cameras can be purchased with radiometric calibrations that are
performed in the calibration laboratory in Niceville, Florida using NIST-traceable calibration sources.
The calibrations translate the raw digital data from the sensor into radiometric images that can be
interpreted by software into radiance and temperature images. These factory radiometric calibrations
are stored inside the camera electronics and are linked to high-quality stored factory NUCs. The
radiometric calibrations have temperature drift correction built in that utilizes various temperature
sensors inside the camera body and on the lens interface to compensate for changes in the optics
self-radiation levels caused by changes in the camera and optics temperatures.
Independently Adjustable Frame Rates
Frame rate is user selectable from 0.0015 Hz up to the maximum allowed for the selected
window size.
Multiple Triggering Modes and Synchronizing Interfaces
The X-Series cameras provide different interfaces to support maximum flexibility for
synchronizing the camera to external events, as well as synchronizing external events to the
camera.
▫ Sync In (TTL)
▫ Built-in IRIG timing decoder (not in X6800 series)
▫ Genlock input (SD or HD) (not in X6800 series)
▫ Sync Out
2 – Introduction
Adjustable Digital Gains and Offsets

The X-Series cameras allow the user to adjust digital gains and offsets per preset, making it
possible to map only the linear portion of the FPA to the full range of digital count values.
Multiple Control Options
The X-Series cameras can be controlled with the supplied control module within ResearchIR,
using the optional BHP SDK or with a third-party toolkit that support GenICam. The following
ports can be used for controlling the X6900 and X8500-series cameras:
▫ Gigabit Ethernet port (GenICam)
▫ Camera Link® serial port (GenCP)
▫ CoaXpress (GenICam)
▫ USB-2 port
▫ Traditional RS-232 asynchronous serial port (GenCP)
The X6800 camera supports:

▫ Gigabit Ethernet port (GenICam)
▫ Camera Link® serial port (GenCP)
▫ USB-2 port
▫ Traditional RS-232 asynchronous serial port (GenCP)
Multiple Video Outputs

The X6900 and X8500 cameras feature multiple independent and simultaneous video
outputs:
▫ Digital Data – Camera Link® Full
▫ Digital Data – Gigabit Ethernet
▫ Digital Data -- CoaXpress
▫ Digital Video – HD-SDI (1080p or 720p)
▫ Digital Video – HDMI (1080p or 720p)
▫ Analog Video – Composite video (NTSC or PAL)
The X6800 cameras have the following video outputs:

▫ Digital Data – Camera Link® Full
▫ Digital Data – Gigabit Ethernet
▫ Digital Video – HDMI (1080p or 720p)
Support for Camera Link Full or CoaXpress interfaces

The X6900 and X8500 cameras are the first commercial IR cameras to offer both Camera Link
Full and CoaXpress (CXP) interfaces on the same camera. Both interfaces are
simultaneously active.
The X6800 series has the Camera Link interface, but not CoaXpress.
Video Color Palettes
The X-Series cameras support a selection of standard and user-defined color palettes for the
analog video and HD-SDI outputs.
X6800 only has HDMI output.
Video Overlay
X6900 and X8500: A configurable video overlay provides the user with IRIG time and camera
status symbology on the analog video without needing to use the GUI.

2 – Introduction
X6800: A configurable video overlay provides the user with camera status symbology on the
HDMI video output without needing to use the GUI.
Ruggedized Construction
The X-Series cameras are packaged in semi-sealed enclosures with integral forced air heat
exchangers.
Digital Detail Enhancement (DDE)
DDE is an analog video AGC mode that provides a significant improvement to scene detail
and contrast.
On-Camera NUCs with Auto Update
NUCs can be stored in camera memory and can be applied independently to the various
digital and video outputs. The camera can be configured to automatically update the NUC
using the internal flag based on a change of an internal temperature sensor and/or a timer.
IRIG Time Stamp (TSPI Accurate)
The X6900 and X8500 cameras can automatically sync to a standard IRIG-B analog time
signal. The time stamp jitter is less than 10 microseconds. The time is encoded in the digital
image header and can also be displayed on the analog video overlay.
The X6800 camera does not support an IRIG-B input.
4-position filter wheel
The X-Series cameras have internal motorized filter wheels that can position a warm filter
between the lens and detector. The filters can be installed by the user and the filter holders
support automatic identification.
On-board recording with Solid State Drive (SSD) storage
The X-Series cameras have on-board 16GB RAM buffers that can record at any supported
frame rate with zero dropped frames. Data in the RAM buffer can be played back over any
digital data or video interface or can be stored to the internal SSD drive.
The SSD system uses standard commercial SSDs used in PCs and laptops. The SSD is
readily removed from the camera. The SSD can then be connected to the PC using a
standard USB/2.5” drive SATA cable (provided). The drive data can be accessed using the
provided ResearchIR software.

3 – Warnings and Cautions
3 Warnings and Cautions

For best results and user safety, the following warnings and precautions should be followed when
handling and operating the camera.
Warnings and Cautions:
➢ Do not open the camera body for any reason. Disassembly of the camera (including
removal of the cover) can cause permanent damage and will void the warranty.
➢ Great care should be exercised with your camera optics. Refer to Chapter 9 for lens
cleaning.
➢ Operating the camera outside of the specified input voltage range or the specified
operating temperature range can cause permanent damage.
➢ The camera is not completely sealed. Avoid exposure to dust and moisture and replace
the lens cap when not in use.
➢ Do not image extremely high intensity radiation sources, such as the sun, lasers, arc
welders, etc.
➢ The camera is a precision optical instrument and should not be exposed to excessive
shock and/or vibration. Refer to Section 8.8 for detailed environmental requirements.
➢ The camera contains static-sensitive electronics and should be handled appropriately.

4 – Installation
4 Installation
4.1 Basic Connections
All connections to the X-series cameras are located on the Back Panel. Although the X6900 and
X8500 cameras have a large number of connections, only a small number are required for basic
operation. The X6800 is a simplified version of the X6900 camera with fewer connections.
X-series User’s Manual 13

4 – Installation
Item Category Description

1 Power Power button. DC power connector.
Plug in the AC power supply to a standard outlet. The power supply
is compatible with 120V/60Hz and 240V50Hz AC power. Plug
adapters can be used for different regions. Connect the DC power
cable between the power supply and the power connector located on
the rear panel of the X-series camera. Turn on the camera by
pressing the power button on the rear panel. The button will
illuminate to indicate that the unit is ON.
2 Digital Data Gigabit Ethernet
The X-Series cameras have a Gigabit Ethernet interface that is GigE
Vision compliant. Use a regular CAT5e, CAT6 or CAT7 Ethernet
patch cable. If a crossover cable is used, the camera interface will
automatically detect and configure itself to work with this kind of
cable. The GigE interface is not capable of handling the full data rate
of the camera. The interface can handle about 30Hz at the X8500
camera’s full resolution and about 125Hz with the X6900/X6800
cameras, but results may vary depending on the host computer.
3 Video HDMI, HD-SDI, Composite (NTSC/PAL)
4 Digital Data Camera Link Full
The X-Series cameras have an industry standard Camera Link Full
interface using MDR connectors. This interface can handle the full
data rate of any of the cameras.
5 Digital Data CoaXPress
The X8500sc and X6900sc cameras use dual 5Gbps links with BNC
connectors. This interface can handle the full data rate of the
cameras.
6 Auxiliary This is the Auxiliary connector which is described in Section 6.2.10.
The X6800 series cameras have fewer connections:

4 – Installation

1 Power Power button. DC power connector.
Plug in the AC power supply to a standard outlet. The power supply
is compatible with 120V/60Hz and 240V50Hz AC power. Plug
adapters can be used for different regions. Connect the DC power
cable between the power supply and the power connector located on
the rear panel of the X6800sc camera. Turn on the camera by
pressing the power button on the rear panel. The button will
illuminate to indicate that the unit is ON.
2 Digital Data Gigabit Ethernet
The X6800sc has a Gigabit Ethernet interface that is GigE Vision
compliant. Use a regular CAT5e or CAT6 Ethernet patch cable. If a
crossover cable is used, the camera interface will automatically

4 – Installation

detect and configure itself to work with this kind of cable. The GigE
interface is not capable of handling the full data rate of the camera.
It can handle about 125Hz at full resolution.
3 Video/USB HDMI video output, USB-2 port and microSD card slot (not yet
implemented)
4 Digital Data Camera Link Full
The X6800sc has an industry standard Camera Link Full interface
using MDR connectors. This interface can handle the full data rate
of the camera.
5 Sync Sync input and output connectors
6 Auxiliary This is the Auxiliary connector which is described in Section 6.2.10.
7 Record This record input will trigger the recording to the internal RAM buffer I
the camera. The input can be a contact closure or a rising-edge TTL
pulse.

5 – X-series Camera Controller
5 X-Series Camera Controller

The X-Series Camera Controller (also called the Graphical User Interface or GUI) can be accessed
from within the ResearchIR software. Once the user is connected to the camera, a mini controller will
be visible in the left pane:
This controller will have basic controls for the most commonly used settings, like integration time,
frame rate, preset selection, and window size. Clicking the “More” button will display the full camera
controller. The rest of this chapter will describe the full camera controller features in detail.
The camera control pane shown above indicates that factory radiometric calibrations are loaded into
the four presets of the camera. The values shown are temperature ranges. For example, the first
preset is designed to measure object temperatures from -20C to 55C, the second from 10C to 90C.
These factory calibrations are associated with NUC files which are stored in the camera. When the
camera is connected to ResearchIR software, the software will detect the loaded calibration and
interpret the raw image data into radiometrically calibrated images in radiance or temperature units.
This is described more fully in the ResearchIR user manual.
The full camera controller can operate in two user modes, Basic or Advanced. The Basic mode gives
the typical camera controls most users need. For advanced system requirements that exercise the
full capabilities of the camera, the Advanced mode is used. The user mode can be selected from the
Tools>>User Mode menu. In both modes, the menu bar is the same.
The Status pages looks similar in both modes, but the Advanced mode gives the user much more
control of advanced camera features.
NOTE: The X6800sc uses the same camera controller software as the X6900sc. The X6800sc is
missing several features found in the X6900sc but the controls for these functions may still be visible in
the GUI. For example, the X6800sc has a precision image timestamp which may be referred to as a
“IRIG” time. However, this time stamp cannot be synchronized to an external IRIG-B signal. It can
only be set to reflect the PC or camera real-time clock (RTC) but will only free-wheel after being set.
The IRIG timestamp will be set to the camera RTC automatically at power-up.
GUI controls for Genlock should not be used because this input is not available. The X6800sc only
supports HDMI. Choosing options for SDI or composite video will result in no video to be displayed.
The X6800sc has a reduced maximum framerate compared to the X6900sc. Various screenshots
within this manual may show frame rates that are beyond what the X6800sc supports.

