gamoCenili adamianebi

napoleon
bonaparti
Tornike SaraSeniZe

bavSvoba da pirveli warmatebebi

napoleon bonaparti daibada 1769 wlis 15 agvistos kun­
Zul korsikaze. es kunZuli italielebs ekuTvnodaT da sa­
frangeTs napoleonis dabadebamde sul ramdenime kviriT
adre gadaeca. patara bonapartis mSobliuri ena swored
italiuri iyo da mozardobaSi igi korsikis frangebisgan
gaTavisuflebazec ki ocnebobda. magram roca dro gavi­
da, am romantizmma ambiciebs dauTmo gza – napoleoni male
mixvda, rom misi niWisa da gaqanebis adamianisaTvis korsi­
ka metad mcire sarbieli iyo da kariera safrangeTSi unda
gaekeTebina.

napoleoni Raribi aznauris mravalSvilian ojaxSi izr­

deboda. ojaxs uWirda, magram mamam moaxerxa 10 wlis napo­
leoni saxelmwifo xarjze samxedro akademiaSi gaemwesebi­
na. patara bonapartma ukve maSin gamoavlina Tavisi xasiaTi.
aka­demiaSi Tavidan mas dascinodnen korsikuli aqcentisa da

8  napoleoni arkoles xidTan (fragmenti), 1801,

avtori: antuan Jan gro, luvris muzeumi
 napoleonis aRmasvla da dacema, 1814, avtori: iohan mixael volci, berlinis germaniis istoriis muzeumi.

Raribi Cacmulobis gamo, magram napoleonma
muStebis wyalobiT male aswavla yvelas Wkua
da sayo­
velTao pativiscemac daimsaxura. 15
wlis napoleoni parizSi gadabargda, sadac
Tavisi niWis wyalobiT safrangeTis mTavar
samxedro saswavlebelSi Cairicxa. igi kargad
swavlobda maTematikas da istorias, hqonda
fenomenaluri mexsiereba da kidev ufro metad
fenomenaluri Sromismoyvareoba. dRe-RameSi
mxolod 5 saaTs eZina da danarCen dros ganaT­
lebasa da Sromas uTmobda. male napoleonis
mama gardaicvala da ojaxis rCena ZiriTadad
mas daawva kiserze. safrangeTis momaval im­
perators xSirad SimSilic uxdeboda.
napoleonma samxedro saswavlebeli warma-
tebiT daasrula, magram igi albaT saSualo
oficrad darCeboda, rom ara safrangeTis
revolucia, romelmac `Tavisuflebis, Tanas­
worobisa da Zmobis~ lozungiT qveyanaSi arse­
buli Zirmompali monarqia daangria da niWier
adamianebs gza gauxsna.

safrangeTis revoluciis (1789-1799) periodSi safrangeTi moic­

va radikalurma socialurma da politikurma movlenebma, ro­
melTac didi gavlena iqonies ara mxolod safrangeTis, aramed
mTeli evropis istoriaze.
9
gamoCenili adamianebi

10
 gansakuTrebiT gaumarTlaT samxedroebs,
radgan safrangeTis revoluciam evropuli
monarqiebi daaSina da qveyana male mTel kon­
tinentTan omSi aRmoCnda CaBbmuli. prusiis,
avstriisa Tu ruseTis monarqebs eSinodaT,
rom Tanasworobis ideebi safrangeTidan maT
qveynebsac gadaedeboda (da es maT reJimebsac
daamxobda), ingliss ki safrangeTis gaZlier­
ebis perspeqtiva afrTxobda. magram frange­
bi momxvdurebs warmatebiT igeriebdnen da
amaSi napoleonmac Seitana Tavisi wvlili.
1793 wels man saporto qalaq tulonis Stur­
mi moawyo da iq gamagrebuli ingliselebi
gandevna. operacia imdenad mniSvnelovani da
warmatebuli iyo, rom 24 wlis bonapartma ge­
nerloba miiRo. sul male napoleonma pariz­
Si mefis xelisuflebis momxreTa ajanyeba
CaaxSo da amis wyalobiT mas ukve mTeli armia
andes. am armias italiaSi, iq gaba­ tonebul
napoleoni Tavis kabinetSi, 1812, avtori: Jak lui davidi, vaSingtonis
avstrielTa winaaRmdeg unda eoma. xelovnebis erovnuli galerea.

