 Physical and chemical changes or reactions that occur within the body

are collectively known as

o A. 
Metabolism
o B. 
Physiology
o C. 
Assimilation
o D. 
Excretion

 
 2.
Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of
complexity?
o A. 
Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, systems
o B. 
Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, systems
o C. 
Organs, organelles, systems, cells, tissues
o D. 
Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems

 
 3.
Homeostasis is defined as the
o A. 
Ability of human beings to keep body weight within normal limits
o B. 
Maintenance of a constant external temperature inside a room
o C. 
Ingestion of enough food to keep hunger pains from developing
o D. 
Tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment
  
 4.
How is oxygen used by living organisms?
o A. 
It controls the amount of heat produced
o B. 
Its a source of energy
o C. 
It is used to release energy that is stored in food
o D. 
It is part of water and is necessary to keep organisms hydrated

 
 5.
Which of the following organs is located in the abdominopelvic cavity?
o A. 
Heart
o B. 
Trachea
o C. 
Thymus gland
o D. 
Kidney

 
 6.
The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the
o A. 
Visceral pleura
o B. 
Parietal pleura
o C. 
Visceral pericardium
o D. 
 Parietal pericardium

 
 7.
A section that separates the body in to right and left portions would be the
o A. 
Frontal section
o B. 
Transverse section
o C. 
Coronal section
o D. 
Sagittal section

 
 8.
The thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity?
o A. 
Dorsal (posterior)
o B. 
Ventral (anterior)
o C. 
Superior
o D. 
Inferior

 
 9.
When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is
not true?
o A. 
The face is forward
o B. 
The arms are at the sides
o C. 
 The palms are facing backward
o D. 
The body is erect

 
 10.
A mechanism functioning to maintain a stable internal environment is most
likely to involve
o A. 
Positive feedback
o B. 
Negative feedback
o C. 
A vicious circle
o D. 
None of the above

 
 11.
A parietal membrane __________, where as a visceral membrane
______________.
o A. 
Covers organs; lines cavities
o B. 
Lines cavities; covers organs
o C. 
Is thick; is thin
o D. 
Secretes mucous;secretes serous fluid

 
 12.
The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 13.
The elbow is distal to the wrist.
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 14.
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
o A. 
A+B --> C+D
o B. 
A+B -->AB
o C. 
AB-->A+B
o D. 
C+D-->AB

 
 15.
Electrolytes are substances that
o A. 
Form covalent bonds with water
o B. 
Ionize when dissolved in water
o C. 
Cannot conduct electricity in solution
o D. 
Are not found in the human body in any appreciable amounts.

 
 16.
The pH scale measures the
o A. 
Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
o B. 
Amounts of salts dissolved in water
o C. 
Number of hydroxyl ions in water
o D. 
Strength of an electrical current carried by a solution

 
 17.
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
o A. 
Release of energy
o B. 
Digestion of food particles
o C. 
Growth of body parts
o D. 
Neutralization of acids by buffers

 
 18.
A covalent bond is characterized by
o A. 
One atom sharing and another atom gaining electrons
o B. 
Atoms sharing pairs of electrons
o C. 
Oppositely charged atoms being attracted to each other
o D. 
All of the above
  
 19.
Lipids are characterized by
o A. 
A group of substances that are insoluble in water.
o B. 
A number of compounds such as phospholipids, cholesterol and fats.
o C. 
Fat molecules containing C, H, & O but the proportion of oxygen is much smaller than in
carbohydrates.
o D. 
All of the above.

 
 20.
The general characteristics of proteins are that they
o A. 
Serve as structural materials, energy sources, and chemical messengers.
o B. 
Contain C, H, O and N, and sometimes sulfur.
o C. 
Can act as enzymes
o D. 
All of the above.