5.1 Online Help

The X-Series Camera Controller provides two online help options. First there is this manual which
can be accessed via the Help menu. Second, when placing the mouse cursor over a particular
control, a Tooltip will be displayed giving a basic description of the control.
5.2 Menu Bar
The menu bar is the same for both Basic and Advanced User Modes.
Saves the camera state to the current (name).

Save State (name) This state will be reloaded at power up. Stored in
flash memory.
Saves the current camera state to a name chosen

Save State As by the user. State names other than (name) may
be loaded manually. Stored in flash memory
Load State Load a state from flash memory.
Manage States Rename or delete states from camera memory.
Loads factory defaults for all camera Settings and

Load Factory
NUCs. The factory defaults cannot be modified
Defaults
by the user.
NOTE: Camera states contain information about all configurable camera parameters. They do not
contain the NUC data, but they do contain the filenames of the currently loaded NUCs. These NUCs
will be reloaded with the state; however, if the NUCs are changed, deleted, or renamed, the state may
not be able to load the NUCs.
5.2.1 Tools Menu

Activates control link to certain
NEOS Lens Control
motorized lenses
Filter Info Shows ID info for filters in wheel
Set Time Options for setting time
User Mode Select Basic or Advanced mode
Set PC Time to Sets the PC clock to the time from the

Camera Time camera IRIG clock.

[Note: For the X6900 and X8500
cameras, at power up, the IRIG clock is
automatically synchronized to the
cameras Real Time Clock (RTC).]
[Note: If the current PC user account
does not have permission to access the
system clock, this function will not work.]
Sets the camera RTC/IRIG clocks to the

time from the PC clock. If the camera
IRIG clock is synchronized to an external
Set Camera Time to
source the time will momentarily blip if
PC Time
this function is selected and it will then
resynchronize automatically with the
IRIG source. (X6800 has RTC only)
Allows user to manually set the IRIG and

Advanced… RTC clocks in the camera. See Section
5.2.1.1
Provides a limited subset of controls. All

User Mode >> Basic controls on a single page to minimize
time needed to find a control.
User Mode >>

Activates all controller features.
Advanced
NOTE: The X-series cameras have two internal clocks: A Real Time Clock (RTC) and an
IRIG clock. The RTC is a low resolution clock used to keep system time. The RTC has a
battery backup and will retain time while the camera is off. The IRIG clock is a high resolution
(microsecond) clock. This clock does not have a battery backup but at power up the IRIG
clock is initialized to the current RTC time and will free-wheel until an IRIG signal is applied to
the camera. The X6800 IRIG clock cannot be synchronized to an external IRIG time source.

5.2.1.1 Advanced Time Controls

This dialog is accessed using the Tools>>Set Time>>Advanced menu options. This allows the user
to directly set the cameras system time, and IRIG time. Under the Synchronize Time section the user
can select various clocks on the left and synchronize them to a clock from the right. In the example
below, the “Sync” button is pressed, the Camera System and IRIG clocks will be synchronized to PC
time (including local time zone).
NOTE: Setting the PC time requires your PC user account to have certain permissions set. If you do
not have sufficient permission, then this function will not work.
5.2.2 Help Menu

The “About” menu item shows a dialog indicating the current controller version number. If the
controller is connected to a camera a list will be displayed that shows all versions of software and
firmware in the camera. The “Save” button allows the user to create a text file with this version
information.


5.3 Basic User Mode

The Basic User mode enables a limited set of controls, thus greatly simplifying the controller interface.
Most controls will be disabled until the user connects to the camera using the Camera>>Connect
menu option.
Features supported in Basic Mode
Manually Setting Integration Time YES
Setting Window Size Limited, Four window choices
Setting Frame Rate YES
On-camera NUC Must be enabled

NUC Management None (Fixed NUC name)
NUC Controls 1-pt, 2-pt, Update Offset
External Sync Only using SYNC IN BNC

Preset Sequencing/Superframing NO
Independent Video and Data NUC NO

Manual Linear, PE, DDE,
Analog AGC
Brightness/Contrast, no ROI mode
AGC Filter ON/OFF Only
Temporal Filter ON/OFF Only

Invert/Revert NO
Digital Zoom YES
Color Palette YES
Overlay Controls NO

5.3.1 Status Page

The Status Page gives general information about the camera state including camera type, camera
time, integration time, frame size, and frame rate. This page also shows the current IRIG time and the
camera operating hours. At the bottom of the window the detailed camera type is displayed as well as
the FPA operating temperature. The indicator at the bottom left will be green when a connection to a
camera is established and will blink during communication.
5.3.2 Setup Page

The Setup page allows the user to set integration time, frame rate, frame size, and Sync source.
Frame size selection is limited to the drop list. The video output source cannot be chosen but AGC
can be configured.

The frame size selections are here, 1280x720 is an option and is not shown:
Basic Setup Page Controls

Integration Enter integration (exposure) time in milliseconds. If factory calibration is active, then
time this will be a dropdown list of available calibration ranges.
Internal: internal clock used to generate FPA frame rate
Sync
External: SYNC IN signal used to generate FPA frame rate
Source
Video: Internal video clock used to generate FPA frame rate
Frame Rate Sets value of internal frame rate. Not used for External or video sync modes
Frame Size In basic mode only 4 window sizes are available.

AGC Turns video Automatic Gain Control (AGC) on and off. Several AGC algorithms are
Enabled available in the Advanced mode.
The AGC Filter controls how quickly the AGC will respond to scene changes. In basic
AGC Filter
mode can only be turned on/off. Uses settings from Advanced mode
AGC normally computed for each image frame. AGC Lock freezes AGC setting to
AGC Lock
current values.
Temporal
Not available on X-series
Filter
If Plateau Equalization (PE) AGC is active in Advanced mode, “P” controls the strength
PE
of the AGC. Move slider to the right for more aggressive AGC.
If Digital Detail Enhancement (DDE) AGC is active in Advanced mode, “DDE” controls
DDE the strength of the AGC. Move slider to the right for more aggressive AGC. Checkbox
enables/disables DDE
Brightness Adjusts video encoder brightness level. No available for all video outputs
Contrast Adjusts video encoder contrast level. No available for all video outputs
eZoom Selects level of “digital” zoom
If disabled, eZoom uses pixel replication to create zoom. If enabled, zoom uses
Bilinear
bilinear interpolation for eZoom.
Palette Allows selection of false color palette for. Same palette used for all video outputs

5.3.3 Correction Page

The Correction Page provides functions related to performing an on-camera NUC. Three correction
types are available and are described in the table below. The Correction Status area will show
messages and prompt the user to complete certain tasks such as place a blackbody in the field of
view.
To perform an on-camera NUC, select a Correction Type and Correction Source and press Start.
Correction (NUC) Types
Retains the current NUC gain terms and updates the offset terms.
Offset Update Uses a single NUC source. Retains the current bad pixel (BP)
correction.
Sets the gain terms to “1” and computes the offset terms. Uses a
One Point
single NUC source. Does not compute a BP correction.
Sets both the gain and offset terms. Uses two NUC sources.
Two Point
Computes a bad pixel correction.

Correction Sources
Use the internal flag as the NUC source. The flag is not
Internal
temperature controlled and floats at camera internal
Use an external blackbody as the NUC source. Program will

External prompt the user to place each source in front of the camera. NUC
source needs to fill the entire field of view.
Correction Process Controls

(will be disabled if command not available)
Abort Stops the NUC process.
When prompted for an action, click “Continue” when action has

Continue
been performed.
Start Starts the selected NUC process.
5.4 Advanced User Mode

The Advanced User Mode exposes the full functionality of the camera controller. The controller looks
similar to the basic mode, but additional tabs will appear on each page. This will be the preferred
mode for most users.
5.4.1 Status Page

The Status page is the same in both Basic and Advanced user modes. The Status Page gives general
information about the camera state including camera type, camera time, integration time, frame size,
and frame rate. This page also shows the current IRIG time and the camera operating hours. At the
bottom of the window the detailed camera type is displayed as well as the FPA operating temperature.
The indicator at the bottom left will be green when a connection to a camera is established and will
blink during communication.

5.4.2 Setup Page

In Advanced mode, the Setup page allows the user to configure each camera preset, set integration
time (or calibration range), frame rate, windowing, sync, and filter wheel options. The Setup Page has
four tabs: Presets, Window, Sync, and Filter/Flag.
Before talking about the details of the Setup page, a brief discussion about frame rates and
integration time will be helpful.
Frame rate is the number of images taken by the camera per second. The Integration time is the
“exposure time”, the period of time the camera actually views the scene. Achievable frame rates are
based on camera settings, camera overhead, and integration settings. A brief review of the
processes that occur during a frame is needed to understand how to determine maximum achievable
frame rates.
There are two basic integration modes, Integrate Then Read (ITR) and Integrate While Read (IWR).
Integrate Then Read is the most basic behavior of the camera and shows the process most clearly.
As seen in the ITR process diagram below, the frame generation process begins with a Frame Sync.
The camera then integrates the set amount of time, goes through a fixed dead time, transmits data,
goes through a second fixed dead time, and then is ready to start the process over again. Here you
see the camera first completes the integration process and then reads the data out, hence the term
Integrate Then Read.

Frame Sync Frame Sync
Integration Integration
Data Read Data Read
Integration Period Data Width Integration Period Data Width

Dead Time Dead Time Dead Time Dead Time
ITR Frame Generation Process
The Integration and the Data Readout periods can be thought of as two separate processes; however,
they are linked together by certain timing requirements. What this means is the camera can integrate
for a period, start the data read out for that integration period, and during that readout start the
integration period for the next frame. This process is called Integrate While Read (IWR) and can
greatly speed up frame rates. The drawback to this process is it injects a fixed noise pattern into the
data which can be removed by performing a Non Uniformity Correction (NUC) to the data.
NOTE: A NUC update is recommended anytime an adjustment is made to either frame rate or
integration time, regardless of the integration mode.
Integration can’t start
before previous frame’s
Data Read
Frame Sync Frame Sync
Integration must end after

the Dead Time following
the previous frame’s Data
Read
Integration Integration
Data Read Data Read
Integration Period Data Width

Dead Time Dead Time
Integration Period Data Width

Dead Time Dead Time
IWR Frame Generation Process

The integration period cannot end before the previous frame’s data read and dead time period. The
integration period cannot begin until after the previous frame’s data read starts. Therefore, the
calculation used to compute the maximum IWR frame rate depends on the integration and data read
times.