Jak lui davidi (frangi mxatvari, 1748-1825, franguli neoklasi-

ZalauflebaSi mosvla cizmis damaarsebeli) aRfrTovanebiT Sexvda safrangeTis revolu-

swored aq daiwyo napoleonis didi kari­
era. 28 wlis generali cudad SeiaraRebuli,
cudad Cacmul-daxuruli da sakmaod mcire­
ricxovani armiiT italiaSi SeiWra da ramde­
nime TveSi daamarcxa avstrielTa gacilebiT
mravalricxovani da ukeT SeiaraRebuli jar­
ebi. safrangeTis mTavroba gaognebuli iyo,
radgan bonapartis armias ZiriTadad mowi­
naaRmdegeTa yuradRebis gafantva evale­
boda da masze did imedebs aravin amyarebda.
avstrieli generlebi ki gaocebuli iyvnen,
radgan maT ver warmoedginaT, rom vinmes
SeeZlo ase eoma. napoleonis meTaurobiT
frangebis armia saocari siswrafiT moZraob­
da, mters Suaze wyvetda da sust adgilebSi
momakvdinebel dartymas ayenebda. italiis
damorCilebis Semdeg bonaparti pirdapir
venisken gaemarTa. SeSinebul avstrielebs
isRa darCenodaT masTan zavi gaeformebinaT
da praqtikulad mTeli italia daeTmoT.
cias da misi Semoqmedebis didi nawili swored am movleniT iyo
STagonebuli. mas Semdeg, rac napoleoni xelisuflebaSi modis,
davidi misi daaxloebuli piri da privilegirebuli mxatvari xde-
ba. igi iziarebda ganmanaTleblobis Sexedulebebs, rom xelovneba
adamianSi maRal moqalaqeobriv grZnobebs unda ayalibebdes. misi
Semoqmedebac amiTia gaJRenTili, asaxavs ra safrangeTis istoriis
umniSvnelovanes etaps.
italiuri kampaniis Semdeg napoleonis po­
pularoba da Zliereba imdenad didi iyo, rom
safrangeTis mTavroba SiSis kankaliT eloda
parizSi mis dabrunebas. warmatebul gene­
rals SeeZlo Zalaufleba iolad aeRo xelSi,
radgan mas armia uWerda mxars, korumpirebu­
li mTavroba ki mosaxleobas sZulda. magram
napoleonma gadawyvita axali warmatebuli
kampania wamoewyo, amjerad ukve inglisis
winaaRmdeg. es ukanaskneli Tavisi flotis
wyalobiT saimedod iyo daculi da amitom
napoleonma gadawyvita daertya inglisis
umdidresi koloniisaTvis – indoeTisaTvis.
saamisod man floti aRWurva da Tavis rCeul
armiasTan erTad egviptisaken daiZra. iqidan

 napoleoni – italiis mefe, 1805, avtori: andrea apiani, venis 11

xelovnebis istoriis muzeumi.
gamoCenili adamianebi

wyalobiT aRzevebuli generali araerTi xe­

lovanisa da inteleqtualis muzad iqca. maga­
liTad, udidesma germanelma kompozitorma,
ludvig van beThovenma mas heroikuli simfo­
niac ki miuZRvna.

egvipteSi laSqroba Tavidan warmatebiT

ludvig van beThoveni, 1820,
mxatvari: ioseb karl Stileri,
beThovenis saxl-muzeumi, boni.
daiwyo. napoleonma mamluqTa uZleveli
jari daamarcxa, egvipte daimorCila da in­
doeTiskenac daiZra. magram misi armia Zalian
daasusta autanelma sicxem da Savma Wirma da
male ukan dabruneba mouxda. amasobaSi napo­
leonis aryofniT avstrielebma da rusebma
isargebles, maT evropaSi frangebs sZlies,

heroikuli, anu gmiruli, me-3 simfonia beThovenma Tavdapirvelad mi­

uZRvna napoleons, radganac moxibluli iyo safrangeTis revoluciis
ideebiT da miiCnevda, rom napoleoni swored am ideebis gamtarebeli
iyo. mogvianebiT, rodesac napoleonma Tavi safrangeTis imperatorad
gamoacxada (1804), ganrisxebulma (Tu imedgacruebulma) beThovenma
wamoiZaxa: `igi iseTive mokvdavi yofila, rogorc yvela sxva!~ da warw­
era `eZRvneba bonaparts~ moaxia nawarmoebis Tavfurcels.

