4s ©& fa) ys Madinah Arabic ReaderINTRODUCTION Full-time Islamic schools are a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. However, the growth of such schools has been rapid and, Alhamdulillah, several hundred such schools now exist and the numberis expected to mushroom further in the coming years. In the United States, Islamic schools admit students as young as 3 years of age (Pre-Kindergarten) and, in the ensuing years, these students progress through Kindergarten, 1st Grade and all the way through 12th Grade, at which time, Insha Allah, they should be ready to enter college. Islamic schools curricula comprise secular subjects, which are generally the same as those mandated by the County or the State for public schools. In addition, Islamic schools tutor religious subjects such as Arabic, Islamic Studies and Qur'an. The standards to which students are tutored and tested in secular subjects, on a grade-by-grade basis, are well documented so that administrators, teachers and students know, at the outset, what is expected in terms of performance from each party. Equally important, parents are aware of such expectations. No similar standards exist for the religious component of Islamic schools’ curricula. The Board of Directors of the Nur-Ul-Islam Academy, a fully-accredited Islamic school (Pre-K through 12th grade) located in the Fort Lauderdale area of Florida, felt that the absence of well documented standards was not conducive to proper administration, teaching or learning. As a first step to compensate for this shortcoming, the Board felt that there was an urgent need to structure and publish a series of textbooks that would fit well into the structure and overall curricula of the Nur-Ul-Isiam Academy, and that may serve the needs of other schools in North America and elsewhere. This led the Academy's Board of Directors to invite Professor Abdur Rahim, Director of the Translation Center of King Fahd Quran Printing Complex and former Professor of Arabic at the Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia to visit the Academy and to produce a series of textbooks that would enable students to read, write and speak Arabic with some degree of proficiency by the 8th Grade. Professor Abdur Rahim was both gracious and generous in his response and traveled without delay to the Academy's campus to undertake the exercise. His efforts led to this eight-volume series catering for students from Kindergarten through 8th Grade. Professor Abdur Rahim’s eight-volume texts allow the language to be acquired in the classical structural form. The books attempt to teach language skills through applied grammar. Each lesson consists of a conversation based on certain language patterns. Various types of exercises help the student to understand each of the patterns occurring in the lesson, and to master them. The vocabulary represents classical and Quranic words and expressions, along with words used in modern Arabic. The series of books are currently being utilized at the Academy to prepare students for the University of London (UK) GCE Ordinary Level and Advanced Level examinations, via Edexcel International. The Board of Directors, faculty, students and parents of the Nur-Ul-Islam Academy are very much indebted to Professor Abdur Rahim for his generosity and devotion to our cause, and we pray that Allah rewards him in abundance. May Allah bless all who seek knowledge. Jazak Allah Khairan. Dr. Kem Hussain President: Nur-Ul-Istam Academy Nur-Ul-Isiam Academy 10600 SW 59th Street, Cooper City, Florida, USA_ Madinah Arabic Reader Book 3 ARABIC COURSE AS TAUGHT AT Melee Cee TS apa aT Professor Abdur Rahim, Director of the Translation Centre of the King Fahd Quran Printing Complex and former Professor of Arabic at the Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia, has authored texts designed to impart a knowledge of classical Arabic through applied grammar. Each lesson, based on a conversation, illustrates distinctive language patterns. These patterns are elucidated. by a variety of helpful exercises. The vocabulary ranges from classical and Quranic Arabic to modern Arabic. This series of books is currently being utilized at various schools to prepare students for the University of London (UK) GCE O-Level and A-Level examinations. He saaArabic Reader Book 3 AN EIGHT-PART ARABIC LANGUAGE COURSE AS TAUGHT AT THE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, MADINAH Dr. V. Abdur RahimCONTENTS Lesson 1 3 Lesson 2 15 Lesson 3 23 Lesson 4 36 Lesson 5 42 Lesson 6 51 Lesson 7 64 Lesson 8 7 Lesson 9 81 Lesson 10 96 Illustrated by Gurmeet First published 2006 Reprinted 2012 © Goodword Books 2012 Goodword Books Islamic Vision Ltd. 1, Nizamuddin West Market, New Delhi-110 013, 18 Publisher ne. 434 Coventry Road, Small Heath Tel.9111-4182-7083, 4652-1511 81 Bloomingdale Rd, Hicksville Birmingham B10 0UG, UK. Fax:9111-4565-1771 NY 11801, USA Tel. 121-773-0137 email:info@goodwordbooks.com Tel. 516-933-1000, Fax: 516-933-1200 Fax: 121-766-8577 www. goodwordbooks.com Toll Free: 1-888-560-3222 e-mailinfo@ipci-iv.couk cemail:info@ibpublisher.com ‘wuwwislamicvision.co.uk Printed in india ‘wwwibpublisher.comAAS yy dil dadyy (SE SCS: aw MT yy Bi day LN Kiley spall pull bel yale Us Seale is Sal saigh Gs Lait Gal Cadi oe OU aaa ceil hays: Ljaali WELSH BY: Gae Sieh OU pal ate Hae EEL Oy Whalll wag Y iv a: me pal a al (ge ig BB hy) Wl Gl te Lees gs a Geto YUE AS : Lpaaliip ise gi ee eb SI Sali See BLA: ae sa Ht Sy: ypjali worst ids ee oN Sb igh re 2 osyadl aly ei Bal: of kL Te Sui Sajal poi yy Guy Bs Lesa] Answer the following questions: oy ET] oF cre) aah Kal cv) Spas hea et eS (8) REL ile Wel Seay i ef AS (0) sis gt oat (vyetal Atal Go dial oly deacialt oda sual (-y Ubi old A —Y ioepce tad i Mark the correct statements with this (“) and the incorrect ones with this (x): gies Lib SLE Cb pate -F4) Heat Mes f(y Eg) all YoU i ory sguitpl ayes Learn the following: relat i =ib+ by Call = GA +o) slat oy eS) = galt Oy i 6 oe fy = 281 +6) oy scsit 31 ety S/d mule BN Joell de Gp Josie e Rewrite the following sentences using Off seeeeeeneeneeee g phe Ss ()lags S3I (Vy a et SS caf (4) AY WY) FI-0 he Seal QO) OS piyl ecery LAN Jeb Me Gy Yostn Rewrite the following sentences using 0| and vowelize the’ last letters of the words: eo aie Eee cy) femeted ay 5 aa () EB AES! old (V) cecseseee fail 3 Sea (a)AY IS Ge agli Sb O'S Fe teal Jab -v Read the examples and make sentences like them with the help of the words that follow: CES Se af Cal gh Gal 58 Seah Bich | a lem ob | Ib | Cal ery Sygi/ 65 tes | eB (£) Aaja | Lenin’ | 1 (0) al aye / pac en | oda (4) . il gis / Gly ohie | Ie loa” oy! / ves 4 (ay Notice the use of 43: (33) 4 al ai) ab-n sb iS 3 We (Vy pad B55 98 aU a 1 1B ple 9b Gab casi ry eb SS iby ef 33 Gael a (4) Booty Ble 95 we oil seal (0) 7“ge AN abel Ue od 5 day [31-4 Change the word s to masculine plural, feminine singular and plural as shown in the example: ge sh Sb Ye © ge 35 Chih da cy ge anys uni 641% (2) oe oi iv oda (Z) ‘ . “(Y) of We Skye) (4) o0e(%) (Oy UAT Lp a Ob ale aN abl Je (lah Jodi-y Rewrite the following sentences using is which acts just as My: SON 3b GAB, Sf ( ar) ey GN eal Last itt Vary) aed Read the examples and then complete the sentences that follow using du or We in the blanks: oF Ge abel