5.4.2.1 Presets Tab

A Preset is a combination of four parameters: Integration Time, Frame Rate, Window Size, and
Window Location. The X-series can store up to four presets in internal memory. The user can switch
from one preset to another manually, using the GUI, or the camera can automatically switch using
Preset Sequencing or Superframing. The time lag to switch from one preset to another using the GUI
is on the order of 100 milliseconds. When using Preset Sequencing or Superframing, the X-series
can switch between presets on a frame-to-frame basis.
5.4.2.1.1 Single Preset Mode

In Single Preset mode you can choose an existing factory calibration that is loaded into the camera,
as well as a frame rate up to the maximum allowed frame rate for the integration time associated with
that calibration. Or you can disable the factory calibration and instead choose an integration time
value and a frame rate for each preset. Again, the frame rate you choose must be less than or equal
to the maximum possible rate. That maximum rate is displayed to the right of the frame rate entry
field, and can be selected by checking the checkbox next to the word Max.
If you choose a factory calibration, the camera will automatically load the factory NUC associated with
the radiometric calibration. This is a huge advantage to using factory calibrations over user
calibrations: you do not need to keep track of what NUC is loaded.
Use the radio buttons to choose the active preset. The camera will switch presets for both digital and
video data.
Single Preset mode allows the user to treat each preset as a separate configuration and then simply
select which configuration (preset) to use.
The “Reduce Noise” option forces the camera to use ITR timing (thus reducing max frame rate. The
“noise” is some fixed pattern noise that can generally be removed by doing a NUC offset update.

TIP: The controller often provides additional information using tooltips. Mouse over just about
any control or indicator to see information about the current setting or about the bounds of
valid values for the control.
Frame Sync Frame Sync Frame Sync Frame Sync
Preset 0 Preset 0 Preset 0 Preset 0

Integration Integration Integration Integration
Data Data Data Data
Single Preset Mode
5.4.2.1.2 Preset Sequencing Mode

In preset sequencing mode, the camera will cycle through each preset on a frame-by-frame basis.
Clicking the Preset Sequencing radio button changes the controller display and puts the camera in
Preset Sequencing mode. The controller displays the current sequence configuration.

The camera will stay at each preset for a number of frames set in the Dwell column. This setting is
the dwell time (in frames) for each preset. A dwell time of zero tells the camera to skip that preset and
proceed to the next non-zero preset. For example:
Preset Sequencing
Preset 0 Dwell: 3
Preset 1 Dwell: 2
Preset 2 Dwell: 0
Preset 3 Dwell: 4
Preset 0 Preset 0 Preset 0 Preset 1 Preset 1 Preset 3 Preset 3 Preset 3 Preset 3
Preset Sequencing
The main purpose of preset sequencing is to capture a large dynamic range event with various
integration times. Consider a rocket launch as an example. During the launch a short integration time
would be needed to monitor the plume of the rocket. However, such a short integration time would
not yield adequate images across the rest of the rocket body. If the integration time were increased to
yield adequate images across the entire rocket, the rocket plume would saturate the detector. Preset
sequencing cycles through up to four different integration periods.
The radio button next to the Dwell field tells the camera which preset to send to the active video
output.

Optimized vs. Traditional Preset Sequencing

In traditional Preset Sequencing you can only adjust integration time and dwell for each preset. The
X-series incorporates Optimized Preset Sequencing. This allows the user to set integration time,
dwell, and frame rate for each preset. This is depicted in the diagram below.
NOTE: Optimized Preset Sequencing is only available when using internal frame sync. Traditional
Preset Sequencing is used in external sync mode. To achieve the fastest possible frame rates, the
camera must be in Frame Sync Starts Readout (FSSR) mode. If the camera is in Frame Sync Starts
Integration (FSSI) mode, the camera will be limited to ITR frame rate timing. See Section 5.4.2 for more
details.
5.4.2.1.3 Superframing Mode

Superframing is a subset of preset sequencing with dwell counts of 0 (unchecked) or 1 (checked) and
optimized frame rates for each preset. The user enables the checkbox for each preset they wish to
include in the Superframing. The “superframe rate” is the rate at which the entire group of included
presets is generated. The radio buttons to the left of the checkboxes select which preset will be
displayed on the active video output.
Optimized vs. Traditional Superframing:

In traditional Superframing, the time between subframes is dictated by the longest integration time. In
addition, the superframe rate cannot be set independently of the subframe rate. This typically forces
a user to run the camera at the fastest frame rate in order to minimize the time between subframes.
This may force the user to collect much more data than is actually necessary. With Optimized
Superframing, the time between subframes is set by the minimum readout time. This allows the
subframes to be packed together as closely as possible. The user sets the superframe rate. This
sets the time between bursts of superframes. The end result is that with Optimized Superframing the
user can achieve fast subframe rates to minimize registration error when “abating” the images while
using a slower superframe rate to minimize data storage requirements. This is depicted in the
diagram below.
NOTE: Optimized Superframing is only available when using internal frame sync. Traditional
Superframing is supported in external sync mode. To achieve the fastest possible frame rates, the
camera must be in Frame Sync Starts Readout (FSSR) mode. If the camera is in Frame Sync Starts
Integration (FSSI) mode, the camera will be limited to ITR frame rate timing. See Section 5.4.2 for more
details.

5.4.2.2 Window Tab

The Window tab allows the user to set the size of the active image window and the location of the
window. The window size and offset for the image data must be the same for both the FPA and
analog video. The Window Tab contains two sub-tabs: FPA and Analog Video.
5.4.2.2.1 FPA Sub-tab

The window height, width, and offsets can be set to any desired value, within the limits of each ROIC
type. The range of valid values for each field can be seen in a tooltip by moving the mouse over the
field.
The FPA Window settings can be changed by either entering values in the appropriate fields or by
dragging the handles on the window indicator (green shaded box). Use the handles to set the window
size and then drag the whole box to set the location. The window settings will turn red if a value has
been changed but not applied. A yellow value indicates an invalid value has been chosen.
Click the Apply button to update the camera. The fields will turn gray when the changes have been
accepted.
Use the Invert/Revert check boxes to flip the image vertically (Invert) or horizontally (Revert). This is
useful if your optics cause the image to be flipped. This flipping is done on the FPA itself and a new
NUC is typically required if these settings are changed.

X6800/X6900 Frame Size Variables
Minimum Maximum Step Size
Frame Width 32 640 32 pixels
Frame Height 4 512 4 pixels
Horizontal Offset 0 Depends on 4 pixels

window size
Vertical Offset 0 Depends on 4 pixels

window size
X8500 Frame Size Variables
Minimum Maximum Step Size
Frame Width 64 1280 32 pixels
Frame Height 4 1024 4 pixels
Horizontal Offset 0 Depends on 4 pixels

window size
Vertical Offset 0 Depends on 4 pixels

window size
NOTE: Windowing in the horizontal direction will not affect frame rate.
5.4.2.2.2 Analog Video sub-tab

The analog video outputs always put out a standard size video frame. If the camera FPA image is
windowed down in size, then there will be black areas in the Analog Video. The Analog Video sub tab
allows the user to control how the FPA digital image data is positioned within the analog video frame.

Zoom Modes
Zoom Because video modes have a fixed frame size, adjusting the
FPA window size can cause large empty areas around the
image in the video. The video zoom feature can reduce this
effect by applying a digital zoom factor to the image. The
available zooms are: x½, x1, x2, x4/3, x4. (4/3 zoom is good
for displaying a 640x512 image on a 720p display.
Analog Video Position Modes
Centered FPA data is placed in center of analog frame
Same as FPA Uses Offsets from FPA sub-tab
Uses X & Y offsets on this page to locate upper left corner of

Offset
image data in the video frame
5.4.2.3 Sync Tab

The Sync Tab allows the user to set the FPA sync mode, and sync/trigger options. At this point it is
helpful to define some terms. A sync is a signal that synchronizes the timing of an individual frame.
A trigger is a signal that synchronizes the start of a sequence of frames. The X-series has
independent SYNC and TRIGGER inputs. The SYNC and TRIGGER IN input require a 3.3V TTL
pulse (5V max).

5.4.2.3.1 Sync Mode
5.4.2.3.1.1 Frame Sync Starts

The X-series makes use of frame syncs and triggers to control the generation of image data. Again,
frame syncs control the start of individual frames whereas triggers start sequences of frames.
The generation of a frame consists of two phases: integration and data readout. Depending on the
timing between these two events, you can have two basic integration modes: Integrate Then Read
(ITR) and Integrate While Read (IWR). In ITR, integration and data readout occur sequentially. The
complete frame time is the combined total of the integration time plus readout time. In IWR, the
integration phase of the current frame occurs during the readout phase of the previous frame. In
other words, ITR and IWR terms refer to whether or not the camera will overlap the data readout and
integration periods. In ITR, the data is not overlapped which means lower frame rates but provides a
less noisy image. IWR can achieve much faster frame rates with a slight increase in noise. The X-
series does not require the user to explicitly choose whether to operate in ITR or IWR modes. The
camera will automatically select the integration mode based on the integration time, frame rate, and
frame sync mode.
The X-series supports two Frame Sync Modes: Frame Sync Starts Integration (FSSI), and Frame
Sync Starts Readout (FSSR). FSSI and FSSR determine which phase of the frame generation
process (integration or data readout) is synchronized to the frame sync. FSSI starts the integration
period when a frame sync occurs (i.e. “take a picture now”). The camera automatically calculates
when to start data readout. FSSR starts the data readout (for the previous frame) when a frame sync
occurs (i.e. “give me data now”). The camera automatically calculates when to start integration for the
current frame. In FSSI mode, the camera could be in either ITR or IWR mode. In FSSR mode, the
camera is always in IWR mode.
5.4.2.3.1.1.1 Frame Sync Starts Integration (FSSI)

Upon frame sync, the camera immediately integrates followed by data read out. Based on integration
time, frame size, and frame rate, the camera will automatically choose ITR or IWR mode.

NOTE: When using an external frame sync and preset sequencing or superframing, the external
frame sync should be set to comply with ITR frame rate limits. If the external sync rate is too fast, the
camera will ignore syncs that come before the camera is ready

Integration Integration Integration Integration
Data Data Data Data
Frame Sync Starts Integration, ITR
Frame 1 Integration Frame 2 Integration Frame 3 Integration Frame 4 Integration
Frame 1 Data Frame 2 Data Frame 3 Data
Frame Sync Starts Integration, IWR
5.4.2.3.1.1.2 Frame Sync Starts Readout (FSSR)

Upon frame sync, the camera immediately transmits the data from the previous frame. The
integration period is then placed to meet ROIC requirements. This mode always operates in IWR
mode. This mode can be used with either internal or external frame sync at full frame rates.
Frame 1 Integration Frame 2 Integration Frame 3 Integration Frame 4 Integration
Frame 1 Data Frame 2 Data Frame 3 Data
Frame Sync Starts Readout
5.4.2.3.1.2 Trigger Mode

A sequence consists of a series of frames. In Preset Sequencing, that series of frames can be any
number of any of the four presets. In Superframing, the series is one or zero frames from each
preset. In Single Preset, the series is simply one frame of the selected preset.