napoleoni xmeleTis gavliT indoeTSi unda italia waarTves da uSualod safrangeTs

SeWriliyo. jariskacebis garda napoleonma
Tan waiyvana araerTi frangi mecnieri, ro­
melTac egvipte unda gamoekvliaT. saintere­
soa, rom napoleonma egvipteSi laSqrobis
win Tavad gamoigona da jarisaTvis daamza­
debina mzis saTvaleebi (romlebic iqamde ar
arsebobda). ukve mTeli evropa da msoflio
xedavda, rom bonapartis saxiT saqme hqon­
daT ara mxolod samxedro geniasTan, aramed,
aseve, udides organizatorsa da moazrovnes­
Tan, romelic mfarvelobda mecnierebasa da
xelovnebas da romelic Tavis garSemo ikreb­
da uniWieres adamianebsa da profesionalebs.
swored amis wyalobiT unda Seeqmna napo­
leons axlo momavalSi ara mxolod uZleveli
armia, aramed udidesi imperiac. revoluciis
daemuqrnen. rogorc ki es Seityo napoleonma,
egvipte miatova, mcire amalis TanxlebiT ing­
liselTa flots saswaulebrivad dausxlta
xelidan da safrangeTSi Cavida. iq gaakeTa is,
rasac misgan elodnen – moaxdina saxelmwifo
gadatrialeba da Zalaufleba xelSi aiRo,
rogorc safrangeTis pirvelma konsulma.
napoleonis omebi
1799 wels napaleoni, sakmaod ubralo da
Raribi warmoSobis, Soreuli provinciidan
Camosuli 30 wlis generali, evropisa da
msoflios uZlieresi saxelmwifos mmarT­
velad iqca. aseTi ram istorias ar axsovda.

12
 napoleon bonaparti

napoleonma male daamyara qveyanaSi wesrigi,
Semdeg ki isev italiaSi ilaSqra da iqidan
avstrielebi kidev erTxel gandevna.
ingliselebi xedavdnen ra napoleonSi
erTob saSiS metoqes, mis moSorebas cdi­
lobdnen xan teraqtebis, xanac SeTqmule­
bebis saxiT, magram araferi gamosdiodaT.
napoleonma male brwyinvale diplomatiu­
ri niWic gamoavlina da ruseTi daimegobra,
mag­ram aq ingliselebma imarjves da ruseTis
imperatori moakvlevines, ramac frangebisa

 napoleoni sen-bernaris uReltexilze, 1800, avtori: Jak lui davidi, arsebobs am naxatis
5 versia, romlebic daculia parizSi, berlinSi, versalSi, riuei-malmezonsa da venaSi.

13
gamoCenili adamianebi
da rusebis daaxloebas bolo mouRo. napo­
leonma gadawyvita, mTeli Zalebi inglisis
damorCilebisaken miemarTa da axali didi
flotis mSenebloba wamoiwyo. ingliseleb­
ma ver moaxerxes ra napoleonis likvidacia,
kontinentis saxelmwifoebTan molaparakebe­
bi wamoiwyes da isini safrangeTis winaaRmdeg
omSi Cabmaze daiyolies. rusebi da avstri­
elebi iolad daTanxmdnen, radgan safran­
geTi metismetad Zlieri iyo, napoleoni ki
evropel monarqebs ukanonod miaCndaT – miT
umetes, rom man Tavi safrangeTis imperato­
radac gamoacxada. garda amisa, safrangeTis
winaaRmdeg samxedro kampanias inglisi afi­
nansebda.
14
1805 wlis zafxulSi, roca napoleoni ing­
lisze laSqrobisaTvis emzadeboda, safran­
geTis winaaRmdeg axali samxedro koalicia
amoqmedda. safrangeTisaTvis unda daertya
ara mxolod ruseTsa da avstrias, aramed ig­
egmeboda omSi SvedeTis Cabma da Tavad ing­
liselTa jaris gadasmac kontinentze. aseve
dRe-dReze iyo mosalodneli omSi prusiis
Cabmac. napoleons ara mxolod inglisis dapy­
robis gegma CaefuSa, aramed Tavad aRmoCnda
katastrofis winaSe. magram man swrafad Sead­
gina axali gegma, inglisze laSqrobisaTvis
Sekrebili armia ayara da avstrielebisken
daZra. isini manamde gaanadgura, sanam saSve­
lad rusebi movidodnen, Semdeg ki rusebisken
gaemarTa. miuxedavad imisa, rom dro rusebi­
napoleonis imperatorad kurTxeva (1807), avtori:
Jak lui davidi. luvris muzeumi.