Je eld a d 8é AE Ie) oda (O SA) US as GST GUS day ay ddy GS sf! Read the examples and then write the sentencés that follow, replacing the figures with words: al Be | eye tee ch aye ey My Ve oy juan irewany Lylyd Vas (Y) JUV + a Ge tail ls 6 (4) web ye. 5 DESY oe Nb + LEIS ol (3 (0) A) ST Sears Sak O41 0 Use each of the following words in a sentence of your own: Jb -395 - Gb - yet - 25361 - te - fs 9(et a je oui 2 es cust 2) iss ty) 2) Bu) tail i CH nee (OBI D ve eis ) ewaes) oe a (&Y93) S58 (ere 2) ane aus oD o Jt Opel 2) ee 10In this lesson we learn the following: 1) Ol: In Arabic there are two types of sentences: a) The nominal sentence iy joi wherein the first word is a noun e.g, (i LES “The book is easy’ The noun which commences the nominal sentence is called the mubtada’\4c—va)} while the second part is called the Khabar ‘ys, b) The verbal sentence 42d)! ids wherein the first word is a verb eg. oy => ‘Bilal went out ‘The particle 2} is used at the beginning of a nominal sentence, e.g.: Yee iS 5 “ye Gust Oy Note that the noun after 4 is mansib, i.e. it has -a ending. After the introduction of oy the mubtada’is no longer called mubtada’ but is instead called /smu inna and the khabaris called khabaru inna. jy signifies emphasis. It can be translated as ‘indeed,’ ‘surely,’ ‘no doubt,’ and verily.” Note the following: C7 If the mubtada’has one dammah, it changes to one fathah after o!, e.g. : . ae Loyal > tae hall 1 Ab iat > ib Ty Ci If the mubtada’has two dammahs, they change to two fathahs, e.g. : ap lee > Jag tue oy a1CO If the mubtada’is a pronoun, it changes to its corresponding mansdib form, e. For the mansdb forms of all the pronouns, see Exercise 3. Note that the pronouns of the first person singular and plural have twe forms: 2) (Lis: This is also a particle like 2}. It is called one of the sisters of oy Grammatically, it acts tke 3}, It signifies hope or fear, e.g.: Seo> “bl The weather is fine.’ > dee yal ja ‘TL hope the weather is fine.’ bane ell The teacher is sick.’ > fare Goyaall ba ‘I'm afraid the teacher is sick.’ In this lesson, we have examples of ‘I hope’ only. 3) 93: This word means ‘having’ or ‘possessing’, e.g.: Jt 33 ‘possessing wealth,’ i.e. wealthy, GE 455 ‘possessing manners,’ i.e. well-mannered, we 33 ‘possessing knowledge,’ i.e. learned. It is always mudéf, and the following word is mudéf ilaihi, and therefore it is majriir. The feminine of 33 is 13, e, js wet, ole 2 St his sister is well- mannered. : ill is learned and The plural of 32 is 338, and that of G13 is "93, e.g: ca 338 Cia 5% ge 33 Citi tha gh 195 Sue 6 glk Ob Lub oa 12rel 4) al: It means ‘or,’ but only in an interrogative sentence, e.g.: Soe @ test ci ‘Are you a doctor or an engineer?’ vl ‘Is he from France or Germany?’ Nal ai ch Sul id you see Bilal or Hamid?’ Note that the particle { precedes one of the two things about which the question is asked while | precedes the other. So it is wrong to say: The correct construction is: i ae ie th aS al In a non-interrogative sentence, °s| is used for ‘or’, €.9.: JAN3 Sf ks J “Take this or that.’ dash foe CAG 11 saw three or four.” hte i We g 7 'Bildl or Hamid went out.’ 5) iu ‘hundred,’ CHT ‘thousand’. Note that in iu the a/ifis not pronounced. It is pronounced i In certain Arab countries, it is also written like this without the a/if After these two numbers the ma’dtidis singular majrtir, e. WLS Ble ‘one hundred books’. Jy) Ul one thousand riyals’, fio Jey ah iu and Lali have the same form with the feminine ma'dtid also, e.g: {ai Via. Here Ai is majriir because of the preposition —.6) Je ‘expensive’: Je Ses \G ‘This book is expensive.’ Here, Je is not majrdr, It is marfd’. Its original form is gu. The letter ya, along with its dammah, have been omitted and the dn of tanwin has been transferred to the preceding letter (ghali-yu-n > ghali-n). Here are some more words of this type: poe: a lawyer’ for ee eg.: aoe UT am a lawyer.’ pe ‘a judge’ for ot e.g.: vi ei'my father is a judge.’ 2\5'a valley’ for {s3'5, e.g,: 313 48 “This is a valley.’ ae You will later learn more about this class of nouns lai ail slo), intelligent hundred eo stupid thousand ob manners Tupee zm married page 36 unmarried ‘one who has passed a Jew the examination Jews Se sleeve 2% dictionary 3853 dollar 14Ey a S55 Kile poe : EH Gaal Ge US... BEY, ai Hadyy AC Sey: eth 0S ap ten ge oi te G5 seh UF ala 5 yaa UF gel Wk Lo iy She pee vci chy al ea Se el Dye be JL. Ghats ye a: pte Bgl LA : she db oe Hakenal bal : Be aw: gaia y suai Galt : ed HET AO fash ial SON pans Oy Alby LTA If Py en: 15 sti as J gai 28cag ill 8 Cpa oes at - oe 56 JO Fe JS A tte : So Guat shy wal) ily SUL Sa Gad 28 Answer the following questions: 1 alo & tushy Wel sory 1A Bo i 2%) sptte Gil Ly a) Sei aul (s Metab oda « ioeeeall Joa alal () well ool weeny ieee — trap ech Mark the correct statements with this (v) and the incorrect ones with this (x): ale et (ry GoBLBNy Sp fle (1) ob sgh fy ; J et agi cy 16Learn the following: onde CS uh AN Jabli e Gah oe Rewrite the following sentences using os SA oul cy 350 tall (tN) 17a Sei ee dh cr 5 gala ie ° Rewrite the following gentences using oe as shown in the example: ses Eee tele leat roet ihe EIQ) cette eee eens is ui (yy pee eee ee a Ge) enemeeeeee aK g Obi (V6 ae Dub isi O)) (orth Nadie aly IN AY oe Ge 4 Answer the following questions in the negative using oa: gal (1)cae) CHI (ry aaa Seti (£) St Saal () ome ese ve Saeh cy em See suse! (Y) ae 35 ay die 5S Wy Hit vs oi cl Lagi Sob loca) SUE csi The teacher asks every student a question like the onés given below, and the student replies in the negative using ¢. ° 5 Sei Sate (£) al sol a e&» desis Sieh ta Rewrite the following ‘sentences using 3 as shown in the example: og ott ood: dbl Isis (gb el ESE Oy: Ale wort BE JO) eee ee eee oe Sb Ls fail 2) mua Jey iu er 2") ie hawquar} Crow ! Clegnbre 8% 8 deo w sel OS 20In this lesson, we learn the following: 1) Ged: It means ‘is not’, It is used in a he tis tee ca eal ‘The house is not new.’ Note that — is added to the kAhabar, and it is therefore majrdr. After the introduction of a the mubtada’is called ismu /aisa, and the Khabaris called khabaru laisa. The feminine of eel iscid eg: Eeapere 53> “tase a5: C43 ‘Zainab is not sick.’ J ‘The car is not old.’ Note that in the second example the sukdn of Gi has changed to kasrah because of the following ‘al’ (laisat |-sayyaératu > /a/sat-/-/- sayyaratu). The forms of (xs) with oa pronouns are mentioned in Exercise 3. In tee 2 the pronoun & is the ésmur /aisa, and wig is the Khabaru rasa, We can also say ten CAS Li, Here Uf is mubtada’and the sentence tn itis Khabar. This sentence is made up of /smu /aisa and khabaru Jaisa as we have seen earlier. Note the following: * We can also say ‘uur CJ! J. Here the Khabar has no 4, and it is mansdb. You will learn this later sit sts 4, 21If the khabaru /aisa is a prepositional clause like gh or it does not take —. So one does not say 4g ¢ Ge cme We have seen in Books One and Two that if the mubtada’is indefinite and the Ahabar is a prepositional clause, the mubtada’ comes after the khaber, eg. ay oo ‘I have brothers.’ With w this sentence becomes igo ‘Lhave no brothers. Here 4 1 is smu /aisa and .¢ is khabaru laisa. 2) If Ol is added to a sentence like 8! 