When a trigger occurs, the camera will complete a sequence a set number of times. For example, if
Preset Sequencing is used with a dwell of two frames set for all four presets, each trigger would
generate 8 frames. If the user set the camera to complete 3 sequences upon triggering, the camera
would generate 24 frames.
Trigger Modes
In free run the camera cycles through frames/sequences

Free Run
continuously.
Upon receiving a trigger (external or software), the camera

Trigger, then do this
generates the number of sequences entered in the box (max
many sequences
limit: >4x109).
Upon receiving a trigger (external or software) the camera will

Trigger then free run
start to generate sequences continuously.
External Preset Upon receiving a trigger (external or software) the camera will
Advance advance to the next preset with a non-zero dwell setting.
Trigger
nSequences = 3
Preset 0 Preset 1 Preset 2 Preset 3 Preset 0 Preset 1 Preset 2 Preset 3 Preset 0 Preset 1 Preset 2 Preset 3
Sequence Sequence Sequence
ITR Frame Process
5.4.2.3.2 Sync Source

The Source options page allows the user to select the source for Syncs and Triggers.

Sync Sources
The frame sync is generated internally to run at the frequency

Internal
set by the user
The frame sync is generated externally through the Sync In

External
connect on the camera rear chassis.
The frame sync is generated from an external video source

Video connected to the Gen Lock In connector on the camera rear
chassis.
Trigger Sources
The trigger is generated internally to run at the frequency set by

Internal
the user (Hz).
The trigger is generated externally through the Trigger In

External
connector on the camera rear chassis. (3.3V TTL)
Software The trigger is generated via a software button (Trigger button)
IRIG Triggered Camera generates an internal trigger when the internal IRIG

clock reaches a specified time.
5.4.2.3.3 Sync Options

The Sync Options page allows the user to set delays and polarities for the Sync and Trigger In.
Sync In
Allows for the user to set a delay (µsec) for the external sync. See
Delay
timing diagrams below.
The sync is edge triggered. This allows for the camera to use either the
Polarity
rising or falling edge.
Trigger In
Allows for the user to set a delay (µsec) for the external trigger. See
Delay
timing diagrams below.
The trigger is edge triggered. This allows for the camera to use either
Polarity
the rising or falling edge.
NOTE: The camera has a latency of approximately 1 microsecond when responding to a sync or
trigger signal.
5.4.2.3.4 Sync Out

The Sync Out options allow the user to set a delay for the sync out pulse as well as the sync delay
reference and polarity. The Sync Out signal always has a jitter of ±1 clock (160nsec).

Sync Out Options
Sync Out Delay Allows for the user to set a delay (in microseconds) for the sync out
on a preset basis.
Sync Out Source Allows for the sync out to be referenced to the start of frame or start
of integration.
Sync Out Polarity Allows for the sync out to be active high or low.
5.4.2.4 Filter/Flag
The Filter/Flag page controls the internal NUC flag and warm filter wheel.
5.4.2.4.1 Flag controls

Normally the NUC flag is primarily used with the Auto NUC function. However, it can be manually
controlled from this page.

Flag Controls
State Stowed: Flag not in field of view

Deployed: Flag in field of view
Temperature The standard NUC flag does not have a temperature control, so this
field and the checkbox will be grayed out. Cameras that do not
have the filter wheel have a NUC flag with a TEC cooler. The
temperature of the flag can be set from this page.
5.4.2.4.2 Filter Wheel Controls

The X-series has a motorized 4-position filter wheel. Warm filters are held in the wheel by a
removable filter holder. Each holder can hold up to two filters with a combined thickness of 2mm.
The holders have an ID number that is encoded using a set of magnets. The camera can recognize
the ID number. The camera can also store a text description for the filter ID. The Current filter drop
down list shows the filters currently in the wheel. Selecting an item from the list will tell the camera to
move that filter into the field of view. Below the filter selector is a list of filters detected by the camera.
If you wish to replace a filter, click the “C” button. This will move that filter into the field of view so that

it can be accessed. See Section 7 for more information on how to install filters. After installing a filter,
press the “Scan” button so that the camera can detect the new filter IDs.
5.4.3 Advanced Page

The Advanced Page contains controls for performing and managing on-camera Non-Uniformity
Corrections (NUCs), Analog video AGC, analog and digital offset, detector bias and a few advanced
miscellaneous features.
5.4.3.1 Non-Uniformity Correction (NUC)

Non-Uniformity Correction (NUC) refers the process by which the camera electronics correct for the
differences in the pixel-to-pixel response for each individual pixel in the detector array. The camera
can create (or allow for the user to load) a Non-Uniformity Correction (NUC) table which consists of a
unique gain and offset coefficient and a bad pixel indicator for each pixel. The table is then applied in
the digital processing pipeline as shown below. The result is corrected data where each pixel
responds consistently across the detector input range creating a uniform image.
Uncorrected Data
Bad Pixel
Detector x + 14-bit A/D x + Replacement Corrected Data
Algorithm
Analog
Gain/Offset NUC Table
Digital Process Showing NUC Table Application

To create the NUC table, the camera images either one or two uniform temperature sources. The
source can be an external source provided by the user or the camera’s internal NUC flag which is
basically a shutter the camera places in front of the detector. If the source is external it should be
uniform and large enough to overfill the cameras field-of-view (FOV). By analyzing the pixel data from
these constant sources, the non-uniformity of the pixels can be determined and corrected. There are
three types of processes which are used to create the NUC table; One-Point, Two-Point, and Offset
Update.
5.4.3.1.1 One-Point Correction Process

A One-Point Correction Process requires one uniform source, which is typically in the middle of the
usable range. The One-Point Correction replaces all gain coefficients in the NUC table with a value of
one (“1”) as seen in the figure below. The offset coefficients are computed uniquely for each pixel.
Uncorrected Data
Bad Pixel
x + Replacement Corrected Data
Algorithm
Offset
“1”
Coefficients
NUC Table
One-Point Correction
5.4.3.1.2 Two-Point Correction Process

The Two-Point Correction Process builds a NUC table that contains an individually computed gain
and offset coefficient for each pixel as seen in the figure below. Two uniform sources are required for
this correction. One source at the low end and a second source at the upper end of the usable
detector input range. Because of the use of two images at either end of the input range, the Two-
Point Correction yields better correction results verses the One-Point process. A 2-point correct will
also work better over a wider range of scene temperatures than a 1-point correction.
Uncorrected Data
Bad Pixel
Algorithm
Gain Offset
Coefficients Coefficients
NUC Table
Two-Point Correction

5.4.3.1.3 Update Offset

Often times during the normal operation of a camera the electronics and/or optics will heat up or cool
down which changes the uniformity of the camera image. This change requires a new NUC.
However, this change is mainly in the offset response of the image while the gain component stays
constant. An Update Offset simply computes a new offset coefficient using the existing gain
coefficient and corrects the image non-uniformity. Update Offsets are typically performed when a
Two-Point NUC table is being used.
An Update Offset requires only one uniform source, usually set at a temperature on the lower edge of
the operational range.
5.4.3.1.4 Bad Pixel Correction

Within the NUC table there is an indication as to whether or not a pixel has been determined to be
bad as shown below. There are two methods used to determine bad pixels.
Uncorrected Data
Bad Pixel
Algorithm
Bad Pixel
Indicator
NUC Table
Bad Pixel Correction

First, the NUC table gain coefficients are compared to a user defined acceptance boundary,
Responsivity Limit Low/High (%). The responsivity of a pixel can be thought of as the gain of that
pixel. The gain coefficient in the NUC Table is a computed value that attempts to correct the
individual pixel gain, or responsivity, to a normalized value across the array. Since the responsivity
value directly relates to the gain coefficient in the NUC table, the camera can scan the NUC table gain
coefficients and use them to determine if a pixel’s responsivity exceeds the limits as set by the user.
The second method of determining bad pixels is to search for twinklers. Twinklers are pixels that
have responsivity values within normal tolerances, but still exhibit large swings for small input
changes. These pixels are on the “verge” of being bad and often appear to be noisy. To find these
types of pixels the camera collects a number of frames and records the maximum and minimum
values across that sample set for each pixel. If the delta between max and min exceeds the Twinkler
max pixel value delta then the pixel is determined to be bad.
Since the responsivity test requires a gain coefficient, it is useless on NUC tables determine by the
One-Point Correction because those tables have a value of one (“1”) as the gain coefficients. The
Twinkler test can be done on either correction process.
The X-series camera uses the Nearest Neighbor algorithm for bad pixel replacement, a simple
replacement using an adjacent pixel. The adjacent pixel is picked using the pattern depicted below.
When a bad pixel is near an edge, those search positions are skipped.

5.4.3.2 Correction Tab

The Correction Tab contains all the controls needed to manage the on-camera NUCs. On-camera
NUCs are stored in two types of memory:
RAM memory. This type of memory is used to store NUCs that will be applied to live image data.
There is enough RAM memory for one NUC to be loaded for each Preset. This memory is volatile
and is lost when then camera is turned off. If a NUC was loaded into RAM, the camera will reload that
NUC from flash automatically when the camera is turned on if a Save State was performed.
Flash Memory. This type of memory is used as nonvolatile NUC storage. There is about 2GB of
flash memory available for storing NUCs. This is enough space to store >400 full frame NUCs.

NUC Controls
NUC Info. Displays camera parameters and statistics related

to the selected NUC
Perform NUC. Starts the NUC Wizard.
Updates the current NUC to flash memory
Load a NUC from flash to RAM memory.
Unload NUC from RAM memory. No on-camera NUC will be

applied to the data.
Apply NUC to video data. “Analog” is a legacy description.

This checkbox applies to all video outputs.
Apply NUC to Digital output (GigE, Camera Link)
Displays all pixels marked as “bad” as white dots on both the

analog and digital outputs.
When enabled, the camera will automatically drop the internal

flag and perform a NUC Offset Update when selected criteria
are met. The NUC update can be triggered on demand, by a
change in the internal temperature sensor or by a timer
Displays a list of NUCs stored in flash memory. User can

delete NUCs from flash memory as well as upload/download
NUCs (.NPK files) from the host PC.
Displays options for loading NUCs.

5.4.3.2.1 NUC Information

The button displays a list of camera parameters that are saved as part of the NUC as well as bad
pixel statistics. Note that there is a scroll bar that can be used to see the whole list. The Save button
allows the user to dump this list to a text file.
5.4.3.2.2 Load NUC Options

Typically, all of the camera configuration parameters are derived from the current Camera State.
When the camera is powered up, it loads the last saved camera state. The names of the NUCs are
stored as part of the state. Normally the NUC is performed with the settings that are eventually going
to be part of the state. If a NUC is loaded that has a setting that differs from the camera state, the
state will override the NUC. If the user wants the NUC setting to override the state, then “Load NUC
Options” can be set.