saTvis muSaobda (maT damxmare Zalebi mosdi­
odaT da prusiac male unda Cabmuliyo omSi),
napoleonma maTi provocireba moaxdina,
brZola moaxvia Tavs da isinic sastikad daa­
marcxa. prusiam omSi Cabma verc moaswro. omi
amiT dasrulda, inglisi ki gadarCa, radgan
amasobaSi misma flotma legendaruli admi­
ral nelsonis meTaurobiT frangebis floti
daamarcxa da napoleoni inglisze laSqrobis
ocnebebs kidev didi xniT daemSvidoba.
1806 wels prusiis jeri dadga. am qveyanam
Tavad gamoucxada omi safrangeTs. napoleoni
amas momzadebuli daxvda, prusiis teritori­
aze SeiWra da daaxloebiT or kviraSi mTeli
qveyana daipyro. prusiis damarcxebis Semdeg
napoleonma ingliss kontinenturi bloka­
da gamoucxada – mis mier damorCilebul ev­
ropas inglisTan vaWroba aukrZala. radgan
inglisis samxedro ZaliT damorCilebas ver
axerxebda, napoleons surda es qveyana ekono­
mikurad mainc daesustebina. magram inglisi
ar nebdeboda. aseve agrZelebda ingliselebis
fuliT frangebis winaaRmdeg oms ruseTi.
1807 wels napoleonma sabolood rusebis wi­
naaRmdegobac gatexa da maTTan SeTanxmebac
gaaforma. ruseTi safrangeTis mokavSired
iqca da kontinentur blokadasac SeuerTda.
napoleonma Tavisi Zveli Canafiqri aisrula.
aqedan moyolebuli napoleoni Secdomas
Secdomaze uSvebda. imisaTvis, rom kontinen­
tur blokadas efeqturad emuSava, man jer
inglisis mokavSire portugaliaSi Seiyvana
jarebi, Semdeg espaneTis taxtze Tavisi Zma
dasva. misda moulodnelad amas espaneTSi
frangebis winaaRmdeg saxalxo omis dawyeba
mohyva, romelsac bolo ar uCanda da napo­
leoni iZulebuli gaxda am qveyanaSi didZa­
li jari Caeyenebina. espaneTis movlenebma
avstrielebi Seaguliana, romlebic ver eg­
uebodnen didZali teritoriebis dakargvas
da gadawyvites, rom xelsayreli dro dadga,
napoleon bonaparti
rom napoleonze Suri eZiaT. 1809 wels daiwyo
axali omi, romelic sabolood isev avstriis
damarcxebiT dasrulda, Tumca napoleons
amjerad warmatebis miRweva sakmaod gauWir­
da. omis damTavrebidan male igi avstriasac
daumegobrda – Tavis pirvel meuRles gaSor­
da da avstriis princesaze iqorwina. es ukve
imas niSnavda, rom napoleoni legitimur im­
peratorad aRiares – misi Svili, patara na­
poleoni, romelic 1811 wels daibada, ara
mxolod bonapartebis, aramed avstriis im­
peratorTa dinastiis Camomavali iyo da mis
warmoSobas eWvis qveS veravin daayenebda.
napoleonma Zlierebis zenits miaRwia. saf­
rangeTi praqtikulad mTel kontinentze iyo
gabatonebuli da mis satelit qveynebs bona­
partTa ojaxis wevrebi marTavdnen. inglisi
marto iyo da mxolod Zlieri flotis wyalo­
biT idga fexze. magram amave dros frangebis
mier dapyrobil evropaSi sul ufro da ufro
izrdeboda ukmayofileba. napoleoni ukve
didi xania gmirad ki ara, tiranad aRiqmebo­
da. aSkara iyo, rom erTi kacis mier Seqmnili
uzarmazari imperia did xans ver gastanda.
prusiaSi okupantebis gandevnaze xmamaRla
saubrobdnen, kvlavac grZeldeboda gaaf­
Trebuli winaaRmdegoba espanelTa mxridan.
ruseTi ki kontinenturi blokadiT zaral­
deboda da safrangeTis umcros partniorad
yofnas ver egueboda.
napoleonis dacema
safrangeTsa da ruseTs Soris ufro da
ufro izrdeboda daZabuloba da napoleon­
ma gadawyvita am qveyanasTanac sabolood
gaerkvia urTierTobebi. man naxevarmili­
oniani armia Sekriba da ruseTisaken daiZra.
armiaSi man jariskacebi praqtikulad mTeli
evropidan waiyvana da 1812 wlis zafxulSi
Setevaze gadavida. ruseTi, erTi SexedviT,
15
gamoCenili adamianebi
ganwiruli Canda. magram sinamdvileSi gan­
wiruli napoleoni iyo. marTalia, rusebi mas
ukve orjer hyavda damarcxebuli, magram Ta­
vad ruseTis teritoriaze omisaTvis igi mzad
ar aRmoCnda. gansxvavebiT italiis, avstrii­
sa Tu prusiisagan, ruseTi Raribi da ganuvi­
Tarebeli iyo. ugzoobisa da ukacrielobis
pirobebSi frangebis jars Tavis gamokveba da
gadaadgileba gauWirda. garda amisa, ruse­
Tis armia brZolas gaurboda da mters ukide­
gano qveynis siRrmeSi ityuebda, gzad ki yve­
lafers anadgurebda. frangebis uzarmazari
armia gzad nel-nela mcirdeboda. rusebi
mxolod moskovTan SeCerdnen da iq mters
sastiki brZola gaumarTes, Semdeg isev ukan
daixies da moskovic cecxls misces. napo­
16
leonis armiam didi zarali naxa da, rac mTa­
varia, moskovTan brZolam omi ver daasrula
– rusebi samSvidobo molaparakebaze uars am­
bobdnen. bolos da bolos napoleoni mixvda,
rom ruseTSi gaCerebas azri aRar hqonda da
ukan daxeva brZana. magram es arc ise ioli aR­
moCnda, radgan male Zalian acivda. ugzooba­
sa da sakvebis naklebobas ukve rusuli yinvac
daemata, risTvisac franguli armia sruliad
moumzadebeli aRmoCnda. sicive da SimSili
jariskacebs bolos uRebda da rusebic maT
sul ufro da ufro Tamamad esxmodnen Tavs.
roca ruseTidan gaaRwies, frangebis naxevar­
milioniani jaridan 30 aTasamdeRa iyo coc­
xali. imperatorma armiis narCenebi miatova
da saswrafod parizisaken gaeSura, raTa ax­
napoleonis moskovidan ukandaxeva, adolf norTerni
(1828-1876), kerZo koleqciidan.