4, it becomes 8+! JO}. Here § +! is mansiib because it is ismu inna, and gi is khabaru inna. 3) Aa 53 SDL ‘Bilal, son of Hamid’. In a construction like this, the alif 2! is omitted in writing, and the preceding word loses its fanwin. 4) SEM literally means ‘Who is the brother?’ It is a polite way of asking a stranger who he is. sd meeting 5 river ea ii Uf ‘Lam happy to meet you.’ telegram 2 good bank CS pocket post office 22ob pSlad go Ub Ae : Sal h(i th ah) se rol de Wb ae tas a Bl ated g ib as last Sal ie wi suse cis atl oats Qe SUIS (fi Wher usb a: aS i Poth bi. Fey Ji te G5 er bb oh : ie Sad ob Hib Uibl 3H. bed spoali had b bi hadt Vai) 08 Ge er hase tbs | abel ia wast Se lealabey jae bo ye yi Xb al oop utr chal ts sph AB ia A: ye it gh bab: Sal thal lb be St Ye ee Bal ph as Sl Ul eaea i gs Ye 23inal of te ai 85 cst exe gui hadi (Sa ip tal 5 A! Seed BU: ye Spend wel abi ost BIg | Sp ob ys Seals Syd Answer the following questions: ao acy st Gi -) Se fad BU BS (r) ST fod 3 Wb (1) Caabl abd Hb Sibi 3a cy oe a lth BI 3A (ty ora Atal (2 Gta odlay Greece Jabal atal (oy Gull ole a> —y Be 3 ood gh Mark the correct statements with this (“) and the incorrect ones with this (*): Aa AA el te oak uaz! Cubs (4) aT fad oe (yy NBS battle ntl ees cp bait (pth egal (£) 24(feat pty) I SN Sell 1 Vier Read the following examples of endl a Be Tot Le; hb ga ch ie i Ly ate GT) Nb oy gol Sys via cy als yp (ede 39 0s (1) Chee bye fei Se (Y) 23 yo Cabs & yt Ns (Ay StI Se Geet Sd (4) lls yo a8) ELI od (6) + (Seal ~~!) asad IN WIS Ge Se OFS -£ Make sentences with the help of the | following words using Jeeves} re wl: seseseeeeessseeeeeseaeeees DU | usb / G2 (1) seseseeeeessneeeeeeseeees PUD | eS | Bata (¥) 25. S155 18h) Porro EEE eal | ace | (A) 2 stedt | 25 | Oe (Vy Boe [eat cay wee Cah | Sae5 | Sibi (4) seceeecececeeeeeeeeeeeeeees Sail | hat | LABS CV 6) wl) Sakae aye le IAN lead US — « Las fa (0) (eat Read the examples, then change the sentences using eo! at vast as in the examples: yite iy oda (1) 2 he Uy O58 (TD 3 B Jr) WU (V) (Gateeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeees age) ios ole (£) Jes Sy Wa (0) gt Gab 055 5 UI (A) Aayld drole “aN (V)oles Sh Maka i le IF od ot yet Fann Combine each pair of the following sentences using S as shown in the example bearing in mind that is is a sister of of: Je fall 3S pS hihi = ee fa eS Abs (iy 56 tie 6 ged nb = SOE le gas ee (~) 2) ro) eh Rewrite the following sentences using oy as explained in the examples: agi ae est gis dda! odie ee) 27Read the following: ht & igIeA Wb ne as 44 Wb ae iat ye Whore ye Ob ee Le 0 by Duly a8 a5 11 A aS LS «gia I 4 Read the following sentences, then write them replacing the figures with words: WEY fad 3 (1) edi aly ves VY 5 Sip way UES V0 eats (1) Be AEE NY pe ga Gh n Ny ie ete (f) AS Vy ad - oes ieee ASS Y + USI a 3 (A) 5g VY RES (4) 28Learn the ordinal numbers: & ivy i —\e Cet ol yee) atest Bylo gu Ceyul .y Coes eA SS ASN es ya 4 a3! Cel jaa Seyl (wih cell 0 OS aly Sah sabi Go Geel et sil GAN SO CV gle doly Qualify each of the following nouns with the ordinal number derived from the number appearing before it: (8) cessteeccssseees KEM SM) ceeccssnneeeecesneteeeneeees ay CV) ceeccecseseeseeeees AUUM OP) ccceesscetssterestenees Csi CV) ceeceeeeseeeecesesee Cdl V8) cccecececsceeseereneeees Ge Con CUES Cth ye WS Het nea jah iy 5 $5 ly = cSt The teacher asks every student a eee containing Gall seus and the student replies saying st 3 29ly gb eat ob ovis 385 Sb Si Sad oa gh Bay aed igh OS oka sy as The teacher asks Pema student a question containing Leg such as cyt wei (pointing to two students), § foeel Gai (pointing to two books), and so on. eo SOUS CED ES is Coes fs ( sal Dé OH DO Sd we Sau atsli 32 CHD jet 30In this lesson, we learn the following: 1) Comparative and superlative degrees of the aries Adjectives in the comparative degree are on the patter of Lai like (eats ‘more beautiful” sf ‘better,’ ‘Atel ‘smaller,’ Aaa! ‘older’. As we have already learnt, words on this pattern are diptotes and so have no tanwin. jes is followed by o than’, e.g.: de i UgbI date “Hamid is taller than Bila.” jaitis the Sere fon nimeen inet feminine feinelertandl pital eg.: HAT Sy sof OSL Blais taller than Amina Se o up oe vd bisa The sons are taller than the daughters.’ 2 o Ugo Note the following examples wherein ¢ is followed by a pronoun: ‘Aminah is taller than Bilél.” ‘The daughters are taller than the sons.’ jnbf Cul you are better than 1.” he “pail fT am shorter than you.’ ths th 51 4 “They are older than we.” isi is also used for the superlative degree. In this case, it is followed by a majrdr noun: a ayaa d oe oe rls! “Ibrahim is the best student in the school.” * Note that in z+ the ndinhas shaddah, There is no shaddah with other pronouns: 4 lie gaye, but be has shaddah because it is made up of 3 and v. 2 $4 means'age’, Ls 1 literally means bigger in age” 312) 5,505: "but is one of the sisters of O!, and so acts like OI, e.g.: OLS (ale 5505 Ages J9b Bilal is hard-working, but Hamid is (GSI; iad 5+ ‘My car is old, but itis strong.’ 3) OLS is one of the sisters of |, and so the noun following it is mansiib. Tt means ‘it looks as if’, €.g.: aley OIF “Tt looks as if the imam is sick.’ {GAS SU ods 2 sister.’ ‘Who is this girl? It looks as if she is your | acu GIS “Tt looks as if this car belongs to him.’ ABI oe ‘You seem to be from India.’ 4) The numbers from 11 to 20 with a masculine ma'‘did. These numbers are compound: they consist of two parts. The ma'‘déd is singular, mansdb, e.g.: USS [8b SST eleven stars’ ULS {26 4kLs ‘nineteen books’ We will deal with these numbers under four heads: (a) Numbers 11 and 12: Here both parts aaree with the ma'diid, e.a.: 32Wb 26 451 ‘eleven male students.’ iw i pers ste] ‘eleven female students.’ We 5 ms wi ‘ twelve male students’ Des oe (31 ‘twelve female students.’ (b) Numbers from 13 to 19: Here the second part agrees with the ma‘dtid and the first part does not, e.g.: Ob yas ie Ab Fie Oe masculine one feminine — masculine As you can see, in Wib 2 258 the madiid, Wb, is masculine, so the is masculine while the first part 4G is feminine as indicated by the §-ending. second part of the number 5 In ib oye os, the matdiid igi is feminine, so the second part of the number sf is also feminine while the first part e is masculine as indicated by the absence of 3. In this lesson we learn these numbers only with the masculine ma‘did. We will learn them again with the feminine ma‘ddd in Lesson 6. (©) These numbers are mabn/ (indeclinable).' In other words, they do not change to indicate their function in the sentence. This will become clear by comparing the numbers from 3 to 10 with these numbers. The word i and Shin (22 ud and 3,732 eh are mu'rab (declinable). In the jarrand nasb cases, they become (5 and {55 respectively, e.g.: Yu, je oh gale "T have twelve riyals.” uy 52¢ (2,111 want twelve rivals.’ Su, 73 (du CASI La "This book costs twelve rivals’ 33YL) BG cle I have three riyals.’ Fan, Soe ts YL) G6 445111 want three riyals.’ SVL) Be, eli! Le ‘This pen costs three riyals.’ Yay hb BU Loate uy jae He yf Yuyao Be ala le Note that “1 and 8! commence with hamzat al-was/and it is omitted in pronunciation when preceded by a word. (d) The number 20 is 23'—6. It has the same form for both the masculine and feminine ma'déd. The ma'déd is singular, manstib, e.g.: Bib Oye, Ub Oye We will learn the numbers from 30 to 90 in Book V ail ole 0}, We'll learn there the other cases of these numbers as well. 5) The word for Yirst’ is J31. Ordinal numbers from 2 to 10 are formed on the pattern of Je8: EIU third’, wy fourth’, aad ‘fifth’, wets ‘sixth’, Second! is ou, which is originally et like Je in Lesson 1. With JI, it is eh. 6) Lis Gills isn't it so?" If a student is asked oi sb cf seas the answer is ee We'll learn more about hi in Lesson 6. ‘which of the two?’, e.g.: Bei Lgl Lu ye OWL Lad)! 3 ‘There are two students from France in the class. Which of them is your brother?” 8) The two broken plural forms Geis and heli like Got and % are called cab! ee gis 3424 hostel month star player team spacious, large full brother famous in dream price window, pl. dat lazy (fem. of CSCS) age, tooth 35AAS yy tin tabs Soe EN: hy Cay Seay SAF By a dy EN Sey « py ull ale Us eee iW Cana aaj ney Coad oh: 36 Seal al “agi gi rated! S13 : sesiet Gils : Aaa Jt as : Spied kaya Jy Goad wl: abe ede WSUS: Lae Serco Jl Ciait ... CABS gad: ool lh eg ooleo] —_ Answer the following questions: ao any ot tuehy otal Cea Sih cy Seal al sf CAS Sif (1) ae oe al CT) so Atal «® whi ols’ dopeall fort all © well oul en oepce we J Mark the correct statements with this (v) and the incorrect ones with this (x): aba ot Sh att (1) lal eb Caled (Y) 1 dt Gd alg] OF (h) “Hea J 1 yas ial a (t) seal J oss & al Al () TNT) Mi Mi il ea Re 37Correct the following sentences: Ko JS DE (1) worl BU oe Ca) T(E) (0) Shaka iy 29 HEN op leo Answer the following questions in the negative using \,: «fet J ast: canSt cry Learn the use of oy: nla ats Loy ogy Gh, of + t= Ody Bi =e t UN ay +N ay = cal + oY ae WY yall @ Le By Hay GY jal Ge ET 38hy GH a ALLA 35 cals 5 teal ie v Read the examples, and answer the following questions by using ~ or a: f ebb a Spell aac hy cai wal aja J) CAS cceeeeeeeestesteneeneeneeeaes £3 so oe Bel a3! (1) Sip oo Bal gay a daa St Cai cry ee ee seu J agi Cas ai (£) 39In this lesson we learn the following: 1) The verb in the méa/ (past tense), e.g.: ~—83 ‘he went’, A) ‘he returned’. Most Arabic verbs have only three letters which are called the radicals. The basic form of the verb in Arabic is the magi As we have seen in Book II, cas means ‘he went’. But if it is followed by a subject, the pronoun ‘he’ is to be omitted, e.g.: Ue roe) means ‘Bilal went’ and not ‘Bilal he went’. In the same way, ©+—83 means ‘she went,’ but if a subject follows, the pronoun ‘she’ is dropped, e.g.: ; S485 “Aminah went.’ In ch ‘he went’ and {<3 ‘she went,’ the subject is said to be damir mustatir 2 ee (hidden pronoun). To this basic form of the méadj, suffixes are added to indicate the other pronouns. This process is called isndd (3tXJ!), In this lesson, we learn the /sndd of the verb in the méad/to the following pronouns: (45 ‘he went’: the subject is damir mustatir. SS ‘she went’: the subject is damir mustatir, The té (©) is the sign of its being feminine. \ s283 ‘they (masc.) went’ the subject is the waw. The a/ifafter the wawis not pronounced (dhahab-di). 233 ‘they (fem.) went’: the subject is the dn (dhahab-na). (e85 ‘you (masc. sing.) went’: the subject is ta (dhahab-ta). {285 ‘I (masc, & fem.) went’; the subject is ¢v (dhahab-tu). 40Note the difference between the masculine and feminine forms: 2) To render a verb in the méa/negative, the particle | is used, e.g.: db gel! Sy CRS ‘I did not go to the market.’ ‘T went to the market.’ > Gp! Sl Ga Aeenall 4 albY! ZF le ‘The imam did not go out of the mosque.’ snl 4 SS Ide 5 “Bilal entered but he did not sit.’ 3) The difference between ‘8% and gi: The word el is used in reply to a negative question. If a Muslim is asked Spee CSI “are you not a Muslim?’ the answer is: he ui lies, Tama Muslim.’ But if a non- Muslim is asked the same question, he replies pints ed «qe. So in reply to a negative question, ¢—*i means ‘no’ and a means ‘yes’. German has a word for (gl. It is ‘doch’. 4) OY: ‘because’, e.g.: By pdt OF Cot Gye because the weather is cold.’ bal BY aaah Sy because he is sick.’ > +I did not go out of the house 25 "Ibrahim went to the hospital Note that OY is made up of J ‘for’ and Of which is a sister of OI, So the noun following it is mansib. ot Y ‘may no harm come to you!’ (Said to one who is sick.) GS tea 41Sia U wy Cagit : ale agh G: keh Gag et: MESA: ous : Hey agi GoM: ALG pal iyo cbs: spall Gy Eb Gs : Ad UF: sagas 2 ey: goad uf : Setle US Cait SL Kall Wa OS ya: SS Ua re) a: IS bp Olay Sg US GIN: pry A: Ye SENG:Answer the following questions: : a ey st Lely sill lb gif cv) Sd CSI CS ST (15) $i AS BA (4) Speoal gt Bae 85s Cel cv) feed Aish (0) MeSta osli'y doeectall Jabal plat vy MAStall ole a> —y deca ‘ech at Mark the correct statements with this (Vv) and the incorrect ones with this (*): Sai Ye 80) ASS ya Olay Spar} us er BY) MY gd WY EW eld OS & (H) aD pS lB OY Hee [ed OS G (ty Read and remember: ren ay eur gl Bal Os : Hi OT ah Cabs £8» STi eT ead Gu Gyan al Gr: att Ta Gib 6 L v 4“ u real jews 43feud cs ety bt ee WAN Jarl a tal Jot a 5-4 sagia eT 156 4 aac eae Draw one line under the jes and two lines under the ae & in the following sentences and vowelize their last letters: wel Jali 25 (1) detell ol che (YX) Spell bey CAS, a wl (*) or ah 3 Bem bas> (0) Mee abu Cie poeiah EBM eel ic Cas 0541 og u “) By ge! ey ad CS (a) Heath wid 2 OW Stet 5 ea (Ws) 2 JXwy gals IS FN Job [ast-o Fill in the blanks with suitable words and vowelize their last letters: eamHALT ecily ay Y ge A) OUST Lf SE arn Use each of the following words in a sentence as 2 Opa and vowelize its last letter: Examine the following examples: AE Soph Gb cry calls J aK J oy E5 ry calalt hy Sub Cas tall ob Rob's 4h US A Lordi 3 foal 933 —A Change each of the following nominal sentences to verbal sentences as shown in the example: ga 48 Gs gill gh SAI) coseeeeesseeteeessseeees LOY Lace Sal) CY) poooqe000950500000000500 EWES Abs cryspeecopebeeopecoooancs ES by 15 DS CY tad gks gigi (Y) popepoeandeoocn—n09n60ed yt \gagh CAI (V8) Read and remember: oy Wy (et-4 8 Sal 6 (1) yy ths (3 (4) Nh ehly (ald ST cr Kacy oad IF oh cit igh ltd Seed ot a Stak OF =) Make a sentence from each pair of verbs on the pattern of the examples above. Note that the second verb has the plural ending while the first does not: MoS / S958) oe Boyer) Gy / Hibs dees eeeeeueeeneees oe / ig () ech | O81) By) ee C85 | ee (t) 46AW ISI Sues SOR 045-19 Use each of the following verbs ina sentence: jou, et — oa a SS al op bt b> ee LS Read and remember: ite ot) Y sou (LB + CoS) ERS UF sar “pl! bd pipes coo Leet LED defey die digig bie op + ae CEOs 47In this lesson, we learn the following: 1) The /@'/ (the subject) of a verbal sentence: We have already learnt that in Arabic there are two types of sentence: nominal and verbal. The nominal sentence commences with a noun, and the verbal sentence commences with a verb, The subject of a verbal sentence is called fai/ (Jett, eg.: Oyu CaS ‘Bilal went’ The f'//is marfii. The fa'i/ can be a pronoun also, e.g: dhahab-G ‘they went’: the /@’/is the waw. 23 dhahab-ta ‘you went’: the /Si/is ‘ta dhahab-né ‘we went’: the /@//is ‘na’. Note that in OS rors) ‘the students went,’ the verb rors has no waw at the end, because 14-83 means ‘they went,’ and if we say (SUAS 595 it means ‘they the students went’. This is not correct because there cannot be two fils for a verb. But we can say ' 83 QUI, Here, QUh!I is mubtada’and the sentence \yi8 “they went’ is Khabar. The same also applies to third person feminine, e.g.: 1 Cc83 ‘the girls went’ or edd GUS), Learn this rule: Nominal sentence: .! ii Verbal sentence: . bl! ory) Uist ah 2) The maf bihi (the object). The mafél bihiis mansib, e.g. 48QU) U1 25 ‘the boy opened the door.” Here Gt! is the mafdi bihi and so it is mansdib. Here are some more examples: Nabe oh ‘I saw Hamid.’ ) aaah ts “The headmistress asked Zainab.’ all Ja gob ancen “fe -4al WS3)1 Jl ‘The boy asked his mother.’ ) + ‘The man drank water.’ ef Note that in the last example the mafd/ bihiis umm (—'), and so it takes the a-ending, and the pronoun Ad is not part of it (umm-a-hd). Here are some more examples of this kind: Gey GI5 11 saw your house.’ (J + Cay bait-a-ka) eS Cth! 2 “The student opened his book.’ (3 + GUS" kitab-a-hd) The mafd/ bihican be a pronoun, é.g.: Jit, Yu Cf) "I saw Bill and asked him.’ 3) The ndin of the tanwin is followed by a kasrah if the next word commences with hamzat al-wasi, e- stall Ls G shariba hdmid-u-n-i-l-ma’a. Here if the kasrah is not added it is difficult to pronounce the letter combination -nl- This is called gS tJ! stad ‘combination of two vowelless letters.’ Whenever such a combination occurs, it is removed by inserting a kasrah between them. Here are some more examples: Ag! oy Jt sa’ala Bild ‘bna-hu. (Bilal asked his son.) t e O19) Le gas samia faisatu adhan.) -i-|-adhan-a. (Faisal heard the a94) We have learnt earlier that most Arabic verbs have only three letters which are called radicals. The first letter is called the first radical, the second is called the second radical, and the third is called the third radical. ~ Oo asa First Radical Third Radical Second Radical Notice that in the mdadj, the first and the third radicals have fathah. The second radical may have fathah, kasrah or dammah, e.g.: FE eb Op ee es Cah grapes he broke ganana he heard fig he understood dawn he drank answer he memorized question he beat snake he entered os grocer he ate tas stick he washed ag’ coffee he killed ows shop (pl. a5 5) bread 335 writing board ie well 50BN oo Che go: Seas al iyo OH Og: fad bb S51 ey Iu; (SU le Si 4915 nee: | GAG glad chest “Aan Wd J. Sy GLE a: Wa Sy eof as Aly a8 gta : (rip JL el yale Uisy A yale US Sle peu Gaal yo CF de hy Val pot 4S: 51 gals Gut eB Y edt OU thu : ala 3 ae Gs gil GH : A yew i es i chs a wpe gw Sh oT ah OK ut : GS Lado CB hy ea OLE: zt ey sae : ih iHK obeae ay gb fol Gab aj be 3 BH, PN tH Ubi as - ” 7 on BE i VBpdel ) Comal: a Pl ose Ga I: AA is: at Be Sriecsh i Sbt gap sets Eat: hy AD Vets gs atl) AA FF ID Call oF tales 085 : wie 52aati, oo S)}-—_ AY AY oe Gey Answer the following questions: ged hich 3 wis wh didlo 6 ry 8 4 jedi atal (*) whi oul « opel jes ala © EeSe ole ee ai toate we a Mark the correct statements with this (“) and the incorrect ones with this (*): has Yall gd Ba) EF GAY) al Ske was Lill & pip GE (TY ssl 85 yo BI ord 5 oo (4) oi Se) Sag aby eT (9) Answer the following questions (These questions are not based on the lesson): 53pli Bee lg Gian oe PA ia cb a5 hey Sod cteby af ages CLE 2 tH) etalut co) Sella hand JE 34 @) JS Sal oly sesh o ig é deus cit Change the je in the following sentences to feminine: xs ae pes ok 23 ea . 1%, 6, ‘es AGW fabdt 3 83,0 JUAN Ge JS 3b JSSY patel Leo! 0 Vowelize the ~ in the following sentences: hat J) ui y " Saag Geil fs cal (1) 54Learn the following: ugh te Jab—s Lo. L. 4 L CS cS SS Notice the use of eo and ea: \ calla sot -¥ ob VHA Agi (1 yl Cag’ Gi (Vy TAN 2 5U Hue Hel ow -A Make suitable questions to the following answers: asl gb USI Nia OG Gad eee eee (£) _ bi cas Gh eeeee ese (°) DIY Ca GY Gceceecseesseeneeeees “ AUG Eto GSO ceeceeesecseeeseeses (Y) 55CSI eblby plaka Shani AN HEN oo Cal ole 1-4 Read the examples, and answer the following questions using the suitable pronoun (8) ti] o |) ) @ eC) vocevteveseteseeees ested Aub victieeeeeeteeeees sig ely Spa ol 3 Complete the following sentences using of bearing in mind that ¢,/ is a sister of 0! : Lane i SBI ee Bb see Ue Gaal ot St se aah (Oy 56e ee obi ssi dagen obi ab (8) 3s SF © oi (0) ne GE js “ c€ Los SEV 8) jG TBI-N) iN Mee a yy y y vt ye AN ayes Us 0 By pdy 8 351) pO aes BS ASI ne s Uareyy Read the following sentences and then write m replacing the figures with words: beceeteteteeeeens HED V4 ow lb 4S (4 eS (ie ops toute io VU (1)socoosonHEABHEoHsed EST, 10 UST VA did add 3 cH) NS VY AS hide G a (£) Wy 9 G1 SO (ey iy bbe via) VW 5 Gb 14 Eset tle 3 (Vy Sas tS v0 oA Oy beet eceeeeeeeeeees Hey vt a oi tis (4) ees HAS V4 Bylardh od BV 6) votetettteeeeees Ag ye fail ts 8 01) A) ISN Go SE leery ve SL 4 ye Saal CST a sgl 1 gle Count from 11 to 20 with each of the following words as Sgdest ib - if - ie - (b - h - By - tas — Ob - sy de ged ab D6 ove Fill in the blanks as shown in the examples: bie hs bee be Et Sukh Pe A escent) ovabs we QO) 58Learn the following: galph a Cie Hi gadis Syy)pae TAN LN UI Write the ~ pala and je forms of the following nouns: Lyall bial | ees ne nw Es) ieLearn the following: ht iv] deli-vv art Gols Sa Y gle Hy gly chyba 85 gay ad By gle Se LAN Gall OU! CTA ive Write the first five 4yahs of surat al-Rahman, al-Hadid, and al-Naba’: 2 ¢) dis CE Hw eg the OWE g tas Ed eye (aE gy Hilee 4s a OF eo he (cially Foy fateIn this lesson, we learn the following: 1) ©4853 ‘you went’ (feminine singular) (dhahab-ti). 2) The numbers 11 to 20 with the feminine ma‘add: We have already learnt these numbers with the masculine ma'diid in Lesson 3. Rules pertaining to these numbers with the feminine ma‘diid have also been mentioned there. To summarize: (a) 11 and 12: both parts of the number agree with the ma’dlid, e.g.: ib ine oad} Ob jae oo Ab ise Ow 522 Gh Note that the letter | has fathahin +6, and sukdn in (b) 13 to 19: in these numbers, the second part agrees with the ima‘did, and the first part does not, e.g.: Ob 326 ine Wb 738 ad 3) i ‘which?’: We have learnt this word in Book 1. It is always mudaf and the noun following it is majrtir because it is mudGf ilaihi, e.g.: ‘Fe Ae istwhich student went out?’ S18 GUS (el Which book did you read?” of th “Which pen did you write with?’ Note that the word (si is marfid in the first sentence because it is mubiada, and it is mansdb in the second because it is mafd bihi, and majrar in the third because it is preceded by the preposition —. 61Makkah.’ OI is a sister of OJ, and so its sm is mansdb and its khabaris marfil, eds ei (BIT think that you are tired.’ 5) faa d we Sadi UB 2 JE He said: “you are the best student in the lass. ””” Note that after JU, the particle a is used, and not of, 6) oe ‘why?'s If it stands alone a “¢” is added to it called Set la, » This is 7) We have learnt in Book II some examples of adjectives ending in *- an, e.g.: The feminine of such adjectives is on the pattern of rs And the plural of both the masculine and the feminine is on the pattern of be, e. g. Note that the plural of OSS and hes is Jus 8) GL» ‘givel’, ‘bring!’: Note its /sndd to the other pronouns of the second person: Agta bg 21 te Sgt ic 9) 4 ‘take!’: You will learn the imperative form of the verb in Book IV. 6210) V5 (wc et i 'So the teacher was greatly pleased with me.’ Here —$ means ‘so,’ and «ei Means ‘with me’. Note: i, © 31 was pleased with you." fay > si ‘Were you pleased with him?’ Fa J ‘They were pleased with us.’ 11) Note that C485 can be read in four ways with four meanings: 63 (dhahab-at) (b) ©2853 ‘you (masc. sing.) went’, (dhahab-ta) (©) ©4383 you (fem. sing.) went’. (dhahab-ti) (d) ©2851 went’. (dhahab-tu) magazine cs he ironed building (3S 44h I have understood it . well. Bee fis du 23315 ye sOrah Vole ail 33315 May Allah increase 5 your knowledge! aid flat sl he came je tooth osty passenger in a bus, f Q train, plane etc. 2% -Omyiittleson’” ee 3 he was pleased js pleased, happy = AS servant (both male : and female) Nee only ai) st Literally, ‘what Allah wills’: an expression of surprise and appreciation.1ST y pal aes gad Gil: OM : : jy Wiad stg) ¢ :OY golall ¢ si gen ES eal galt EF pg eal SN — : sess whi J as Gt » OY : 5 i ta 5 Oy sist I ON 5 stg : oY Salil AEASNy PUT AES Bye: LEIS 9G yo aa oN $1 pooetol Add 8 ly Lay alll OF ka: ON AN Peace He gad SN ¢ btcndll Jo Stet: GY all BE GS Jos a8 64e815) i edi ? os il ou Soult 4b Gust if vidas this A i yah alist eS ews epee I dah iy: 8 Sa ails ed! ao tu ed a OM Pisa Ug CIS Jey OU eats vig £88 Lado, ASI 4 al HBS) ae pet: oui CUA Nhs gly os yey uf: 3 26 I Bi AI y -OG'6 EY pat Suse ys Sat: A 65ee odes} —— Answer the following questions: ag ay & uals iss “lt é yi Vt Cr) Seyi wos 5) CaS Gol (ty ssi Jet sali 2 (&) eN \ pace ws) isi er) Ciloea sat sa o (9) °% ab he salle SY) ecKAis Side aes Gil (4) gab tal (oy Mah olny cloerall Job lal (-) HS ola ge —V iseoce we a Mark the correct statements with this (“) and the incorrect ones with this (*): 1 pal 5S 2M Gal (1) . fren) sh “ya dS 0%) OAS wISNy Ui ABU, Sh GIL Ye GS EN ae el doe LES (£) esac tenth of alt CHO) 66yes gyi prs i eed Hei uly a a & Gel eats Answer the following questions (These questions are not based on the lesson): ab on IF Jo et Rewrite the following sentences using feminine dev : corel y agai 38 af POOH! U Hail olf (1) Oe) y dlaeall ois wai ct) eeeeeeeeceeeeneers SST Y dust Sa ead (ry a g(t) Gee eoeec ees eee eee 1 eacel (0) Qiesseesseeeseeeees Core) & wah hI cy 67Ue daly Tepetadh Healt 9S Jaald okie i ib alae IS aul -e Aled Fill in the blank in each of the following sentences with the correct form of the verb: Gag ora eee fy SBP! YAK: (ies | ws) SIP! Geta Al (55 | ed) 128 y ys 1 ford Je OS) Jes i Gedy ots Rewrite the following sentences by using (,\¢ as shown in the examples: BES os JS fla § Lath ow fail 3 fea (hy iets Ales veal 3 Abt (Gy 68TSCM By ally all bie fr SW fodall Hiv GLa os —v iM Read the examples, and then read the sentences that follow paying special attention to the sakin letters followed by it dal CES (2) Pip Wa 4 Sita..= See i+ ee (Y) B pial (¥) yl dag’ (£) LOIS) dees (1) Syl oss Si “ Ea Bay sya igs CS (VY) Read and remember: 69Aye = b+ Oe dpi = Atty + ee = A+ By 8 Gf cya Cua oo (4 6 gacagil ee Sey) a ry Agaual 85 Salt shal lea (eal 1-4 Read each of the following sentences after adding the pronoun mentioned in front of it and making necessary changes: Read the examples and then fill in the blanks with 5: 6 dN! Gall 9b GUST p58) wu 8 ed ab wo 3 BA 93 al a 4 ©) DESY (ye 5 pet Cab aly gall Ea! 93 Jo! U3 (2) eeeeaee Aas (Y) “BON Ve “a «ry eS ws (8) Jp! aS (9) 70om GS dh lS Saka gle Sd OS GF dls Kh yy Read the examples and then make sentences with the help of the words given in the brackets: J aah gst hy ify Waal (oy Bedi OS af oleh aad Gust) QO) yore | Uke | Cie) (ei ab | SUSI Sat | C25) CEN Behe | LN 2 aie | Bi) Learn the following words: vie Ie ‘Wy oy oa: Soper 71FAN IE Sasa See ON Use these words in sentences: © aa -— 93 - Hj -B- eo eb - yb Cai — JSS ! (eal Sos Ao (at g tee ibs gy 5 Be ez) Je (ei a ey 6M a ange an & nee tee aad — cs an as ea as eae ui os 72In this lesson, we learn the following: 3 dhahab-tum ‘you (masc. pl.) went’, «ST you ate’ Sol Ji edis 231/31 ‘Did you read this magazine, sisters?” 3) UBS chahab-na ‘we went. Grace we heard! GIN) eats Ls We did not hear the adhan.’ 4) 8 gil ‘You saw him’. We say: 485 ra’aitu-ha‘T saw him.’ 43/5 ra’aita-no You saw him’ sil) ra’aiti-hi ‘you (fem. sing.) saw him’ Note that in the last example the pronoun é (hd)' has changed here to ¢ (hi). This change is for vocalic harmony. The combination ‘-A/” sounds better than 't/-Ad< Here are some more examples of this kind of change: 4 baitu-hG, but 42) 2 baiti-hi (for # bait-/-hd) 4s min-hu, but 43 fi-hi As you have seen in these examples, the object pronouns are directly added to the verb. But in the case of the verb with the pronoun of the second person masculine plural like ot, a waw has to be added between the verb and the pronoun, e.g.: ‘The dammah of é is long if it is preceded by a short vowel, €.g. ii la-hd, <4, ra’aitu-hd, And it is short when it is preceded by a consonant or a long vowel, e.g.: 4 min-hu, #3 katabG-hu. This rule applies also to — hi, e.g. « bichi, but «3 frhi. 73b ply ‘You saw him’ (ra’aitum-d-hu). wh scl ‘You saw them.’ e451, You saw her.’ tA gaily ‘You saw them.’ Here are some more examples: a+ wis > 6812 You washed it.” wh + eS > Oped y43 ‘You killed them.’ te edie > te pdits You asked her.’ 5) OW “he was’: It is used in a nominal sentence, e.g.: fail § JSy Bila is inthe class.’ hail 3 Joe OS Bilal was in the class.” 1d Leash The teacher is in the library.” 1B e530)1 OS ‘The teacher was in the library.’ SI Cos welll ‘The pen is under the book.’ pee) ood ool OF ‘The pen was under the book.’ i 2 KSA c No change takes place in a clause after the introduction of OLS”. But if the khabaris a noun, it is rendered manséb after the introduction of os, eg.t vay J > lay oe OS “Bilal was sick.’ 74We will learn this later. 6) Note the following: AJ 33 |o5'a bearded man’ i “JI "the bearded man’ In the first example, 33 qualifies an indefinite noun, and in the second example, a definite noun ey We know that the adjective of a definite noun should also be definite. But 3 is mudéfand cannot take J!. So this is overcome by making the mudéf jaih/ definite by adding Jl. Soin es is 3 the mudéf ilaihi remains indefinite and in iL 3 eit ‘becomes definite (dy, Here are some more examples: wear GUE 93 LS cule T have a book with a beautiful cover.’ JE feabali GSW 38 G&SII ‘The book with the beautiful cover is expensive.’ Barly Ta 93 ha $'In our village there is a mosque with one minaret.’ el 9 Sexo}! ‘The mosque with one minaret is old.’ 7) The letter mimin eld egihS eb Shs «geal has sukdn, And this sukin changes to dammah when followed by hamzat a/-was),e.g.: Stn > Saabs (SE (bait-u-kum-u-Ljadid-u) wl > Sale¥) S15! (@ re’aitum-u--imam-a) rls > fail eGiS (Kitdb-u-hum-w-igadim-u) pte 5 cat SLA (@ sa’attum-u-bna-hd) 8) ‘pul: it iterally means ‘rejoice at the good news’. It is used in reply to a request and implies ‘Don’t worry. You will get what you want.’ 759) ¢45 ‘one-third’: Fractions like ‘one third,’ ‘one fourth,’ ‘one fifth,” etc, up to one tenth are on the pattern of a. The dammah of the second letter ¢ is mostly omitted. C¥ and {p:ts, however, retain it. LS “broom eal & Sai last week abs spectacles aya minaret Syee ——_pichure Bs beard Sgte soap de high, loud (fem. ie) et juice oe coloured pa 3S football the morning ae staircase we half dae wheel oe he walked broadcasting, radio As he took last night we he placed orange ay he found basketball oF he looked for 76Saal wi Ob i Sj ET] ea eT esgi "saab: ee cba os cf esp deca ot] Oph, (Sai patall Sy ental ay gall CBS) Jal ato’ IN abl ST 4 steel Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of as : wpdell Seceeseeee ebaddi Giada cif (4) 77a SC 0 If et pl Bt ay a Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs in the madi: 78Read and remember: (je = Ut ld = Cady eas sgl Wad Jota (ce -¢ Point out the jeu in the following:. bi - es - 1 Some attached pronouns: PWT plaral Gee 5 bs eS CL sg OS td aS: gb GS 56h 79Read and remember: a le at ad Spot Joust tH ee hae oil) elt Be = & + pe tet of This is a revision lesson. Here we review the méd/ with /snéd to all the pronouns except those of the dual. The /sndd'to the pronouns of the dual is treated fully in Book Five. 80i ld Oe ab i a 5 ah ssa 53 * - jp eto eh. oe ating we: 188 8 oagl 1 is alte cag OW sad Ae Ue apres aly Ae a Gl te Lia figs Gs” sath ae A pb aenngih Se OLY Gey oid Ss hy Sa 255 By grad lo Gill Va Cas y 81Sat ejadll Ub bel Ueda & Uy bay es ly fi eoah AI Ou bay (ath aby otal, Laideall Grd, saa us ep ae oT NGS ale A58 cat ii Shas Oe bead y estate fae & Ody Sal ab ais 3 As nV fae ar yaa JE ab wah Ot s @ s ee ore ‘ St 5 $ we habla ped Ble yey 2 eal wl gis sae sity He BASU pate ely: Gis Sb Gs Lp ydall 1 Gepol pall a Hall a pel Of Gus g OH: Gi SOLE Y OLS a Gt ge. eoee Ue pad (Saal 82sab op Oey ai gle: bu ae Gb HOW ib 2 ui wos ee ali oN fe Bo Ge ah any ONE Fo 8 Sl ors eons Sia le oie cs) om os 3 Je eis, erga oe gal Be: sap hy pds ra : egy et ith gph AY MY oe Gey Answer the following questions: shad 3 3 Leah ‘hs Wb eS) ¢ yah ei dbl Cia cai al (1) 83Sa GA (Hr) _ Saal Bl A Sts GE A (2) teeth Ge YA (1) SOLS) a gle ~(Y) diol bn gle dy oa oe slaw s (ay SEM Sta a GE EAE BC ho op Hal's 8 op gle> Le 3 Uh A 0d 85g bs eo Sy 108 JB oA (1) Jad pial Std oly dorcel orl tal () iol ols ae —Y Mark the correct statements with this (“) and the incorrect ones with this (*): ab ied Cb 0) ion HE 8 J ah & ya HE) en s Seal wake Ue * aadh “Kas UL (ry <— Hh Jo sin inh S 1 SIS 4 = en Sadi (M) eeeeeee BEY) ceeeee esata (1) 84ANE gb oli aT 45 Quelle Read the examples, then fill in the blanks with suitable words: Abi All 019 6 Hot “(Ra fod) abd AN adel LSS alah Eh Rewrite the following sentences using eer ibs as shown in the examples: - G x Ne a Sybi hsb 1 lay Br fe Io a ST a eS SH a Bp nasty 15) ode Lael te lle HE 048 (ey oe gh) | cesesseeeeeeeeeees Byb stall is (4) Be po 33) sity) hoe {alll (A) me) lentil \a (4) abs [Lait a (16)1a pil bee EET, GAN OWI Hi ae ale (ab -v Read the following words with the correct endings: Belg hel key ee Maku ee Se een ees ra A OA CHIU ee CHI (YK) ej U- ee e =e ip Siuiys Bid pear sexi ala] Y wet ty Ch et te i Uae al a A Read the examples and then read the words in the sound feminine plural form with the correct ending: wore Gah ois tl ott. © Sjeal thi © ihe sy@ olpealy phy soedly eR pally A Bi Gl (4) lS ecis LE (Hy wich 4) O41 IG (ry ay Syn ee (9) ty sub Sty (£) Wu! ast (vy od Wht JE Cy ite; 0.3 IG (ay 355185 U5 SL (Ay : Sods itty SIH otra od UB (VY) willy dae 9} SHH) VN) 86SY forall Je ayia! Fa ie ae] oie Rewrite the following sentences using egies! isha: tpl ae jodi Pol ee joi pol ee jo ran = i+ h e350) Sea OY eI Lae Wiad or NS O68 just (ey SS he EF dysalt cs (6) : igo Labi is Y si le AN alah op Cal a til og $ ae Sa Ch Boece eee Sipe (1) OIG We GUE Sa CY) fadeadl 8 Lad BT3I cry ah, Fat Cat ash Uy Learn the following: Ag 5 gate 4) lane 87Learn the following words: ABW ots ae yy Bs Yd gh tlh Jo od as HN loads OI GF all Job — 1 oe A Rewrite the following sentences after changing the underlined words to the plural as shown in the example: SOW Jad; EF gl Aes SOW alll Go ee Gall bs Yes oh oul fos ani iW edi CS AF tah ob -ve ere Rewrite the following sentences after changing the underlined words to the plural as shown in the example:peat NS Lp BSS be ee «gab es gl HU po'yah ste SOM Ladi [o5 al A A: ahi J 81 ai gos ul daa yo: aals “Y em hed Ges 3 Bas A SOW ah Ges ea jy A) US Sunes Sah b58-10 Make sentences using the following words: ee - - bY in Cp We he lal be ied (ible ¢) be 3 89— BOINTS T REMEMBER» In this lesson, we learn the following: 1) The nasb ending of the sound feminine plural: We have learnt earlier that the normal nasb ending of a noun is ‘-a’, €.g.: Ce OG Now we learn that the nasb ending of a noun in the sound feminine plural form is ‘-i’ instead of ‘-a’, e. .US1y 384) Cif 1 saw the sons and the daughters.’ (al- abna-a wa |-banati) In this sentence, both s134) and =U are objects of the verb Gifs, and so they are mansiib. The noun +184! has the regular '-a’ ending but the noun “J! has the *-i’ ending because it is found feminine plural which it’. ends in * Here are some more examples: Ce5My iyo) it GL iidh created the heavens and the earth.’ (as-samawat-i wa |-ard-a). eel» Hodally CS) GEG tread the books, the newspapers, and the magazines.’ (al-kutub-a wa s-suhuf-a wa |- majallat-i) Lod gb O19) 5 HFN! O! Indeed the brothers and sisters are at home.’ (al-ikhwat-a wa |-akhawat-i) Remember that the masb and jarr endings are the same in the sound feminine plural form, e.g.: 90EU é ous oy ‘Indeed the female students are in the buses.’ Here ois is mansdb because of 4 and ob is majriir because of the preposition 3, but both have the -i ending. 2) We have learnt that & saw him.’ Now we learn the use of the pronoun of the first person means ‘T ‘me’. Note the following: -4s%!y You saw me.’ il gle ‘Allah created me.’ sep tall eo The pronoun of the first person is only * ‘The teacher asked me.’ “ but an *-n’ is added between the verb and the pronoun ‘i’ so that the final vowel of the verb may not be affected due to ‘-i’. As we know ‘you saw’ is Ci (ra’aita) for masculine and cot (ra‘aiti) for feminine. If we say ‘ra’aita-i’ the Arabic phonetic system requires the omission of the vowel ‘a’ or ‘i’ before the pronoun ‘i’, So the verb in both cases will become ‘ra’ait-i’ and the difference between the masculine and feminine will be lost. That is why is inserted between the verb and the pronoun ‘-i’ (ra’aita-n-1, ‘"). This nd is called ‘the ndin of protection’ 48 Y\ ig because it protects the final vowel of the verb from omission. 3) How to say in Arabic ‘How beautiful is this car!’, ‘What a beautiful car this is!’ This is expressed in Arabic by 1B jG odie forei \ js (ie. Verb of Wonder) and has the form Aladl \s, is called — One can use the pronoun 8 or any other pronoun in the accusative, or replace it by a mansdb noun e.g.: Bi & How good you are!” Ie \s ‘How poor she is!’ 9151 \e ‘How numerous the stars are!’ eat taba JG4I G How easy this lesson is!” 4) We have learnt in Book II that the noun after \ takes only one dammah, €.g.: Vayu WSteat W1dG & Hate &. Now if the noun after & is mudéf it is mansdb, e. : !Jd4 C4 &'0 daughter of Bilal!” ee t {dere CF! LO sister of Muhammad!’ ©! 40 son of my brother!’ ~') 4'0 Lord of the Ka’bah!’ “CE &'0 servant of Allah!’ 1 SS Ul WO Abu Bakr!’ (Literally ‘O Father of Bakr’, Note that the manstib form of 3 is Ul), N35 &'0 our Lord!” 5) We have learnt in Book IT that the noun after @—S" (how many?) is singular and mansdb. But if the word #—S is preceded by a preposition, the noun following it may be majrdir or mansdb, e.g.: {ks 34) at "How many riyals have you?’ iy Jy [My 4 ‘How many riyals does this cost?" Here both Vu uy and J .) are permissible because of the preposition —. In the same way we can say Sex leg oS o" in how many days?” 6) When the interrogative \ is preceded by a preposition, the alifof is dropped, e.g.: e+ —> (‘with what?’ 92e+ J> ¢ ‘for what?” why?’ G+ Se (e+ 'from what?’ Note that the dn of (34 has been assimilated to the mim of (min+ma > mimma). + 42 > (‘about what?’ Note that the ndn of oF has been assimilated to the mim of (‘an+ma > ‘amma) 7) We have learnt the relative pronouns il (mas. sing.) and A (fem. sing.). Now we learn their plural forms. The plural of ili is J, and that of re is Pu. Here are some examples: Mas. sing.: ute Js te galt =< eet al Bo ‘The man who left the headmaster’s office is a new teacher.” Mas. ph: Side Oguiie ith Ke So 155 Guill DED ‘The men who left the headmaster’s office are new teachers.’ Fem, sing: Spal Gi aaah atal ole ih Ala ‘The female student who sat in front of the lady teacher is the headmistress’ daughter.’ a Atal Coke Si Su ‘The female students who sat in front of the lady teacher are the headmistress’ daughters.” 8) We have learnt the particle | which turns a statement into a question. If the noun following it has J! the { changes to T, e.g.: 2 JE Walls “Ju 2.5a4IT Did the teacher tell you?’ (al-mudarris-u?) IT ‘Did you see him today?’ (al-yaum-a?) 93But: vets Cath ia 5 seit Caust saat pid this student ask you?’ (a hadha?) 9) The final (¢ which is pronounced alifis written alifwhen a pronoun of jarra nasbis attached to the word, e. (s# ‘meaning’ > tix ‘its meaning.’ S55 ‘he ironed’ > 8155 ‘he ironed it.’ 10) ka5-1 561 CSikit ‘the five new students’: here the number is used as an adjective and so it comes after the md'diid. Here are some more examples: Y! CESS! the four books.’ S255! JU tthe ten men.’ 42S © Gated! ‘the Six Authentic Books of hadith’. fehl G1 F4 the five sisters’. 11) S83 patti Ji here a’li Jl has been brought forward for the sake of emphasis, Note the following: De 5f5 1T saw Bilal” (without empphasis). ed, We “It was Bilal that I saw’ (with emphasis). The second construction is used in case of doubt or denial. 94list BY fire connection se ie a number of books meaning ioe capital city moment ise mixed a number of questions ais like that it rang jinn he created iron (metal) he raised like this, so ib mud bell +e he attended, he was you have done well, present ‘ well done! 95ob eg 6 USy alll De OU US) wi Og Jai ; pry ante 185 Seth Jy Lats C8 as: cay BAe ee: 1 HEN BS 9 UT, dae ee e BERD apace ysl) & 96Answer the following questions: ag ay oe Gas BY) Be a ae Ca ty 8B gall oo rh a () sett J ads be (9) igSaalt Ji Lali & cy ak Sat oe ASV) 3 fas Condge 6 (A) Correct the following statements: u(Y) tal y Hath BEN geaalt Jee La cry «faa Be Aaj OSB ls (8) ET Get Se Cay 97Look at the following examples: ay ots oie pot oti gi ei ge a apollo Ga () 2 OT AI (Levee 13 cry Bi JN ee ay AW Juan ¢ cat Lg day Change these sel verbs to coteRead the following: ive be es Able oy ra yy Ab bye ta v YY Db ose aus YA yy Wb oye) is v8 ve Wb oe ye ab Oye Lane Yo By iody ad 85 yp 0S) des Bs GEIS oy & EV Read the following sentences and then write them replacing figures with words: eg he a 88 see eo ao VV yb 385U1 Illa (vy 99Learn the following: fe w “ 5) ‘sts x Se NB Cob Sy Gey 1S aid ajc J) tas (1) Se ae Sod Rb 5 (ry AGN UIE Sua Sak O84 Make sentences using the following words: celts ipa tel iit New words: sli jg OE @ fle be & os 3 ee 100Se In this lesson we learn the following: 1) The present tense of the Arabic verb: The Arabic verb has only three forms. These are: (@) the past tense which is called the méa/ gta) (b) the present-future tense which is called the mudar'’g all, and (0) the imperative which is called the amr’a¥, We have already learnt the mdad/. In this lesson we will learn the mudéri< We will learn the amrin Book IV. In the mudér’; one of the four lettersd, |, <, «6 is prefixed to the verb. We have learnt that ‘he wrote’ is C25’ (kataba). Now ‘he writes’ is LAS (ya-ktubu). Note that C253 means ‘he writes,’ ‘he is writing,’ or ‘he will write’ Now let us see the difference between the forms of the madi and the We have learnt that most Arabic verbs have three letters or radicals. In mu the még/ the first radical has a fathah, and in the mudéri'it has a sukiin. The third radical has a fathah in the madi and a dammah in the mudari. The second radical may have any of the three vowels (fathah, kasrah or dammah) both in the médias well as in the mudari. According to the vowel of the second radical, verbs are classified in six groups. We learn four of these in this lesson. (a) a-u group: in this group, the second radical has ‘a’ in the mda/ and/‘u’ in the mudéri, e.g.: 101CS the wrote’ LEX ‘he writes! (kataba / ya-ktubu). Bite killed * he kills’ (qatala / ya-qtulu). does ‘he performed sajdah’ ‘xu ‘he performs sajdah’ (sajada / ya-sjudu). (b) a-i group: in this group, the second radical has ‘a’ in the maa/and ‘iin the mudéri, e.g.: We “he sat’ nbs he sits’ (jalasa / ya-jlisu). > ‘he beat’ & i ‘he beats’ (daraba / ya-dribu). Ke ‘he washed’ jt ‘he washes’ (ghasala / ya-ghsilu). (c) a-a group: in this group the second radical has ‘a’ in the mddias well as the mudéri, e.g.: G5 ‘he went’ C845 ‘he goes’ (dhahaba / ya-dhhabu). os “he opened’ fo “he opens’ (fataha / ya-ftahu). {3 “he read’ bi he reads’ (qara’a / ya-qra’u). (d) i-a group: in this group, the second radical has ‘i’ in the madi and ‘a’ in the mudéri, e.g.: rr) “he understood ii ‘he understands’ (fahima / ya-fhamu). Gyo "he drank’ &, 3 ‘he drinks’ (shariba / ya-shrabu). {24> ‘he memorized’ Lkéej ‘he memorizes’ (hafiza / ya-hfazu). As there is no rule to determine the group of a verb, the student should learn the group of each new verb he learns. All good dictionaries mention this. While expressing a verb usually both the mad/and the mudéri' are mentioned together. If you are asked the Arabic for ‘to write’ you say: 1022) Numbers from 21 to 30: The two parts of the numbers are joined by beg: Db oyirhe 5 doty, Note that: (a) The first part of these numbers has tanwin, e.g.: Opes Bs... ylihey day f yiphes ADE yyy oly The word OLS! of course, has no tanwin. (b) Sty and OUST are masculine with the masculine mé'dlfd. But the numbers from 3 to 9 are feminine, e. BE) Oye BOE DES Osho v Ser ype det, Sle 0y/p36 hs Shy Oy fhe Eb Sony by hey ial Ye) ose y Bs... (©) The ma'diid is singular and mansdb. 3) Wa Y] datd ‘quarter to nine’: 4 literally means ‘except’. Note that the noun after ‘Y! is mansdb. Note also the following: GBS 2S Y) S4>17Y1 42CI1 ten minutes to one.’ WS} ASI five minutes to two.’ 11421 ‘one minute to five.’ 4) We have learnt J) in Lesson 1. It has two meanings. These are: (a) ‘I hope’ and (b) ‘I am afraid’. The first is called ll and the second GLEBY. In asd aor) Usd ABE it is GueSY as it means ‘I am afraid he will come back today late.’ 103°2 ‘between’: The noun following it is mayriir because it is mudaf ilaihi, €.9.: Shai y Ie et dale (le Hamid sat between Bilal and Faisal.” (= should be repeated with pronouns, e.g.: ee Le “This is between you and me.’ always office sometimes be labourer once again j \b length width ‘een Macs (a-u) to perform distance pean kilometre (a-a) to do centimetre (i-a) to ride metre between (-a) to work between them (ie. the two) (a-a) to bow in prayer 104