The default setting is to “Load Table Only”, in which case only the NUC coefficients are used from a
NUC file. When the user selects “Load Table and the Following Settings”, the user can select which
parameters from the NUC will override the current state. The option will not affect NUCs that are
currently loaded into RAM, only those NUCs that are subsequently loaded from Flash memory.
Unless a new state is saved, these override settings will not be remembered after a power cycle.
5.4.3.2.3 Performing a NUC
To create an on-camera NUC, select the Perform Correction icon to start the NUC Wizard for the
desired preset. If Preset Sequencing or Superframing is enabled, the camera will only perform the
NUC on the preset you select while keeping camera in the desired sequencing mode. To perform a
NUC operation on all active presets at the same time, press the NUC All Active Presets button. This
is convenient, for example, if you want to do an offset update to all presets with a single source.
NOTE: Due to differences in camera electronics and FPA timings it is important to perform the NUC
with the camera operating modes configured as it will be used when imaging.
After selecting the Perform Correction a second window comes up to allow the user to select
correction parameters. When all selections have been made, click Next>> to continue.

Correction (NUC) Types
Sets the gain terms to “1” and computes the offset terms.
One Point Uses a single NUC source. Does not compute a BP
correction.
Sets both the gain and offset terms. Uses two NUC
Two Point
sources. Computes a bad pixel correction.
Retains the current NUC gain terms and updates the offset
Offset Update terms. Uses a single NUC source. Retains the current bad
pixel (BP) correction.
Correction Sources
Use the internal flag as the NUC source. This is disabled

Internal Flag for 2-point NUC because the flag is not temperature
controlled
Use an external blackbody as the NUC source. Program

External Blackbody will prompt the user to place each source in front of the
camera. NUC source needs to fill the entire field of view.

Set the number of frames to average when computing NUC

coefficients. 16 is the default and works well for most
Number of frames
scenarios. The value can be to be 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or
128.
After configuring the correction parameters and selecting Next>> the next window allows the user to
set up the parameters used for the Bad Pixel Detection. For most cases, the default values will
produce a very good result. Once the parameters are set, select Next>> to continue.
The next window allows the user to name the NUC. Simply type in the name for the table in the text
box or select a previously saved file to replace it. Select Next>> to continue.
The next two screens will collect data from the NUC sources. If using the internal flag, you will only
see a few status messages. If using external blackbodies, you will be prompted. After each step,
click Next>> to continue.
The last screen gives a report of the bad pixels found. The dialog shows how many pixels failed in
each category. If the result is satisfactory, click Accept to save the NUC. The NUC table will be
stored to flash memory and loaded into RAM memory for that preset. If the NUC is poor and you want
to abort, click[Discard].

NOTE: It is possible for a bad pixel to fail more than one category, so the total bad pixels may be less
than the sum of each category. “Factory” bad pixels are those that were determined to be bad during
camera production testing.
5.4.3.3 Video Setup Tab

The X-series cameras have a 14-bit digital output. However, the video output is only 8-bit. An
Automatic Gain Control (AGC) algorithm is used to map the 14-bit digital to the 8-bit analog data. The
Video Tab provides controls related to optimizing the Analog video output. These controls affect
only the HD/SD video. The diagram below shows a flow chart of the video process and how the
parameters of this screen are used.
Plateau
GUI: Plateau P GUI: Palette
Scalar
GUI: Overlay
Uncorrected Data
Pallete Video
Mux Mux Overlay Analog Video
Scalar Encoder
Corrected Data
GUI: NUC’d Linear

GUI: Format
GUI: Bounds Scalar
GUI: Position
GUI: Brightness
GUI: AGC Mode GUI: Contrast
Video Flow

Analog Video Setup Options
Format HDMI/SDI: 1080p @ 29.9/25Hz, 720p @ 59.9/50Hz, NTSC, PAL,
Overlay Enables the video overlay.
Filter Rate Rate at which AGC is computed (1 to 20 Hz). Enable with checkbox
Rate at which AGC is allowed to change. This will keep the AGC from
responding rapidly to fast tridents changes. Specified as a fraction from
Dampening 0 to 1. This fraction is used as a weighting factor for the current AGC vs.
the newly computed AGC. Setting this to 0 will “lock” the AGC to its current
settings. Enable with checkbox.
Plateau: Uses a plateau equalization (PE) algorithm to scale the image

data for video display
DDE: Digital Detail Enhancement.
AGC Mode Manual Linear: Scales the image data to a windowed section of data range
as set by the user
Auto Linear: Same as Manual Linear except camera analyzes image and
sets limits at ~1% and 98% of the histogram.
Plateau P Scaling factor for the Plateau Equalization function

Note: Plateau P is only visible when AGC Mode>>Plateau is selected

Analog Video Setup Options

Bounds Sets the lower and upper data range to be scaled to on the video data.
Note: Bounds is only visible when AGC Mode>>Manual Linear is selected
Only visible when AGC is set to DDE. Selects the amount of enhancement
DDE Sharpness
processing.
Palette Allows user to select the color scheme to use on the analog video channel.
Allows user to set brightness and contrast on the video encoder. This
Brightness and occurs after the digital data has been scaled and converted to analog.
Contrast These controls don’t tend to have as much effect as the controls that are
applied to the digital side (before the video encoder).
The Manual Linear algorithm evenly distributes the grayscale values over the digital values. This
works fairly well if the image dynamic range is fairly evenly distributed but in general does not produce
high contrast imagery, but it also does not saturate or clip the hot and cold regions either. The
Plateau Equalization algorithm (also called PE) is a nonlinear AGC algorithm that uses the image
histogram to optimally map the 256 gray scales. This algorithm works well for most scenes, but it
works best when the scene has a “bi-modal” distribution (two clumps). It usually the most popular
because algorithm because it produces high contrast (but more saturated) video. The following
pictures illustrate the differences in AGC algorithms. (The data was captured from the digital output,
but the effect is similar for the analog side.)

One final note about the PE algorithm: it is very aggressive. It can pull detail out of very low contrast
imagery. It can also greatly enhance some very low-level NUC and FPA artifacts and noise if the
contrast is low enough. This does not necessarily mean there is a problem with either the camera or
the NUC.
5.4.3.4 Video ROI

The Video ROI feature allows the user to define a box region and only the pixels within the box will be
used to calculate the AGC coefficients. This is particularly useful if there is part of the scene that is
much higher or lower in intensity than the target of interest. The ROI is defined by entering the size
and position directly in the parameter fields or the user can use the mouse to drag the corners of the
green box to create the desired rectangular region.

5.4.3.5 Video Overlay Tab

The X-series cameras have a video overlay feature that can display a wide variety of camera status
indicators on the analog video. This lets an operator see the camera status without needing to have a
PC connected. The Video Overlay tab allows the user to control which parameters are displayed and
what colors are used. The position of the checkbox in the dialog box give the approximate location
the object will appear in the overlay. The position of the objects cannot be adjusted in the GUI, but
the SDK allow the user to completely customize the look of the overlay. Options that are grayed out
are either not supported by the camera or are not enabled in another part of the GUI. (For example,
Focus will be grayed out on X-series but not on the RS6700).

Video Overlay Options

Enable Overlay Turns the overlay On or Off without changing the selected options
Logo Displays the FLIR logo
Date Displays the system date stamp
Time Displays the system time stamp
Displays the accumulated camera “on” time (H:M). (Cannot be reset by
Hour Meter
user)
Zoom Display the level of Digital Zoom (x1, x2, x4), and position (C, F, O)
Front Panel Temp Displays the temperature of front panel sensor in °C
Displays the current temperature of air gap between front panel and internal
Air Gap Temp
chassis in °C
Internal Temp Displays the current temperature of the internal chassis in °C
Displays the ROI used to compute AGC values. Option is disabled if AGC
AGC ROI
ROI not enabled.
Flag Displays the NUC flag status
Palette Displays the current analog video palette name
Camera Info Displays camera model and serial number
IRIG Displays current IRIG time

Video Overlay Options

Status/Preset Displays sequencing mode and currently displayed preset
Displays FPA frame rate (in single Preset mode). Displays effective rate
Frame Rate
when Preset Sequencing (PS) or Superframing (SF)
Select All Selects all overlay options
Clear All Deselects all overlay options
Defaults Selects default overlay options (stored in current camera state)
Text Color Selects overlay text color
Text Background Selects overlay background color
AGC ROI Color Selects AGC ROI Color
Show Messages Displays special status messages
Clears current special status message display but new messages will be
Clear Message
displayed
5.4.3.6 Digital Tab

The Digital Tab allows the user to apply an additional gain and offset to the digital data.
The digital gain and offset stages are digital features of the camera that allow the corrected digital
output of the camera to be mapped to different output ranges. The following diagram illustrates the
position of these stages in the signal path:

x + Uncorrected Data
Bad Pixel
Detector x + 14-bit A/D x + Replacement x + Corrected Data
Algorithm
Analog Digital
Gain/Offset
X-series Signal Processing Chain

The analog FPA data is passed through an analog gain and offset stage that are factory-set to ensure
that the entire range of the FPA output is matched to the A/D input. This is shown in the figure below,
which plots the digital output of a typical camera against background photon flux. The actual scale of
the flux depends on integration time setting. The figure shows an example where the user desires to
operate the camera between two flux points such that these two limits use the entire 14 bit range.
With no global gain and offset adjustment these two points correspond to 3200 counts and 15800
counts for the low and high flux ranges respectively. Having obtained these numbers, we set the gain
to use the full 14-bit range:
16383
gain = = 1.30
15800 − 3200
Since the offset stage is after the gain stage, we calculate the offset value using the gain:
offset = −3200  gain = −4160
These values are then entered into the global gain and offset controls and the linearized (red curve)
transfer function shown is the result.
The available gain range is 1.999 to essentially zero; the available offset range is + 32767. The
default values are a gain of 1 and an offset of zero. Because the system sensitivity (NET) is set prior
to the A/D stages, there is no detrimental effect on performance from the use of the global gain and
offset controls.
18000
18000
As linearized
16000
16000
14000
14000
Typical camera
setup, gain = 1 12000
12000
offset = 0 10000
10000
8000
8000
6000
6000
4000
4000
desired operating range
2000
2000
0
0
Background flux
Use of global gain and offset to linearize the camera

5.4.3.7 Analog Tab

These parameters are set at the factory and are generally not adjusted by the user.