ali armia Seekriba. igi kargad xvdeboda, rom
male mas mTeli evropa aujanydeboda.
napoleons kidev hqonda Sansi evropasTan
omi Tavidan aecilebina. avstrielebs ar
surdaT safrangeTis imperiis zedmetad da­
susteba, radgan ruseTis gaZlierebis eSi­
nodaT da neitralitets inarCunebdnen. na­
poleonsac Tavidan ruseTsa da prusiasTan
uwevda brZola da maT sakmaod iolad um­ k­
lavdeboda. avstrielebma mowinaaRmdege mxa­
reebi dazavebaze daiyolies da samSvidobo
molaparakebebi gaaCaRes. isini napoleons
sTxovdnen dapyrobili miwebis garkveuli
nawili daeTmo da sanacvlod mTeli danarCe­
ni imperia SeenarCunebina. moulodnelad na­
poleonma am SemoTavazebaze uari Tqva. imper­
ators kvlavac sjeroda Tavisi uZlevelobis,
mas miaCnda, rom ruseTSi omi SemTxveviT waago
da rom evropaSi ar arsebobda Zala, romelic
mas brZolis velze daamarcxebda. 10 wliT
adre napoleoni albaT ar dauSvebda msgavs
Secdomas – igi adre yovelTvis xvdeboda,
rom misi samxedro geniac ki ar iyo sakmarisi
yvela mterTan erTdroulad gasamklaveblad
da saWiro iyo maTi daqsaqsva. avstrielebi­
saTvis uaris TqmiT man mtrebis danawevrebis
Sansi xelidan gauSva. avstria male ruseTsa
da prusias miemxro, romelTa ukan inglisic
idga. napoleoni TiTqosda warmatebiT umk­
lavdeboda axal, uzarmazar koalicias da
ramdenime brwyinvale gamarjvebac moipova,
magram sabolood mtris simravlem Tavisi
gaitana. koaliciis jarebi parizSi Sevidnen
da napoleoni iZulebuli gaxda gadamdgariyo
rogorc Tavisi, aseve Tavisi Svilis saxeliT.
napoleoni kunZul elbaze gadaasaxles,
imperatoris tituli SeunarCunes da kunZu­
lic Caabares. safrangeTSi revoluciis Se­
degad gandevnili samefo dinastia dabrunda.
magram es dinastia sruliad iyo mowyvetili
realobas da frangebs male xelaxla Seaziz­
napoleon bonaparti
Ra Tavi. am ambebiT Segulianebuli napoleoni
elbidan gaiqca da safrangeTSi gadavida.
mosaxleoba mas taSiT xvdeboda, mis Sesapy­
robad gagzavnili jarebi mis mxareze gada­
vidnen. SeSinebuli mefe parizidan gaiqca,
napoleoni isev safrangeTis gamgeblad iqca.
magram am yvelaferma cota xans gastana. ev­
ropa isev fexze dadga, rom mousvenari impe­
ra­tori sabolood moeSorebina Tavidan. 1815
wlis 18 ivniss vaterloosTan (belgia) napo­
leoni inglisisa da prusiis jarebTan brZo­
laSi damarcxda da male igi isev gaasaxles,
amjerad – kunZul elenaze, gacilebiT ufro
uaresi pirobebiT. napoleoni iq gardaicvala
kidec 1821 wlis 5 maiss. oficialurad gar­
dacvalebis mizezad kuWis kibo iqca. arse­
bobs aseve jer daudasturebeli versia, rom
igi mowamles.
`safrangeTi, armia, avangardi~ – es
iyo napoleonis ukanaskneli sityvebi.
boroti Tu keTili genia
da mainc, vin iyo napoleoni? udidesi gmi­
ri da geniosi Tu tirani, romelic adamianebs
mxo­lod Tavisi usazRvro ambiciebis dasak­
mayofileblad iyenebda?
daviwyoT iqidan, rom genia SeiZleba iyos
rogorc keTili, ise boroti. yvelaze sasti­
ki diqtatoric ki SeiZleba iyos geniosi. na­
