Doc. No.

METAL FORGINGS Date:

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PRIVATE LIMITED Page 1of 3

(AN I.S.O. 9001-2008 COMPANY)

METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION – INCLUSION RATING EVALUATION

1) Scope:-
 This specification outlines the procedures to be adopted for evaluation of the
inclusion rating of carbon, alloy and stainless steel samples representing the
heats used in the making of the forgings.
 The test heads from the broken tensile test specimen shall be used for preparing
the specimen for evaluating the inclusion rating.
 This procedure is based on ASTM E 45 and IS 4163 standards.

2) Equipment & Accessories:-

 Polishing emery papers of grits 180, 320, 400, 500 and 600 grit.
 polishing cloth, Lavigated Alumina polishing paste, Disc Polishing machine
 Metallurgical microscope

3) Polishing Of Sample:-
 First identify the face of the test head parallel to the direction of grain flow in
the forging it represents. This face is to be taken for polishing and examination.
 If the area of the face is large, the sample may be got cut to reduce the polishing
area on a band saw machine. Cutting shall be done with good coolant
circulation to avoid heating up of the sample. Gas cutting shall not be done to
reduce the sample size. A polished area of 160 sq mm would be sufficient to
make a proper evaluation.
 Polish the sample by hand on 180 grit emery paper till the scratches are
oriented in a parallel direction.
 Rotate the sample at right angle and continue the hand polishing the specimen
on 320 grit emery paper such that the new finer scratches are again parallel.
 Continue the polishing successively with 400, 500 and 600 grit emery papers
ensuring that at
Each stage the scratches are at right angles to the original orientation.

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(ANpolish
 Finally I.S.O.the9001-2008 COMPANY)
sample on sylvet cloth on the polishing machine using
lavigated alumina Suspension as the polishing medium to get a mirror finish.
Remove the excess alumina using distilled water and dry the polished sample.
Clean with a cotton moistened with alcohol.

4) Examination and Evaluation:-

 Place the polished sample on the microscope stage. Ensure that the surface to
be examined is parallel to the microscope stage. If required, keep the polished
specimen on plasticize placed on a flat disc with the polished face on top and
make the surface level with the specimen leveling press.
 Keep the specimen along with the disc on the microscope stage. View the
surface at 100x magnification and focus properly.
 Examine the entire polished surface and for each type of inclusion make a note
of the reference number indicated in the standard diagram which corresponds to
the worst field examined in the thin, thick and over size series.
 The results are recorded indicating the reference number of the worst field, the
presence of thick inclusions being indicated by the letter e, the presence of
oversize inclusions being indicated by the letter s.
 The results shall be reported to the customer as specified in the purchase order.

AMMENDMENT LIST
Sr.No Doc. No. Rev. Amendmen Change In Document
. No. t date

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