5.4.3.8 Misc Tab
5.4.3.9 Lockin Tab

The lockin feature is designed for a non-destructive testing technique, where a periodic thermal
excitation is applied to a part under test. An electrical signal that is synchronous with the excitation
mechanism is also sent into the lockin input port on the camera’s Auxiliary connector. This signal has
its mean amplitude value and its period measured by the camera, and the results are stored in the
image header metadata. An image sequence is acquired with this lockin metadata stored in the
image header for each frame. This metadata is used for a post-acquisition analysis that can pull very
weak signals out of the IR images and reveal defects in the part that are impossible to detect with
conventional IR imaging techniques.
The signal period is determined by measuring the time interval between signal crossings of the
digitizer midpoint value of 8192 counts, which is half of the 14-bit scale. The signal does not have to
have any particular shape to get its period measured – it just has to be periodic. The lockin input has
a 1.25 MHz sampling rate at 14 bits of depth, and selectable AC/DC coupling, with latency less than 1
microsecond. The input signal range is 0-5 volts. The frame period is the effective latency if it is
used as a regular input, since it is only updated once per frame. When not used as a lockin input, this
port still stores a value for each new image frame.

5.4.3.10 Saturation Detection

The camera can compare each pixel to a user defined threshold and count the number of pixels that
exceed that threshold. Once that count has been determined for the entire frame, it is compared to
threshold and sets a flag in the image header.
Uncorrected Data
Bad Pixel
Detector x + 14-bit A/D x + x + Replacement Corrected Data
Algorithm
Analog Digital
Gain/Offset
Number Pixel Crossings
> yes +
GUI: Count Threshold
GUI: Pixel Threshold
> Pixel Crossing Flag
Saturation Algorithm
Saturation Detection
One example of this feature is to use the information to adjust the integration time. If the A/D count
threshold is set to 75% of the full value (12,288) then the camera will count the number of pixels that
are within 25% of saturation. If a set number of pixels fit that criterion, then the integration period
should be lowered.
It is important to note the camera does not account for bad pixels when counting for saturation. When
determining the threshold, the user should account for the typical number of bad pixels.
5.4.3.10.1 Integrate Active Polarity

Sets the polarity (active high or low) of the Integrate Active signal on the camera rear chassis AUX
connector.
5.4.3.10.2 IRIG Latch

The X6900 and X8500 cameras place the IRIG time in the header for each frame of video. The
X6900 and X8500 can latch the IRIG data at the start of a frame, Frame Start, or in relation to the
integration time, Integration Start or Integration End. Depending on the frame process selected (see
Section 5.4.2.3.1.1) the Frame Start may indicate the time the integration starts or the time data is
being passed out the camera. Latching the IRIG time on Integration Start or End marks the time the
actual camera “exposure” occurred. The user should select the IRIG Latch value based on what
action within the camera they need to know the exact time of.
Figure 4-1: IRIG Latch Positions
5.4.3.10.3 Camera Temperatures

This part of the window displays the current temperature of the FPA, lens, and internal chassis temp
sensors. These values are automatically updated every few seconds. If all the values are not visible,
drag the corner of the controller window to make it larger.

5.4.4 SSD Page

The SSD (Solid State Drive) page allow the user to control the functions related to the on-board
recording functions. The X-Series cameras incorporate FLIR’s Digital Video Image Recorder (DV-IR)
system. The DV-IR system is a high-performance recording system that allow the user to record the
image stream at any frame rate supported by the camera with zero dropped frames.
The DV-IR system is comprised of two main components, the RAM buffer and the SSD drive storage.
The RAM buffer consists of 16GB of DDR-3 RAM. The RAM buffer is not removable but is volatile.
All data in the buffer is erased when the camera is powered off. Because the buffer is volatile it is
important that the camera power not be interrupted until the buffer data has been stored to another
non-volatile storage medium. The primary non-volatile storage mechanism is the integrated SSD
drive. The data in the buffer can also be played back over the camera’s other digital interfaces (GigE,
Camera Link, CoaXpress, SDI) so that it can be captured by external software or an external recorder.
The camera uses standard form factor flash drives used in PCs and laptops which can be obtained
from a variety of retail outlets. FLIR recommends the use of premium quality SSD drives as these will
typically have much faster read/write times.
SSD Functions
Arm Buffer. Press this button to prepare the system for a new
recording. Once “armed”, the buffer will be configured according
to the settings for Num Frames and Pretrigger frames. The
system will start recording if the Record button on this page is
pressed or if an external signal is applied to the RECORD input on

SSD Functions
the rear panel of the camera.
NOTE: Any data currently in the RAM buffer from a previous
recording WILL BE LOST once the system is re-armed.
Start Recording. Pressing this button will initial the recording of
live data to the RAM buffer. This button will be disabled until the
system is armed.
Playback. Playback the data currently stored in the RAM buffer.
This button is disabled during data recording. Data will be played
at the rate indicated in the “Playback Rate” control. Setting a rate
slower than the acquisition frame rate will result in a “slow-motion”
playback effect. The data playback will occur over all interfaces
simultaneously (GigE, Camera Link, CXP, video). Only Camera
Link and CXP can handle the full frame rate of the camera. GigE
will drop frames if the data playback is too fast.
Store data in RAM Buffer to SSD. This is the fastest way to
save the buffer. Speed will depend on SSD performance but with
a high performance SSD it typically takes about 1.5x the record
time to complete the save. The movie will be named according to
the text in the “Save Name” field. The name is optional as all
movies are also assigned a unique index number.
Display SSD Contents. If an SSD is installed, pressing this

button will display a list of movies it contains.
Sets the total number of images frames to be collected in the RAM

Num Frames
buffer. This includes pre-trigger frames.
Set the number of frames to record prior to the trigger event.
Once the recording system is armed, the camera will continuously
Pretrigger Frames write images to the RAM buffer. When the recording is triggered
(either by the REC button in the controller or using an external
trigger signal), the trigger frame is marked in the buffer.
Playback Rate The rate, in Hz that data is played back from the RAM buffer.
If enabled, RAM buffer playback will start immediately after the
Auto Playback
recording completes.
If enabled, the playback will loop continuously until stopped by the
Loop Playback
user.
If enabled, the RAM buffer will be automatically saved to the SSD
Auto Save
once the recording is completed.
The text name given to the movie. This will be displayed in the
SSD movie listing. Movies are organized on the SSD based on a
unique index number assigned by the camera. The name is
Save Name
optional and if the name is not changed the same name will be
given to multiple movies. The unique index will prevent that data
would be overwritten.

SSD Functions
These controls allow the user to precisely control the playback

limits. The start and stop frame can be set directly by the text
Playback Controls boxes. The handles at the end of the blue line can also dragged
by the mouse to set the limits. The gray bar controls the current
playback position. The box above displays the current frame and
can be edited to set the current frame manually. The handle on
the bar can be dragged using the mouse to set the current frame.
The buttons at the ends of the playback slider can be used to
advance/rewind a single frame at a time.
This button can be used to clear the SSD drive. It is NOT a
secure wipe. It only clears the Movie Allocation Table (MAT).
NOTE: Although movies can be individually deleted using the
Format Drive folder icon, this does not necessarily make more space available
for recording. In order to achieve consistent performance, the
recording system must start new recordings at the end of the last
recording.
Drive Size Indicates total drive capacity
Used Indicates space used by movies
Free Indicates space available for new recordings
Need Indicates space need to store data currently in RAM buffer
5.4.4.1 Installing the SSD

The SSD storage is removable. It is a commonly available 2.5 inch SATA solid-state drive. The drive
slot is located at the top of the camera’s rear panel, as shown below. The drive slot is normally
covered by a removable cap. To remove the cap, loosen the captive thumbscrews. The cap is mainly
needed to secure the SSD when transporting the camera, or if there is a possibility of vibration that
could unseat the drive. If the cap is not desired, it can be stored on the top of the camera, using the
screw holes located on the right side of the upper heatsink, below the handle. With the cap removed,
and no drive installed, the slot is still
covered by a spring-loaded door.
To install an SSD, insert the drive,
connector end first, into the slot.
Simply push the drive through the
spring loaded door until it seats in the
connector. The back of the drive will
protrude slightly. This allows the drive
to be gripped for removal. To remove
the drive, simply pull the drive out.
(There is no eject or release
mechanism).

The drive is hot-swappable and can be inserted or removed with the camera powered on or off. If the
camera is on the SSD light on the rear panel will illuminate when a drive is detected.
The only time the drive should not be removed is when data from the RAM buffer is being
written to the SSD.
Here is a typical commercially-available 2.5 inch SATA solid-state drive one can easily buy online for
the X-series. These 2.5 inch drives can be had up to 4TB:

6 – Interfaces
6 Interfaces
6.1 Mechanical Dimensions
Side view of X-Series cameras with 4-tab bayonet lens interface and filter wheel

6 – Interfaces

6 – Interfaces
Front and bottom view of X-Series cameras with filter wheel

6 – Interfaces
6.2 Electrical – X8500 and X6900 Series

The X8500 and X6900-Series cameras interface to the host computer through a variety of industry
standards and camera specific signals. All pinouts and connectors are commercial standard types. All
connections are on the back panel of the camera, as shown below. The last digit of the following
section numbers corresponds to the callout numbers on the picture below.
6.2.1 Power Switch
Illuminates when camera power is ON. Switch is mechanical and

retains its ON/OFF statues through a power cycle. Camera power
cannot be controlled remotely.

6 – Interfaces
6.2.2 Solid State Drive

The X-series cameras use a standard form factor 2.5 inch SSD that is used in PCs and laptops and
can be obtained from many retail outlets. A 512GB high performance SSD is provided with the
cameras, and SSD drives with capacities up to 4TB are available. Using a high performance SSD will
result in faster data transfers from RAM to the SSD.
The SSD is hot-swappable and can be removed at any time, EXCEPT when data from the RAM buffer
is being written to the SSD. To remove the drive, remove the SSD cover. The cover is held in place
by two thumb screws. The cover is optional but provides additional mechanical stability and provides
accidental drive removal. Cover can be stored using screw holes located on side of the top handle.
Then simply pull the drive from the slot. To insert the drive, insert the drive label up, connector end
first into the drive slot until you feel the connector seat.
6.2.3 Status Lights

The X8500 and X6900-Series cameras provide a set of status indicators on the back panel to give the
user some visual feedback on the camera operating state.
READY: When on, Camera electronics have completed boot up.

Camera is ready to accept commands.
COLD: When on, this indicates that the FPA has reached
operating temperature (<80K).
SSD: When on, this indicates that camera detects a Solid State
Drive (SSD) is inserted.