poleoni, sul mcire, samxedro saqmis genia
iyo, romelmac daCrdila iseTi sardlebi,
rogorebic iyvnen aleqsandre makedoneli da
iulius keisari. samxedro niWis garda, udide­
si imperiis SeqmnaSi napoleons aseve daexmara
saxelmwifo marTvis principebis Rrma codna,
diplomatiuri niWi da adamianebis marTvis
unari. anu ganurCevlad imisa, uaryofiTad
SevafasebT mas Tu dadebiTad, SeuZlebelia
17
gamoCenili adamianebi
 fontenbloSi ganmartoebuli napoleoni, avtori: pol delaroSi,
laifcigis xelovnebis muzeumi.
imis uaryofa, rom napoleoni yvela drois
erT-erTi uniWieresi adamiani iyo.
gacilebiT ufro rTulia vupasuxoT kiTx­
vas napoleoni gmiri ufro iyo Tu tirani,
keTili genia iyo Tu boroti. albaT – orive
erTad. man udidesi imperia Seqmna, romliTac
frangebi dRemde amayoben. magram am imperiam
arc ise didxans gastana, maSindel omebs ki
uamravi adamiani Seewira. napoleoni adamian­
Ta sicocxles metad civad da pragmatulad
uyurebda. igi Zalian ganicdida misi erTgu­
li marSlebisa da generlebis daRupvas, ma­
gram amave dros ar erideboda aTasobiT ri­
giTi adamianis sikvdilze gaSvebas. egvipteSi
laSqrobis dros man tyved Cavardnili 4 aTa­
si Turqi meomris daxocva brZana da es imiT
gaamarTla, rom mis jars amdeni tyvis Senax­
vis saSualeba ar hqonda.
18
meore mxriv, ki napoleoni Tavadac uSiS­
rad midioda sikvdilze. amas akeTebda ara
mxolod maSin, roca generali iyo, aramed
(saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi) maSinac, roca impe­
ra­tori iyo. gardacvalebis Semdeg mas tanze
araerTi Wriloba upoves, romelTa arsebobas
igi Tavis meomrebs arc umxelda da malulad
mkurnalobda. egvipteSi igi uSiSrad stum­
robda hospitalSi Savi WiriT daavadebul
jariskacebs. swored amis wyalobiT iyvnen
frangebi mzad, rom mas yvelgan gahyolodnen.
napoleonma safrangeTsa da mis kontrols
daqvemdebarebul evropaSi diqtatura daam­
yara. `Tavisufleba, Tanasworoba, Zmoba~
praqtikulad daviwyebas mieca. evropis dapy­
robili erebi frangebs emsaxurebodnen. iz­
Rudeboda sityvis Tavisufleba, idevneboda
napoleonis reJimis yvela mowinaaRmdege. ev­
ropis muzeumebsa da sacavebSi Senaxuli xe­
lovnebis Sedevrebi da simdidreebi iZarcve­
boda da safrangeTSi idebda binas. napoleonis
bolo gamoxdomam – kunZul elbidan gaqcev­
am – cudis meti araferi moitana, radgan mas
moh­yva axali brZolebi da msxverpli. evropis
liderebma ki frangebs napoleonis gverdiT
dadgoma aRar apaties: qveyanas teritoriebi
waarTves, fuladi gadasaxadi dauweses da mis
teritoriaze saokupacio jari Caayenes.
napoleonis mmarTvelobam saboloo jamSi
rogorc safrangeTs, ise evropas bevri sike­
Tec moutana. magaliTad, man daaarsa safran­
geTis erovnuli banki da Seqmna samoqalaqo
kodeqsi, romelic moqmedebda evropis did
nawilSi da romlis safuZvlebic dRemde ga­
moiyeneba dasavleTSi.
napoleoni iyo pirveli, vinc
fiqrobda gaerTianebul evropaze,
erTiani kanonmdeblobiTa da
napoleonis drondel safrangeTSi gasaqa­
erTiani valutiT.

