____Name________________________________

Yr., Sec., & Course__________________________ Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

I. Matching Type
Set A DNA Replication Components required in DNA replication in prokaryotes are listed in Column I. Identify
the counterpart component in eukaryotes in Column II and its role in DNA Replication
Column III.

Column I Column II Column III

1. DNA polymerase III A. FEN1 and RNase H AA. It controls the attachment and detachment
2. DnaA B. Replication factor C of replicating enzyme from the DNA template
3. DnaB C. Replication protein A strand.
4. oriC D. DNA polymerase δ BB. It synthesizes primers at the lagging and
5. Single-strand binding proteins E. DNA polymerase α leading strand.
6. 5’→3’ exonuclease activity F. ARSs CC. The binding of this protein induces “melting”
7. 13-bp & 9-bp repeats G. Telomerase at the origin of replication.
8. β subunit H. Subdomain B2 & B3 DD. It catalyzes the removal of primers in
9. γ complex I. ARS binding factor 1 lagging strand.
10. Primase J. PCNA EE. It is responsible for the unwinding of DNA in
K. none of the choices replication fork.
FF. It protects single-stranded DNA from
nuclease attack.
GG. It uses DNA as a template to synthesize new
DNA in a 5’→3’ direction.
HH. It holds the template tightly to the
replicating enzyme.
II. These are sequences within the origin of
replication that serve as binding sites for proteins
involve in initiation stage of DNA replication.
JJ. It relieves torsional strain brought by
unwinding the DNA
KK. It is the start point of DNA replication.
Match Column I with Column II.

COLUMN I COLUMN II

Set B Transcription
11. These are target sequences in the DNA that serves as point of A. 7-methyl GTP
attachment for RNA polymerases. B. Poly-A
12. A eukaryotic protein factor that recognize core promoter sequences C. RNA polymerase II
in DNA. D. RNA polymerase I
13. RNA polymerase that is responsible for transcribing protein-coding E. Antitermination
genes. F. Intrinsic terminators
14. A stable hairpin structure in the RNA promotes dissociation of RNA G. Extrinsic terminators
polymerase, primary transcript and DNA template. H. Promoter region
15. It acts as an initiation and elongation factor for eukaryotic RNA I. TFIID
polymerase. J. TFIIF
16. A process when the RNA polymerase ignores a termination signal
and continues elongating its transcript.
17. It is added at the extreme 5’-end of eukaryotic mRNAs.

SET C Translation
18. The initiation codon is recognizable due to this short consensus A. 70S or 80S ribosome
sequence in the mRNA. B. Ribosome recycling factor
19. It coordinates protein synthesis by placing the mRNA, aminoacyl- C. EF-Tu or eEF-1
tRNAs and associated protein factors in their correct position relative D. EF-G or eEF-2
to one another. E. Kozak sequence
20. This elongation factor that carries the appropriate aminoacyl-tRNA to F. Shine-Dalgarno sequence
the ribosome. G. RF-1
21. It is a protein complex responsible for dissociating the ribosome H. RF-2
units after the translation has been terminated. I. Peptidyl transferase
22. It is a protein complex comprises of eIF-4A, eIF-4E and eIF-4G that J. Translocase
associates with the 5’end of the mRNA. K. Polyadenylate-binding protein
23. It provides an energy source for the translocation phase in L. Cap binding complex
translation.
24. It is a prokaryotic release factor that recognize termination codons
5’-UAA-3’ and 5’-UAG.-3’
25. It is a ribozyme found in 23S rRNA of the large subunit which
catalyzes bond formation between the two amino acids.
II. Modified TRUE or FALSE
Write T if the statement if True. Otherwise, change the underlined word(s) to make the statement correct.

1. Replication of the lagging strand has to be carried out in a semicontinuous manner.

2. Recruitment of primase to the pre-priming complex results to the formation of replisome.
3. Okazaki fragments are short DNA segments synthesized in the lagging strand.
4. The ‘sense’ DNA strand is used as a template for the mRNA synthesis.
5. Activation of RNA polymerase II requires dephosphorylation of S, T, and Y residues at its C-terminal domain.
6. In transcription, the first nucleotide incorporated into the RNA chain is a purine base.
7. The primary transcripts produced in bacteria are the mature mRNAs ready for translation.
8. Bacterial cells use one type of RNA polymerase to transcribe all classes of RNA.
9. Wobble base-pairing occurs between the base at 5’-end in the codon and the base at 3’-end in the anticodon.
10. The amino acid attached to initiator-tRNA of eukaryotes is formylated.
11. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases bind amino acids to the 2’-OH group of the terminal nucleotide of the tRNAs.
12. Prokaryotic ribosome comprises two subunits, 50S and 30S to make 80S ribosome.
13. The 16S rRNA from the 50S ribosomal subunit contains base sequences complementary to the Shine-Dalgarno
sequence.
14. In the pre-initiation complex of eukaryotes, initiator-tRNA binds to ribosome without the presence of mRNA.
15. Incoming aminoacyl-tRNA will occupy the aminoacyl site in the 50S ribosomal unit.

III. Analysis
1. A space probe returns from Jupiter and brings a new microorganism for study. It has a double-stranded DNA as
its genetic material. However, studies of replication of the alien DNA reveal that, while the process is
semiconservative, DNA synthesis is continuous on both the leading and the lagging-strand templates. What
conclusion(s) can you draw from that result?

2. Transcription of gene X is controlled by transcription factor A (TFA). Gene X is only transcribed when factor A is
phosphorylated. Data on the tissue distribution of TFA and the activities of a protein kinase and a protein
phosphatase specific for TFA are presented on the table below. What tissue will gene X be expressed? Explain.

Protein Protein
Tissue Factor A kinase phosphatase
activity activity
Muscle + - -
Heart + + -

3. Complete the following table. Label the 5’ and 3’ ends of DNA and RNA and the amino and carboxyl ends of the
protein. Assume it is read left to right and the columns represent transcriptional and translational alignments. Use
the codon table in the ppt as your reference.