6 – Interfaces
6.2.4 Gigabit Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) is a common interface found in most PC’s.
The GigE interface can be used for image acquisition and/or
camera control. The GigE interface is GEV/GenICam compliant.
The GigE interface is the only digital data interface that cannot
support the full data rate of the camera. This is because the
camera maximum frame rate exceeds the bandwidth of GigE. It
can support up to 30Hz frame rates at full resolution in the X8500-
series cameras, and 125 fps in the X6900-series and X6800-series
cameras at full resolution.
6.2.5 MicroSD
Not currently implemented. Reserved for future use.
6.2.6 USB Client

The USB Client is a Command and Control port for user interface, and it can also be used for
firmware upgrades provided by FLIR. This port is USB2 compatible.
6.2.7 HDMI Video

When an HD video mode is selected, this output port is active. It is compatible with standard HDMI
cables.
Behind the rubber flap on the back of the X-Series

cameras there is a slot and two connectors as
described below (from top to bottom):
MicroSD Card: This is not currently implemented and
is reserved for future use.
USB Client: The USB Client is a Command and
Control port for the user interface. This connector
also can be used for firmware upgrades provided by
FLIR. This port is USB2 compatible.
HDMI Video: When an HD video mode is selected,
this output port is active. It is compatible with
standard HDMI cables.

6 – Interfaces
6.2.8 Power Interface

A 24VDC external AC-DC power converter is provided with the X-Series camera
systems as a standard accessory. Power supply specifications are:
AC Input voltage range: 100-250VAC 50/60Hz
Current draw: 24 VDC at up to 4.0 amps input to the camera
Converter dimensions: 6.25 inches x 3.5 inches x 2.75 inch (L x W x H)
Converter weight: approximately 1 lb.
X-Series Camera Power Input Pinouts

When using your own DC power supply, you should take note of the following
information:
Input voltage range: 24 volts DC nominal, 20-28V range
Current draw: 1.4 amps nominal steady state, 2.6 amps peak (during cool down)
X-Series camera power dissipation is <50 Watts steady state at nominal ambient
temperature.
Mating Connector: Fisher Connectors, S103A052-130+E31 103.1/5.7 +B. (FLIR PN
26399-000). The power cable should be 20AWG (stranded 10/30), 3 conductors, no
shield, max diameter of 0.223 inches. (Example: Alphawire PN 882003)
6.2.9 Camera Link® Video Output

Camera Link® is a standard data interface for high end visible and IR
cameras. The X-Series cameras use a Camera Link® Full interface in a 4-
tap, 16-bit configuration, at 85Mhz. In terms of ports, the A and B ports
are used with bit A0 being the LSB and bit B7 being the MSB of the data
transferred. The header row uses the entire 16-bit value while the pixel
data has a 14-bit range with the upper MSB’s masked to “0”.
Frame Valid
Line Valid Header Row Row 1 Row 2 Row N
Data Valid

6 – Interfaces
6.2.10 Auxiliary Connector/Breakout Cable

This connector provides access to a number of less commonly used input and output signals. The
inputs and outputs are easily accessed using the Aux Breakout Cable (P/N 4212860) supplied with
the camera. The camera auxiliary connector is a standard DB-26 (mating connector: Digikey PN
A31505-ND).
Pin Signal Level Cable Molded-In Label Connector Type

2 TX RS-232
4 RX RS-232 Serial DB9 Female connector
5 GND
10 INTEG ACTIVE TTL 10 BNC Male
11 GND
14 Reserved 14 BNC Male
15 DIG_IN0 3V/5V CMOS 15 BNC Male
21 TRIG_IN 3V/5V CMOS 21 BNC Male
22 GND
23 ANALOG_IN0 0-5V 23 BNC Male
24 ANALOG_IN1 0-5V 24 BNC Male
25 LOCKIN 0-5V 25 BNC Male
26 GND
Here is an image of the breakout cable, and a closeup of the molded-in number on Cable 20, which is
reserved for future capabilities:

6 – Interfaces

6 – Interfaces
6.2.11 Record Trigger
This input allows the user to use an external signal to start a

recording to the internal RAM buffer. The input looks for a 3.3V
CMOS “high” edge and is buffered to handle up to 5V. The LED
indicator will flash when the recorder is armed (from the camera
controller) and will be steady on during recording.
6.2.12 CoaXPress (CXP) Video Output [X6900/X8500 only]
CXP is a standard interface for high speed digital video data.

Unlike SDI, it can support flexible image sizes and frame rates. It
uses common 75-ohm coax cables. The better the cable, the
longer the transmission distance. The X8500 and X6900-Series
cameras support dual CXP links at 5Gbps.
6.2.13 Sync In
The Sync In can be selected, by the user, to operate as an

external Frame Sync to clock frames. It is a rising edge TTL signal
with selectable polarity. The minimum width is 160nS. The LED
will illuminate when a valid signal is present. (If the external sync
rate is <1 Hz, the LED may blink). Nominal operating voltage is 0
to 5.5V. The absolute maximum range is -0.5V to 6.5V. Vih=2V,
Vil=0.8V. Vih is the minimum voltage at which the camera will
interpret the signal as a “high” and Vil is the maximum voltage at
which the camera will interpret the signal as a “low”.

6 – Interfaces
6.2.14 HD-SDI [X6900/X8500 only]
HD-SDI is a standard HD video interface. This interface can

transmit either 1080p or 720p video over distances up to 300ft
using standard RG-59 coax. Although monitors with direct SDI
inputs are typically found in the broadcast industry, off-the-shelf
converters are available to convert SDI to HDMI for use with
standard TV monitors.
6.2.15 Composite Video Output [X6900/X8500 only]
Composite video out (BNC connector). User selectable to be

NTSC standard (640x480, 29.97Hz interlaced) or PAL standard
(640x512, 25Hz interlaced). Video supports user selectable color
palettes
6.2.16 Sync Out

This TTL single ended signal is normally synchronous with the
camera Sync In and can be used to synchronize other events to
the camera when the camera is in a free run mode. It is also used
in conjunction with the clock out signal to synchronize two X-Series
cameras in master-slave fashion. When used in this way, the
camera acting as the master makes appropriate adjustments to the
camera sync out signal to assure that the data output of the two
cameras is synchronized at the pixel level. This output is available
in both ITR and IWR mode. The polarity is selectable.

6 – Interfaces
6.2.17 Genlock Input [X6900/X8500 only]

The purpose of the Genlock input is to allow the X-Series cameras
to synchronize the active standard video output to an external
video signal. The X-Series cameras can Genlock to both SD and
HD video signals.
SD: If the current video output mode is for NTSC or PAL then the
video fed to the Genlock input must match.
HD: If the current video mode is 720p/59.9/50 or 1080p/29.9/25
then the Genlock input signal needs to match. The input video can
be HD-SDI or the Green channel of a component video (Tri-Sync).
The camera will detect which type of signal is being used.
The Genlock LED will illuminate if there is a valid signal on the
input and it matches the current camera video output type.
Because the camera itself can run at frame rates that can exceed
standard video, it is important to note that by itself, Genlock is only
synchronizing the standard video output to the Genlock input. If
you wish to lock the FPA clock to the Genlock input signal you
must also change the Sync Source from Internal to Video [Sec.
5.4.2.3.2]
6.2.18 IRIG Input [X6900/X8500 only]
An IRIG-B decoder is built into the camera to allow for time

stamping of each frame as well as support triggered data
acquisition at user programmed times. The IRIG clock can decode
IRIG-B-AM. Optimal format is B122 but other B12x formats should
work, however, extra data (such as the year) will not be decoded.
The LED will illuminate when camera is locked to an external IRIG
signal.

6 – Interfaces
7 Filter Wheel
The X-Series cameras have a 4-position, motorized, warm filter wheel. The wheel sits between the
lens and the detector warm window. The filter wheel can be seen by removing the lens as shown in
the picture below.
The filter wheel can be controlled from the camera controller [Sec. 5.4.2.4.2]. The filters are held in a
removable holder (shown below). Each holder can hold one filter up to 2mm thick, or two filters with a
combined thickness of 2mm.
The camera keeps track of what filters are in the wheel by sensing a
set of magnets installed in the holder. The camera scans the wheel on
boot up (or on demand). The filter page in the camera controller
displays the detected filter IDs. If a factory calibration range is
selected that requires a filter, the camera will automatically search the
wheel for that filter and put it in the field of view.
In most cases the filter wheel will be populated at the factory. If a user
has more filters than can fit in the wheel at one time, it is easy to swap
a filter. To do this you will need the filter wrench that is included in the
shipping case with each camera. It looks like the picture to the right.
To remove a filter, first remove the camera lens, so you can see the
filter wheel. Then, go to the Setup>>Filter/Flag page in the controller and press the “C” button next to
the filter you wish to change. The camera will put this filter in front of the detector, where it can be
seen. Each filter holder has two holes (located between filter ID slots 1&2 and 4&5, at the 3 o’clock
and 9’oclock positions when installed). Insert the two pins on the wrench into these holes. Twist
gently a few degrees counter-clockwise and you will feel the holder click free of the retention springs.

6 – Interfaces
Gently pull the wrench from the camera and the filter holder should stay with the wrench.
To install the new filter, put the holder on the wrench, with the ID numbers facing you. Align the
notches (between ID positions 0&1 and 4&3) with the retention springs and seat the holder in the
wheel so that the front of the holder is flush with the wheel. Turn gently (but firmly) a few degrees
clockwise until you feel the holder click into position. On the Setup>>Filter/Flag page of the
controller, press the scan button to refresh the filter list in the camera.

8 – Specifications
8 Specifications
8.1 Interface
AC Power 90-230VAC, 50-60 Hz (using FLIR 24123-000 power supply)
Control Gigabit Ethernet, USB, Camera Link Serial, CXP or RS-232
• NTSC/PAL selectable, BNC, 75Ω, 1V pk-pk

Standard Video Outputs
• HDMI (720p 50/59.94, 1080p 25/29.97)
(where applicable)
• HD-SDI (720p 50/59.94, 1080p 25/29.97)
Frame Sync In TTL singled ended, BNC, selectable polarity, >160ns pulse width
Frame Sync Out TTL singled ended, BNC, selectable polarity, 160ns pulse width
Trigger In TTL singled ended, AUX, selectable polarity, >160ns pulse width
Integration Out TTL singled ended, AUX, selectable polarity
SD: Composite sync input, field and lines sync of video output
Genlock In
HD: HD-SDI or Tri-level Sync
IRIG-B in IRIG-B-AM, B122 format, BNC
14-bit Camera Link Full, and Gigabit Ethernet, Dual-link CXP @

Digital Video Out
5Gbps
Optical Interface FLIR HDC bayonet
Sealed enclosure with integral forced air heat exchanger; bottom

Thermal Interface mounting surface provides direct heat path for low atmospheric
pressure environments
2 (two) ¼-20 tripod screws; 1 (one) 3/8-16 professional tripod

Mechanical Interface
screw; 4 (four) 10-24 mount holes. 3x ¼-20 screws each side
8.2 Windowing Capacity

X6800/X6900: 32 columns x 4 rows
Minimum Window Size
X8500: 64 columns x 4 rows
Windowing Step Size
Maximum Window Size
Window Offset Step Size 32 columns; 4 rows