 
 21.
An enzyme is defined as a
o A. 
Protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted.
o B. 
Protein that functions as a hormone
o C. 
Protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted
o D. 
Fibrous protein that is used to help build certain tissues in the body

 
 22.
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
o A. 
Cations
o B. 
Anions
o C. 
Salts
o D. 
Buffers

 
 23.
Water causes substances formed with ionic bonds to
o A. 
Bond more strongly
o B. 
Dissociate
o C. 
Degrade
o D. 
Denature

 
 24.
Which of the following is not hydrophilic?
o A. 
Carbohydrates
o B. 
Lipids
o C. 
 Proteins
o D. 
Nucleic acid

 
 25.
The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost an electron
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 26.
Glycogen is a complex polysaccharide that is synthesized by the body
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 27.
The endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a
o A. 
Formless liquid
o B. 
Cellular inclusion
o C. 
Network of interconnected membranes
o D. 
Membranous sac

 
 28.
 The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon
the presence of
o A. 
Osmotic pressure
o B. 
Hydrostatic pressure
o C. 
Atmospheric pressure
o D. 
None of the above

 
 29.
Which of the following processes involves the use of specific carrier
molecules?
o A. 
Phagocytosis
o B. 
Pinocytosis
o C. 
Active transport
o D. 
Dialysis

 
 30.
If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the
concentration inside,
o A. 
Water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
o B. 
Water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis
o C. 
Glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
o D. 
 Glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis

 
 31.
Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the resulting cells contain
o A. 
Identical chromosomes
o B. 
Identical DNA information
o C. 
Both identical chromosomes and DNA information
o D. 
None of the above.

 
 32.
The 2 major components of the cell membrane are
o A. 
Lipids and carbohydrates
o B. 
Proteins and carbohydrates
o C. 
Lipids and proteins
o D. 
Carbohydrates and polysaccharides

 
 33.
The cell membrane functions to
o A. 
Maintain wholeness of the cell
o B. 
Control the entry and exit of various substances
o C. 
Provide a barrier to water soluble substances
o D. 
All of the above

 
 34.
Which of the following is not a factor that influences the rate of diffusion?
o A. 
The distance of diffusion
o B. 
The concentration of the substance
o C. 
The amount of energy available for transport molecules
o D. 
The molecular weight of the diffusing molecules

 
 35.
What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
o A. 
Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances.
o B. 
Both involve the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
o C. 
Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane
o D. 
Both involve the movement of a substance from regions of higher concentration to lower
concentration without cellular energy.

 
 36.
What occurs if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
o A. 
The cell will shrink
o B. 
The cell will swell and may eventually burst
o C. 
Nothing; the cell will remain the same size and shape
o D. 
Only permeable substances will leave the cell; otherwise the concentrations within the cell
do not change

 
 37.
In what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes duplicate?
o A. 
Prophase
o B. 
Interphase
o C. 
Metaphase
o D. 
Telophase

 
 38.
Which of the following is isotonic to red blood cells?
o A. 
0.9% NaCl solution
o B. 
Distilled water
o C. 
0.9% glucose solution
o D. 
None of the above

 
 39.
A selectively permeable membrane is defined as one that
o A. 
Allows all substances to pass through
o B. 
Allows all organic substances to pass through but excludes all inorganic substances
o C. 
Allows some substances to pass through and excludes others
o D. 
Is leaky or allows substances to leak through

 
 40.
Which of the following organelles has its structures and function correctly
described?
o A. 
Endoplasmic reticulum: network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and canals;
packages proteins molecules
o B. 
Ribosomes: membranous vesicles; contains digestive enzymes
o C. 
Golgi apparatus: particles composed of protein and RNA; synthesizes proteins
o D. 
Mitochondrion: nonmembranous structure that synthesizes proteins

 
 41.
Osmosis is defined as the movement of
o A. 
Molecules from high concentration to a low concentration
o B. 
Water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively
permeable membrane
o C. 
Water molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration through a selectively
permeable membrane
o D. 
Ions from a low pressure region to a high pressure region through a selectively permeable
membrane

 
 42.
The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a
solution is
o A. 
The lower the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure
o B. 
The greater the number of solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure
o C. 
The greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of solute particles
o D. 
The greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure

 
 43.
A hypertonic solution
o A. 
Has a greater concentration of solute particles than the cells in the solution
o B. 
Would cause cells in the solution to lose water or become shrunken
o C. 
Has greater osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution
o D. 
All of the above