ni miecaT niWier adamianebs, es maSin, roca
praqtikulad mTel evropaSi adamianis bedi
damokidebuli iyo mis warmoSobaze. napo­
leoni iyo dampyrobeli, magram amave dros
igi ebrZoda feodalur CamorCenilobas, sib­
nelesa da provincializms. ase, magaliTad,
espaneTSi man inkvizicia gaauqma, italiaSi
ki mospo xelovnurad Seqmnili sazRvrebi da
cicqna saxelmwifoebi da amiT italiel xalxs
gaerTianebis idea STaagona.
napoleonis damarcxebis Semdeg evropa­
Si Zveli feodaluri wesrigi aRdga, magram
es ukve dromoWmuli da ganwiruli iyo. sul
male kontinents axali revoluciebi moedo,
napoleonis mmamrTvelobis Sedegebi:
• daarsda safrangeTis erovnuli banki
• Seiqmna samoqalaqo kodeqsi
• biZgi misca axali tipis, Tanamedrove saxelmwifoebis
Seqmnas evropis kontinentze
napoleon bonaparti
romlebic dasrulda saberZneTis mier da­
moukideblobis mopovebiT, italiidan avst­
riis gandevniTa da italiis gaerTianebiT,
germaniis gaerTianebiT. evropaSi TandaTa­
nobiT gaCnda axali damoukidebeli saxelmwi­
foebi da respublikebi, damkvidrda demokra­
tiuli mmarTvelobis principebi. napoleonis
mmarTvelobidan ori saukunec ar iyo gasu­
li, roca evropa gaerTianda da sabolood
daiviwya omebi da konfliqtebi. paradoqsia,
magram kacobriobis am udides miRwevaSi Ta­
visi wvlili napoleonsac miuZRvis, romelic
istoriaSi swored omebiT Sevida.
napoleonis saflavi invalidTa samxedro panTeonSi,
invalidebis saxlSi, avtori: frangi arqiteqtori lui 19
tulius ioaxim viskonti (1791-1853)