8.3 Acquisition Modes and Features

Frame Rate (X6800):
Max at Full Window 520.91 Hz (< 1.906mS Integration Width)
Max at Minimum Window 23076.92 Hz (<30uS Integration Width)
Minimum 1.45mHz
Resolution 90nS
Frame Rate (X6900):

Max at Full Window 1004 Hz ( < 0.996mS Integration Width)
Max at Minimum Window 29113 Hz ( < 34.3uS Integration Width)
Minimum 1.45mHz
Resolution 90nS
Frame Rate (X8500):

Max at Full Window 181 Hz ( < 5.52mS Integration Width)
Max at Minimum Window 6026 Hz ( < 166uS Integration Width)
Minimum 1.45mHz
Resolution 90nS
Pixel Rate (burst) 355 MHz
Integration Width
Maximum >98% selected frame time (1/frame rate)
Minimum 270 nanoseconds
Resolution 90 nanoseconds
• Genlock: synchronizes composite video to external

composite video source or HDMI/SDI to external SDI or
“Y” signal from component signal (Not available in
X6800)
Synchronization Modes
• Frame Sync Starts Integration: synchronizes FPA
integration to external sync source
• Frame Sync Starts Readout: synchronizes FPA data
readout to external sync source
• 4 presets programmable for 1 to 4,294,967,295 frames

each
Preset Sequencing
• Preset sequence programmable for up to 4,294,967,295
sequences per triggered event
Digital Video Output Selectable:

• Raw digital video (14-bits)

• Gain and offset (NUC) corrected (14-bits)
• NUC with bad pixel replaced (14-bits)
Variable, per preset

Digital Gain and Offset • Global Gain: 0→3.9; 2-14 resolution
• Global Offset: ± full A/D resolution

8.4 Analog Video

Selectable
Video Output • HD-SDI (Not available in X6800)

• HDMI
• NTSC/PAL composite (Not available in X6800)
Selectable
Data Output • Raw, uncorrected
• Corrected
MGC Linear scaled with user controlled gain and offset
Selectable
• DDE
AGC
• Plateau based equalization
• Linear equalization
User controlled damping factor

AGC Filter
User controlled update rate
Display ROI ROI of camera image can be selected and displayed
Overlay Available on all standard video outputs
Selectable
Palettes • Grayscale
• Various color palettes
Selectable
• x1/2
Zoom • x1
• 4:3 (SD to HD)
• x2
• x4
Temporal Filter • N/A
Brightness and Contrast

User controlled to increase or decrease
(analog video)
Video Boresight +/- 16 rows

8.5 Performance Characteristics

Continuous Cool Down: 50 VA
Power Consumption Continuous Normal: 41 VA

FLIR PWR Supply @ 120VAC
Continuous Normal w/NUC Flag: 75 VA
Continuous Cool Down: 24 Watts
Power Consumption Continuous Normal: 21.25 Watts

Camera DC Power @ 24VDC
Continuous Normal w/NUC Flag: 36 Watts
Cool-Down Time ≈7 minutes to reach operating temperature
Sensitivity (w/o optics)

InSb: <20mK (18 mK typ.)
NEΔT1
SLS: <45mK (40 mK typ.)
InSb:
-20°C to 350°C (-4°F to 662°F)
45°C to 600°C (113°F to 1,112°F
250°C to 2000°C (482°F to 3,632°F)
Factory Calibration
Temperature Measurement 500°C to 3,000°C (932°F to 5,432°F)
Ranges SLS:
-20°C to 650°C (-4°F to 1,202°F)
250°C to 1,500°C (482°F to 3,632°F)
500°C to 3000°C (932°F to 5,432°F)
± 1°C or ± 1% of reading
0°C to +3000°C (17mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm, 200mm
Factory Calibration Lenses)
Temperature Measurement
± 2°C or ± 2% of reading
Accuracy2
-20°C to 0°C (17mm, 25mm, 50mm, 100mm, 200mm lenses)
-10°C to +500°C (1X & 4X Closeup lenses)
1) NET is at 50% nominal bucket fill, 298K background, + 5oC signal
2) Assuming ideal laboratory conditions (close range, known high emissivity targets, stabilized camera and lens temperatures) and
only if the lens and camera are matched, i.e. not a 3-5 micron lens on a broadband camera.
8.6 Non Uniformity Correction

One Point (offset value with unity gain)
NUC Types Two Point (offset and gain values, non-volatile)
Two Point w/Bad Pixel Detection/Replacement

Update Offset (recalculates offset using current gain, volatile)

Internal: TE controlled flag
NUC Source
External: Any user supplied source which covers entire window
Bad Pixel Replacement Two-Point Gradient, or nearest neighbor
4 active NUC’s in preset selectable form
Number of NUC’s
Greater than 24 full frame NUC’s saved in camera memory
NUC Time < 5 seconds
NUC Performance Residual Non-Uniformity: 0.1%
8.7 Detector/FPA
Spectral Response Xxx00sc/xx02: 1.5-5um; Xxx01/xx03: 3-5um
Detector Type InSb or Type 2 SLS
Detector f/# f/2.5 or f/4
X6800/X6900: ISC0804
Supported ROIC
X8500: ISC1308
Integration Mode Snapshot
X6800/X6900: 640x512
Format (HxV)
X8500: 1280x1024
Operability >99.5%, 99.9% typical
X6800/X6900: 11.0 x 106 carriers

Charge Handling
X8500 (InSb) : Gain 0: 3.0 x 106 carriers
Capacity
X8500 (SLS) : Gain 1: 11.5 x 106 carrier
X6800/X6900: 25 microns
Detector Pitch
X8500: 12 microns
Detector Cooling Linear Sterling Cooler
8.8 General Characteristics

Size
Length 249 mm (9.8 inches), not including lens or lens cover
Width 156 mm (6.2 inches)
Height 201 mm (7.9 inches) w/ handle, 147 mm (5.8 inches) w/o handle
Weight 6.4 kg (14 lbs.), not including lens or lens cover
Temperature
Operating -20C to +50C

Storage -55C to +80C
Shock 40 g’s, 11msec half sine pulse
Vibration 4.3 g's RMS random vibration, all three axes
Humidity <95% relative humidity, non-condensing
Altitude 0 to 40,000 feet operational, 0 to 70,000 feet non-operational
Operating Orientation No restriction in orientation

9 – Maintenance
9 Maintenance
9.1 Camera and Lens Cleaning
9.1.1 Camera Body, Cables and Accessories
The camera body, cables and accessories may be cleaned by wiping with a soft cloth. To remove
stains, wipe with a soft cloth moistened with a mild detergent solution and wrung dry, then wipe with a
dry soft cloth.
Do not use benzene, thinner, or any other chemical product on the camera, the cables or the
accessories, as this may cause deterioration.
9.1.2 Lenses
It is recommended that all optics be handled with care and the need for cleaning is eliminated or at
least reduced. If, however, cleaning is deemed necessary, the methods herein are accepted industry
standards and should yield good results.
Before you BEGIN:
Identify the type of optic to be cleaned.
▫ Is it hard or soft material?
▫ Is it coated & with what?
How is it contaminated?
▫ Particulate or film or both.
Set a standard of cleanliness.
▫ What is clean enough?
▫ Establish & document a standard.
Know your solvent.
▫ Read the MSDS
▫ See recommended solvents
Assemble your supplies:
▫ Latex gloves
▫ Clean, well-lit work area
▫ Inspection light
▫ Lens tissue or cloth
▫ Dust bulb or filtered air
▫ Proper solvent
▫ Solvent dispenser
The Drag Wipe Method:
Set-up a clean area to work from with an anti-roll barrier around the edge to prevent anything from
leaving the table.
Use a clean, lint free cloth or lens tissue.
Wear latex gloves - clean them with alcohol or detergent before handling optic.

9 – Maintenance
NEVER touch the face of the optic with your fingers.

Cover the optic and store in a dry - dust free area immediately after cleaning.
1. Blow or brush loose particles from surface. Don’t let them contaminate your work area. Use
air from a can or a filtered source.
2. Apply solvent directly to your cloth. Use slow, even, light pressure working from edge to edge
across the optic.
Recommended Solvents
Material Solvent
Fused Silica 1,2,3,4 Zinc Selenide 1,2,4
BK-7 1,2,3,4 Zinc Sulfide 1,2,4
Optical Crown Glass 1,2,3,4 Sapphire 1,2,3,4
Zerodur 1,2,3,4
Calcium Fluoride 1,2,4 Coated Optics
Magnesium Fluoride 1,2,4 Dielectric coating 1,2,3,4
Sodium Chloride Nitrogen Interference filters 3
Potassium Chloride Nitrogen Soft metallic coating Air only
Potassium Bromide Nitrogen Hard/Protected metallic 1,2,3,4
Thallium Bromoiodide Nitrogen
1] Water free Acetone

2] Ethanol
3] Methanol
4] Isopropanol

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X-Series Science Camera

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Document Number: 4221772

X-Series User’s Manual 2

1 REVISION HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................... 6

X-Series User’s Manual 3

X-Series User’s Manual 4

7 FILTER WHEEL ................................................................................................................................................. 81

X-Series User’s Manual 5

X-Series User’s Manual 6

2.1 Camera System Components

Description FLIR Part Number

2.2 Camera Models

X-Series User’s Manual 7

Model Description FLIR Part Number

2.3 System Overview

X-Series User’s Manual 8

2.4 Key features of the X-Series science cameras

Adjustable Digital Gains and Offsets

The X6800 camera supports:

Multiple Video Outputs

The X6800 cameras have the following video outputs:

Support for Camera Link Full or CoaXpress interfaces

X-Series User’s Manual 10

X-Series User’s Manual 11

3 Warnings and Cautions

Warnings and Cautions:

X-Series User’s Manual 12

X-series User’s Manual 13

Item Category Description

The X6800 series cameras have fewer connections:

X-series User’s Manual 14

Item Category Description

X-series User’s Manual 15

Item Category Description

X-series User’s Manual 16

5 X-Series Camera Controller

X-series User’s Manual 17

5.1 Online Help

5.2 Menu Bar

Saves the camera state to the current (name).

Saves the current camera state to a name chosen

Load State Load a state from flash memory.

Manage States Rename or delete states from camera memory.

Loads factory defaults for all camera Settings and

5.2.1 Tools Menu

Filter Info Shows ID info for filters in wheel

Set Time Options for setting time

User Mode Select Basic or Advanced mode

Set PC Time to Sets the PC clock to the time from the

X-series User’s Manual 18

Camera Time camera IRIG clock.

Sets the camera RTC/IRIG clocks to the

Allows user to manually set the IRIG and

Provides a limited subset of controls. All

User Mode >>

X-series User’s Manual 19

5.2.1.1 Advanced Time Controls