 
 44.
Lipids are synthesized in
o A. 
The Golgi apparatus
o B. 
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum
o C. 
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
o D. 
The liver
  
 45.
Cytoplasm occurs between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope of a
cell
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 46.
A cell that secretes a large quantity of protein, would have a larger number of
lysosomes for this function
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 47.
A 5% glucose solution is isotonic to human cells
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 48.
The movement of sodium ions from a region of lower concentration inside a
cell  toward a region of higher concentration outside the cell is accomplished
by
 
 49.
 The outer membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum has organelles
called __________ attached to it.
 
 50.
In dehydration synthesis of a carbohydrate,
o A. 
Larger molecules are decomposed into smaller ones
o B. 
Monosaccharides become joined together
o C. 
Water molecules become joined to monosaccharide molecules
o D. 
The molecule is decomposed in to CO2 and H2O

 
 51.
When a sucrose molecule is decomposed to yield a glucose molecule and a
fructose molecule,
o A. 
The process involves dehydration synthesis
o B. 
A water molecule is released
o C. 
A water molecule is used
o D. 
None of the above

 
 52.
The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the
o A. 
Cytoplasm
o B. 
Mitochondria
o C. 
Nucleus
o D. 
All of the above

 
 53.
Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
o A. 
The synthesis of the cell membrane from precursor molecules
o B. 
The oxidation of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria
o C. 
The formation of secretory proteins in the pancreas
o D. 
The duplication of DNA molecules in the nucleus

 
 54.
What is the function of ADP molecules living in cells?
o A. 
They form a genetic material important for reproduction
o B. 
They act to "capture" energy from the oxidation of fuels to be used in other cell processes
o C. 
They act as coenzymes so that the fats can be synthesized.
o D. 
They are an integral part of the cell membrane, important in the transport of water
molecules.

 
 55.
In the citric acid cycle,
o A. 
Carbon dioxide is released
o B. 
Hydrogen atoms are released
o C. 
2 ATP's form
o D. 
All of the above

 
 56.
Cellular respiration is defined as the process by which
o A. 
Energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules
o B. 
Cells breathe, or take in O2 and give off CO2
o C. 
Cells produce energy from O2 and absorb heat.
o D. 
Energy is absorbed from glucose and is transferred to CO2

 
 57.
Anaerobic respiration involves chemical reactions in ____________, where as
aerobic respiration involves reactions in ____________.
o A. 
Mitochondria; cytplasm with O2 needed
o B. 
Cytoplasm without O2 needed; cytoplasm with CO2 required
o C. 
Mitochondria without O2 needed; mitochondria with O2 needed
o D. 
Cytoplasm without O2 needed; mitochondria with O2 needed

 
 58.
 The process of copying DNA information into the structure of the mRNA
molecule is called which of the following?
o A. 
Translation
o B. 
Synthesis
o C. 
Replication
o D. 
Transcription

 
 59.
During the anaerobic phase of respiration, pyruvic acid is transformed in to
glucose
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 60.
An ATP molecule consists of an adenine, a ribose and 3 phosphates.
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 61.
Which of the following is not one of the 4 basic body tissues
o A. 
Epithelial tissue
o B. 
Connective tissue
o C. 
Brain tissue
o D. 
Muscle tissue

 
 62.
A basement membrane occurs between
o A. 
Muscle and nerve tissue
o B. 
Epithelial and connective tissue
o C. 
Connective tissue and muscle tissue
o D. 
Brain and nervous tissue

 
 63.
Epithelial tissue functions in
o A. 
Secretion
o B. 
Absorption
o C. 
Protection
o D. 
All of the above

 
 64.
The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is
o A. 
Smooth
o B. 
 Skeletal
o C. 
Intercalated
o D. 
None of the above

 
 65.
Connective tissue fibers are produced by
o A. 
Macrophages
o B. 
Mast cells
o C. 
Fibroblasts
o D. 
All of the above

 
 66.
A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it
o A. 
Consists of cells with much intercellular material between tehm
o B. 
Has no blood supply to the tissue
o C. 
Covers the outside of organs
o D. 
Commonly is found lining body cavities

 
 67.
Adipose tissue is a specialized form of
o A. 
Fibrous connective tissue
o B. 
Elastic connective tissue
o C. 
Loose connective tissue
o D. 
Reticular connective tissue

 
 68.
Epithelial tissues are characterized by a lack of blood vessels
o A. 
True
o B. 
False

 
 69.
The tissue that covers all body surfaces is
 
 70.
A single layer of flattened epithelium would constitute the tissue called
 
 71.
Membranes lining the body cavities that lack openings to the outside are
called
o A. 
Synovial
o B. 
Mucous
o C. 
Serous
o D. 
Cutaneous
  
 72.
The primary means by which body heat is lost
o A. 
Conduction
o B. 
Convection
o C. 
Evaporation
o D. 
Radiation

 
 73.
Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in
a cold environment?
o A. 
Dermal blood vessels become constricted
o B. 
Sweat glands become inactive
o C. 
Skeletal muscles contract involuntarily
o D. 
All of the above

 
 74.
Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the
production of
o A. 
Melanin
o B. 
Carotene
o C. 
 Hemoglobin
o D. 
Cyanin

 
 75.
An example of a serous membrane is
o A. 
The nasal membranes that secrete mucous
o B. 
The linings of the gastrointestinal system
o C. 
The lining of the thorax
o D. 
The membranes covering joint cavities in the knee

 
 76.
Sweat functions to cool the body by
o A. 
Convection
o B. 
Conduction
o C. 
Evaporation
o D. 
Radiation

 
 77.
Which of the following layers of the epidermis consists of a single row of
columnar cells that undergo mitosis and includes pigment producing
melanocytes?
o A. 
Stratum corneum
o B. 
Stratum granulosum
o C. 
Stratum spinosum
o D. 
Stratum germinativum

 
 78.
Shafts of hair are composed of
o A. 
Living dermal cells
o B. 
Dead dermal cells
o C. 
Living epidermal cells
o D. 
Dead epidermal cells

 
 79.
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands
o A. 
In terms of what is secreted
o B. 
In their location in the body
o C. 
Because subaceous glands are associated with hair follicles, sweat glands are not.
o D. 
All of the above

 
 80.
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the
o A. 
 Epidermis
o B. 
Dermis
o C. 
Subcutaneous layer
o D. 
All of the above

 
 81.
Serous membranes are characterized by __________, whereas mucous
membranes are characterized by____________.
o A. 
Lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside; lining body cavities and tubes
opening to the outside
o B. 
Being composed of connective tissue only; being composed of epithelial tissue only
o C. 
Secreting synovial fluid that lubricates the joint surfaces; secreting mucous
o D. 
Lining joint cavities; covering the surface of the body

 
 82.
Epidermis is distinguished by being _____________, whereas the dermis is
distinguished by being __________.
o A. 
The innermost layer of the skin; under the dermis
o B. 
Composed of largely fibrous connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous epithelial
tissue
o C. 
The outermost layer of skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
o D. 
Composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of fibrous connective tissue.
  
 83.
A hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by
o A. 
Being composed of living stratified squamous cells, whereas a hair follicle is composed of
dead dermal cells
o B. 
Originating in the subcutaneous layer, whereas a hair follicle originates in the dermis
o C. 
Strictly the position, with the hair being in the center of the follicle
o D. 
Being composed of dead epidermal cells, whereas a hair follicle is composed of living
dermal cells

 
 84.
The subcutaneous layer can be described as
o A. 
Being composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue
o B. 
The skin
o C. 
Functioning as a heat insulator or helping to conserve body heat
o D. 
All of the above

 
 85.
The tough layer of waterproof material that makes up the outermost portion
of the wpidermis is called the stratum lucidum
o A. 
True
o B. 
False
  
 86.
The outermost layer of the epidermis is stratum basale and the innermost
layer is the stratum corneum
o A. 
True
o B. 
False